Khryachkov V
The status and prospects of nuclear physics research at IPPE
Khryachkov V.
State scientific center of the Russian Federation –Institute for physics and power engineering named after A. I. LeypunskyInstitute for physics and power engineering named after A. I. Leypunsky
IPPE in nuclear data community
IPPE was establish in 31 May 1946!
Neutron nuclear data important for nuclear reactor is one of the first task of IPPE.
G.Smirenkin Yu.GrigoryevB.KuzminovD.ShpakA.Soldatov
g yD.TambovchevL.KozlovskyVMalinovskyA.Soldatov
B.MaksutenkoG.LovchikovaB Fursov
V.MalinovskyV.PiksaykinA.GoverdovskiVTolstikovB.Fursov
N.KornilovS.SimakovVK
V.TolstikovA.SergachevB.Zhuravlev
lV.Kononov et al.
Fission cross section, fission fragments yield, prompt neutron spectra, prompt neutron multiplicity, elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, neutron capture, ternary fission, (n,) reaction, benchmark, neutron
2/44
and inelastic neutron scattering, neutron capture, ternary fission, (n,) reaction, benchmark, neutron capture, delay neutron, cold fission, angular distribution of fission fragments , level density, et alia.
IPPE Accelerators
IPPE accelerator complexEGP-15
KG-2,5 EG-1
Nuclear physicsRadiation materials scienceNuclear microanalysis
Energy region (p+) -0 1 13 MeV
EG-2,5
EG-0,3
3/44
Energy region (p ) -0,1…13 MeVCurrent -0,01…2000 μAIon mass -1…100 a.m.u.
Accelerators parameters
Accelerator Ions energy(MeV)
Ions Operating mode Current
parametersparametersEG-2,5
(1961 г.) 0,2 – 2,7H, D,
He, N, Ar, O DC0,1 – 30,0 μA
0,01 – 10,0 μA
DC 1 0 20 0 μAEG-1(1958 г.) 0,9 – 4,5 H, D
DC_____________
Pulsed
1,0 – 20,0 μA____________________________________________
Amplitude 2 -3 mAPulse duration 1 – 2 nsFrequency 1 – 5 MHz
EGP 10М DC 1,0 – 10,0 μAEGP-10М(1968 г.) 3,5 – 9,0 H, D
_____________
Pulsed
____________________________________________
Amplitude 0,4 mAPulse duration 1 – 2 nsFrequency 1 – 5 MHz
KG-2 5 0 1 2 0 AKG 2,5(1968 г.) 0.3 – 2,2 H, D DC 0,1 – 2,0 mA
KG-0,3(1968 г.) 0,05 – 0,3 H, D
DC_____________
Pulsed
0,01 – 2,0 mA____________________________________________
Amplitude 3 -5 mAPulse duration 1 – 3 ns
Frequency 0,5 – 2,5 MHz
EGP-15(1993) 4,0 – 12,0
( d)
H, D DC___________________
Pulsed
0,01 – 5,0 μA____________________________________________
Amplitude 0,3 -0,5 mAPulse duration 1 – 3 ns
4/44
(р, d)---------------------------------
F, С, O, Al, Si, Cl, Ni, Fe, Zr
Pulsed
___________________Frequency 1,0 – 5 MHz
------------------------------------------------------------------
0,01 – 1,0 μA
Fission fragments spectrometer
o CSPA FA
In
put C
ooHV
CFD
CSPA
FA
Sto
p
In
put B
ave
form
dig
itize
r
CAM
AC
mpu
ter N
et
Del
ayun
it
Cathode
Anode
238U
Grid
Grid
FA
CSPA FA
C
Inpu
t A
Wa
ComD u
Anode
oHigh voltage
suplayHigh voltage
filter
Ionization chamber: d=120 мм, height – 90 mm.
Working gas: Ar+10%CH4, Pressure – 0.75 atm.
Digitizer: LeCroy 2262, 40 MHz, Time scale – 7 mks.238U sample sizes: Diameter - 60 mm. Thickness 250 pmkg/cm2.
Energy resolution 40 keV for 6 MeV α-particles.
