Thursday, October 2, 2014

Take Out:

• Writing utensil• Notes

Homework: Worksheet – Suleyman

Coming Up – Quiz on Wednesday!

- Age of Exploration & Ottoman Empire info

Today

• Islam & Ottoman Empire

Islam & the Ottoman Empire

World Map - 1600

Vocabulary

• Islam – the religion– literally, means submission or peace– Monotheistic religion

• Muslim – one who follows Islam• Allah – God

– Arabic word

• Qu’ran – Holy book– sometimes spelled in English as Koran – means

recitation

Vocabulary

• Hadiths – the record of Mohammed’s sayings and deeds

• Shariah – Islamic Law – Muslims must follow (but in reality only a small

percentage of Muslims practice complete Shariah)

• Caliph – successor• Pillar – belief

– There are five pillars of Islam

What is Islam?

• Monotheistic religion (one god)

• Hundreds of years old• Islam is practiced by 1/5

of the world’s population

What is Islam?

• What do Muslims believe?– Peace, mercy, forgiveness– One, Unique, Incomparable God– God’s complete authority over human destiny

and in life after death– Prophet Muhammad and angel Gabriel

Who Was Muhammad?• Born in 570

• First supernatural visit in 575

• Known for his truthfulness, generosity and sincerity– sought after to arbitrate disputes

• Calm and meditative

• Was content with his ordinary life, but that all changed one day…

Muhammad

• Gabriel, an angel, began speaking to Muhammad in a cave at the Mountain of Light

• Gabriel’s Revelation lasted for 23 years

• This is known as the Quran

Muhammad

• Muhammad began preaching in public to strangers in the streets in 613– Makkahn authorities saw this as a threat– Muhammad had to hide in his uncle’s castle

Muhammad• Muhammad escaped to Medina (“City of

the Prophet”) to avoid persecution– Called the Hijra

• Occurred in 622, which marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar

• 2014 = 1435–1436 AH

Muhammad

• Muhammad died in 632

• Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s best friend, became the first caliph

Message of Islam

• Five pillars of Islam:– Faith– Prayer– Fasting

• (month of Ramadan)

– Charity– Pilgrimage

• (Hajj – annual pilgrimage to Mecca)

Message of Islam

• Monotheism

• Allah (Arabic name for God)

• Qu’ran

• People are responsible for their actions

• Recognize no official priests

Ottoman Empire

• By 1300 a small Turkish state grew powerful– Became an

immense empire stretching across three continents

Ottoman Empire• First leader: Osman

– Westerners called him Othman– Called his followers Ottomans– Empire became known as Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

• Second leader: Osman’s son Orkhan– Declared himself sultan – “one with power”– Expanded empire

Ottoman Empire• Kept expanding under Orkhan’s sons

Ottoman Empire

• 1512, Ottoman Empire includes Islam’s holy cities– Mecca– Medina– Cairo (intellectual center of Muslim world)

Ottoman Empire

• Ottoman Empire – peak size and grandeur under Suleyman the Lawgiver– 1520-1566

Ottoman Empire - decline

• After? Slow decline due to incompetent leaders

Essential Question

What is Islam?

How did the Islamic Empire expand?

Expansion of the Islamic Empire