32
TLE-Technical Drafting Quarter 1 – Module 1: Use of Tools and Equipment (UT) 7/8
TLE-Technical Drafting
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Use of Tools and Equipment (UT)
7/8
TLE-Technical Drafting – Grade 7/8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Use of Tools and Equipment (UT) First Edition, 2020
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Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan
Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Marlon Q. Diego
Editor: Mark P. Manimbo
Reviewer: Fye Jessa P. Ubaldo
Illustrator: Marlon Q. Diego
Layout Artist: Rose R. Cariazo
Cover Design: Emmanuel S. Gimena Jr.
Management Team:
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Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : Roland M. Fronda, EdD, CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
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Lead Layout Artist, Assigned Subject : Jeffrey M. Tapac
Lead Illustrator, Assigned Subject : Jovanni B. Belmonte
Lead Evaluator, Assigned Subject : Jerson F. Tuang
7/8
TLE-Technical Drafting
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Use of Tools and Equipment (UT)
ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the TLE-Technical Drafting – Grade 7/8 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Use of Tools and Equipment!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
iii
For the learner:
Welcome to the TLE-Technical Drafting – Grade 7/8 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Use of Tools and Equipment!
Both tools and equipment plays a big role in repairing, producing or
manufacturing products. In Technical Drafting, these are religiously used to create
precise, accurate and presentable mechanical drawings. And the draftsman’s
output serves as blueprint and an essential part of manufacturing things such as
parts of machine, buildings, and other perspectives.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.
iv
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
Answer Key
This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
1
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written to equip students in the proper use of hand
tools and equipment in the field of technical drafting. The scope of this module
permits the use of the different technical drafting tasks. Identifying each hand tool
and equipment is one of the most important things to consider before doing any
drafting work. The idea of making precise technical drafting work will also be
realized in this module. The hand tools and equipment are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. You also need to classify them into tasks where
they should be used. Providing the actual hand tools and equipment will give you
more sufficient knowledge as you read this learning material.
Although hand tools and equipment can make your work fast, easy, and efficient,
your work will rely on how you deeply understand its proper manipulation. Using
the right tool for the right job should always be observed. There should be no
wasted movement in performing certain drafting task to truly achieve the so-called
work efficiency. While you focus on how to properly use the various drafting hand
tools and equipment, accuracy of any drafting task should always be taken into full
consideration.
The success of understanding tasks of technical drafting and knowing all the facts
of each hand tool and equipment will always be evident in your work.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the different hand tools, equipment and materials that are used in
technical drafting TLE_ICTTD7/8UT0a-1;
2. explain their proper use; and
3. classify hand tools and equipment according to function and task
requirement TLE_ICTTD7/8UT0a-1.
2
What I Know
A. Some of the drafting tools, equipment and materials might be familiar with you.
Can you name the following drafting devices below? Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
3
7. 8.
9. 10.
B. Matching Type: Match the drafting instrument being described in column A with
the selections listed in column B. Write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____ 1. A white soft material used to remove A. Hard Grade smudges on the surface of a drawing
paper or eliminate unnecessary lines to impose improvements or corrections.
_____ 2. Semi-circular shaped tool divided into B. Drawing Table 180 equal gradations used to acquire
different angles.
_____ 3. A desk where the draftsman usually do C. Computers his drafting jobs. This is made with
adjustable board for the draftsman’s convenient drawing position.
_____ 4. An electronic equipment capable of D. Soft Eraser running software which is very helpful
for the draftsman to develop digitally drawn objects.
_____ 5. A type of pencil which is normally used E. Protractor
for mechanical drawing or illustrations that require precision.
4
What’s In
Technical drafting creates numerous job opportunities which are fit with the skills
of their acquired course. It makes use of graphic language which includes line
drawing from basic to complex of geometrical inclination. The idea is to present an
object by means of drawing. Drawing of objects should be done with the proper use
of hand tools and equipment in a certain task. Therefore, it is a must for a
draftsman to familiarize himself with the various tools and equipment that are used
in this field.
