EPITHELIAL TISSUE Features : Features : 1. Have definite shape and size. 1. Have definite shape and size. 2. Closely attached cells. 2. Closely attached cells. 3. No intercellular space. 3. No intercellular space. 4. No matrix. 4. No matrix. 5. Cells are arranged on basement 5. Cells are arranged on basement membrane membrane 6. Cells arranged in one or more layers 6. Cells arranged in one or more layers
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TISSUE AND TISSUE TISSUE AND TISSUE SYSTEM SYSTEM DEFINITION OF TISSUE: Tissue can DEFINITION OF TISSUE: Tissue can be defined as a modified be defined as a modified structure of a group of cells of structure of a group of cells of same nature both in origin and same nature both in origin and structure, which performs structure, which performs particular functions. particular functions. ORGAN SYSTEM : A group of tissue ORGAN SYSTEM : A group of tissue forms the organs of the animal forms the organs of the animal which in turn make the organ which in turn make the organ system. system.
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TISSUE AND TISSUE TISSUE AND TISSUE SYSTEMSYSTEM
DEFINITION OF TISSUE: Tissue can be DEFINITION OF TISSUE: Tissue can be defined as a modified structure of a defined as a modified structure of a group of cells of same nature both in group of cells of same nature both in origin and structure, which performs origin and structure, which performs particular functions.particular functions.
ORGAN SYSTEM : A group of tissue ORGAN SYSTEM : A group of tissue forms the organs of the animal which in forms the organs of the animal which in
turn make the organ system.turn make the organ system.
TYPES OF TISSUES : There are four TYPES OF TISSUES : There are four types of tissues in the animal body. types of tissues in the animal body. These are as follows :These are as follows :
EPITHELIAL TISSUEEPITHELIAL TISSUE Features :Features : 1. Have definite shape and size.1. Have definite shape and size. 2. Closely attached cells.2. Closely attached cells. 3. No intercellular space.3. No intercellular space. 4. No matrix.4. No matrix. 5. Cells are arranged on basement 5. Cells are arranged on basement membranemembrane 6. Cells arranged in one or more layers 6. Cells arranged in one or more layers
CONNECTIVE TISSUECONNECTIVE TISSUE FEATURES :FEATURES : 1. Originates from mesodermal 1. Originates from mesodermal
layer.layer. 2. Few cells +2. Few cells + 3. Many intercellular spaces +3. Many intercellular spaces + 4. Matrix + in The Spaces.4. Matrix + in The Spaces. 5. Cells are not arranged in layers.5. Cells are not arranged in layers. 6. Several types of fibres +6. Several types of fibres +
FUNCTIONS :FUNCTIONS : 1. To holds tissues and organs.1. To holds tissues and organs. 2. To constitute supporting frame.2. To constitute supporting frame. 3. To provide shape and size.3. To provide shape and size. 4. Helps in movement.4. Helps in movement. 5. Provides insulation.5. Provides insulation. 6. Provides protection6. Provides protection 7. Produces blood cells.7. Produces blood cells. 8. Produces antibodies8. Produces antibodies
Types :Types : 1. Proper connective tissue.1. Proper connective tissue. a)Areolar.a)Areolar. b) Fibrousb) Fibrous c) Adipose.c) Adipose. d) Reticular.d) Reticular. 2. Skeletal connective tissue.2. Skeletal connective tissue. a) Cartilage a) Cartilage b) Bone .b) Bone .
TYPES OF CARTILAGE .TYPES OF CARTILAGE . 1.Temporary.1.Temporary. 2. Permanent.2. Permanent. ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF CELLS ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF CELLS
AND MATRIX :AND MATRIX : 1.Hyaline cartilage.1.Hyaline cartilage. 2. White fibrous.2. White fibrous. 3. Elastic /Yellow fibrous.3. Elastic /Yellow fibrous. 4. Calcified.4. Calcified.
