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Emission System Emission System Nite-Hawk Raptor - Isuzu NPR Nite-Hawk Raptor - Isuzu NPR
Diesel Diesel
Why Complex Emission Why Complex Emission Systems?Systems?
May 2004, EPA signed new rules regulating diesel emission May 2004, EPA signed new rules regulating diesel emission standards - to be phased-in over 2006-2014 (categorized in Tiers standards - to be phased-in over 2006-2014 (categorized in Tiers 1-4) 1-4)
Per this directive, 85% of nitrogen oxides must be removed from Per this directive, 85% of nitrogen oxides must be removed from diesel engine exhaust compared to earlier systemsdiesel engine exhaust compared to earlier systems
Why Complex Emission Why Complex Emission Systems?Systems?
May 2004, EPA signed new rules regulating diesel emission standards - May 2004, EPA signed new rules regulating diesel emission standards - to be phased-in over 2006-2014 (categorized in Tiers 1-4) to be phased-in over 2006-2014 (categorized in Tiers 1-4)
Per this directive, 85% of nitrogen oxides must be removed from diesel Per this directive, 85% of nitrogen oxides must be removed from diesel engine exhaust compared to earlier systemsengine exhaust compared to earlier systems
Tier 1-2 standards were met by improved engine and fuel control Tier 1-2 standards were met by improved engine and fuel control systemssystems
Tier 3 standards were met by implementation of Diesel Particulate Tier 3 standards were met by implementation of Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) System, effective on 2007 and forward modelsFilter (DPF) System, effective on 2007 and forward models
Tier 4 standards are met by adding a Selective Catalytic Reduction Tier 4 standards are met by adding a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System, effective 2011 and forward models(SCR) System, effective 2011 and forward models
Emission System – How Emission System – How It WorksIt Works
Exhaust system routes first through a Diesel Particulate Filter Exhaust system routes first through a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)(DPF)
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is injected into exhaust streamDiesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is injected into exhaust stream The heat of the exhaust turns the DEF into ammonia gas, water The heat of the exhaust turns the DEF into ammonia gas, water
vapor and carbon dioxide vapor and carbon dioxide In the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Assembly, ammonia In the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Assembly, ammonia
gas transforms the exhaust’s nitrogen oxide (NOx) into harmless gas transforms the exhaust’s nitrogen oxide (NOx) into harmless nitrogen gas, and is exhausted to atmosphere.nitrogen gas, and is exhausted to atmosphere.
Emission System – ComponentsEmission System – Components
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
• Located at vehicle centerline (adjacent to driveshaft)• Traps “smoke and solid particulates” in filter, which are cleaned / burned off during a Regeneration Cycle
• Regeneration occurs by controlled regulation of fuel flow to engine - this increases exhaust temperatures, which will burn off trapped particulate matter
Emission System - Emission System - ComponentsComponents
Diesel Exhaust Fluid
• Reservoir located on driver side (between curb broom and head). • Injector located on passenger side, next to the rear of the DPF• DEF is a combination of Purified Water (70%) and Urea (30%)• DEF is injected into the exhaust stream, (downstream of DPF, upstream of SCR) – the heat of the exhaust turns DPF into ammonia gas and water vapor
DEF Injector
DEF Reservoir
Emission System - ComponentsEmission System - Components
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
• Located on passenger side of vehicle, forward of the sweeping head• Inside the SCR, ammonia gas reacts with the catalyst and transforms the nitrogen oxides (Nox) into harmless nitrogen gas• The SCR is last component in system, and the byproduct gases are exhausted out the tailpipe
The Multi-Information Display found on the The Multi-Information Display found on the console gives status level of particulate matter in console gives status level of particulate matter in filter, as well as warning lights indicating system filter, as well as warning lights indicating system requirements (use MID selection button to show requirements (use MID selection button to show this display)this display)
Emission System – Operation & Emission System – Operation & MaintenanceMaintenance
Diesel Particulate Filter - REGENERATION
REGENERATIONREGENERATION is the process used to is the process used to remove particulate matter from the DPF. remove particulate matter from the DPF. This takes approx 20 minutes to complete, This takes approx 20 minutes to complete, during which time exhaust temperatures during which time exhaust temperatures are increased to “burn off” particulate are increased to “burn off” particulate matter from the filtermatter from the filter
REGENERATION REGENERATION can occur automatically can occur automatically during normal operation of truck - but during normal operation of truck - but during stop and go or slow speed during stop and go or slow speed operation of truck (ie. sweeping), operation of truck (ie. sweeping), Regeneration may need to be performed Regeneration may need to be performed manuallymanually
Diesel Particulate Filter - REGENERATION
Depending on truck Depending on truck operation, operation, Regeneration may Regeneration may occur automatically, occur automatically, or may need to be or may need to be performed performed “selectively” by “selectively” by driver.driver.
