Tissue fluid & The lymphatic system
Fluid Exchange Take place in capillaries But blood has a higher osmotic potential
than the surrounding tissue fluid How would nutrients and water flow out of
capillaries??
Fluid Exchange in Tissues
Exchange of substances between blood and body cells take place through the capillaries
Blood pressure higher at arterial end This pressure forces water and nutrients
out of capillaries into intercellular spaces
Arterial end Venous end
Body cells take in nutrients from intercellular spaces Blood pressure is lower at venous end, water and
waste products from cells enter capillaries Fluid in intercellular spaces is called tissue fluid
Arterial end Venous end
Tissue FluidWater Nutrients
WaterWaste
Oedema
Occurs when tissue fluid is formed faster than it can be drained away
Accumulate in tissues and cause them to swell
Occurs in elderly people or pregnant women
Not all the tissue fluid returns to the capillaries
Some will enter blind–ending vessels called lymphatics as lymph fluid
Lymph fluid◦ pale yellow liquid◦ Similar to plasma except for the absence of
plasma proteins
Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system is part of the immune system, which defends the body against infection.
The lymphatic system is a network of small lymph nodes connected by very thin lymph vessels, which branch into every part of the body except the brain and spinal cord.
It transports a watery clear fluid called lymph. This fluid distributes immune cells and other factors throughout the body. It also interacts with the blood circulatory system to drain fluid from cells and tissues.
The lymphatic system contains immune cells called lymphocytes, which protect the body against antigens (viruses, bacteria, etc.) that invade the body.
Description
to collect and return interstitial fluid, including plasma protein to the blood, and thus help maintain fluid balance,
to defend the body against disease by producing lymphocytes,
to absorb lipids from the intestine and transport them to the blood."
Functions
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic vessels:◦ Transport excess
tissue fluid back into blood stream
Lymphatic Organs:◦ Lymph node, tonsils,
thymus and spleen
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Vessels Blind-ended Compression of skeletal muscles aids in
unidirectional flow Valves present Small vessels join up to form 2 larger
ones; right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
Both ducts empty their contents back into the blood stream via the subclavian veins
Lymphatic Pathways
Bone marrow, Tonsils Lymph nodes, Spleen, Thymus.
Lymph organs include
Human lymph nodes are bean-shaped and range in size from a few millimeters to about 1-2 cm in their normal state.
They may become enlarged due to a tumor or infection. White blood cells are located within the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are enlarged when the body is infected due to enhanced production of some cells and division of activated T and B cells.
The major nodes can be found in the neck, armpits, chest, abdomen, pelvis and groin. Other parts of the lymphatic system include the spleen, thymus andbone marrow.
Lymph nodes:
Lymph Nodes• Swellings at certain points in the
lymphatic vessels• Stores lymphocytes and phagocytes
(WBCs)• Releases them into the blood stream• Thus, lymph nodes play an important
role in body’s defence
The major nodes can be found in the neck, armpits, chest, abdomen, pelvis and groin. Other parts of the lymphatic system include the spleen, thymus and bone marrow.
A clear fluid called lymph flows through the lymph vessels. It contains white blood cells called Lymphocytes , special proteins called antibodies, and some waste products. Lymphocytes and antibodies are important parts of your body's immune system.
The lymph fluid passes through the lymph nodes, which filter out bacteria and other harmful things.
Blood circulatory system
Heart Blood Vessels Blood
Atria and Ventricles
ArteriesArteriolesCapillaries
VenulesVeins
Plasma Blood Cells
RBCWBCPlatelets
Lymphatic system
Phoenix Bodyworks, www.phoenixbodyworkspdx.com, 503-577-5512
Lymph, Why are you so slow? Reason why Lymph may be slow
◦ Sitting all day and not breathing fully◦ Sitting all day and not exercising enough◦ Being sick and bed ridden◦ Poor diet eg. Too much caffeine, sugar, fats, etc,
you get the picture. ◦ Environmental contaminates overload the lymph
system and produce more waste than the nodes can remove. Ex. sunscreens, deodorants, cologne, food, cleaning products
Lymphoma is a general name for cancer of tissue of the lymphatic system.
When the person have lymphoma, large numbers of abnormal lymphocytes are made. These abnormal lymphocytes replace some of the normal lymphocytes. This can disrupt the immune system and reduce the ability to fight infections. The lymph nodes also become swollen, forming painless lumps (tumours).
Lymphoma