The Survey - Hungary Survey road and rail noise/VTTS & Survey aircraft noise annoyance

The Survey - HungarySurvey road and rail noise/VTTS & Survey aircraft

noise annoyance

HEATCO meeting, Las Palmas, 19-20 January 2006

Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Rita Markovits – SomogyiMSc in Transportation Engineering

PhD student, BUTE

• Survey road and rail noise

• Value of Travel Time Savings (VTTS)

• Survey aircraft noise annoyance

Contents

HEATCO, Las Palmas meeting, 19-20 January 2006.Rita Markovits-Somogyi

The HEATCO project

Survey road/railway noise

www.fotosearch.com


Focus group

The Participants (I.)

Road NoiseLden = 75-80 dB(A)

No NoiseLden = 40-45dB(A)

Lden =45-50dB(A)


The Participants (II.)

Railway NoiseLden = 70-75dB(A)

Road NoiseLden = 65-70dB(A)

and Railway NoiseLden = 70-75dB(A)


The „annoyance question”

• „how did it affect you?” – a small mistake• what does „one year” mean? • road or railway? What if there

is no railway?

Difficulties in understanding


Annoyed?

Lden (dB(A)) Annoyance?

L No noise 40-45 Not at all

K2 No noise 45-50 Not at all

M Road 65-70Railway 70-75

Very

J Railway 70-75 Extremely

P2 Railway 70-75 Extremely

P1 Road 75-80 Very

K1 Road 75-80 Extremely

É Road 75-80 Extremely


The Scenario

• have not heard of anything like that before• how does it work?• what material is it made of? is it not carcinogenic?• they think there are other solutions, so why invent a new?

need more information

Noise absorbing road cover


WTP – Problematic points

• do only those have to pay, who are affected by noise? • do only those pay, who want to pay? (not fair) • is it not incorporated in taxes?

high rate of protest zeros

The payment vehicle

http://mehitabel.tamu.edu/crossroads/images/clipart/money.gif


WTP – Results

http://mehitabel.tamu.edu/crossroads/images/clipart/money.gif

Lden (dB(A)) Annoyance? WTP Remarks

L No noise 40-45 Not at all 0 Ft taxes!

K2 No noise 45-50 Not at all 0 Ft no noise + taxes (car buyers pay)

M Road 65-70Railway 70-75

Very 0 Ft reduce traffic!

J Railway 70-75 Extremely 0 Ft this is no solution

P2 Railway 70-75 Extremely 1000 Ft (4 €)

P1 Road 75-80 Very 0 Ft users should pay

K1 Road 75-80 Extremely 1Ft /month (0.004 €)

3060 Ft(12.24 €)

É Road 75-80 Extremely 0 Ft


High Rate of Zeros

• I do not want to pay, I pay taxes enough,

I pay for it already• if I must pay, I will, but

otherwise…• I will only pay, if everybody else does

The protest zeros The genuines• I am not bothered by noise• I cannot afford to pay• need for reduction at the

source + a new transportation policy• this is only a minor problem


Other Interesting Points

• embedding was detected• it did not occur to the participants that their dwellings could become more valuable • „regulations are not adhered to”• tax: „money down the drain,” the money collected

for this purpose would not be spent on noise mitigation• have the politicians ordered this survey? (mistrust)• tram noise: is it railway noise?


Conclusions of the focus group

• need a more exact „annoyance-question”

• need more information about road cover or several measures instead of just one

• elimination of embedding?

• deal with high rate of protest zeros!

• separate „noise charge” from taxes (and politics)?HEATCO, Las Palmas meeting, 19-20 January 2006.Rita Markovits-Somogyi


www.fotosearch.com


Pilot test

Pilot test

• include feedback about the role of the State (if IP says, the Government should pay all the costs)

• simpler WTP question • include explanation at the end (that the measures will

not be implemented in the near future)

www.fotosearch.com


Changes needed


www.fotosearch.com


Results

Road traffic noise annoyance


0

5

10

15

20

25

Not at all Moderately Extremely

%

How sensitive are you to noise?


• highest percentage of „very sensitive”

• highest percentage of „extremely annoyed”

• AND the highest percent of zero WTP

What are the consequences?


Find it hard to sleep

Sleep with earplugs

Do not open windows asoften…Hard to concentrate(reading/working)Disturbing when watchingTV/listening to radioDisturbing when talking in thephoneGet headaches/migraine

36%4%

61 %

23%

47%

29%

14%

…does not add up to 100%!Road noise

Main reasons for zero WTP


1. Government should pay (64%)

2. I cannot afford to pay (49%)

3. I am not that annoyed by noise that I would pay (41%)

4. I already pay enough charges and taxes (31%)

…do not add up to 100%!