Angular resolution - 0.065 (in cos(θ) unit).
5/44
g ( ( ) )
Mass resolution ~1 a.m.u.
232Th(n,f), En=1,2 and 5 MeV
6
7
232Th(n,f)
Y, % En=5.0 MeV En=1.2 MeV
3
4
5
1
2
3
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
1
0 01
0,1
6/4440 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0,01
Mass, a.m.u.
Fission fragments yield
2500
- IPPEIRMM
N2000
- IRMM
1000
1500
500
1000
169.8 MeV
0120 140 160 180 200 220
TKE, MeV
7/44
TKE distributions for mass 140 a.m.u.
3000 -En=6 5 MeV
2000
2500
En 6.5 MeV -En=5 MeVN
1500
2000
M=140 a.m.u.
500
1000
120 140 160 180 2000
TKE, MeV
8/44
TKE distributions for mass 140 a.m.u.
1000 -En=5 MeV -En=6.5 MeV
N
100
M=140 a.e.m.
1
10
100 120 140 160 180 200
TKE, MeV
1000 En=5 MeV
100 M=130 a.m.u.
-En=5 MeV -En=6.5 MeVN
10
9/44100 120 140 160 180 200
1
TKE, MeV
TKE and TKE dispersion for 238U(n,f) by 5 and 6,5 MeV neutron
170
175
180 -En=5 MeV -En=6.5 MeV
155
160
165
KE, M
eV
140
145
150TK
30
32
-En=5 MeV
120 130 140 150 160 170
24
26
28 -En=6.5 MeV
E, M
eV
18
20
22
TK
10/44120 130 140 150 160 170
16
Mass, a.m.u.
True cold fragmentation observation for 238U fission by 5 MeV neutrons
900
1000
Q
Q Q*
Q*
N500
600
700
800 Anode 1 Anode 2
M1=140.25 M2=98.75E1=80.4 E2=114.2cos(1)=0.522 cos(2)=0.515an
nel
10
100
100
200
300
400
( ) ( )TKE=194.6 MeV
QA,
cha
100 120 140 160 180 200 220
1
TKE M V30
35 0.00 1.25 2.50 3.75 5.00 6.25
0
TKE MeV
10
15
20
25
A, ch
anne
l
Fission fragments yields dependence from TKE value. (□) – mass
2 9 3 0 3 1 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1-5
0
5
10I AFission fragments yields dependence from TKE value. (□) mass130 a.m.u., (●) – mass 140 a.m.u.
11/44
2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1Time, mks
238U(n,f), En=5 MeV
10
12
14
0 -1 M eV
100
120
140
160
4 -5 M eV
80
10060 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
2
4
6
8
60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
20
40
60
80
40
1 2 M eV
180
2005 -6 M eV
60
80
TKE)
, MeV
0
10
20
30
1 -2 M eV
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
20
40(Q* -T 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
20
30
40
50 2 -3 M eV
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
6 -7 M eV
060 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
10
60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
20
40
60
80
50
60
70
80
3 -4 M eV
250
300
350 7 -8 M eV
60 80 100 120 140 160Fission fragment mass, a.m.u.
60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
10
20
30
40
M ass , a .m .u ..
60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
50
100
150
200
12/44
Maximal available TKE for different mass
20 - 5 MeV- 6 5 MeV
10
15- 6.5 MeV
9.8 MeV
Max, M
eV
5
10
Q* -T
KEM
0
3.34 MeV
115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170Mass, a.m.u.
13/44
252Cf and 233Th ternary fission
o 4
1
7 FA1
FA2
CFDCU DU
Anode
Dinode
5
ooHV
62
PMT PA1FA3
FA4
CFD
StopWFD
S1
S2
А1
Catode
o
3
4
PA2
PA3
4
FA6
FA5
S3
S4
Catode
А2
800
900
100
120 252C f(sf)
500
600
700 - CsI - Anode 1 - Anode 2 - Cathode
de, c
hann
el
60
80
Texp.
are
a, a
.u.
100
200
300
400
ampl
itud
20
40
pD
Fast
e
14/440 1 2 3 4 5 60
Time, mks20 40 60 80 100 120
Energy, a.u.
