SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

“THERMAL POWER PLANT”

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

DEPARTMENT OF CHANDRA VEER SINGH

MECHANICAL ENGG. (AICE) ID:-11ME022

ANANDINTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Contents Classification of power plants

Introduction of thermal power plant

Working principle

Power plant layout

Main and auxiliary Equipment's

Advantages , disadvantages and limitations

Choice of site for thermal plants

Thermal power plants in Rajasthan

Reference

Classification of power stations By fuels Fossil fuel power stations, nuclear power plants, geothermal

power plants,biomass power plants,

By prime mover Steam turbine plants, gas turbine plants, combined

cycle plants,

Introduction

A thermal power plant converts the heat energy of coal

into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in boiler which

converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in

turbine produces mechanical power which drives the

alternator coupled to the turbine.

Steam power plants contribute about 65% of total

electrical energy generated in India.

Working on Rankine cycle

Layout of steam power plant:

comprises of following

circuits:

Coal and ash circuit

Air and gas circuit

Feed water and steam flow circuit

Cooling water circuit

Main and auxiliary Equipment :

Coal handling plant

Pulverizing plant

Draft fans

Boiler

Ash handling plant

Turbine

Condenser

Cooling tower and ponds

Feed water heater

Economizer

Superheater and reheater

Air preheater

Coal handling process

Coal is transported to power station by rail or

road and stored in coal storage plant and then

pulverized.

Mine

m

Main

storage

yard

trucks

truck

hopper

(crusher)

m

storage

tank mboiler m

ash

tank

Ash handling plant

The ash from the boiler is collected in two forms-

1 Bottom ash(slurry): it's a waste which is dumped into

ash pond

2 fly ash: fly ash is separated from flue gases in esp.

Flow chart of Ash Handling:

Pulverizing plant

In modern thermal power plant, coal is pulverized i.e. ground to dust like

size and carried to the furnace in a stream of hot air. Pulverizing is a

means of exposing a large surface area to the action of oxygen and

consequently helping combustion.

Pulverizing process consists 3 stages classified as:

1. Feeding

2. Drying

3. Grinding

Boiler

The function of boiler is to generate steam at desired pressure and temperature by transfering heat produced by burning of fuel in a furnace to change water into steam.

The boiler is fed with HFO and LDO initially to ignite the coal in boiler.

Types of boiler

a. Water tube boiler

b. Fire tube boiler

TURBINE

In thermal power plants generally 3 turbines

are used to increases the efficiency.

1. high pressure turbine

2. intermediate pressure turbine

3. low pressure turbine

condenser

The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat

exchanger where cooling water flows through

tubes and exhaust steam fed into the shell

surrounds the tubes. as a result, steam

condense outside the tubes

Cooling tower and ponds

A condenser needs huge quantity of water to condense

the steam.

Most plants use cooled cooling system where warm

water coming from condenser is cooled and reused

Cooling tower is a steel or concrete hyperbolic structure

with the height of 150m.

Feed water heater

ADVANTGES

1. Feed water heating improves overall plant efficiency.

2. The dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide which known

as Deaeration.

3. Thermal stresses due to cold water entering the

boiler drum are avoided.

4. Quantity of steam produced by the boiler is increased.

Economizer Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat. An economizer

extracts a part of this heat from flue gases and uses it for heating feed

water.

Advantages

1. Saving coal consumption and higher boiler efficiency

Air preheater The function of air preheaters is to preheat the

air before entering to the furnace by utilizing

some of the energy left in the flue gases before

exhausting them to the atmosphere

Advantages and disadvantages

Selection parameters of

power plant

Supply of fuel

Availability of water

Transportation facilities

Type of land on the site

Nearby to load centers

Distance from populated area

limitations Generally The power plant limitations must be established so that

they do not exceed the corresponding limits for which the engines

or propellers are type certificated

Takeoff operation. The power plant takeoff operation must be

limited by—

1. The maximum rotational speed (rpm);

2. The maximum allowable manifold pressure (for reciprocating

engines);

3. The maximum allowable gas temperature (for turbine engines)

Continuous operation.

Fuel grade or designation. The minimum fuel grade (for

reciprocating engines), or fuel designation (for turbine engines),

must be established so that it is not less than that required for the

operation of the engines within the limitations .

