Presentations

“The mind is a wonderful thing………It starts working the moment you are born, and never stops ……….

Until you get up to speak in public!!”

Presentation Skills

Presentation: Definition

Something presented : as

a : a symbol or image that represents something

b : something offered or given c: an immediate object of perception,

cognition, or memory

What is Communication?

Nonverbal Communication

-body language-eye contact

Importance of Communication

Class Presentations

Field Research

Business Communications

Public Speaking

Fear of Public SpeakingPopulation

No.1 fear=Public SpeakingFear No.2=Death

Stage fright-In spotlight-unprepared-inexperienced

Effective Communication

Preparation

Practice

Presence

Effective Communication

Preparation research -non-research format -speak on what you know

-Notes- outline main points-note cards vs. full sized paper

Use Cards - tie/number Use headings/subheadings Bullet points Colour code/shorthand Underline/indent Write out first/last sentence in

full Memorise introduction Rehearse Use large visible printing

Making Notes

Sample Speech Outline

I. IntroductionThesis

II. Bodysupport arguments

III. Conclusionreview

Effective Communication

Practice- practice makes perfect- revision

- get time right

Thorough preparationThorough preparation

Plenty of practicePlenty of practice

Preparation & Practice

Effective Communication

Presence-nervousness- fright is common-Body language

-voice tone-gestures-eye contact

-positive attitude

Confident ?Confident ?

Warmth ?Warmth ?

Stance ?Stance ?

Mannerisms ?Mannerisms ?

Eye contact ?Eye contact ?

Appearance

Dress

Posture

Facial Expression

Voice

Movement

Gesture

Eye Contact

Body Language

VolumeVolume

PitchPitch

SpeedSpeed

MumblingMumbling

Voice dropVoice drop

Too highToo high

Too lowToo low

MonotonousMonotonous

HesitancyHesitancy

GabblingGabbling

Voice

Voice Control Pause and pace

use pause to add emphasis and drama pace should be slower than normal, but vary

according to mood Emphasis

say adjectives as they sound Volume

louder than normal larger audiences, more modulation required

Voice

Movement - why does it improve the effectiveness of your delivery? Relaxes the speaker and the audience Gains attention Involves the audience Improves emphasis and eye contact

Movement

Movement - it is crucial to your delivery that you choreograph it as every part of the room has a different relationship with the speaker - examples….. Start your presentation close to the audience 1st slide/ overhead - stand still Move to the screen to emphasise side/ overhead Change energy level to match/ control mood Controlled movement

stop talking - stop eye contact start talking/ start eye contact

Movement

Gestures - why use them? Emphasise a point Involve the audience Visual expression Animation Demonstrates comfort

How much to use? depends on the audience size and makeup

A little for conservative audiences A lot for large, dynamic audiences

Gestures

Eye contact - communicates the following Honesty Trust Confidence Individualism Interest Sincerity Credibility Direct relationship

Eye Contact

EYE CONTACT STRATEGIES

Less than the other = Humility

Same as the other = We are the same

Constructive = Builds relationship(same then increasing)More than the other = Dominate other/

strengthof conviction

Eye Contact

Eye Contact - Directing ItDecision maker

receives most eye contact - 60% share the remainder equally

Key influencer share the majority of eye contact

By role allocate by job function/ status

Everyone is equal proportion eye contact equally

Eye Contact

Things You Shouldn’t Do

Read directly from notesRead directly from screenTurn back on audienceSlouch, hands in pocketsNo um, ah, you know’sNo nervous gesturesTalk too fast, Talk too quietly

Things You Should Do

Eye contactCan glance at

notesAppropriate

gesturesRhetorical

questions to involve audience

Dry mouth: bite side of the tongue, sip water Too much saliva: breath through mouth Tight throat: yawn with your mouth closed Short of breath: apply pressure on lower

abdomen Butterflies: tense & relax muscles of abdomen Drying Up: look at your note, repeat what you

have just said Gestures Practice

Controlling Nerves

Ten Successful TipsControl the “Butterflies”

Know the room- become familiar with the place of presentation

Know the audience- greet or chat with the audience before hand. It’s easier to speak to friends than to strangers

Know your material-increased nervousness is due to un-preparedness

Control the “Butterflies”

Relaxation- relax entire body by stretching and breathing so as to ease the tension

Visualize giving your speech-Visualize yourself giving your speech from start to finish. By visualizing yourself successful, you will be successful

Control the “Butterflies”

People want you to succeed-the audience is there to see you succeed not to fail

Don’t apologize-by mentioning your nervousness or apologizing, you’ll only be calling the audience’s attention to mistakes

Control the “Butterflies”

Concentrate on your message-not the medium. Focus on the message you are trying to convey and not on your anxieties

Turn nervousness into positive energy-nervousness increases adrenaline, transform it into vitality and enthusiasm

Control the “Butterflies”

Gain experience-experience builds confidence, which is key to effective public speaking

“The key to effective presentations is to manage the relationship between yourself

and the audience so that a good rapport is developed with

them”

Presentation Skills

Short sharp paragraphsShort sharp paragraphs Simple wordsSimple words Repeat key phrases for effectRepeat key phrases for effect Repeat key phrases for effectRepeat key phrases for effect Avoid catch phrasesAvoid catch phrases HumourHumour Anecdotes: real-life examplesAnecdotes: real-life examples Rhetorical questions: don’t Rhetorical questions: don’t

require answersrequire answers

Presentation Skills

YOU

Do not use the media to hide youThe audience came to see youThe media should enhance the presentation,

not BE the presentation If all you are going to do is read from the

slides or overheads, then just send them the slides

Remember, only you can prevent “Death by PowerPoint”

Questions??

