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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair 10-1 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458 ارات ر ق ل ا اذ خ ت ا ي ف ة ي م ك ل ا ب ي لسالار ا ر ق م ارات ر ق ل ا اذ خ ت ا ي ف ة ي م ك ل ا ب ي لسالار ا ر ق م ر! ش عا ل ل ا ص ف ل ا ن) ي ي ع ت ل ل وا ق ت ل ل ا ك ا! ش م ب ل طا ل اعداذ ا دوان هاذ ب ج راف! ش= ا ب ح ت رم حت م ل ا ور! ش عا ف ش و ي ور / ت ك الد اذ ي س= لا ا
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Page 1: To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair 10-1 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458 مقرر الاساليب.

To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-1 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

في الكمية االساليب في مقرر الكمية االساليب مقررالقرارات القرارات اتخاذ اتخاذ

العاشر الفصلوالتعيين النقل مشاكل

الطالب اعدادبدوان جهاد

أشراف تحتعاشور / يوسف الدكتور األستاذ

المحترم

Page 2: To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair 10-1 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458 مقرر الاساليب.

To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-2 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Quantitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis for Managementfor Management

Chapter 10Chapter 10Transportation and Transportation and Assignment ModelsAssignment Models

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-3 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Chapter OutlineChapter Outline10.1 Introduction مقدمة

10.2 Setting Up a Transportation Problem

النقل مشاكل تصميم و بناء

10.2 Developing an Initial Solution:Northwest

Corner Rule

طريقة باستخدام األولي الحل تطويرالغربية الشمالية الزاوية

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-4 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Chapter Outline - continuedChapter Outline - continued10.4 Stepping-Stone Method: Finding a Least-Cost

Solution

التنقل حجر طريقة بواسطة األقل التكلفة حل ايجاد) التوزيع)

10.5 MODI Method

المعدل التوزيع طريقة

10.6 Vogel’s Approximation Method: Another Way to Find an Initial Solution

الحل / إليجاد اخري طريقة التقريبية فوجل طريقةاألولي

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-5 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Chapter Outline - continuedChapter Outline - continued

10.7 Unbalanced Transportation Problems

النقل مشاكل في التوازن عدم حاالت

10.8 Degeneracy in Transportation Problems

النقل مشاكل في االنحالل حاالت

10.9 More Than One Optimal Solution

واحد أمثل حل من أكثر وجود حاالت

10.10 Facility Location Analysis

جديدة انتاج مواقع الستحداث التحليل اسلوب

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-6 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesStudents will be able to

Structure special linear programming problems using the transportation and assignment models.

باستخدام الخاصة الخطية البرمجة نماذج بناء. التعيين و النقل نماذج

Use the northwest corner method and Vogel’s approximation method to find initial solutions to transportation problems.

الحل إليجاد المختلفة الطرق استخدامالمبدئي

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-7 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Learning Objectives - continuedLearning Objectives - continuedApply the stepping-stone and MODI methods to find

optimal solutions to transportation problems. إليجاد المعدل التوزيع و التوزيع طريقة تطبيق

األمثل الحلSolve the facility location problem and other

application problems with the transportation model. النقل نماذج باستخدام العملية المشاكل حل

Solve assignment problems with the Hungarian )matrix reduction( method.

الهنغارية الطريقة باستخدام التعيين مشاكل حل

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-8 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

IntroductionIntroductionTwo Special LP Models

The Transportation and Assignment problems are types of LP techniques

called network flow problems.مشاكل النقل و التعيين نوع من طرق البرمجة الخطية التي تسمي

التدفق الشبكي1. Transportation Problem

Deals with the distribution of goods from several points of supply (sources) to a number of points of demand (destinations).

Transportation models can also be used when a firm is trying to decide where to locate a new facility.

Good financial decisions concerning facility location also attempt to minimize total transportation and production costs for the entire system.

والتوزيع االنتاج مراكز بين للتوزيع تستخدموالمساعدة جديدة انتاجية مواقع استحداث وقرارات

التكاليف لتقليل الالزمة المالية القرارات اختيار في

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-9 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

IntroductionIntroductionTwo Special LP Models2. Assignment Problem

Refers to the class of LP problems that involve determining the most efficient assignment of

طريقة تحدد التى الخطية البرمجة من نوع النقل مشاكل كذلكاألكفأ التعيين

o people to projects, المشاريع علي األفراد تعيينo salespeople to territories, و المناطق علي البيع مندوبي تعييين

االقاليمo contracts to bidders, المتعهدين علي العقود توزيعo jobs to machines, etc. اآلالت علي الوظائف توزيع

The objective is most often to minimize total costs or total time of performing the tasks at hand.

