The “Virtuous Republic” Classical view of a model re public “City on a hill” [John Wi nthrop] Ideal citizen [Cinc innat us] 1. Govt. gets its authority from the citizens. 2. A selfless, educated citizenry. 3. Elections should be frequent. 4. Govt. should guarantee individual rights & freedoms. 5. Govt.’s power should be limited [checks & balances]. 6. The need for a written Constitution. 7. “E Pluribus Unum.” [“Out of many, one”] 8. An important role for women raise good, virtuous citizens. [“Republican Womanhood”]. Enlightenment Thinking
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The“VirtuousRepublic”
The“VirtuousRepublic”
Classical view of
a model republic
Classical view of
a model republic
“City on a hill”
[John W
inthrop]
“City on a hill”
[John W
inthrop]Ideal citizen
[Cincinnatus]
Ideal citizen
[Cincinnatus]
1. Govt. gets its authority from the citizens.
2. A selfless, educated citizenry.
3. Elections should be frequent.
4. Govt. should guarantee individual rights & freedoms.
5. Govt.’s power should be limited [checks & balances].
6. The need for a written Constitution.
7. “E Pluribus Unum.” [“Out of many, one”]
8. An important role for women raise good, virtuous citizens.[“Republican Womanhood”].
Enlightenment
Thinking
Enlightenment
Thinking
Daniel Shays
Shays’ Rebellion Springfield, Mass. 1786-87
Federalist vs. Anti-FederalistFederalist vs. Anti-FederalistStrongholds at the End of the Strongholds at the End of the
WarWar
Weaknesses of theWeaknesses of theArticles of Articles of
ConfederationConfederationA unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law].
13 out of 13 to amend.
Representatives were frequently absent.
Could not tax or raise armies.
No executive or judicial branches.
State ConstitutionsState ConstitutionsRepublicanism.
Most had strong governors with veto power.
Most had bicameral legislatures.
Property required for voting.
Some had universal white male suffrage.
Most had bills of rights.
Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.
Disputed Territorial ClaimsDisputed Territorial ClaimsBetween Spain & the U. S.:Between Spain & the U. S.:
1783-17961783-1796
State Claims to Western State Claims to Western LandsLands
Northwest Ordinance of Northwest Ordinance of 17851785
The United States in The United States in 17871787
James Madison “Father of the Constitution”
One of the authors of The Federalist Papers
Ben Franklin - Champion of Compromise
Articles I, II, III
• Article I - Bicameral Congress – Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, Connecticut Plan(Great Compromise)
• Article II – Executive – electoral college, impeachment, no term limit
• Article III – Judiciary – shortest article, only Supreme Court mentioned
• Slavery – 3/5 clause
Constitutional Convention - Philadelphia 1787
Those in attendance included Madison, Franklin, Washington, Hamilton. Those not attending included Jefferson, Henry, J. Adams.