Listed in the table to Listed in the table to the right, are the the right, are the various messages the various messages the driver may see and driver may see and the appropriate the appropriate action required (this action required (this table can also be table can also be found on the driver’s found on the driver’s sun visor in the cab)sun visor in the cab)
Emission System – Operation & Emission System – Operation & MaintenanceMaintenance
The Multi-Information Display found on the The Multi-Information Display found on the console gives status of level of DEF as well as console gives status of level of DEF as well as warning lights indicating system requirements. warning lights indicating system requirements. The reservoir found on the driver side of vehicle The reservoir found on the driver side of vehicle is equipped with an external sight gage.is equipped with an external sight gage.
Emission System – Operation & Emission System – Operation & MaintenanceMaintenance
DEF & SCR System
DEF consumption is approximately DEF consumption is approximately 1% of fuel used – ie. 1 gallon of DEF 1% of fuel used – ie. 1 gallon of DEF to every 100 gallons of diesel fuel. to every 100 gallons of diesel fuel. Plan to refill the DEF tank once for Plan to refill the DEF tank once for every 20-25 times the fuel tank is every 20-25 times the fuel tank is refilledrefilled
DEF tank stores 7.4 gallons of diesel DEF tank stores 7.4 gallons of diesel exhaust fluid. exhaust fluid.
DEF can be purchase at auto parts DEF can be purchase at auto parts stores or Isuzu dealers, and will cost stores or Isuzu dealers, and will cost approx. $3.00 / gallonapprox. $3.00 / gallon
Emission System – Operation & Emission System – Operation & MaintenanceMaintenance
DEF & SCR System
Do not service vehicle Do not service vehicle with anything other than with anything other than certified DEF fluid – this certified DEF fluid – this will result in engine will result in engine malfunction and require malfunction and require dealer servicing.dealer servicing.
Listed in the table to the Listed in the table to the right are the various right are the various messages the driver may messages the driver may see and the appropriate see and the appropriate action required (this action required (this table can also be found on table can also be found on the driver’s sun visor in the driver’s sun visor in the cab)the cab)
Emission System – WarrantyEmission System – Warranty
Isuzu Warranty Information
Engine emissions are under a 0 - 60 months, 0 - 100,000 miles Engine emissions are under a 0 - 60 months, 0 - 100,000 miles coverage (whichever comes first). This includes parts and labor*coverage (whichever comes first). This includes parts and labor*
Complete and current information regarding your warranty can be Complete and current information regarding your warranty can be found in your truck’s warranty bookletfound in your truck’s warranty booklet
Items not covered under warranty are damage due to accident, Items not covered under warranty are damage due to accident, misuse, alteration, insufficient or improper maintenance, misuse, alteration, insufficient or improper maintenance, contaminated or poor fuel qualitycontaminated or poor fuel quality
Bio-Diesel Fuel above a 5% blend will void the Isuzu warrantyBio-Diesel Fuel above a 5% blend will void the Isuzu warranty
*see warranty booklet for California specifications*see warranty booklet for California specifications
Emission System InformationEmission System Information
Useful Links
Emissions Overviewhttp://www.isuzucv.com/nseries/n_emissions.html
Emissions System Orientation (Video)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Befljdfub4M
DPF Overview (Video)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XcKDTwXheA
Summary of EPA Regulationshttp://www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/documents/420f03022.pdf
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