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The Will of God in MassachusettsI. Apples and Oranges: New England and the ChesapeakeII. English CalvinismIII. The Puritan Community: the “Visible Saints”IV. The Tension Within Terms:
Calvinism“Election”Visible Saints“Modell of Christian CharityJohn Winthrop
Themes:
1) The Puritans believed themselves always subject to the unalterable and foreordained will of God.
2) This gave them their sense of community and their arrogance. It was also the cause of their deepest insecurities.
3) This has had a long-term effect on American religion.
English Calvinism
John (Jean) Calvin, 1509-1564
T.U.L.I.P.
Geneva Bible, 1560 (first printed in England 1575)
King James Bible, 1611
Puritans at Work
John Donne, 1572-1631
The Puritan Community:Settlement
Puritan Migration
John Winthrop, 1587/8 – 1649
Governor of Massachusetts 13 times
The Puritans’ Arrival
Main Towns of New England, ca. 1650
The Puritan Community: Maintaining the “City On a Hill”
Harvard, 1636
John Harvard, 1607-1638
Bay Psalm Book, first book published in North
America, 1640
Bay Psalm Book
“Old Ship” Meeting House, Hingham, MA, 1681
The Sermon: The Most Common Form of Puritan
Intellectual Activity
Portrait of Increase Mather
(1639-1723)
Pastor, North Church and President of
Harvard
Richard Mather, 1596-1669
Arrived in Boston, 1635. Minister in Dorchester until his death.
Cotton Mather, 1663-1728
The Will of God and the Indians
The Puritans’ Arrival: They Landed in a Place Depleted by Disease
Seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Indian village surrounded by a stockade.
Pequot Massacre,
1637
Massacre of the Pequots at Mystic, May 26, 1637. Only 14 out of 600-700 survived.
The Failure of the Puritan Community
I. The Consciousness of Sin- The Spiritual Journal of John Barnard (1654-1732)
II. The Impossibility of a City on a Hill1) The Presence of Sin: The True and False Principles of Trade (1639)2) Compromises with the World: a) The Halfway Covenant b) Sumptuary Laws
III. Land, Class and Community
Terms:
John Barnard Sumptuary Laws“Spiritual Milk for American Babes” (1646)True & False Principles of Trade (1639)Halfway Covenant (1662)
Themes:
1) Puritans lived with tremendous inner tension. The consciousness of sin always battled with the aspiration toward grace.
2) Their perfect community was doomed to failure. Human imperfections and growing social tensions made it impossible to sustain.
The Tension Within
John Cotton, Spiritual Milk for American Babes (1646) reflects the inner anxieties of Puritanism
John Cotton, 1585-1652
The Spiritual Journal of John Barnard
Cotton Mather, 1663-1728
His worthiness to receive the Lord’s
Supper was a prime concern of Cotton
Mather’s parishioner John Barnard (1654-
1732)
The Impossibility of Puritan Community
"forced worship stinks in God's nostrils“ –
Roger Williams.
Williams arrived in Massachusetts in 1631
and was in exile in Rhode Island by 1636
True & False Principles
Solomon Stoddard’s House, Northampton
Stoddard was a major supporter of the Halfway Covenant
Sumptuary Laws Attempted to Control How Puritans Dressed
Community and Land
Within a few generations competition for land undermined the early sense of community.
The Savage Family, a 1779 painting by the New England painter Edward Savage