One important characteristic of assignment problems is that only one job or worker is assigned to one machine or project.

وأحد ، التكاليف تقليل هو ذلك من الهدف ومهمة لكل واحد مورد توزيع النموذج هذا مميزات

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-10 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Importance of Special- Importance of Special- Purpose AlgorithmsPurpose Algorithms

More efficient special-purpose algorithms than LP (though applicable) exist for solving the Transportation and Assignment applications.

As in the simplex algorithm, they involve finding an initial solution, testing this solution to see if it is optimal, and developing an improved solution. This process continues until an optimal solution is reached.

Unlike the simplex method, the Transportation and Assignment methods are fairly simple in terms of computation.

و النقل لمسائل الرياضية النماذج حل طريقةالتعيين

المبدئي الحل يسمي للمشكلة ممكن حل أول ايجاد الحل مثالية اختبار مثالي غير كان إذا الحل تحسين الحل إلي نصل حتى السابقة الخطوات تكرار

المثالي

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-11 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Specialized ProblemsSpecialized Problems Transportation Problem

Distribution of items from several sources to several destinations. Supply capacities and destination requirements known.

Assignment ProblemOne to one assignment of people to jobs, etc.

Specialized algorithms save time!Specialized algorithms save time!

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-12 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Importance of Special- Importance of Special- Purpose AlgorithmsPurpose Algorithms

Streamlined versions of the simplex method are important for two reasons:

1. Their computation times are generally 100 times faster than the simplex algorithm.

2. They require less computer memory (and hence can permit larger problems to be solved).

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-13 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Importance of Special- Importance of Special- Purpose AlgorithmsAlgorithms

Two common techniques for developing initial solutions are: the northwest corner method and Vogel’s approximation method.

After an initial solution is developed, it must be evaluated by either the stepping-stone method or the modified distribution (MODI) method.

Also introduced is a solution procedure for assignment problems alternatively called the Hungarian method, Flood’s technique, or the reduced matrix method.

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-14 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Setting Up a Transportation Setting Up a Transportation ProblemProblem

The Executive Furniture Corporation Manufactures office desks at three

locations: Des Moines (A), Evansville (B), and Fort

Lauderdale (C). The firm distributes the desks through

regional warehouses located in Boston (D), Albuquerque (E) , and Cleveland

(F) (see following slide).

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-15 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Transportation ProblemTransportation Problem

Des Moines)100 units(

Capacity)A(

Cleveland)200 units(Required

)F(

Boston)200 units(

Required )D(

Evansville)300 units(

Capacity)B(

Ft. Lauderdale)300 units(

Capacity )C(

Albuquerque)300 units(

Required )E(

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-16 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Transportation CostsTransportation Costs

From(Sources)

To(Destinations)

D E F

A

B

C

$5

$8

$9

$4

$4

$7

$3

$3

$5

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-17 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Unit Shipping Cost:1Unit, Unit Shipping Cost:1Unit, Factory to WarehouseFactory to Warehouse

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

5 4 3

3

57

48

9

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-18 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Total Demand and Total SupplyTotal Demand and Total Supply

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

300 200 200 700

300

300

100

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-19 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Transportation Table For Transportation Table For Executive Furniture Corp.Executive Furniture Corp.

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

300 200 200 700

300

300

1005 4 3

3

57

48

9

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-20 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Initial Solution Using the Initial Solution Using the Northwest Corner RuleNorthwest Corner Rule

Start in the upper left-hand cell and allocate units to shipping routes as follows:

للنقل نبدأ الكمية نحدد و اليسار أعلي الخلية من Exhaust the supply )factory capacity( of each row before moving down to the

next row.

التحرك قبل صف لكل االنتاجية الطاقة نستنفذلألسفل

Exhaust the demand )warehouse( requirements of each column before moving to the next column to the right.

التالي للعمود التحرك قبل عمود لكل الطلب نستنفذ Check that all supply and demand requirements are met.