BONE :BONE : 1. Compact .1. Compact . 2. Spongy.2. Spongy. FUNCTIONS :FUNCTIONS : 1. Constitute endoskeleton.1. Constitute endoskeleton. 2. To carry load.2. To carry load. 3. To protect organs.3. To protect organs. 4. To help in the movement.4. To help in the movement. 5. To store salts.5. To store salts. 6. To produce blood cells.6. To produce blood cells. 7. To excrete toxic materials.7. To excrete toxic materials.
FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUEFLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUEThis tissue is of two types :This tissue is of two types : 1. Blood.1. Blood. 2. Lymph.2. Lymph. Blood : Blood is a fluid connective Blood : Blood is a fluid connective
tissue. It is alkaline in nature. It tissue. It is alkaline in nature. It contains Blood corpuscles and Plasma. contains Blood corpuscles and Plasma. 91-92% of water is present and 4-9% 91-92% of water is present and 4-9% of organic and inorganic substances of organic and inorganic substances are present.are present.
BLOOD CORPUSCLES :BLOOD CORPUSCLES : 1. R. B. C. 2. W. B. C. 3. B. P. 1. R. B. C. 2. W. B. C. 3. B. P.
R. B. C. :R. B. C. : 1. Round / oval in shape.1. Round / oval in shape. 2. No nucleus.2. No nucleus. 3. Haemoglobin +3. Haemoglobin + 4. Life span is 120 days.4. Life span is 120 days. 5. Function is to carry O2. 5. Function is to carry O2. 6. Number is from 45 lac to 55 lac / ml3.6. Number is from 45 lac to 55 lac / ml3.
W. B. C. : W. B. C. : 1. White / Colourless.1. White / Colourless. 2. Irregular shapes and sizes.2. Irregular shapes and sizes. 3. Very small in number.3. Very small in number. 4. Nucleated.4. Nucleated.
5. Normal life span is 5. Normal life span is 6. It kills germs.6. It kills germs. 7. It produces antibodies .7. It produces antibodies . 8. It secretes histamine and heparin.8. It secretes histamine and heparin. 9. Number is from 7000—11000.9. Number is from 7000—11000.
B. P. B. P. 1. Biconvex /Oval shaped.1. Biconvex /Oval shaped. 2. Nucleated /Non nucleated .2. Nucleated /Non nucleated . 3. Normal life span is 5—9 days.3. Normal life span is 5—9 days. 4. Function is to stop bleeding / To 4. Function is to stop bleeding / To
clot.clot. 5. Their number ranges from 2500005. Their number ranges from 250000
—— 450000 /ml3.450000 /ml3.
LYMPH :LYMPH : 1. Colourless .1. Colourless . 2. It contains salts.2. It contains salts. 3. Protein i. e. Fibrinogen, albumin, 3. Protein i. e. Fibrinogen, albumin,
glubulin etc. found.glubulin etc. found. 4. Function is to bring nourishment 4. Function is to bring nourishment and to return waste matters .and to return waste matters . 5. It returns toxic materials also.5. It returns toxic materials also.
MUSCULAR TISSUEMUSCULAR TISSUE TYPE :TYPE : 1. Voluntary muscle.1. Voluntary muscle. 2. Involuntary muscle.2. Involuntary muscle. 3. Cardiac muscle.3. Cardiac muscle. 1. Voluntary muscle.1. Voluntary muscle. a) Contraction is under control.a) Contraction is under control. b)It remains attached with bone.b)It remains attached with bone. c) Consists of muscles fibres.c) Consists of muscles fibres. d)Length is 1mm—40mm.d)Length is 1mm—40mm. e)Sarcolema , sarcoplasm present.e)Sarcolema , sarcoplasm present. f)Dark bands present. f)Dark bands present. g) TO carry out movement.g) TO carry out movement.
INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE.INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE. 1. Contraction is not under control.1. Contraction is not under control. 2. Muscle fibres are simple.2. Muscle fibres are simple. 3. Middle of cell is broader but both the 3. Middle of cell is broader but both the
ends are tapering.ends are tapering. 4. Length is 0.2 to 0.5mm.4. Length is 0.2 to 0.5mm. 5 . Dark bands are absent.5 . Dark bands are absent. 6. No striation .6. No striation . 7. Present in respiratory tract, alimentary7. Present in respiratory tract, alimentary tract, urinogenital organs etc.tract, urinogenital organs etc.