Energy dependence of ternary fission probability for 232Th(n,f)
0,15
0,05
0,10
, b
arn
163,0
163,51,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5
0,00
162,0
162,5
,
TKE
. MeV
2,53,0
%
1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5161,5
0 00,51,01,52,0
, 1
0-1
15/441,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5
0,0
Neutron energy, MeV
Classical spectrometer events classification
1. Target
2. Full absorption
3. Electrodes
4. Gas a-particles
5. Protons
6. Wall effect
n
16/44
Scheme of the IPPE experimental setup
PA lifi TFA i i fil lifiPA – preamplifier, TFA – timing filter amplifier, D – discriminator,SA – spectroscopy amplifier, DLA – delay line amplifier, WFD – waveform digitizer, PC – personal computer.
17/44
Amplitude of anode pulse vs electron drift time
1,000
0,875
0,625
0,750
Po area
0,500 window
,
s
0,250
0,375 Rn area
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000,125
Q h l
18/44
QAMax, channel
α-particle directionality determination
800
1 2
Anode
400
600
A, c
hann
el
QF
QB
QF
Q
200
Q
QBQB
Cathode2,00 2,25 2,50 2,75 3,00
Time, s
Cathode
19/44
α-particle directionality determination
400
H igh dE /dx near the cathode222R n6000
- original spectrumspectrum after regection
Cou
nt
200
300
H igh dE /dx near the anode
4000
5000
Cou
nt
- spectrum after regection
100
H igh dE /dx near the anode
2000
3000
C
100
120
140218P o
0
0
1000
60
80
100
dE
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
Energy, channel
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
20
40
end
begin
A
A
dxdE
dxdE
enddt
tdQ
begindt
tdQ
G
)(
)(
)()(
20/44
G , a .u .
Particle position and type of particle determination
120 16 13nel)
120 16O(n )13C En=7 1 MeV
100
120 16O(n,)13C, En=7.1 MeVdetector gas Kr(97%)CO2(3%)
cathode
track
Td(
chan
100
120
background
O(n,) C, En=7.1 MeVdetector gas Kr(97%)CO2(3%)
nnel
)
60
80
Td
end
of p
artic
le
60
80
ime
Tr (c
han
20
40
16O(n,)13Ce
of o
rigin
or e
20
40Ris
e t
20 40 60 80 100 120
Anode pulse amplitude (channel)
Drif
t tim
20 40 60 80 100 120
particles
Anode pulse amplitude (channel)
21/44
Energy spectrum of α-particles
8000- GIC mode, background contribution (BC 19%)
6000
7000(1)
GIC mode, background contribution (BC 19%) - TPC mode, rise time suppression (BC 2.5 %) - TPC mode, rise time suppression and
additionally drift time suppression (BC 1.2 %)
5000P
chan
nel
3000
400016O(n,
)13C
(3)
(2)
C
ount
s/c
1000
2000
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
1000
22/44
Anode pulse amplitude (channel)
Evaluations for 16O(n,α) reaction
350
400 -ENDF/B-VI.8 -ENDF/B-VII.0
300 -BROND-2.2 -JENDL-3.3 -CENDL-2.0
b)
200
250
ctio
n (m
b
100
150
Cro
ss s
ec
50
100C
3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 8,0 8,5 9,00
23/44
Neutron Energy (MeV)
Result for 16O(n,α)13C
0,30Convoluted ENDF B VII *1.8
IPPE 2009 Convoluted ENDF B VIIENDF B VII
0,25ENDF B VII Davis
0 15
0,20
on, b
arn
0,10
0,15
oss
sect
io
0,05
Cro
4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,00,00
24/44
, , , , , ,En, MeV
Spectrometer response function for gaseous and solid targets
