What would you think if you saw this ad in the newspaper?
Russia› Czar Nicholas II lost power due to entering the
War and losing popularity› Vladimir I. Lenin saw a good opportunity to
jump in Him and his followers (Bolsheviks) took power Started to put all privately owned businesses under
the power of the Government
› 1918 Civil War broke out and Lenin’s forces “reds” fought against the “Whites”( former landowners, government officials, army leaders)
Lenin made communism the official ideology of the Soviet Union› The government owned all land and
property› A single political party controlled the
government › No Individual rights› Government vowed to spread Communism
to other places
Schenck V. U.S.› Justification to silence free
speech if when there is a “clear and present danger”
Palmer Raids› Targeted communist,
anarchist, and socialist› Jailed thousands of people
500 immigrants were deported
› Police raids on Communist headquarters-without warrants People afraid to speak
openly
NW Europe and Scandinavia
Eastern and Southern Europe
Other Countries
Country Quota Country Quota Country Quota
Germany 51,227 Poland 5,982 Africa (other than Egypt)
1,100
Great Britain 34,007 Italy 3,845 Armenia 124
Ireland 28,567 Czech. 3,073 Australia 121
Sweden 9,561 Russia 2,248 Palestine 100
Norway 6,453 Yug. 671 Syria 100
Total # 142,483 Total # 18,439 Total # 3,745
Total (%) 86.5 Total % 11.2 Total (%) 2.3
Who Was Shut Out?: Immigration Quotas, 1925–1927
Sacco and Vanzetti› Two Italian anarchists who were executed
in 1927 for murder despite protests from within and outside the U.S. that anti-immigrant attitudes prejudiced their trial.
KKK> against everything un- American Prohibition> 18th Amendment (1919) Americans Act
Some Americans believed Communists were behind strikes› 1919 food prices and rents were high by
1920 double of that before the War Boston Police strike
› Strike by police officers because 19 officers were fired for joining the AFL>no police protection in Boston Ended by mayor Coolidge- national hero
Union memberships decreased by over 1 million because of the strikes
Dow Now1- How did people feel about
communism within the United States?
2- What were the Palmer Raids?
3- Who were Sacco and Vanzetti? What happened to them?
1920- Election Warren G. Harding elected President-Coolidge elected VP› 1st election with women voters ( since the
passing of the 19th amendment) Isolationism- avoidance of political or
economic alliances with foreign countries› No future attempt to join League of Nations
Disarmament- prevention of future wars. A program to get nations of the world to voluntarily give up their weapons.› Several major nations signed treaties limiting
the size of their navies
Restrictions on Immigrants› Quota's were set on immigrants to lower the
amount of immigrants in to the country (Nativist feeling in U.S.
“Trickle-Down”- theory› Congress cut taxes on higher incomes with the
belief that the money would trickle –down to the lower incomes
Corruption in Harding’s Administration› Teapot Dome Scandal (Secretary of the interior
Albert Fall sent to jail for taking bribes for oil reserves- Harding did not know of he corruption)
Harding passed away form a Heart attack in office on August 2, 1923
Pro-Business- “The business of the American people is business”› Believed that government should not interfere
with business (Laissez – Faire) Isolationism continued left to Secretary of
State, Frank B. Kellogg› Kellogg-Briand Pact- 15 nations agreed not to
use War as a threat when dealing with one another
Coolidge did not run for office again and instead Hoover was elected in 1928
What technological advances do you recall being introduced thus far in your life? › How do you use these items in your
everyday life?
Production of goods in the U.S. increased 25% between 1921 and 1928› The use of electrically powered equipment
was partly responsible› Scientific management: employers would
systematically study the performance of their workers in order to find ways to increase efficiency
Henry Ford › Revolutionized the automobile industry
Used the assembly line, where workers stood at their work station and did a simple task to help build a car-increased production
› 1920’s- 9 million automobiles New mobility for people Growth of suburbs
Music› The Jazz age
Blend of West African rhythms, black work songs and spirituals , minstrel songs, and European harmonies
The Harlem Renaissance › Artists who produced numerous works of
creativity that came out of NYC- Harlem Inspired by Jazz Age Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes
Movies› Motion pictures began to emerge in the 1920’s
Started out as silent films with subtitles October6, 1927-first movie, The Jazz Singer Hollywood became the movie capital of the world Charlie Chaplin, Clara Dow, John Barrymore, Lillian
Gish
Radio › By the end of the 1920’s, 1 in every 3 homes
had a radio Broadcasted results of presidential elections,
debates, the burying of the “unknown solider”, sporting event, news reports, music, comedy series
Heroes and Fads› The radio helped to create heroes and fads
Charles A. Lindbergh- May1927- first to fly nonstop across the Atlantic
Babe Ruth hitting 60 homeruns in one season
The fads of crossword puzzles, sitting on top of flagpoles for days
Art› New about abstract art
Pablo Picasso-painted geometric figures 1929- Museum of Modern Art in NYC opened
to display art Georgia O’Keeffe- Painted landscape and
skyscrapers
What new means of media came about in the 1920s?
What was a random fad of the 1920s? How did Henry Ford change the
assembly line?
The Lost The Lost GenerationGeneration
- Disillusionment following World War I, Disillusionment following World War I, particularly among veterans, artists, and particularly among veterans, artists, and intellectualsintellectuals
- Americans became obsessed with - Americans became obsessed with materialism and Consumerism as a materialism and Consumerism as a modern lifestyle of _____, _____, modern lifestyle of _____, _____, games, ______, running water, indoor games, ______, running water, indoor plumbing, roads, cars, ______, and plumbing, roads, cars, ______, and mass media exploded. Due to economic mass media exploded. Due to economic wealth a interest in leisure time events wealth a interest in leisure time events developed.developed.
- Authors such as Ernest Hemingway, F. - Authors such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald believed they were lost Scott Fitzgerald believed they were lost in a greedy world that lacked moral in a greedy world that lacked moral valuesvalues
4 million men discharge from Armed forces- 5 million unemployed› Factories shut down> fewer jobs› Consumers spent money on goods that
were now available because the war was over
Speakeasies- illegal bars that flourished in the cities
Women’s role changing- Flappers
1920's lifestyle
End of the 1920’s= start of an economic slowdown
Election of 1928› Herbert Hoover (Rep.) vs. Al Smith (Dem.)
Hoover believed in “rugged individualism”- problems will be solved by your own efforts- NO GOV’T INTERVENTION
Smith= GOV’T intervention Hoover won easily because people had the
false notion that everything would be prosperous forever
Get-Rich-Quick Theory › Buy stock or land- buy low, sell high› People could buy on margin- loan from stock
broker to buy stock People made profits from stocks-attracted more
speculators
› Stock prices rose so high that no one bought› 10/24/29- people began to sell
Brokers make margin calls- ask for loans to be repaid Caused more people to sell to pay back their loans
› 10/29/29- all selling no buying- need to pay back loans
› Stock Market Crash! People lost ; banks and businesses closed
Magazine Project
7 groups = Women, Prohibition, Technology, Red Scare, Sports, Consumerism/Buying on Credit, Music/Movies/Fads
Design a page or two for a magazine that would have been seen during the 1920’s
Be Creative› Use factual text and pictures