The things that are used in Technical Drafting can actually be classified into tools,
equipment, and materials. These three things work together in creating the
draftsman’s output from his vision up to application.
As a beginner in this field, you may find that these things will be your companion
in doing technical drafting activities. Your drawing skills will be more enhanced as
you precisely use the tools and equipment in an actual drafting job and as the
lesson progresses.
Through those perspectives, you may now have the privilege to start and explore
this module!
Notes to the Teacher The activities in this lesson are usually illustrations/images to
grab the attention of the learner and at the same time help
explain or make it memorable to them. Give him/her the needed
support and guidance so that he/she will be able to perform the
activities well in identifying hazards and risks indicator.
5
What’s New
Analysing is one of the skills that a draftsman should possess. This should be
displayed in order to closely examine the subject in its full details before the
drawing is applied.
To begin with, let us try your analysing ability. From the given illustrations of basic
shapes below, can you randomly name the basic drawing tools and equipment that
could possibly use from drawing them?
1) 2)
3)
4} 5)
6
What is It
DRAFTING TOOLS These are handheld instruments that aids in accomplishing a task. In technical drafting, it is typically used to perform accurate or precise dimensions. It can also
be termed as reusable for it can be used repeatedly on different drafting projects. You have to observe proper handling and caring for good quality results.
Name Illustration Function
Drawing Pencil
This is one of the most
important tools in drawing.
It comes in various
grades. The grade of pencil to be used depends on the
quality of paper. You have
to take into consideration also the type of line work
required.
The three pencil grades are as follows:
1) Hard pencils – These
are used where extreme
accuracy is required especially working on
graphs, diagrams and charts.
2) Medium pencils –
These are used for general purpose work in drawing.
3) Soft pencils – are too soft to be used in
mechanical drafting. They are very useful for art
work of various kinds.
7
Name Illustration Function
Triangles
30 degrees X 60 degrees triangle
45 degrees X 45 degrees triangle
This illustration shows how triangles work together with a T-square.
It is a three-sided ruler,
which typically has two equal sides meeting at
a 90 degree angle and to a third side at 45, 30,
including 60 degree angles.
It is usually made of
plastic and comes in
different sizes.
Triangles are typically used in drawing vertical
lines and oblique lines.
If in use, the base of the
triangle must rest on the blade of the T-square.
Drawing a line always starts from the point near
the base going upward.
The two types of triangle are as follows:
1) 30 degrees X 60 degrees
2) 45 degrees X 45 degrees
8
Name Illustration Function
T-square
Fixed Head
Movable or Adjustable Head
Detachable or Removable Head
This figure shows how a T-square should properly attached on the
drawing board.
It is a drawing instrument
used when making horizontal lines as well as
for guiding triangles when drawing vertical lines.
It was called in such name
because it resembles a capital letter T.
It can be made of wood, plastic or the combination
of both.
There are three (3) types of T-square, namely:
1) Fixed-Head - The head is fastened to the blade. It
is used for ordinary work.
2) Movable Head or Adjustable Head. It has
one fixed and one adjustable head and used
only for occasional
drawing.
3) Detachable Head or Removable Head. It is
designed for comfort when carrying the T-square.
9
Name Illustration Function
Triangular
Scale
This figure shows a closer look of triangular scale.
This is a tool generally
used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or
reduced form to some regular proportion.
The architect’s scale is the
most commonly used for general drawing.
Its main function is to reproduce the
measurements of an object in full size, reduced
size, and enlarged size.
10
Name Illustration Function
Erasing
Shield
The illustrations show three kinds of erasing shield with different shape of holes used for suited erasing position.
This tool is made up of
plate with irregular holes.
It is a useful tool to protect the rest of the
drawing when clearing up smudges, unnecessary
pencil lines and other erasures.
Erasing shield can be made of plastic or metal.
11
Name Illustration Function
Compass
This figure shows that a circle has been drawn using a compass.
