TLE BREAD AND PASTRY PRODUCTION
Quarter1, Week 6 & 7 PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PROCEDURES
Identify Hazards and Risks
Evaluate Hazards and Risks MA. SUL E. MALAYANG
FLORIMA A. GUMANDOL
(SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT)
A Joint Project of
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY and the
DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT
7
TLE – Grade 7 Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Quarter 1 – Module 6 : Practice Occupational Safety and Health Procedure
First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IX Office Address: ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
Development Team of the Module
Writers: MA. SUL E. MALAYANG FLORIMA A. GUMANDOL Editors: LILIBETH G. RATIFICAR, EMD
Reviewers: LILIBETH G. RATIFICAR,EMD
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan, Jr – Schools Division Superintendent
Jay S. Montealto - Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Amelinda D. Montealto – Chief, Education Supervisor, CID
Nur N. Hussien - Chief, Education Supervisor, SGOD
Ronilo S. Yarag - Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
Leo Martinno O. Alejo – Program Development Officer II, LRMS
7
TLE Module 6: Week 6 & 7 :
Practice Occupational Safety
and Health Procedures
Learning Outcome 1: Identify Hazards and Risk
Learning Outcome 2:
Evaluate hazards and risks
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
3
For the learner:
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
4
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
Answer Key
This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
References
This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
5
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written to help learners in grade 7 and 8
understand and appreciate the common competencies in bread and pastry
production. The scope of this module permits to be used in many different learning
situations especially if they should wish to have a career in TLE/TVL. Their
learning and competencies are then further enhance in Grade 9 and 10, up to
senior high. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students
specially in the abbreviation. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course.
The module is intended for the 7/8 students Exploratory Course on Bread
and Pastry Production.
You are now in Bread and Pastry Production – Module 6: Week 6 & 7:
Learning Outcomes:
LO 1. Identify hazards and risks.
LO 2. Evaluate hazards and risks.
After going through this module , you are expected to:
1. Describe workplace hazards and risks;
2. Determine hazards and their corresponding indicators;
3. Recognize contingency measures in accordance with organizational procedures;
4. Determine the effects of hazards; and
5. Identify OHS issues and concerns in accordance with workplace requirements.
6
What I Know
Activity 1.1
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of your best answer from the choices below. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
_____ 1. Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
a. hazard b. psychological
c. risk
d. chemical
_____ 2. The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations
with property or equipment loss. a. psychological
b. risk
c. ergonomics d. none of the above
_____ 3. Any substance that can cause harm, primarily to people
a. substance b. hazard
c. chemical d. psychological
_____ 4. It has recently been acknowledged in legislation as a workplace hazard. a. risk
b. ergonomics c. psychological
d. chemical
_____ 5. Which of the following is an example of hazard? a. wet floor
b. flower
c. cake d. baby
_____ 6. This consists of words or messages and a pictorial symbol which reflects a
specific meaning?
a. road sign
b. safety sign c. risk sign
d. hazard sign
7
_____ 7. What is use to alert against unsafe practices like caution to prevent
injury?
a. Blue color sign
b. Red color sign c. Yellow color sign
d. Green color sign
_____ 8. It is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health
and welfare of the workers or employment,
a. Safety measures
b. Occupational safety and health c. Degree of risk
d. Hazard and risk control
_____ 9. Which of the following indicate the goal of all OSH program like emergency
exit and first aid.
a. Safe work environment c. harmonious work environment
b. Clean work environment d. Healthy work environment
_____ 10. Which of the following label of color, reflects immediate hazardous
situations that might cause death or serious injuries.
a. White color
b. Blue color c. Orange color
d. Red color
_____ 11. The following are “On Job Hazards” EXCEPT what?
a. slippery floor c. dark walkways b. secured cords and wires d.no fire safety rules
_____ 12. The worker should be guided in the proper storage to avoid accident or
even death.
a. Detergents c. condiments b. Chemicals d. cutlery
_____ 13. These persons should be kept out to avoid food contamination.
a. old persons c. disable
b. those who are ill d. children
_____ 14. Always wipe up spills liquid on the floor to avoid ____?
a. burns c. electrocution
b. slip d. cuts or wounds
_____ 15. Fixing electrical wiring avoid the danger of ______?
a. fails
b. collision
c. electric shock
d. burns
8
Lesson
4 Practice Occupational Safety and
Health Procedures
Your engagement in bread and pastry production or in baking activity,
requires you to be familiar with the procedure on how to practice safety first, health
hazards and risks in the workplace. It is important to observe Occupational Safety
and Health or the OSH is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the
safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all
occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a
secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers,
customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who
are impacted by the workplace environment.