End your presentation with a simple question slide to: Invite your audience to ask questions Provide a visual aid during question

period Avoid ending a presentation abruptly

Questioning - Effectively Used Achieves.. Engages audience attention Establishes better 2 way communication Obtains required information Checks for understanding Checks for agreement

How to Prepare Questions …… Prepare key questions ahead of time Plan the timing of questions Be alert to situations that require unplanned

questions

?

Use of Questions

ASK QUESTIONSASK QUESTIONS Open ended - to find out Open ended - to find out

informationinformation Closed - to gain commitmentClosed - to gain commitment Redirected - to involve groupRedirected - to involve group Rhetorical - to control groupRhetorical - to control group Leading - to give alternative Leading - to give alternative

choicechoice

Initiate A Discussion

Switch off the overhead or light projector

Turn flipcharts to a blank page Erase any unwanted writing from the

blackboard or whiteboard Show any objects referred to and

then cover them up

Tips For Enhancing Discussion

Four Types: Dr Quiet Dr Disagreeable Dr Side

Conversation Dr Talkative

Participants

Side ConversationsSide Conversations Quiet/ShyQuiet/Shy TalkativeTalkative DisagreeableDisagreeable

WHY?WHY?

Keep Control - Tactics

SIDE CONVERSATIONSIDE CONVERSATION Ask to “share” their idea Restate a point & ask for their

opinion Check if there is a problem “Should we include your point in

the discussion?”

BE DIPLOMATIC & ASSERTIVEBE DIPLOMATIC & ASSERTIVE

Keep Control - Tactics

QUIET/SHY PARTICIPANTQUIET/SHY PARTICIPANT Simple questions Eye contact Recognise & encourage any

contributions Ask a question & invite

everyone's opinion in turn

Keep Control - Tactics

TALKATIVETALKATIVE Remind everyone of time

limits Summarise point & ask for

comments from group Address questions to other

participants Refocus on objectives/agenda

Keep Control - Tactics

DISAGREEABLE Paraphrase comments, and recap their

position in objective terms Find merit in one of their remarks Respond to their comment, not the

attack Throw their opinion out to the group Answer their questions simply and

factually

Keep Control - Tactics

Scientific Presentations: Do’s and Don’ts

Scientific Presentation

1) Prepare your material carefully and logically. Tell a story. The story should have four parts:

(a) Introduction (b) Method (c) Results (d) Conclusion/Summary.

"Tell'em what you are going to tell'em.Tell'em. Then tell'em what you told'em."

Scientific Presentation

2) Practice your talk 3) Don't put in too much material 4) Avoid equations5) Have only a few conclusion points

Scientific Presentation

6) Talk to the audience not to the screen 7) Avoid making distracting sounds like “

uuuhhh” and “mmm”8) Polish your graphics9) Use humor if possible, but don’t go

overboard 10) Check your viewgraphs before you

give the talk 11) Switch off your cell phones if possible.

Scientific Presentation12) Be personable in taking questions.

First, repeat the question. If you don't know the answer then say "I

don't know, I will have to look into that." If the questioner disagrees with you and it

looks like there will be an argument then defuse the situation.

Never insult the questioner ( S/he may have contacts you don’t know about!

13) Thank you Slide

Size of roomSize of room Tables and Tables and

chairschairs SocketsSockets LightsLights EquipmentEquipment Display tableDisplay table EntranceEntrance

Check :Check :

Presentation Checklist

30 minutes before30 minutes before Arrange table & chairsArrange table & chairs Set up equipment Set up equipment CateringCatering DisplayDisplay Start PromptlyStart Promptly Finish on TimeFinish on Time

Presentation Day & Practice

Handouts: Few Tips

Handouts

Passing out Handouts:Can pass it out during presentationIf flow interrupted, pass out before

start If more than one, can give out

“package”Avoid passing around objects (“I will

walk around with it”)

Summary: Dos and Don’ts of Presentation

Don’t gesticulate wildlyDo speak distinctlyDo vary your speed and pitchDo look at your audienceDon’t use jargon, slang and superfluous wordsDo pause after important pointsDo watch the timeDo speak with conviction and enthusiasmDo be natural and sincereDo try to simileDon’t use jokes unless they are really funny and relevant

Know your audience Know the occasion Know your speaking environment Pin down your topic Brain storm Research Prepare a rough draft of your presentation Transfer your presentation to mental/ written

notes Practice ...To overcome nervousness!

Summary

Now is the time to deliver your whole presentation to the group using all of the delivery techniques we have discussed.

Practice takes you from this..

To this….

Thank you; Any questions?