WTP values (road noise)


mean median

Full sample WTP 24 12

Protest 1 34 17

Protest 2 34 17

values in €

• 50 % increase in WTP after removing Protest 1 group • Urban WTP higher in Hungary • WTP increases as annoyance level rises (as expected)

Rail noise annoyance


Not at allModerately

Extremely

RoadRail0

5

10

15

20

25

… as compared to road noise annoyance



…does not add up to 100%!Rail noise44%

3%

55%

25%

70%

47%

10%Find it hard to sleep

Sleep with earplugs

Do not open windows asoften…Hard to concentrate(reading/working)Disturbing when watchingTV/listening to radioDisturbing when talking inthe phoneGet headaches/migraine

WTP values 1.


Road Rail

mean median mean median

Full sample WTP 24 12 36 17

Protest 1 34 17 58 28

Protest 2 34 17 42 20

values in €

• WTP results 50% higher than for road• Explanation could be: people do not pay taxes related

to railway transport

WTP values 2.


„The State should pay”

• Road noise: 57 %• Rail noise: 34 %

There have been some measures to reduce noise:

• Road noise: 4 %• Rail noise: 10 %

Why do you pay?


85121

40

82

42

86

814

0 50 100 150

For myself

For someoneelse in the

family

For the peoplein the street

Other reasonRail

Road

Are you at home on weekdays?


Road Rail

Annoyed Very Extr. Very Extr.

Most weekdays 58 48 52 51

Some weekdays 17 21 41 17

Never 37 24 29 19

Do not know 0 2 0 0

Total 112 95 122 87

Value of Travel Time Savings

www.fotosearch.com

HEATCO, Las Palmas meeting, 19-20 January 2006.Ádám Török

prepared by Ádám Török


197176

5924 12 9 9

115 110

0

50

100

150

200

Bus

Driver

of o

wn or

hou

seh.

..Tra

mM

etro

Walki

ng

Oth

er

Bicycle

Passe

nger

in c

arTra

in

In Hungary people often use public transportation

The journeys to work take approximately 40 minues.

No.

of

resp

onde

nts


Hungary

40,0415,15 24,89 9,53 10,39

05

1015202530354045

Very likely Quite likely Quiteunlikely

Very unlikely I don’t know

[%]

If you were to make the exact same journey to work next week, what do you think would be the chance of experiencing an unexpected delay of 5 minutes or more?


Travel time maximum WTP for a 5 minutes reduction – (percentages)


Travel time maximum WTP for a 10 minutes reduction – (percentages)

Survey aircraft noise annoyance

www.fotosearch.com



• Focus group End of Nov. 2005.

• Pilot test Beginning of Dec. 2005.

• Survey – 1000 sample Beginning of Jan. 2006.

www.fotosearch.com


Schedule

http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/IMZ/IMZ100/sca0001.jpg

Structure

• Version 1. – the „original” one, adapted to a/c noise • Version 2. – noise mitigation offered – but mentioning the EU – to see how it effects the No. of protest zeros• Version 3. – several goods offered – to examine embedding

focus group tests Version 3.

www.fotosearch.com


http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/IMZ/IMZ100/sca0001.jpg


www.fotosearch.com


Focus group

Focus group

Main questions:

• how much are they annoyed/bothered?

• is the scenario plausible? (mentioning EU – any difference?)- air pollution/smog- noise- risk of accidents

• WTP?

to decrease

http://cas.wcu.edu/healths/images/MHS_question-mark.jpg


Participants of the Focus Group

Segment No. Characteristics Lived there for

(years)60 – 65 dB aircraft noise and low ambient noise

3 Male, 44 yrs, university degree, Female, 51 yrs, high school degree

Male, 18 yrs, high school degree

13

20

4

60 – 65 dB aircraft noise and high ambient noise

2 Male, 58 yrs, high school degree

Male, 33 yrs, high school degree

16

6

Aircraft noise lower than 55 dB and low ambient noise

3 Male, 26 yrs, skilled worker

Female, 23 yrs, high school degree

Female, 21 yrs, skilled worker

6

2

4

16 Nov. 2005


How much are you annyoyed by…

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

Kri

sztin

a

Lá

szló

Ró

be

rt

Gá

bo

r

Zo

ltán

Bri

gitt

a

Jud

it

Be

nce

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

Kri

sztin

a

Lá

szló

Ró

be

rt

Gá

bo

r

Zo

ltán

Bri

gitt

a

Jud

it

Be

nce

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

Kri

sztin

a

Lá

szló

Ró

be

rt

Gá

bo

r

Zo

ltán

Bri

gitt

a

Jud

it

Be

nce

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

Kri

sztin

a

Lá

szló

Ró

be

rt

Gá

bo

r

Zo

ltán

Bri

gitt

a

Jud

it

Be

nce

…noise?…air pollution?

