THE THIRTEEN COLONIES

As the colonies grew in the 1600’s and 1700’s, they became the home to people of many lands. These people brought their own customs and traditions. In time, they shaped these old ways into a new American Culture.

Today we’ll identify their similarities and diff erences

WHAT IS A COLONY?

LandUsually has a desired resourceRuled by a country in another location

MERCANTILISM AND THE TRIANGLE TRADE

WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF MERCANTILISM?

Economic system used by nations to grow wealth for the nation

Seeks to enrich the country by restraining imports and encouraging exports.

Exports- Goods sent to be sold outside the home country

Imports- Goods brought in to be sold from another country

Examples: Triangle Trade Navigation Acts Stamp Act Townshend Acts (Lead, Glass, Tea, Paint) Tea Act Molasses Act Sugar Act

ORGANIZATION OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS

1. Joint Stock Company – self governing colony – operated under shared ownership (like a company… investors pool money together in exchange for a share of the company and profits) Jamestown (invest capital, enjoy returns)

2. Proprietary Colony – owned by wealthy landlords (PA, MD, DE) and nobles, recognized by king

3. Royal Colony – Colony owned by Gov’t… royal governor appointed by king with elected representative assembly (if the king was okay with it) NY, NC (eventually)

IMMIGRANTS TO THE COLONIES

Push – Pull FactorsSpain? – Where?England? – Where?France? – Where?Dutch? – Where?

THE THREE REGIONS

New England

Middle Colonies

Southern Colonies

THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

Rocky soil and short growing seasons.

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

The New England colonies developed an economy based on ship-building, fishing, lumbering, small scale farming, and eventually, industrial manufacturing (factories)

RELIGION IN THE COLONIES

Concept check… What is religion?Why does religion exist?Where have we seen religion in the colonies so far? Roanoke? Jamestown?

THE ANGLICAN CHURCH

“Church of England”

Split from Catholic Church as part of the Protestant Reformation

Henry VIII - Divorce

Church of

England

Hierarchy

What is lacking in England????What if you don’t like the Anglican Church? Dissenters were oppressedCatholics were hatedThe Gov’t was in control of offi cial English

religion!This is what we call a Theocracy… a type of

gov’t where church and gov’t are one. There is only one religion practiced and others are NOT tolerated

Not everyone in England is happy with the Anglican Church

ENGLISH THEOCRACY

PURITANS & PILGRIMS

Pilgrims desired a split from the Church of England

Puritans- Desired reforms in the Church of England

Tried to sail to Virginia but missed badly and ended up in Massachusetts Bay

Very devout

PLYMOUTH COLONY

Established in 1620 by the Pilgrims… Puritan separatists who believed the English Church was too corrupt to be saved.

In 1620, the Pilgrims crossed the Atlantic in the ship the Mayflower to found the Plymouth Colony on the south shore of Massachusetts Bay.

Before they disembarked, the group of about 100 made an agreement called the Mayfl ower Compact.

The settlers agreed to form a government and obey its laws. This idea of self-government would later become one of the founding principles of the United States.

19th Century depiction of Puritans landing at Plymouth Rock

Plymouth ColonyPilgrims 1620MassachusettsMayflower Compact –

direct democracy, social contract

PLYMOUTH COLONY

MAYFLOWER COMPACT, 1620

In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the fi rst colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation , and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offi ces, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience . In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fi fty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620

THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT

Agreement made by the men of the first Plymouth colony, where the majority ruled.

THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT

Created a government based on town meetings, where the majority vote ruled.

An example of Direct Democracy.

Colonists saved by SquantoFirst Thanksgiving

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY

Large Puritan Colony in North America, much larger than Plymouth Colony

Established in 1630 under the leadership of John Winthrop and with Boston as its capital

Settlers believed that they were “A City on a Hill”

PURITANS

Religious movement begun in England by those who wished to purify the Church of England. Puritans believed in a literal interpretation of the Bible and that salvation depended on the will of God and not on observance of rituals.

The Puritans followed the teachings of the theologian John Calvin. They believed that they could prepare for God’s saving grace by leading moral lives, praying devoutly, reading the Bible, and heeding their minister’s sermons.

But not even the most devout could claim salvation as a right and a certainty, for they believed God alone determined who was saved. Salvation depended on the will of God rather than good behavior or adherence to church rules (elected vs. choice).