المطلوبة و المنتجة الكميات مقابلة من نتأكد

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-21 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Initial SolutionInitial SolutionNorth West Corner RuleNorth West Corner Rule

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

300 200 200 700

300

300

1005 4 3

3

57

48

9

100

200 100

100 200

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-22 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

LOWEST COST RULELOWEST COST RULEاألقل التكاليف األقل قاعدة التكاليف قاعدة

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

300 200 200 700

300

300

1005 4 3

3

57

48

9

100

200 100

300

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-23 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

COLUMNE LOWEST COST RuleCOLUMNE LOWEST COST Ruleالعمود في االقل التكاليف العمود قاعدة في االقل التكاليف قاعدة

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

300 200 200 700

300

300

1005 4 3

3

57

48

9

100

200 100

100 200

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-24 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Vogel’s ApproximationVogel’s Approximationالغرامات الغرامات طريقة طريقة

1. For each row/column of table, find difference between two lowest costs. )Opportunity cost(

غرامة ) ( عمود و صف لكل تكلفتين أقل بين الفرق نوجد. الفرصة تكلفة

2. Find greatest opportunity cost. غرامة أكبر نختار3.Assign as many units as possible to lowest cost square in row/column

with greatest opportunity cost.

مقابلة . تكلفة ألقل المتاحة الكمية نعين

1. Eliminate row or column which has been

completely satisfied . المستنفذ العمود أو الصف من نتخلص1. Begin again, omitting eliminated rows/columns.

السابقة . الخطوات نكرر

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-25 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Vogel’s ApproximationVogel’s Approximation

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

300 200 200 700

300

300

1005 4 3

3

57

48

9

33 00

11

11

22

00

100

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-26 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Vogel’s ApproximationVogel’s Approximation

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

200 200 200 700

300

300

05 4 3

3

57

48

9

11 22

11

11

22

33

100

200

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-27 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Vogel’s ApproximationVogel’s Approximation

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

200 0 200 700

300

100

05 4 3

3

57

48

9

11 22

11

55

44

33

100200

100

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-28 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Vogel’s ApproximationVogel’s Approximation

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

200 0 100 700

300

0

05 4 3

3

57

48

9

11 22

11

55

44

33

100200

100

100200

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The Stepping-Stone MethodThe Stepping-Stone Methodحتى نتمكن من تحسين الحل يجب أن يكون

عددا لخاليا المملوءة في كل جدول من جداول النقل يجب أن يساوي

عدد االعمدة + عدد الصفوف – 1M+N-1 Select any unused square to evaluate.

لتقيمها فارغة خلية أي نحدد 1. Begin at this square. Trace a closed path back to the original square

via squares that are currently being used )only horizontal or vertical moves allowed(.

ويمر الخلية نفس إلي يعود مغلق مسار نرسم و الخلية هذه من نبدأفقط . وعمودية أفقية الحركة تكون أن علي المملوءة بالخاليا

2. Place + in unused square; alternate - and + on each corner square of the closed path.

. + - + وهكذا ثم باإلشارة ونتبعها الفارغة الخلية أشارة نحدد

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-30 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

The Stepping-Stone MethodThe Stepping-Stone Method 4. Calculate improvement index: add together

the unit cost figures found in each square containing a +; subtract the unit cost figure in each square containing a -.

التكاليف بجمع التحسين دليل نحسبمراعين السير خط علي الموجودة

- + ، اإلشارات 5. Repeat steps 1 - 4 for each unused square.

الخاليا لجميع السابقة الخطوات نكررالفارغة

يحتاج السالب التحسين دليل ذو المسارتعديل . إعادة إلي

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10-31 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Stepping-Stone Method - The Stepping-Stone Method - The Des Moines-to-Cleveland RouteDes Moines-to-Cleveland Route

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

300 200 200 700

300

300

1005 4 3

3

57

48

9

200

100

100

100 200

-- ++

--

++

++

--

Start

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10-32 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

D E F

A100

B200 100

C100 200

5 4 3

8 4 3

9 7 5

خطوات حل طريقة حجر التنقل ) التوزيع (

C13C11

C21 C22

C32 C33

+-

+-

+-

35

4

7 5

التحسين = دليل3-5+8-4+7-5=4

C12C11

C21C22

45

8 4

التحسين = 3=4-8+5-4دليل

8

C23C22

C32C33

34

7 5

التحسين = -4+3دليل7+5=1C22C21

C31C32

48

9 7

-4+7-9دليل التحسين =8-=2

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-33 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Obtaining an improved solution