16001800 Solid target I
N
400600800
1000120014001600
IIIII
VI V
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200
200400
150 Gaseous target3
50
100
g1
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200
Anode signal amplitude, channelSolid target:I – 10B(n,α0);
Gaseous target:1 – 10B(n α0);( , 0);
II – 10B(n,α1); III – 10B(n,t);VI – 7Li;
1 – B(n,α0);2 - 10B(n,α1); 3 - 10B(n,t)
25/44
V – 7Li+α
Result for 10B(n,2α)t reaction
26/44
Result for (n,a) reaction cross section for light elements
New data for:
1) 10B( t)1) 10B(n,t),
2) 10B(n, α0)/10B(n, α1),
3) 12C(n α)3) 12C(n,α),
4) 14N(n,α0), 14N(n,α1), 14N(n,α2),
5) 14N(n t )5) N(n,t0),
6) 16O(n,α0),
7) 19F(n α)7) F(n,α),
8) 20Ne(n,α0), 20Ne(n,α1), 20Ne(n,α2), 20Ne(n,α3),
9) 36Ar(n,α0), 36Ar(n,α1), 36Ar(n,α2), ) ( , 0), ( , 1), ( , 2),
10) 40Ar(n,α0)
was measured
27/44
Some of structural material isotopes properties
Isotope Natural abundance, % (n,α) reaction Q-value, MeV
50Cr, T1/2>1,8*1017 y, EC 4,345 +0,3213
52Cr, stable 83,489 -1,209753Cr, stable 9,501 +1,790354Cr, stable 2,365 - 1,5466
Isotope Residual nuclear Stability Isotope Residual nuclear StabilityCr Fe
50Cr 47Ti Stable52Cr 49Ti Stable53Cr 50Ti Stable
54Fe 51Cr T1/2=27,7 d, ec56Fe 53Cr Stable57Fe 54Cr Stable
54Cr 51Ti T1/2=5,76 min 58Fe 55Cr T1/2=3,55 min
Isotope Residual nuclear Stability
Ni
58Ni 55Fe T1/2=2,7 y, ec60Ni 57Fe Stable61Ni 58Fe Stable62Ni 59F T 44 5 d
28/44
62Ni 59Fe T1/2=44,5 d
Present status of experimental data and evaluation for chromium isotopes
29/44
Motivations for removing solid target from cathode surface
1) Target surface 10 times less then cathode surface; Probability of gaseous particle absorption is proportional to the surface area.
2) Target material – gold. Low probability for charge particle
30/44
2) Target material gold. Low probability for charge particle emission;
New chamber design
o
3
6
7 6
5 1
7
HV
1
6
4
8
8oo
2
8
2
1) Cr target;2) 238U target; 5. Frisch grid;2) 238U target;3) Anode; 4) Anode signal connector;
g ;6. Guard electrodes;7. Resistor.8. Golden threads
31/44
8. Golden threads
Background (neutron beam off)
120
100l
60
80
e, c
hann
el
C th dC th d
40Drif
t tim
e CathodeCathode
Cr targetCr target
20 GasGas
20 40 60 80 100 120
Anode pulse amplitude, channel
32/44
p p
Own α - activity of the detector
N
250300350400
Target 0,0043 Bk
E=4,8 Mev
050
100150200250
20
25
30Cathode 0,0011 Bk
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
0
5
10
15
10121416
Working gas0,00025 Bk
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
02468
33/44
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Anode pulse amplitude, channel
Drift time selection for -particles only
80
50
60
70
nel
30
40
50
rift t
ime,
cha
nn
10
20
Dr
50 55 60 65 70Anode pulse amplitude, channel
34/44
Result for 54Fe(n,α)51Cr reaction cross section
45
50 JENDL - 4.0 JEFF - 3.1A
35
40
45 BROND - 3A EAF - 2010 ADL - 3ENDF/B VII 1
25
30
35 ENDF/B VII.1 A.Paulsen(79) IPPE 2015 J.W.Meadows(91)on
, mb
15
20
25 W.Mannhart(07) Y.M.Gledenov(97) S.K.Saraf(91)LuHan-Lin(89)C
ross
sec
ti
5
10