Puritans came from all ranks of English society, including aristocrats. Most belonged to “the middling sort” –small-property

holders, farmers, shopkeepers, and skilled artisans. Their modest properties put them economically ahead of much of the English population.

Puritanism reinforced the values of thrift, diligence, and morality. Puritans insisted that men honored God by working hard in their occupations. One Puritan explained, “God sent you unto this world as unto a Workhouse, not a Playhouse.

PURITANS

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

New England’s colonial society and government was based on religious standing (the religious leaders were also the political leaders)

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

1) New England communities were closed religious communities.

Everyone went to the same church.

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

2) The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged their belief in the connection between religion and government

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

“Protestant Work Ethic” – Puritans religious beliefs were

closely tied to values of hard work and thrift.

SALEM WITCH TRIALS

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

Roger WilliamsBroke away from Puritans/was banned (for his “dangerous” ideas), forms Rhode Island Colony

Desired “separation of church and state”

Forbade any type of slavery and was friendly to natives (wanted to actually pay them for land!).

THE MIDDLE COLONIES

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware

GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

Average soil quality and average growing seasons.

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

The Middle colonies developed economies based on ship building, small-scale farming, and trading

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Ports in this region such as New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore began to grow as seaports and commercial centers

POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS

New Netherland established by the Dutch in 1650 along the Hudson River.

Established the town of New Amsterdam, but did not defend it well.

POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The British took the colony by force in 1663 and renamed it New York.

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

The Middle Colonies were home to many diverse cultural and religious groups such as Swedes, Germans and Dutch.

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

1) Believed in ideas of religious freedom.

Quakers in Pennsylvania

Catholics in Maryland

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

2) These colonies were chiefly settled by English, Dutch, and German speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity

3) In the Middle Colonies there was a strong belief in religious freedom and religious tolerance

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

4) The Middle colonies had a more flexible society and they began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers

CATHOLICS IN ENGLISH COLONIES

Fled England due to discrimination of Anglicans

Settle in MarylandCatholics will be the most hated religious group in the 13 colonies until well after the American Revolution.

Why might having your government choosing a state religion be bad?

Examples?ISIS? Iran?

SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE

THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

Warm weather, good soil and long growing seasons.

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the Eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

These plantations typically grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, indigo, and rice for export to Britain

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Further inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian mountain foothills (Shenandoah Valley) the economy was based on small scale subsistence farming and hunting and trading

POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Virginia House of Burgesses – Later called the General Assembly.

First elected assembly in the New World

Representative Democracy

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Virginia and Southern colonies had a social structure and government based on family status and the ownership of land

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Large landowners in the Eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society and they maintained an allegiance to the Church of England

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Virginia and the Southern colonies had the closest social ties to England

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Slaveholding elite along the coast vs. subsistence farming lower class in the interior

Leads to problems in the Civil War

Chas vs. the Upstate

QUAKERS

Society of FriendsGeorge Fox – founder

Established numerous congregations1672 – Fox made a pilgrimage to “the north of Carolina”

Shocked by violence of Puritans and PilgrimsSalem Witch Trials

Dominated early Carolina

MORAVIANS

Originated in Czech RepublicStarted as an objection to the Catholic Church

Pacifists – Came to escape war and religious repression

Settled in Winston-Salem Named the land Wachovia

MORAVIANS – BETHABARA, BETHANIA & OLD SALEM

WHY DID PEOPLE RISK LEAVING THEIR HOMELAND TO COME TO NORTH AMERICA?

Economic OpportunityCash Crops (sugar, indigo, tobacco, cotton) Indentured Servants (poor English peasants)

Forced African SlavesPlantation System (large farm system)Middle Passage (slave route to Americas)

Religious Freedom

THE 13 COLONIES

What do they have in common?Self GovernmentLegislatures w/elected members

Governor (elected or appointed by king)

Salutary neglect- King not enforcing strict laws

Compare the governments of the Virginia and Massachusetts colonies. How were they similar? (At least 1 sentence) How were they different? (At least 1 sentence)

Read the following quote and explain how it reflects Puritan values: “God sent you unto this world as unto a Workhouse, not a Playhouse.” (At least 1 sentence)

IN YOUR NOTEBOOK: