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The Thirty Years War• The war begins in 1618 when Protestant
Bohemian nobles toss royal officials out a window.
• Spain, Portugal, Poland, and other Catholic states fought Sweden, the Netherlands, and other Protestant states.
• The war destroyed much of Germany and killed 1/3 of the population.
• In 1648 the Peace of Westphalia was signed. France won, Hapsburgs lost.
• Germany divided for next 200 years.
Hapsburg Austria• The Hapsburgs were
weakened in Europe after the Thirty Years War.
• The Austrian Empire turns toward the East and the weak Empire of the Turks for expansion.
• Maria Theresa takes control of the Hapsburg lands .
• There were many different cultures in the Empire.
Hapsburg Austria• The greatest threat to Austria and Maria
Theresa came from Frederick II of Prussia.
• Frederick II took the rich mining area of Silesia after promising not to bother Maria Theresa.
• The War of the Austrian Succession helps unify Austria and Hungary.
• The Austrians never regain Silesia.
• Joseph II continues many of Maria Theresa’s policies. Enlightened despot/king
Hohenzollern Prussia• The Hohenzollern settled in
Brandenburg-Prussia after taking lands from the church.
• The Hohenzollerns limited the power of the Junkers or German nobles.
• The Prussians set up an efficient army and government.
• Frederick the Great or Frederick II was trained from birth to be a soldier.
Hohenzollern, Prussia• Frederick II took the rich mining area of
Silesia after promising not to bother Maria Theresa.
• The War of the Austria Succession helps unify Austria and Hungary.
• Two great rivalries existed in Europe Prussia vs. Austria and France vs. England.
• By 1750 the great powers of Europe were Austria, Prussia, France, England, and Russia.
The Monarchs of Eastern and Central Europe• Russia was the most
populous and largest country in Europe.
• It also was the poorest
• After the death of Ivan the Terrible there was unrest in Russia.
• The Birth of the Romanov Dynasty, with Michael.
Peter the Great• Peter I or Peter the Great
was 6’9” and saw the future of Russia in the West.
• Peter wanted a warm water port for Russia.
• Peter organized the army and fought the Turks and Swedes.
• Peter placed a tax on beards, and the birth of babies.
Catherine the Great• Catherine the Great’s,
Husband was murdered, so she took over the throne.
• Catherine was a supporter of the Arts and Science.
• Her foreign policy was to expand Russia.
• Catherine won a warm weather port for Russia in the Sea of Azov, and took a large portion of Poland.
The Partition of Poland• Russia, Prussia, and Austria divide up Poland in the 1770s.• Austria a lifelong ally of Great Britain sides with France. They switched sides.