15 LuHan-Lin(89) Y.Ikeda(88) FanPeiguo(85)
C
4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 8,0 8,5 9,00
5
35/44
Neutron energy, MeV
Result for 50Cr
0 0200,020n 0,015
ctio
n, b
arn
ENDF/B VII.1JENDL 4 0
0,010
Cro
ss s
ec
JENDL - 4.0 JEFF - 3.1A BROND - 3AEAF - 2010
0,005
C EAF 2010 IPPE 2011 Matsuyama JENDL - 3.3
5 6 7 80,000
36/44
Neutron energy, MeV
Result for 52Cr(n,α)49Ti reaction cross section
0.004
ENDF/B VII.1
52Cr(n,)
0.003
JEFF - 3.1A JENDL - 4.0 BROND - 3AEAF 2010n
0.002
EAF - 2010 IPPE 2014
ctio
n, b
arn
0.002
Cro
ss se
c
0.001
6.50 6.75 7.00 7.25 7.500.000
Neutronenergy MeV
37/44
Neutron energy, MeV
Result for 64Zn(n,α) and 60Ni (n,α) reaction cross section
0 0890
ENDF/B VII. 1 JENDL 4.0
0,06
0,08
barn 60
6570758085
JENDL 4.0 JEFF 3.1.2 ROSFOND 2010 IPPE, 2014 Kneff D.W.,1986 Dolya G.P., 1975 Haight R.C., 1996Fischer R 1984ar
n
0,04 ENDF/B VII JENDL 4. GuohuiZhang, 2007 GuohuiZhang, 2008J L Casanova 1976C
ross
sec
tion,
b
303540455055
Fischer R., 1984 Grimes S.M., 1979
ross
sec
tion,
ba
2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 00,00
0,02J.L.Casanova, 1976 JingYuan, 2003 IPPE, 2014
C
05
10152025C
2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 8,0
Neutron energy, MeV4 6 8 10 12 14
Neutron energy, MeV
38/44
Result for (n,a) reaction cross section for light elements
New data for:
1) 50Cr(n, α),
2) 52Cr(n, α),
3) 53Cr(n, α),
4) 54Fe(n, α),
5) 57Fe(n, α),
6) 60Ni(n, α),
7) 64Zn(n, α),,
was measured
39/44
New 3MV Tandetron 4130 HC accelerator
40/44
Parameters of the Tandem accelerator 3MV Tandetron 4130 HC
Voltage 0,2 -3,3 MVVoltage stability ± 300 Vg yVacuum 4 x 10 -7 Torr (oil free)Pulse regime (hydrogen):Ion energy - 0,5 - 4 MeV;P l idth 2Pulse width - 2 ns;Pulse rate - 125 kHz - 4 MHzAverage current: - 4,8 μA (4 MHz)
Ion Current, μA Max. energy, MeV Ion Current, μA Max. energy, MeV
1H(+) 20 6 31P(3+) 20 12
2D(+) 15 6 28Si(3+) 48 12
4Не(2+) 4 9 58Ni(3+) 20 127Li(2+) 2 9 56Fe(3+) 2 12
11В(3+) 12 12 63Cu(2+) 8 9
12С(3+) 40 12 75As(2+) 5 9
16О(3+) 40 12 197Au(2+) 20 9
41/44
Expected neutron flux
10710
m2 s)
106
Y, n
/(cm
7Li(p,n)7Be d(D,n)3He
105
104
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Neutron energy, MeV
Current 20 μA Target thickness – 2 mg Distance from neutron target – 10 cm
42/44
Current 20 μA. Target thickness 2 mg. Distance from neutron target 10 cm.
Plane of future investigations.
Experiments with gaseous targets (16O(n,α), 14N(n,α), 14N(n,t) и 10B(n,α)) forp g g ( ( , ), ( , ), ( , ) ( , ))
neutron energy range from threshold to 9 MeV.
Prompt neutron spectra for 235U fission by thermal neutrons (fully digitalp p y ( y g
experiment).
(n,α) reaction cross section for structural material nuclear (up to 9 MeV).
Benchmarks. Liking neutron spectra from sphere for californium source and 14
MeV source.
Fission fragment yield for fast neutrons.
Ternary fission by fast neutron.
Study of delay neutrons. Spectra. Yield. Timing parameters.
Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering cross section for structural materials.
43/44
Th k f tt ti !Thank you for attention !
44/44