D E F

A100

B200 100

C100 200

5 4 3

8 4 3

9 7 5

C22C21

C31C32

48

9 7

-4+7-9دليل التحسين =8-=2

نضع الكميات علي رؤوس المسار•

نختار أقل كمية ذات اإلشارة السالبة•

نطرح هذه الكمية من الرؤوس السالبة و نجمعها مع •الرؤوس الموجبة

-

+-

+

200100

100

0

200

100

D E F

A100

B100 200

C100 200

5 4 3

8 4 3

9 7 5

100

التحسين • حسب الجدول توزيع نعيدمثالية اختبار بإعادة نقوم ثم الجديدلجميع السير خطوط رسم أي الحل

التحسين دليل حساب و الفارغة الخالياموجبة األدلة جميع كانت فإذا خلية لكل

مثاليا الحل كان

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-34 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

A B C

D100

E100 200

F100 200

5 4 3

8 4 3

9 7 5

C13C11

C31C33

35

9 5

التحسين = 2=5-9+5-3دليل

C12C11

C21C22

45

8 4

التحسين = 3=4-8+5-4دليل

C23C21

C31C33

38

9 5

التحسين =- 1=-5-9+8-3دليل

C22C21

C31C32

48

9 7

التحسين = 2=9-8+4-7دليل

C23C21

C31C33

38

9 5200100

100

200

100100

A B C

D100

E200 100

F200 100

5 4 3

8 4 3

9 7 5

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-35 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

A B C

D100

E200 100

F200 100

5 4 3

8 4 3

9 7 5

C13C11

C31C33

35

9 5

التحسين = -3دليل5+9-5=2

التحسين = 2= 4+4-3+5-9+5-4دليل

C23C21

C31C33

38

9 5

التحسين = -5+9-8دليل3=1

C22 C23

C33C32

34

57

التحسين = -3+5-7دليل4=1

C12C11

C31 C33

45

95

C23C22

4

3

لجميع التحسين دليل فأن نالحظ كمافأن إذن موجب الفارغة الحل الخاليا

األمثل الحل هو الكلية = 3900=5*100+9*200+3*100+4*200+5*100التكلفة

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-36 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

النهائي النهائي الحل الحل

Des Moines)A(

Evansville)B(

Ft Lauderdale)C(

WarehouseReq.

Albuquerque)D(

Boston)E(

Cleveland)F(

FactoryCapacity

300 200 200 700

300

300

1005 4 3

3

57

48

9

100

200

100200

100

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-37 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

MODI Method: 5 StepsMODI Method: 5 Stepsاألولي الحل لتحسين الثانية األولي الطريقة الحل لتحسين الثانية الطريقة

1. Compute the values for each row and column: set Ri + Kj = Cij for those squares currently used or occupied.

قيم نحسب و جديدين عمود و صف نضيفالصفوف Riاالعمدة قيم و ،Ki بواسطةللخاليا Cij=Ri+Kjالمعادلة المقابلة

المملوءة.2. After writing all equations, set R1 = 0.

قيمة بجعل صفر . R1نبدأ تساوي3. Solve the system of equations for Ri and Kj values.

قيم المتبقية Ri and Kjنحسب

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10-38 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

MODI Method: 5 StepsMODI Method: 5 Steps

4 .Compute the improvement index for each unused square by the formula improvement index:

Cij - Ri - Kj

المعادلة . حسب التحسين دليل نحسب5. Select the largest negative index and proceed to solve

the problem as you did using the stepping-stone method.

طريقة في كما ننستكمل و سالب دليل أكبر نحددالتنقل . حجر

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10-39 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

MODI Method: MODI Method: مثالمثال

D E F Ri

A100

0

B200 100

C100 200

Kj

5 4 3

8 4 3

9 7 5

C11=R1+K1 5=0+K1 K1=5

5

C21=R2+K1 8=R2+5 R2=3

C22=R2+K2 4=3+K2 K2=1

C32=R3+K2 7=R3+1 R3=6

C33=R3+K3 5=6+K3 K3=-13

1

6

-1

الخاليا لجميع التحسين دليل نحسبD12=4-0-1=3الفارغة D13=3-0-)-1(=4

D23=3-3-)-1(=1 D31=9-6-5=-2

C22C21

C31C32

48

9 7

الخلية أن إلي D31نجد تحتاجالسابقة الخطوات نعيد تحسين

األمثل الحل إلي نصل حتى

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-40 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