This drawing instrument
is used when drawing regular curves such as
arcs and circles.
It is used in a similar way to a divider. It is
composed of one with the pen leg and the needle
point leg being held
together with a handle.
This drawing instrument can be used for both
penciling and inking.
12
Name Illustration Function
Divider
This illustration shows a divider in use.
This is a drawing instrument used when
transferring measurements, dividing
lines and arcs into the
desired number of equal parts.
It can easily transfer
accurate measurements by adjusting the divider
points.
Constant correct practice
is necessary before doing an actual work for a quick
and easy control when use.
13
Name Illustration Function
Protractor
This figure shows various angles that
can be measured by a protractor.
It is a semi-circular
instrument divided into 180 equal parts, each of
which is called a degree.
This is used for measuring and setting of
angles other than those
obtainable with the triangles. It can determine gradations of the degrees
when measuring arcs,
angles and circles. High quality protractor is
usually made of plastic.
14
Name Illustration Function
Pencil
Sharpener
An old-fashioned pencil sharpener in use.
This is used in sharpening
pencil whenever they show signs of
dullness.
It is recommended that a pencil sharpener is sharp
enough to create a
pointed tip without damaging the pencil.
Various types and designs
are available in the store for use.
Some of the pencil
sharpener’s frame is made
of plastic. While some are made of metal.
Its hole also has different
sizes in diameter to fit for the various sizes of pencil.
15
DRAFTING EQUIPMENT These are used by the draftsman for drawing and designing purposes. Tools and equipment are both use to make work easier, faster and in good quality. But while
tools are said to be handy, equipment on the other hand are significantly bigger and need a wider space to manipulate and do drafting activities.
Name Illustration Function
Drawing Table/Board
This part of the drawing table serves
as a compartment for storing some
of the drafting tools and materials.
A rod which is part of the drawing
table used to adjust the drawing board in a desired inclination
suitable for drafting jobs.
A drafting equipment where
the drawing paper is being attached on its flat surface to
do drafting works.
The board of a drawing table is positioned at an angle of
considerable degree which
will make the draftsman comfortable in doing his
drafting jobs.
Some of the drawing boards are adjustable which it can
be placed parallel to the
ground to cover its compartment.
The desks surface should be
kept clean to get rid of pencil graphite smudges on to the
drawing paper.
16
Name Illustration Function
Computer
Desktop Computer
Laptop Computer
Computers are considered
necessities now a day. The types of computers we use
either at home or at work
comes in different names such as workstations,
microcomputers, personal computer, desktops and
laptops.
In technical drafting,
computers are very essential equipment to
create, modify, analyse, or optimize drawings
through Computer-aided design (CAD), also known
as computer-aided drafting (CAD) or
computer-aided design
and drafting (CADD).
CAD is a powerful software for technical
drafting. This is used to accumulate the
draftsman’s productivity,
improve the quality of design, produce a
database for manufacturing and
improve communications through documentation.
A draftsman should know
how to manipulate the
CAD software installed in the computer to make his
designed object more presentable and modify
traditional drafting.
17
DRAFTING MATERIALS
Materials are things that are said to be consumables. Where it should be used
once, then replaced by another, once it was already been used. The most known
and commonly used material in drafting industry is the drawing paper. Here are
the lists of drafting materials with their illustrations, descriptions and functions.
Name Illustration Function
Drawing Paper
Bond Paper
Oslo Paper
Tracing Paper
This is where the draftsman works on his
output.
Various types of drawing
papers are available for use but hard and soft
surface drawing papers are highly recommended
to be the best.
This type does not groove
easily when pressure is applied to the pencil. Oslo
paper is commonly used but bond paper is also
recommended.
Tracing paper is a thin
type of drawing paper which is normally used in
architectural drawing.
18
Name Illustration Function
Masking Tape
This illustration with red marking shows the actual usage of masking tape.
A paper type of adhesive
tape is useful for the
draftsman.
It is used for fastening the
corners of the drawing
paper on the slanting
drawing board to avoid it
from sliding on the floor.
This is preferred to use
because it does not damage the board and it
will not damage the paper when it is detached by
pulling it off.
Soft Eraser
This is used to clean the
dirt off the drawing. Erase the unnecessary lines and
enable corrections.
A soft eraser
is advantageous in removing smudges and
pencil marks.
Whereas, a harder eraser is useful for making
changes and correcting errors in the drawing.
A gentle pressure on the drawing paper should be
observed while using the eraser.
19
What’s More
Observe each line projection drawings on the chart below, and identify what drafting tools, equipment or materials that are possibly used in drawing those. Give
three (3) answers on each item. Draw those lines as well, to further determine the things that should be applied. Provide a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
Name of Line Drawing Tools, equipment,
materials
1. Horizontal Lines
2. Vertical Lines
3. Oblique Lines
4. Curve Lines
5. Angles
20
What I Have Learned
Complete the thought of each sentence by supplying the needed information from
the discussed lesson. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
1. A _______________ type of T-square has one fixed and one adjustable head and
used only for occasional drawing.
2. Triangular Scale is a tool generally used when reproducing a drawing in an ____________ or reduced form to some regular proportion. The architect’s scale is
the most commonly used for general drawing. Its main function is to reproduce the measurements of an object in full size, reduced size, or enlarged size.
3. Drafting Table or Drawing Board is a drafting equipment where the _______________ is being attached on its flat surface to do drafting work. The
desks surface should be kept clean to get rid of pencil graphite smudges on to the drawing paper.
4. It is recommended to use a _______________ for fastening the drawing paper on
the drawing table or drawing board because it does not damage the board and it will not damage the paper if it is removed by pulling it off when you are finished
with your drawings.
5. A _______________ is used to clean the dirt off the drawing. It is also used to
remove unnecessary lines such as construction or sketch lines from the final draft.
6. The _______________ type of pencil grade is used where extreme accuracy is
required especially working on graphs, diagrams and charts. These are also used
for construction lines.
7. The tool which is made up of a flat sheet of metal with different sizes/shapes of holes and a useful tool to protect the rest of the drawing when clearing up
smudges, unnecessary pencil lines and other erasures is called _______________.
8. Protractor is used to determine gradations of the degrees when measuring arcs,
angles and circles. High quality protractor is usually made of plastic. It is a
semi-circular instrument divided into _______________ equal parts, each of which is called a degree.
9. The _______________ is a drawing tool used when transferring measurements,
dividing lines and arcs into the desired number of equal parts. It can easily
transfer accurate measurements by adjusting the divider points.
10. A pencil grade which is used for general purpose work in drawing is
called _______________.
21
What I Can Do
Follow the instructions on each number and enumerate the possible hand tools,
equipment and materials to be used. Use a separate drawing paper and answer sheet.
1. Draw a vertical line measured 3 centimetres (cm) in height. Along the vertical line is five horizontal lines attached from it. The horizontal
lines should be at an identical length of 2 centimetres (cm) and parallel with 5 millimetres (mm) apart from each other.
2. Make two lines forming an angle of 30 degrees and another set of two
lines forming 60-degree angle.
3. Illustrate a rectangle with a height of 2 centimetres (cm) and a length of 5 centimetres (cm). Divide the length of the rectangle with vertical
lines in 5 equal parts.
4. Draw an isosceles triangle where the two sides should be drawn on both 45-degree angles.
5. Draw a circle with a diameter of 5 cm. Inside the circle, draw a horizontal line and a vertical line that intersects at the center.
Assessment
I. Identify the following drafting tools, equipment and materials from the functions given on each item. Provide a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
_______________ 1. It is considered as essentials for running the software that uses
either vector-based graphics to depict the objects of traditional
drafting. _______________ 2. It is used for actual drawing of objects which comes in three
grade classifications namely hard grade, medium grade, and soft grade.