How safe is your workplace?
9
What’s In
There are lots of things that may affect the health of a person, such as his
environment, his lifestyle and lots of intervention from his surroundings. Plenty who are unaware that his work is an important determinant of his health. It can
influence health in a positive or in a negative way. Are you comfortable at work? Do you think that you are giving all you have for your work but it seems that it’s
never enough?
These are just some of the questions that you need to ask in order to assess
whether your workplace is healthy or not. A place that is safe, healthy and work-conducive entails more productivity. In fact, with a healthy workplace you will be
doing more work with less effort.
What are your task or work at home?
Are you comfortable at work?
How safe is your workplace?
Have you experience accidents while working?
What’s New
1. What is your understanding of the word HAZARDS?
2. What is your understanding of the word RISKS?
3. Are these two words related?
4. Can you give examples of Hazards and Risk
10
What is It
62
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a cross-disciplinary area
concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of occupational safety and health programs is to foster a
safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers,
family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment.
FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE FOLLOWING ACRONYM AND TERMS
PPE – Personal Protective Equipment OSH – Occupational Safety and Healthy
RADHAZ - Radiation Hazard
HERP - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel HERO - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance
HERF - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Airborne - carried by air
Antidote - a remedy counteracting a poison First aid - the provision of initial care for an illness or injury
Injury - damage or harm of the structure or function of the body caused by
an outside force, which may be physical or chemical PPE - (Personal Protective Equipment) refers to devices worn by workers to
protect them against hazards in the work environment including but not limited to safety helmet, safety spectacles, face shields etc
Occupational hazards - refer to various environmental factors or stresses that can cause sickness, impaired health
Quality standard– set of exact specifications to become pattern of action
Safety – free from danger, risk or injury Sanitation – the practice or measure to create an environment conducive
to good health Workplace – refers to the office, premises or worksite where a worker is
temporarily assigned Vermin – a term applied to various animal species regarded as pests or
nuisances and especially to those associated with the carrying of disease
Exposure – the condition of being exposed, especially to severe weather or other
forces of nature
11
Health - The overall condition of an organism at a given time.
Industry – a specific branch of manufacture and trade. Injury - Damage or harm done to or suffered by a person or thing
Harmful – Causing or capable of causing harm Obligations – The act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie
Physical - radiation, magnetic fields, pressure extremes (high pressure or vacuum), noise, etc,
Protective – giving or capable of giving protection Psychosocial - stress, violence, etc.,
Responsibility – the ability or authority to act or decide on one's own, without
supervision Safety – Freedom from danger or risk of injury
Textile - A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric.
Workplace - A place, such as an office or factory, where people are employed Environment – The circumstances or conditions that surround one
What is a hazard?
Hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
Hazard is a term used to describe something that has the potential that can cause harm or adverse effects (to individuals as health effects or to organizations as
property or equipment losses).Sometimes a hazard is referred to as being the actual harm or the health effect it caused rather than the hazard. For example,
tuberculosis (TB) disease might be called a Hazard by some, but in general the TB-causing bacteria would be considered the "hazard" or "hazardous biological agent".
What are examples of a Hazard?
Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources. General examples include any substance, material, process, practice, etc that has the ability to cause
harm or adverse health effect to a person under certain conditions.
EXAMPLE OF HAZARDS AND THEIR EFFECTS Workplace Hazards Example of Hazards Example of Harm Caused
Thing Knife Cut
Substance Benzene Leukemia
Material Asbestos Mesothelioma
Source of Energy Electricity Shock, electrocution
Condition Wet floor Slips, falls
Process Welding Metal fume fever
Practice Hard rock mining Silicosis
Workplace Hazards also include practices or conditions that release
uncontrolled energy like;
an object that could fall from a height (potential or gravitational energy),
a run-away chemical reaction (chemical energy),
the release of compressed gas or steam (pressure; high temperature),
12
entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy)
contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy).
Types of Hazards
1. Chemical - A chemical hazard is any substance that can cause harm, primarily to people. Chemicals of all kinds are stored in our homes and can
result in serious injuries if not properly handled. Household items
such as bleach can result in harmful chlorine gas or hydrochloric acid if carelessly used. Gasoline fumes from
containers for lawnmowers or boats can result in major health hazards if inhaled.
2. Electrical - An electrical hazard can be defined as a dangerous condition where a worker could make electrical contact
with energized equipment or a conductor, and from which the person may sustain an injury from shock; and/or,
there is potential for the worker to receive an arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast injury. Working near an electrical hazard is dangerous
and can be fatal. Any work on or near energized equipment must be done only when measures are in place to provide protection from
electric shock and burn. With adequate safety measures
in place, every electrical injury and fatality can be prevented. An electric hazard is considered to be removed when protective
measures are put in place at the source (remove hazard or de energize), or along the path (place electrical insulation/barrier
between the worker and the electrical hazard). Where PPE is relied upon for worker protection, an electrical hazard is considered to
remain and it is still necessary to address safety requirements for other workers in the area.
3. Ergonomic - Ergonomic hazards impact employers and workers and their families.
1. Poor workplace design, awkward body mechanics or postures, repetitive movements, and other ergonomic hazards induce or
contribute to a staggering number of cumulative trauma disorders.
2. Cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) affect hands, wrists, elbows,
arms, shoulders, the lower back, and the cervical spine area. Structures involved include tendons, muscles, bones, nerves, and
blood vessels. One can plan strategies for abatement by learning to recognize the hazards that contribute to CTD.
3. OSHA has published the Ergonomic Program Management Guidelines. OSHA has also given Advance Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking for an Ergonomic Standard that will affect all
industries.
13
4. A company wide ergonomic assessment should be developed,
followed by a well written ergonomic plan. Ergonomic abatement will decrease the costs associated with CTD and ultimately impact
the corporate "bottom line."
4. Psychological - The psychosocial hazard has recently been acknowledged in
legislation as a workplace hazard. This type of hazard relates to mental health and behavioral disorders.
5. Radiation - Radiation Hazard (RADHAZ) describes the hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels, electronic hardware,
ordinance, and personnel. In the military these hazards are segregated as follows;
1) HERP - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel
2) HERO - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance
3) HERF - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel
6. Biological - A biological hazard, or biohazard, is anything coming from living organisms (i.e. pollen, fungi, animals, insects, bacteria and viruses)
that could be a threat to someone's health. It is represented by ☣, the biohazard symbol, which is used everywhere in the world. When
people see this sign they know to take precautions, and to follow proper conduct for science labs.
7. Physical - Physical hazards are those substances which threaten your physical safety. The most common types of physical hazards are ;
1. Fire 2. Explosion
3. Chemical reactivity
Types of Workplace Hazards
1. Safety Hazards
Inadequate and insufficient machine guards, unsafe workplace conditions,
unsafe work practices.
˚
14
2. Biological hazards This hazards caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and
parasites.
3. Chemical hazards Solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous substances, dust, fume or mist
4. Ergonomic hazards
Anatomical, physiological, and psychological demands on the worker, such
as repetitive and forceful movements, vibration, extreme temperatures, and awkward postures arising from improper work methods and improperly
designed workstations, tools, and equipment.
15
5. Physical hazards
1. Noise 5. Electricity 2. Vibration 6. Radiation
3. Energy 7. Pressure. 4. Weather
6. Psychological hazards
Those that are basically causing stress to a worker. This kind of hazard troubles an individual very much to an extent that his general wellbeing is affected.
Will exposure to hazards in the workplace always cause injury, illness
or other adverse health effects?
Not necessarily, To answer this question, you need to know:
what hazards are present
How a person is exposed (route of exposure, as well as how often and how
much exposure occurred)
What kind of effect could result from the specific exposure a person
experienced,
The risk (or likelihood) that exposure to a hazardous thing or condition
would cause an injury, or disease or some incidence causing damage.
How severe would the damage, injury or harm (adverse health effect) be from
the exposure.
16
The effects can be acute, meaning that the injury or harm can occur or be felt as
soon as a person comes in contact with the hazardous agent (e.g., a splash of acid in a person's eyes). Some responses to may be chronic (delayed). For example,
exposure to poison ivy may cause red swelling on the skin two to six hours after contact with the plant. On the other hand, longer delays are possible mesothelioma
a kind of cancer in the lining in the lung cavity, can develop over 20 years or more after exposure to asbestos. Once the hazard is removed or eliminated, the effects
may be reversible or irreversible. For example, a hazard may cause an injury that can heal completely (reversible) or result in an untreatable disease (irreversible).
What is Risk?
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss.
For example: The risk of developing cancer from smoking cigarettes could be expressed as
"cigarette smokers are 12 times (for example) more likely to die of lung cancer than
nonsmokers". Another way of reporting risk is "a certain number ,"Y", of smokers per 100,000 smokers will likely develop lung cancer" (depending on their age and
how many years they have been smoking). These risks are expressed as a probability or likelihood of developing a disease or getting injured, whereas hazards
refer to the possible consequences (e.g., lung cancer, emphysema and heart disease from cigarette smoking).
Factors that influence the degree of risk include;
How much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition,
How the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor, skin contact)
How severe are the effects under the conditions of exposure.
17
Risk assessment. Risk assessment is the process where you;
identify hazards,
analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard, and
determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.
HAZARDS
RISKS
SAFETY MEASURES
Manual handling of hand tools - knives, secateurs,
loppers, crowbars, weed bags, mattocks.
Back injury
Repetitive strain
Teach and remind workers of correct lifting and carrying
techniques. Rotate tasks.
Lifting heavy objects incorrectly
Back injury Repetitive strain
Teach and remind workers of
correct lifting technique. Rotate tasks.
Repetitive movements, bending and awkward
working positions
Back/ limb injury Repetitive strain
Teach and remind workers of correct
lifting technique. Rotate tasks.
Trip hazards
Injury
Warn volunteers and remove
trip hazards before commencing work. Do not leave tools on path
ways. Watch where one walks, and goes slowly. Mark tools with
fluorescent color.
What is an adverse health effect?
A general definition of adverse health effect is "any change in body function or the
structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems".
Adverse Health Effects include;
Bodily injury
Disease
Change in the way the body functions, grows, or develops
Effects on a developing fetus (teratogenic effects, fetotoxic effects)
Effects on children, grandchildren, etc. (inheritable genetic effects)
Decrease in life span
Change in mental condition resulting from stress, traumatic experiences,
exposure to solvents, and so on
Effects on the ability to accommodate additional stress
18
EFFECTS OF HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
The effect that occupation may have on a worker's health is dependent on
theexposure (expressed quantitatively) to relevant agents, and on host factors. Taking a history is often very important in identifying relevant exposures and
linking them to ill-health. The concept of "cumulative exposure" i.e. a quantitative measure of the intensity of exposure and the duration of exposure is important,
since generally it is the main determinant of risk. Health may be harmed by occupational exposures in many different ways, and practically any organ system
can be affected.
Musculoskeletal
Tenosynovitis and similar conditions
Back pain from manual handling
Nervous and Mental
Peripheral neuropathy (e.g. caused by lead or n-hexane)
Nerve deafness induced by noise
Mental ill-health (e.g. caused by stress, or by chemical exposures such as
mercury)
Blood/Marrow
Anemia (e.g. caused by lead, which may impair the synthesis of normal
hemoglobin).
A plastic anemia may be caused by high exposures to benzene
Leukemia (a cancer of certain white blood cells) caused by benzene.
Genitourinary and Endocrine
Kidney damage caused by some solvent exposures, or by cadmium
Bladder cancer e.g. caused by beta naphthylamine, or compounds of similar
structure (generally aromatic amines, with an aromatic group in the 'para' position to the amine)
Infertility caused by some chemical exposures e.g. male infertility caused by
DBCP (dibromochloropropane).
Management Commitment
There is commitment to achieving high standards of OSH performance
through effective safety management.
1. The employer identifies his general responsibilities regarding occupational safety and health laws.
2. Everyone in the organization understands the general requirements of
occupational safety and health laws. 3. The employer is actively involved in OHS management.
4. A competent person in the organization coordinates safety management activities.
19
5. There is occupational safety and health policy that is up- to- date.
6. Everyone in the organization knows about the occupational safety and health policy.
7. Adequate resources are provided for all aspects of OHS management. 8. All employees have sufficient time to carry out specific tasks related to
occupational safety and health. 9. All employees are accountable for safety and health in their area of
of responsibility.
OSH SIGNS OR SYMBOLS IN THE WORKPLACE
20
SAFETY SIGNS
Safety signs are the alert signs that help in indicating various hazards ahead. These labels help in reducing accidents at workplace and on road side. It is
a process of providing information or instructions by means of placing required signboards.
Different types of hazards required different types of safety labels. There are
several safety labels available in the market. All that is need is to figure out the
right label as per requirement.
Safety Signs consist of words, messages and a pictorial symbol with variety of shapes, size and colors. Each label color is standardized and reflects a specific
meaning.
SIGN COLORS DEFINED
Red color reflects immediate hazardous situations that will cause death or other serious injuries like Danger signs and Fire symbols.
Orange Color represents a potentially unsafe situation that could cause serious injury and indicated by warning signs.
Yellow color used to alert against unsafe practices, which if not avoided, may results in minor or moderate injuries like Caution Signs.
Green color indicates the emergency egress location, first aids and
other safety equipment.
Blue color is used to convey safety information. .
PERSONAL HYGIENE AND PROPER HANDWASHING
67
Personal hygiene are health practices and habits which enable one to stay
physically healthy. This means keeping oneself clean to avoid transfer of harmful
bacteria especially in food preparation.
21
WAYS TO ACHIEVE PERSONAL HYGIENE 1. Regularly wash and cut your hair to keep a neat appearance.
If you have facial hair, you can save money by maintaining it yourself with a set of quality clipper
2. Visit the dentist at least once a year ( twice a year is optimal ) Though you are brushing every day, your dentist will correct any dental
problems you have.
3. Bathe every day before work, or every night before you go to sleep. This will help you cleanse/remove body odor.
22
4. Wear deodorant or antiperspirant daily if you tend to sweat heavily. Some people can actually get away with not wearing deodorant, but most people, especially those who have heavy duty jobs or work in warm climates,
benefit greatly from it.
5. Scrub your hands with soap and water before you handle any food especially when you have just come from the toilet, after touching your hair
or other parts of your body, and after your hands cover your mouth or nose when you cough or sneeze. Be sure to clean under fingernails where dirt and
bacteria tend to accumulate.
6. Trim your nails; especially if you work in the food service .This will help keep your hands much cleaner and prevent the spread of the germs to
the food.
23
7. Keep hand sanitizer and facial tissues near your work desk. If you do
not work any our desk, put travel sizes of these items in your pocket. Sani-tizer and tissues will come in handy when you're ill and can also prevent the
spread of germs resulting from touching items such as money and computer keyboards.
8. Use a separate towel or cloth for drying dishes, wiping countertops, and
wiping hands.
9. Avoid working with food when you have an open cut, sore, boil, or infected wound in your hands. Pus and other liquids secreted by the
wound contain millions of harmful bacteria that can cause food poisoning.
24
10.Keep hands out of food as much as possible. Otherwise, wear
disposable gloves.
11.Avoid smoking while preparing or handling food as ashes
may drop into the food.
12. Wear suitable clothes at work. Do not wear clothes with long sleeves when working with food. Wear also comfortable and clean shoes. Be sure aprons are
always clean.
25
Proper Hand washing
Washing is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of
infections."Germs" (a general term for microbes like viruses and bacteria) can be
spread casually by touching another person. You can also catch germs when you touch contaminated objects or surfaces and then you touch your face (mouth, eyes,
and nose). "Good" hand washing techniques include using an adequate amount of soap, rubbing the hands together to create friction, and rinsing under running
water.
The following are different situations where people can pick up "germs".
Hands are visibly soiled.
After using the washroom (includes changing diapers).
After blowing your nose or after sneezing in your hands.
Before and after eating, handling food, drinking or smoking.
After touching raw meat, poultry, or fish.
After handling garbage.
Visiting or caring for sick people.
Handling pets, animals or animal waste.
Ensuring that employees wash their hands properly after using the wash-
room is very important in reducing disease transmission of stomach "flus" (which really is not a "flu" or influenza) and other gastrointestinal infections. Using soap
and lathering up is very important (rinsing hands in water only is not as effective). Use comfortably warm, running water. Hands should be washed for a minimum of
15 -20 seconds - longer if the hands are visibly soiled.
26
What is the right way to wash your hands?
1. Wet your hands with clean running water (warm or cold) and apply soap.
2. Rub your hands together to make lather and scrub them well; be sure to
scrub the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails. 3. Continue rubbing your hands for at least 20 seconds.
4. Rinse your hands well under running water. 5. Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry
OSH Standards are mandatory rules and standards set and enforced to
eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health hazards in the workplace. It
aims to provide at least the minimum acceptable degree of protection that must be afforded to every worker in relation to the working condition and danger that may
arise by reason of his occupation.
The provision of OSH Standards by the State is an exercise of the police power, with the intention of promoting the welfare and well-being of workers. All
establishments, workplaces and other undertakings are covered, including agricultural enterprises whether operating for profit or not, except:
residential places exclusively devoted to dwelling purposes;
those directly engaged in land, sea and air transportation, except their dry
dockers, garages, hangers and maintenance, and repair shops and offices; and
the activities of a lessee regarding the safety of the mining claim or lease, including mines safety, mineral conservation and pollution in establishments or work places falling under mining industry.
The Secretary of Labor and Employment, through the Regional Director or other
authorized representative enforced the OSH Standards
27
Duties of the employers and employees In relation to enforcement and compliance with the OSH Standards in the
workplace.
Adopt administrative policies on safety in accordance with the provisions of
the Standards.
Report to the Regional Director or his/her duly authorized representative the
policies adopted and the safety organization established.
Submit report to the Regional Director or his/her duly authorized
representative once in every three months on the safety performance, safety committee meetings and its recommendations and measures taken to
implement the recommendation.
Act on recommended safety measures.
Provide access to appropriate authorities.
Duties of the employees to the supervisor
1. Serve as member of the Health and Safety 2. Follow safety policies.
3. Report unsafe condition and practices to Safety Committee 4. Cooperate with Health and Safety Committee.
5. Assist government agencies in the conduct of safety and health inspection.
The responsibilities of the employer mainly stem from legislation such as the
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (1974) is very important in managing Health and Safety at work. These include the Management of Health and Safety at Work
Regulations, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, Manual Handling Operations Regulations, Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Regulations, and various others. .
28
What’s More
Activity 1. 2
Directions: With hazard and risks as bases, match Column A with
Column B. Write the letters only. Use separate sheet for your answers.
COLUMN A COLUMN B _____ 1. Electricity a. Cut
_____ 2. Knife b. Cancer _____ 3. Welding c. Slips, falls
_____ 4. Benzene d. Metal fume fever _____ 5. Wet floor e. Shock
_____ 6. Hazards f. Remind workers of correct
lifting _____ 7. Work g. Change in body function
_____ 8. Safety hazards h. Determinant of health _____ 9. Back injury i. Cause harm
_____10. Adverse health effect j. Unsafe workplace k. Vibration
Activity 1.3
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect or wrong about Occupational Safety and
Health Procedures. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
_____1. Use gloves as substitute for hand washing. _____2. Rinsing of hands only is enough to cleanse our hands.
_____3. Avoid smoking while preparing food to avoid ashes from dropping into the food.
_____4. Personal hygiene means keeping oneself clean helps avoid transfer
of harmful bacteria. _____5. Wash hands for a minimum of 30 seconds.
_____6. Use hand towels for wiping dishes. _____7. Avoid working with food when you have an open cut or wound
_____8. Sanitizer helps prevent spread of germs resulting from touching items like money.
_____9. Wash hands only before eating. ____10. Always wear clean work clothes and aprons. ____11. The health and safety at work is a very important responsibility of
the employer. _____12. Sickness or injury may arise by reason of occupation.
_____13. The employee is not held responsible for safety rules. _____14. All establishment, workplaces and undertakings are covered by
the OSH. _____15. The intention of OSH is promoting the welfare of well-being of
workers.
29
What I have Learned
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a cross-disciplinary area
concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of occupational safety and
health programs is to foster a safe work envir-ronment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members,
employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace
environment.
Hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health
effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
Basically, a hazard can cause harm or adverse effects (to individuals as health effects or to organizations as property or equipment
losses).
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or
experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may
also apply to situations with property or equipment loss.
Safety signs are the alert signs that help in indicating various
hazards ahead. These labels help in reducing accidents at workplace
and on road side. It is a process of providing information or
instructions by means of placing required signboards.
Different types of hazards required different types of safety
labels. There are several safety labels available in the market. All that is need is to figure out the right label as per requirement. Safety
Signs consist of words, messages and a pictorial symbol with variety of shapes, size and colors.
30
What I can Do
Show that you learned something by doing this activity.
Poster Making
Material: Tools:
color, pencil oslo paper or long bondpaper drawing pens
ruler or any straight edge material
Directions: From the materials and tools, make your own posters of safety signs. Your work will be judge based on the criteria given below.
Find out how well did you perform by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric
honestly and sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake!
31
Assessment
Activity 1.4
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read the statement carefully and choose the letter of the
best answer. Write the letter of your answer in a separate sheet.
_____ 1. The following are “On Job Hazards” EXCEPT what?
a. slippery floor
b. secured cords and wires c. dark walkways
d. no fire safety rules
_____ 2. The worker should be guided in the proper storage to avoid accident or
even death.
a. detergents b. chemicals
c. condiments d. cutlery
_____ 3. These persons should be kept out to avoid food contamination.
a. old persons
b. those who are ill c. disable
d. children
_____ 4. Always wipe up spills liquid on the floor to avoid ____?
a. burns
b. slip
c. electrocution
d. cuts or wounds
_____ 5. Fixing electrical wiring avoid the danger of ______?
a. fails
b. collision
c. electric shock
d. burns
_____ 6. Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
a. Hazard
b. Psychological c. Risk
d. Chemical
32
_____ 7. The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an
adverse effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss.
a. psychological c. ergonomics b. risk d. none of the above
_____ 8. Any substance that can cause harm, primarily to people
a. substance c. chemical b. hazard d. psychological
_____ 9. It has recently been acknowledged in legislation as a workplace hazard. a. Risk c. psychological
b. Ergonomics d. chemical
_____ 10. Which of the following is an example of hazard? a. wet floor c. cake
b. flower d. baby
_____ 11. This consists of words or messages and a pictorial symbol which reflects a
specific meaning? a. Road sign
b. Safety sign c. Risk sign
d. Hazard sign
_____ 12. What is use to alert against unsafe practices like caution to prevent
injury?
a. Blue color sign c. Yellow color sign
b. Red color sign d. Green color sign
_____ 13. It is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,
health and welfare of the workers or employment,
a. Safety measures
b. Occupational safety and health
c. Degree of risk d. Hazard and risk control
_____ 14. Which of the following indicate the goal of all OSH program like
emergency exit and first aid.
a. Safe work environment b. Clean work environment
c. Harmonious work environment d. Healthy work environment
_____ 15. Which of the following label of color, reflects immediate hazardous
situations that might cause death or serious injuries.
a. White color b. Blue color
c. Orange color d. Red color
33
Additional Activities Activity 1.5
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is
wrong regarding the Evaluation of Hazards and Risks.. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
_____1. Stress may result to heart a disease.
_____2. Anemia is the result of exposure to lead which impaired the synthesis of
hemoglobin. _____3. Workplace stress is a minor health and safety hazard and has less effect on
health. _____4. Older workers run a higher risk of work injuries arising from lack of
experience. _____5. Mental ill-health is caused by stress, or by chemical exposures such as
mercury. _____6. Stress can make other disorders worst.
_____7. The effect that occupation may have on a worker's health is dependent on
the exposure (expressed quantitatively) to relevant agents, and on host factors.
_____8. Psychological disease may lead to suicidal thoughts. _____9. Every day at the workplace, workers face health and safety hazards such as
accidents, dust, chemicals, noise, and violence. _____10. Physical working conditions such as noise and vibration, temperature
extremes, overcrowding, exposure to toxic substances, and poor air
quality may or may not cause stress. _____ 11. The OSH eliminates or reduces health hazards in the workplace.
_____ 12. Physical working condition as noise and temperature will not result to stress.
______13. Workers or employees should assist government agencies in the conduct of safety and health inspection.
______14. Personal protective equipment is not a part of health and safety at work.
______15. Adverse health effects are more frequent and severe when exposure
occurs during childhood.
34
Answer Key
Practice Occupational Safety and Health Procedures LO 1. Identify Hazards and Risk
LO 2. Evaluate Hazards and Risks
What I Know Activity 1.1
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. C
What's More
Activity 1.2
1. e 6. i 2. a 7. H 3. d 8. J 4. b 9. F 5. c 10. g Activity 1.3
1. False 11.False
2. False 12.False
3. True 13.False
4. True 14. True
5. False 15.True
6. False
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. True
Assessment Activity 1.4
1. d
2. b
3. b 4. b
5. a 6. a
7. c 8. c
9. a 10. b
11. c
12. b 13. a
14. d
Additional Activity Activity 1.5
1. False
2. True 3. False
4. False 5. True
6. True
7. True 8. True
9. True 10. False
11. True 12. False
13. True
14. False 15. True
35
References
1. Technology and Livelihood Education 1 Josephine C. Bernardino Estifania Gloria L. Lee
2. Adopted from
Bread and Pastry Production Module for Grade 7&8 (Exploratory) K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum
Technology and Livelihood Education Module