MODI Method: MODI Method: مثالمثال

D E F Ri

A100

0

B100 200

C100 200

Kj

5 4 3

8 4 3

9 7 5

C11=R1+K1 5=0+K1 K1=5

5

C21=R2+K1 8=R2+5 R2=3

C31=R3+K1 9=R3+5 R3=4

C22=R2+K2 4=3+K2 K2=1

C33=R3+K3 5=4+K3 K3=13

1

4

1

الخاليا لجميع التحسين دليل نحسبD12=4-0-1=3الفارغة D13=3-0-1=2

D23=3-3-1=-1 D32=7-4-1=2

C23C21

C31C33

38

9 5

الخلية أن تحتاج D32نجدنعيد تحسين إلي

حتى السابقة الخطواتاألمثل الحل إلي نصل

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-41 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

MODI Method: MODI Method: مثالمثال

D E F Ri

A100

0

B200 100

C200 100

Kj

5 4 3

8 4 3

9 7 5

C11=R1+K1 5=0+K1 K1=5

5

C31=R3+K1 9=R3+5 R3=4

C33=R3+K3 5=4+K3 K3=1

C23=R2+K3 3=R2+1 R2=2

C22=R2+K2 4=2+K2 K2=22

2

4

1

الخاليا لجميع التحسين دليل نحسبD12=4-0-2=2الفارغة D13=3-0-1=2

D21=8-5-2=1 D32=7-4-2=1

األمثل الحل وهو

الكلية = 3900=5*100+9*200+8*100+4*200+5*100التكلفة

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-42 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Special Problems in Special Problems in Transportation MethodTransportation Method

Unbalanced ProblemDemand Less than SupplyDemand Greater than Supply

Degeneracy االنحالل More Than One Optimal Solution

واحد أمثل حل من أكثر

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10-43 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Unbalanced ProblemUnbalanced ProblemDemand Less than SupplyDemand Less than Supply

يكون عندما التوازن عدم حاالت تحدثيساوي ال المطلوبة الكميات مجموع

المنتجة . الكميات مجموع أو ، أنتاج مركز نضيف الحالة هذه لعالج

طاقته تكون وهمي استهالك مركزيحقق الذي الفرق عن عبارة االنتاجيةالنقل تكلفة تكون أن شرط المساواه

صفر / تساوي المركز هذا إلي من

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10-44 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Unbalanced ProblemUnbalanced ProblemDemand Less than SupplyDemand Less than Supply

Factory 1

Factory 2

Factory 3

Customer Requirements

Customer1 Customer 2 Dummy FactoryCapacity

150 80 150 380

80

130

1708 5 0

0

09

1015

3

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-45 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Unbalanced ProblemUnbalanced ProblemSupply Less than DemandSupply Less than Demand

Factory 1

Factory 2

Dummy

Customer Requirements

Customer 1

Customer 2

Customer 3

FactoryCapacity

150 80 150 380

80

130

1708 5 16

7

00

1015

0

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-46 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

DegeneracyDegeneracy االنحالل االنحالل حالة حالة

جداول من جدول كل في المملوءة لخاليا عددايساوي أن يجب النقل

الصفوف + – عدد االعمدة 1عدد

M+N-1

المملوءة الخاليا عدد فيها يكون حالة نواجة عندماو ، االنحالل حالة هي الحالة هذه فأن ذلك من أقل

المسارات رسم علي المقدرة عدم تتمثل المشكلةالمعامالت حساب أو الحل لتحسين Ki;Riالمطلوبة

يعيق ذلك فأن عليه المعدلة التوزيع طريقة فياألمثل . الحل إلي الوصول

منقولة شحنة وجود نفترض المشكلة هذه لمعالجةويتم) ( صفر تساوي الكمية فيها ،تكون مصطنعة

أو المسارات رسم علي تساعد بحيث اختيارهاالمعامالت . حساب

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10-47 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

خاصة خاصة مشاكل مشاكلمن • أكثر النقل مشكلة لحل يكون أن الممكن من من أكثر النقل مشكلة لحل يكون أن الممكن من

