The WMO Space Programme

An Introduction toMeteorological Satellite

First TIROS-1ImageApril 1,

1960The

beginning of the

weather satellite

era

Canada

Nova Scotia

53+ Years LaterSatellites provide high resolution

digital data from a variety of spectral bands whereby both qualitative and quantitative

information about the atmosphere, clouds, and land and sea surface properties are deduced

Meteorological satellites provide essential data for

weather forecasting to national weather services

across the globe

WMO space-based system of the Global Observing System

Unparalleled international cooperation has been achieved in satellite activities

EUMETSAT contribution

Operational satellites and EUMETSAT’s contribution

FY-2A(CHINA)86.5°E

Meteosat-8 (EUMETSAT)0° Longitude

Meteosat-6(EUMETSAT)67°E

GOMS(RUSSIA)76°E

INSAT(INDIA)93.5°E

FY-1D(CHINA)

NOAA(USA)

METEOR(RUSSIA)

GOES-9 JAPAN(USA)155°E

Meteosat-7(EUMETSAT)57°E

KALPANA-1(INDIA)74°E

MTSAT-1R(JAPAN)140°E

Meteosat-9 (EUMETSAT)0° Longitude

GOES-W(USA)135°W

GOES-E(USA)75°W

GOES-N(USA)90°W

Metop-A(EUMETSAT)

Jason-2(NASA-NOAACNES-EUM)

Status of the space-based component GOS

Standing members• operational satellite operators, e.g. NOAA, EUMETSAT

Recent new members (R&D), e.g.• NASA – Aqua, Terra, NPP, TRMM, QuickScat • ESA – ERS 1 and 2, ENVISAT• FSA –METEOR 3M N1 (R&D inst), OKEAN series• CNES – Jason-1, SPOT-5• IMD – INSAT series

Possible future members

Meteosat Series

• Operational history Meteosat First Generation:

• Meteosat-1 1977-October 1979 *

• Meteosat-2 1981-1991

• Meteosat-3 1988-1995

• Meteosat-4 1989-1995

• Meteosat-5 1991-2007

• Meteosat-6 1993-2006

• Meteosat-7 1997-2013

* Due to a radiometer problem the imaging stopped and the satellite was only used for data dissemination

Meteosat Series

Operational history of Meteosat Second Generation :

• Meteosat-8 2003-2006 (MSG-1)

• Meteosat-9 2006- 2014 (MSG-2)

METEOSAT-1 to 7Meteosat First Generation (MFG)

Vis & IR Imager

3 Spectral Channels

Images every 30 Minutes

5 km horizontal ‘Sampling Distance’

VIS-Channel 2.5 km

Channels of First Generation METEOSAT

VIS, IR & WV channelsof Meteosat First Generation

IODC – Meteosat First Generation (Meteosat-6/7)

MeteosatVIS Image

MeteosatIR Image

MeteosatWV Image

Image every 30 minutes

EUMETSAT’s geostationary satellite coverage

0 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 18020406080100120140160 20

60 S

0

60 NIODC

Meteosat-9 (0°)

Meteosat-8 (3.5°E)

Meteosat-7 (57°E)

Meteosat-6 (67°E)

IODC – Indian Ocean Data Coverage

SEVIRI radiometer12 channels every 15 minutes

Ch 1 - VIS 0.6 Ch 2 - VIS 0.8 Ch 3 - NIR 1.6 Ch 4 - IR 3.9

Ch 5 - WV 6.2 Ch 6 - WV 7.3 Ch 7 - IR 8.7 Ch 8 - IR 9.7

Ch 9 - IR 10.8 Ch 10 - IR 12.0 Ch 11 - IR 13.4 Ch 12 - HRV

EARTH VIEW FROM

METEOSAT-9 and METEOSAT-7

Channel Main Surface Properties (cloudfree areas, NADIR viewing)

01 (VIS 0.6) surface reflectivity (albedo) at 0.6 m

02 (VIS 0.8) surface reflectivity (albedo) at 0.8 m, "greeness" of vegetation

03 (NIR 1.6) surface reflectivity (albedo) at 1.6 m

04 (IR 3.9) Day-time: surface temperature, surface reflectivity (albedo)at 3.9 m, surface emissivity

Night-time: surface temperature, surface emissivity05 (WV 6.2) upper-level moisture

06 (WV7.3) mid-level moisture

07 (IR 8.7) surface temperature, surface emissivity, humidity

08 (IR9.7) surface temperature, ozone content

09 (IR 10.8) surface temperature

10 (IR 12.0) surface temperature, humidity

11 (IR13.4) surface temperature, lapse rate between surface and 800 hPa

12 (HRV) surface reflectivity (albedo, broadband 0.4 - 1.1 m)

MSG SEVIRI Channels

Channel Main Cloud Physical Properties (for Cb clouds, NADIR viewing)

01 (VIS 0.6) optical thickness, amount of cloud water and ice

02 (VIS 0.8) optical thickness, amount of cloud water and ice

03 (NIR 1.6) optical thickness, particle size & shape, phase

04 (IR 3.9) Day-time: top temperature, particle size & shape, phaseNight-time: top temperature (very noisy below -50°C)

05 (WV 6.2) top temperature, WV content in stratosphere

06 (WV7.3) top temperature, WV content in stratosphere

07 (IR 8.7) top temperature

08 (IR9.7) top temperature

09 (IR 10.8) top temperature

10 (IR 12.0) top temperature

11 (IR13.4) top temperature

12 (HRV) optical thickness, amount of cloud water and ice

MSG SEVIRI Channels

05 (WV 6.2) top temperature, WV content in troposphere

06 (WV7.3) top temperature, WV content in troposphere

Channel Diff. Main Cloud Physical Properties

IR8.7 - IR10.8 Day/Night: optical thickness, phase

IR10.8 - IR12.0 Day/Night: optical thickness

NIR1.6 - VIS0.6 Day: phase (ice index), particle size

IR3.9 - IR10.8 Day: particle size

Night: particle size (only for warm clouds)

WV6.2 - IR10.8 Day/Night: overshooting tops

MSG SEVIRI Channels

Most useful channels and combinationsTC Gonu, 4 June 2007 08:00UTC

day only

24 hours

20

• IR10.8 to get info on cloud top temperature/height• HRVIS to see detailed structures• NIR1.6 and IR3.9 (solar component) to get information on

phase and particle size• IR3.9 - IR10.8 to find areas with most intense

development/precipitation• RGB 01/03/09 (Day) or RGB 01/04/09 (Day) and RGB 10-

09/09-04/09 (Night) to monitor cloud types and convective development

• RGB 05-06/04-09/03-01 to monitor convective development

Monitoring of Tropical Cyclones Using MSG