Thermal plants in Rajasthan

Kota thermal power plant

Suratgarh super thermal power plant

Giral lignite thermal power plant

Chhabra thermal power station

Kalisindh thermal power project

Ramgarh gas thermal power station

Dholpur combined cycle power station

Kota thermal power plant

Sanction of schemes

Stage Unit No. Capacity(MW)Synchronizing

Date

Cost(Rs.Cror

e)

I 1 110 17.1.1983 143

2 110 13.7.1983

II 3 210 25.9.1988 480

4 210 1.5.1989

III 5 210 26.3.1994 480

IV 6 195 31.7.2003 635

V 7 195 30.5 2009 880

Suratgarh super thermal power plant

It has generation capacity of 1500 mw and installed

with 6 units of 250mw each

It is coal based thermal station

Coal is received from coal fields of MP, Jharkhand

Water is received from Indira Gandhi canal

SANCTION OF SCHEMES

Stage Unit No. Capacity(MW) Cost(Rs.Crore)

I I & II 2x250 2300

II III & IV 2X250 2057

III V 1X250 753

IV VI 1X250 1117

TOTAL 6227

Giral lignite thermal power plant

giral lignite power plant of RVUNL has two lignite fired

turbines. the fuel for the plant is from the mines near

by giral. the fuel is supplied by rsmml, giral mines

barmer. lime is also supplied by rsmml. lignite cost is

nearly Rs 700/- (almost nearby) per ton. this is the first

plant of the country which is using lime with lignite to

control sox level. it was developed in 2 stages.

SANCTION OF SCHEMES

Stage Unit

Number

Installed

Capacity

(MW)

Date of

Commissi

oning

Status COD

Stage I 1 125 February

2007

Running 18

Dec.

2011

Stage II 2 125 December

, 2008

Running 12

March

2011

Chhabra thermal power station

It is located at Chowki Motipura (Village) of tehsil

CHHABRA in RAJASTHAN's BARAN district . The planned

capacity of power plant is 2650MW at the end of 12th

Five year plan

The first and second unit at Chhabra super thermal

power plant was set up at a cost of Rs2,350 crore.

Chhabra is all set to become a power generation hub in

the state as in the second phase two more units with a

capacity of 250 MW each will be installed.

SANCTION OF SCHEMES

Phase Unit No. Capacity(MW) Cost(Rs.Crore)

I I & II 2x250 2820

II III & IV 2X250 2991

Kalisindh thermal power project

Kalisindh Thermal Power Station is located 12 km away

from Jhalawar town in Jhalawar district. The power

plant is operated by Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan

Nigam Ltd .

Source of water for the plant is from Kalisindh Dam near

village Bhanwarasi. And coal for the plant will be

sourced from Paras east and Kanta basin coal blocks in

chatisgarh state.

Its chimney has a height of 275 metres. The two cooling

towers of the facility are 202 metres tall and the tallest

in the world.

SANCTION OF SCHEMES

Stage Unit

Number

Installed

Capacity

(MW)

Date of

Commissi

oning

Status

Stage I 1 600 1998 Running

Stage I 2 600 2014 May

expected

under

construct

ion

Ramgarh gas thermal power

station It has an installed capacity of 220 MW

Stage Unit

Number

Installed

Capacity

(MW)

Turbine

type

Date of

Commissio

ning

Status

1 1 35.5 Gas

Turbine

1996

January

Running

2 2 37.5 Gas

Turbine

2002

August

Running

2 3 37.5 Steam

Turbine

2003 April Running

3 4 110 Steam

Turbine

2013

March

Running

Operational Performance of Plant

Particulars2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

Gross Generation (LU)3611

.392

4356

.209

4041

.440

4141

.153

3486

.782

3539

.44

3028

.85

5367

.94

4979

.06

Plant Load Factor (%)37.3

0%

45.0

0%

41.7

5%

42.7

8%

36.0

0%

36.5

7%

31.2

9%

55.3

0%

51.4

4%

Aux. Power Consumption (LU)241.

28

311.

662

268.

179

551.

61

333.

116

279.

029

161.

452

95.7

96

90.2

45

Gas Consumption(SCM)

2196

7105

7

2383

6464

7

2404

8250

8

2488

7577

3

2097

8202

1

2136

3529

8

1834

8182

5

2971

5109

0

2730

1221

3

Dholpur combined cycle power station It has an installed capacity of 330 MW

StageUnit

Number

Installed

Capacity

(MW)

Turbine

type

Date of

Commissioni

ng

Status

1 1 110 Gas Turbine 2007 MarchRunnin

g

1 2 110 Gas Turbine 2007 JuneRunnin

g

1 3 110Steam

Turbine

2007

December

Runnin

g

References

1. http://nptl.iitm.ac/courses/108104013

2.http:// Wikipedia.com

3.Madhava Row T.S.,power system production-static

Relay; McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2nd Edition,21st

reprint,2008

4.Publisher;S Chand & Co 2005!!ISBN:812192460

:pdf!11MB