_______________ 3. This has a plane smooth surface where the draftsman draws on his output.
_______________ 4. Its function is to draw regular curves such as circles and arcs which composed of a pen leg and a needle point leg on the other
end.
_______________ 5. This keeps the pencil’s tip pointed and away from showing any signs of dullness.
22
II. Identify the name of the following illustrations from word pool below, and
classify each whether these are tools, equipment or materials. Provide a separate
paper for your answer.
E.g. Triangles – Tool
1) 6)
2) 7)
3) 8)
4) 9)
5) 10)
T-square Masking Tape Divider Triangular Scale Protractor Laptop Computer Compass Drawing Table
Triangle Erasing Shield Soft Eraser Desktop Computer
23
Additional Activities
Look for the ten (10) different tools, equipment and materials which are being used
in Technical Drafting. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
D E S K T O P C O M P U T E R
W R T G H F S X Z C F V S J T
G Z A Q S D F C V B G H Q H R
D R A W I N G B O A R D U N I
H X K J I G F V B N J K A G A
E F W S D N D X C X R S R T N
J R S W H J G K G C T D E Y G
D Y A E Z A S P F O H R D H U
G E J S H G F G A M Y F G K L
H S R R I F G G E P J T F J A
J Y X D V N H L F A E G H L R
D G C W Y Y G V J S B R Y O S
G I V Q H N J S K S N Y V K C
V H V Z A U N V H Y J H C M A
C U Z I N I B B Y I H G X P L
B U R X D O N N H D E V Z A E
L T H I P E M M Z X B L K C I
T H P R O T R A C T O R D Q U
24
Answer Key
What I Know
A
1. Drawing Paper
2. Triangles
3. Erasing Shield
4. Drawing Pencil
5. T-square
6. Pencil Sharpener 7. Compass
8. Divider
9. Laptop Computer
10. Triangular Scale
B
1. D. soft eraser
2. E. protractor 3. B. drawing table
4. C. computers
5. A. hard grade
What’s New
T-square, Triangle,
Protractor, Compass,
Drawing Pencil, Divider, Drawing Pencil
What’s More
1. T-square, Drawing Pencil,
Drawing Paper
2. Triangles, T-square,
Drawing Pencil, Drawing
Paper 3. Protractor, T-square
Triangles, Drawing Pencil,
Drawing Paper
4. Compass, Drawing
Pencil, Drawing Paper
5. Protractor, Triangle, T-square, Drawing Pencil,
Drawing Paper
What I have learned
1. Movable or
Adjustable head
2. Enlarged
3. Drawing paper 4. Masking tape
5. Soft eraser
6. Hard grade
7. Erasing shield
8. 180 9. Divider
10. Medium grade
What I Can Do
1. Divider, Triangles, T-
square, Drawing Paper,
Drawing Pencil 2. Triangles, T-square,
Protractor, Drawing Paper,
Drawing Pencil
3. Triangles, T-square,
Divider, Drawing Paper,
Drawing Pencil 4. Protractor, Triangles, T-
square, Drawing Paper,
Drawing Pencil
5. Compass, Triangle, T-
square, Drawing Paper,
Drawing Pencil
Assessment I 1. Computers 2. Drawing Pencil 3. Drawing Paper
4. Compass
5. Pencil Sharpener
II
1. Laptop Computer-E 2. Compass-T
3. Triangular Scale-T
4. Masking Tape-M
5. Drawing Table-E
6. Soft Eraser-M
7. T-square-T 8. Divider-T
9. Protractor-T
10. Desktop Comp.-E
Additional Activities
25
References
“Learning Module on MECHANICAL DRAFTING.” Grade 7/8, Department of
Education, last modified October 20, 2015,
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/resources
“Self-Learning Kit on Basic Hand Tools and Materials on Technical Drafting” Grade
7/8 by Jovanni B. Belmonte, Department of Education .
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Region III, Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)
Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
Email Address: [email protected]