الجراء خيار من أكثر وجود يعني ،وهذا أمثل الجراء حل خيار من أكثر وجود يعني ،وهذا أمثل حلللمدراء يقدم هذا و ، التكلفة بنفس النقل للمدراء عملية يقدم هذا و ، التكلفة بنفس النقل عملية

القرار . اتخاذ لعملية أكبر القرار .مرونة اتخاذ لعملية أكبر مرونةاألرباح • لتعظيم النقل نماذج استخدام األرباح يمكن لتعظيم النقل نماذج استخدام يمكن

دليل نختار أننا الحالة هذه في الوحيد التغيير دليل و نختار أننا الحالة هذه في الوحيد التغيير وأكبر بدل موجبة قيمة أعلي يقابل الذي أكبر التحسين بدل موجبة قيمة أعلي يقابل الذي التحسين

سالبة . سالبة .قيمة قيمةUNACCEPTABLE OR PROHIBITED RoutesUNACCEPTABLE OR PROHIBITED Routes

انتاج مركز بين النقل امكانية عدم الحالة هذه انتاج تعني مركز بين النقل امكانية عدم الحالة هذه تعنياستهالك . مركز و استهالك .معين مركز و معين

عالية نقل تكلفة نفترض المشكلة هذه لعالج عالية و نقل تكلفة نفترض المشكلة هذه لعالج والحل . من استبعادها يتم الحل .بحيث من استبعادها يتم بحيث

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-48 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

The Assignment MethodThe Assignment Method1. subtract the smallest number in each row from every

number in that row subtract the smallest number in each

column from every number in that column

: الفرصة تكاليف جدول بناء األولي الخطوة ذلك قيم من صف كل في األقل القيمة نطرح

الصف ذلك قيم من عمود كل في األقل القيمة نطرح

العمود

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-49 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

The Assignment MethodThe Assignment Method

2. draw the minimum number of vertical and horizontal straight lines necessary to cover zeros in the table if the number of lines equals the number

of rows or columns, then one can make an optimal assignment )step 4(

األمثل الحل إلي الوصول امكانية تحديد لتغطية عمودية و أفقية خطوط برسم وذلك

كان . فإذا األولي الخطوة عن الناتجة األصفارالتعيينات عدد إلي مساوي الخطوط هذه عدد

الرابعة . الخطوة إلي ننتقل المطلوبة

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10-50 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

The Assignment Method The Assignment Method continuedcontinued

3. if the number of lines does not equal the number of rows or columns subtract the smallest number not covered by a line from

every other uncovered number add the same number to any number lying at the

intersection of any two lines return to step 2

: مكشوفة قيمة أقل نحدد الجدول تحسينالقيم جميع من نطرحها و الجدول في

.المكشوفة4. make optimal assignments at locations of zeros within the table

تخصيص : يتم حيث األمثل الحل تحديدقيميتها التي الخاليا باستخدام الموارد

صفر . تساوي

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Hungarian MethodHungarian Method

Person Project

1 2 3Adams 11 14 6

Brown 8 10 11

Cooper 9 12 7

Initial TableInitial Table

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-52 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Hungarian MethodHungarian Method

Person Project

1 2 3Adams 5 8 0

Brown 0 2 3

Cooper 2 5 0

Row ReductionRow Reduction

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-53 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Hungarian MethodHungarian Method

Person Project

1 2 3Adams 5 6 0

Brown 0 0 3

Cooper 2 3 0

Column ReductionColumn Reduction

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-54 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Hungarian MethodHungarian Method

Person Project

1 2 3Adams 5 6 0

Brown 0 0 3

Cooper 2 3 0

TestingTesting Covering Line 2

Covering Line 1

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-55 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Hungarian MethodHungarian Method

Person Project

1 2 3Adams 3 4 0

Brown 0 0 5

Cooper 0 1 0

Revised Opportunity Cost TableRevised Opportunity Cost Table

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To accompany Quantitative Analysis for Management, 7e by Render/ Stair

10-56 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Hungarian MethodHungarian Method

Person Project

1 2 3Adams 3 4 0

Brown 0 0 5

Cooper 0 1 0

TestingTestingCovering

Line 1

Covering Line 2

Covering Line 3

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10-57 © 2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458

Hungarian MethodHungarian Method

Person Project

1 2 3Adams 6

Brown 10

Cooper 9

AssignmentsAssignments


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