…risk of accidents? …vibrations?

Is the scenario plausible?

• Air pollution: effect of road traffic and aircraft noise not distinguishable• Noise:

- noise barrier – rejected - relocation of engines – not plausible- active noise control – good! focus on this

• Accident risk: - distance of tracks

– no problem- recommend: increase

resting time periodshttp://www.dak.hu/images/content/kep_ref_11.jpg


WTP?

• seemingly lower percent of protest zeros (effect of mentioning the EU?, „weight tax”)

• no WTP for accident risks

Noise Air pollution

Ft/year €/year Ft/year €/year

1 500,- 2,- 10 00,- 40,-

2 4000,- 16,- 4000,- 16,-

3 10 000,- 40,- 10 000,- 40,-

4-8 0,- 0,- 0,- 0,-HEATCO, Las Palmas meeting, 19-20 January 2006.Rita Markovits-Somogyi

Further remarks

• „is it really spent on the given cause?”

• does not know such (aviation) organisation which would be reliable (in what they say)

• „no sufficient level of knowledge”

• road traffic – worse problems


http://media.nasaexplores.com/lessons/03-053/images/interview.gif


www.fotosearch.com


Pilot test

Pilot test

• accident risk omitted (no WTP!) (but „are you afraid of aircrafts?” question remains)• include: what do you like/not like about your neighbourhood• emphasize: EU only funds the project if inhabitants

pay their share• regrouping the questions


Changes to the questionnaire

Final Questionnaires

• included questions about the neighbourhood• regrouped the questions:

- pollution- noise- accident risks

• scenario: noise absorbing walls, banning the noisiest a/c, active noise control

• WTP – what is the money really offered for?


Version 1. – the „original” adapted

Final Questionnaires 2.

• „How many persons live in your household?”– children: above 18

• Financial situation – monthly net income in Ft– lower levels of income in the table

• Additional questions – attitude towards air transport – attitude towards environment protection


Version 1. – Socio-economic background


• the EU DG Environment

has launched the project

• EU controls the fund

• project starts only if inhabitants pay their share


Version 2. – Different scenario

http://www.library.uiuc.edu/edx/EU/eurobricks_small.jpg


• the scenario for noise remains the same (mentioning EU)• another scenario added: air pollution

– changes in the fuel components– no fuel release into air– new regulations

• air pollution is by purpose the first good to be offered!• opportunity to change WTP


Version 3. – Two goods offered

The sample

To determine the significance of the following factors:• neighbourhood (city rural area)• income• education• age• attitude towards environment protection


based on the noise map of the airport


www.fotosearch.com


Some preliminary results

Annoyance


0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

Not at all Moderately Extremely

%


…does not add up to 100%!Aircraft noise

2%

25%

64%

46%

15%

30%

33%

22%8%

Find it hard to sleep

Sleep with earplugs

Do not open windows as often…

Hard to concentrate

Disturbing when watchingTV/listening to radioDisturbing when talking

Get headaches/migraine

Palpitation

Other

How sensitive are you to noise?

Aircraft noise


Zero WTP

• Total: – 81 % not willing to pay for noise reduction

• Version „A”: – 82,9% not willing to pay for air pollution reduction– 83,2% not willing to pay for noise reduction

• Version „B”– 77,5% not willing to pay for noise reduction

• Version „C”– 82 % not willing to pay for noise reduction


Main reasons for zero WTP


1. Those who create the noise should pay (43 %)

2. I cannot afford to pay (38 %)

3. The Government should pay (32 %)

4. I am not that annoyed by noise that I would pay (28%)

…do not add up to 100%!

Mean WTPs


Ft €

Total 1419 5.7

Protest 1 3399 13.4

Protest 2 3688 14.8

http://www.ktb.net/~bewier/Budapest.jpg

http://www.kra-page.com/pic/budapest/Budapest%20Citadella%2003.jpg

http://www-cunuke.phys.columbia.edu/JPG/budapest.jpg

Thank you and

http://hungary.visit.pl/www.hungary.visit.pl/img/system/albu/BUD_RoyalPalace1_bg.jpg

greetings from Hungary!

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The Survey - Hungary Survey road and rail noise/VTTS & Survey aircraft noise annoyance

Documents