CARDIAC MUSCLECARDIAC MUSCLE 1. Nucleus +1. Nucleus + 2. Sarcolema is elongated.2. Sarcolema is elongated. 3. Fibres are branched and joined.3. Fibres are branched and joined. 4. Length is about 0.8 mm.4. Length is about 0.8 mm. 5. Intercalated disc +5. Intercalated disc + 6. Present in heart.6. Present in heart.
NERVOUS TISSUENERVOUS TISSUE DEFINITION : The tissue which takes stimulation DEFINITION : The tissue which takes stimulation
from the environment and response to that from the environment and response to that stimuli is called nervous tissue.stimuli is called nervous tissue.
COMPONENTS.COMPONENTS. 1. Glial cells.1. Glial cells. 2. Nerve cells. 2. Nerve cells. a) Soma.a) Soma. b) Elongated process.b) Elongated process. c) Dendron.c) Dendron. d) Axond) Axon SYNAPSE. The junctional point of two neurons.SYNAPSE. The junctional point of two neurons.
HISTOLOGY OF ORGANSHISTOLOGY OF ORGANS STOMACH. STOMACH.
1. Serosa layer +1. Serosa layer + 2. L. Muscle layer +2. L. Muscle layer + 3. C. Muscle layer +3. C. Muscle layer + 4. Sub mucosa layer +4. Sub mucosa layer + 5.M. Mucosa layer +5.M. Mucosa layer + 6. Mucosa layer +6. Mucosa layer +
STOMACH .STOMACH . 1. There are six layers in the wall 1. There are six layers in the wall
of of stomach.stomach. 2. Rogue are seen.2. Rogue are seen. 3. Gastric glands are present.3. Gastric glands are present.
SMALL INTESTINESMALL INTESTINE 1. Serosa layer + 2. L. M. layer +1. Serosa layer + 2. L. M. layer + 3. C. M. Layer + 4. Submucosa +3. C. M. Layer + 4. Submucosa + 5. Muscularis + 6. Mucosa +5. Muscularis + 6. Mucosa + Identifying Characteristics.Identifying Characteristics. 1. Six layers + 1. Six layers + 2. Villi +2. Villi + 3. Goblet and absorptive cells +3. Goblet and absorptive cells +
PANCREASPANCREAS HISTILOGY.HISTILOGY. 1. Lobular structure called Accinae +1. Lobular structure called Accinae + 2. Islet of Langerhans +2. Islet of Langerhans + 3. These are of two types such as Alpha 3. These are of two types such as Alpha
KIDNEYKIDNEY HISTOLOGY.HISTOLOGY. 1. Cortex :Outer part.1. Cortex :Outer part. 2. Medulla :Made up of nephron and 2. Medulla :Made up of nephron and
blood vessels.blood vessels. 3. Bowmans capsule : Hollow ana 3. Bowmans capsule : Hollow ana
cup shaped.cup shaped. 4. Glomerulus +4. Glomerulus + 5. Malphigian body +5. Malphigian body + 6. Medullary rays +6. Medullary rays +
LIVERLIVER HISTOLOGY.HISTOLOGY. 1. Composed of hepatic cells.1. Composed of hepatic cells. 2. Cells are penta / polygonal.2. Cells are penta / polygonal. 3. Mitochondria are very rich.3. Mitochondria are very rich. 4. Synusoids are +4. Synusoids are + 5. Bile duct is notable.5. Bile duct is notable. IDENTIFYING CHARACTERS.IDENTIFYING CHARACTERS. 1. Lobules +1. Lobules + 2. Lobules contain hepatic cells.2. Lobules contain hepatic cells. 3. Central vein and bile duct +3. Central vein and bile duct + 4. Synusoids +4. Synusoids +
LUNGLUNG HISTOLOGY.HISTOLOGY. 1. Wall : Two layered.1. Wall : Two layered. 2. Large number of alveoli are +2. Large number of alveoli are + 3. Alveoli are separated by trabecula.3. Alveoli are separated by trabecula. 4. Large sized empty spaces called 4. Large sized empty spaces called
