To Condone or Condemn

8/10/2019 To Condone or Condemn

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Benjamin N. Cardozo School of LawJacob Burns Institute for Advanced Legal Studies

2007Working Paper No. 198

To Condone or Condemn? RegionalEnforcement Actions in the Absence

of Security Council Authorization

Monica Hakimi Visiting Assistant Professor of LawBenjamin N. Cardozo School of Law

55 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10003

United States(212) 790-0449 (Phone)(212) 790-0205 (Fax)

[email protected]

This paper can be downloaded free of charge from the Social Science Research Network athttp://ssrn.comb /abstract=1010359


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644 VANDERBILT JOURNAL OF TRANSNATIONAL LAW [Vol. 40:643

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2007] Regional Enforcement Actions 645

*A3 20.93510N 210 @1BB3@*(E3 )3@D0(*L 3)*.PB()A3= PL *A3 G;:; .*(1+)6 .+= *A3 93=(.; _10. =()@D))(1+ 1+ *A3 P03.=*A 12 *A3 (+*30+.*(1+.B @199D+(*L6 )33 R; Q(@A.3B W3()9.+6.$%6'3-2'6 D&3%#$ '$? 3,- +2'$49#2*'3%#$4 #9 3,- Y#26? 1#$43%3;3%B- ^2#&-44\ +,-=A-&%'6 2#56-* #9 (;*'$%3'2%'$ I$3-2B-$3%#$ 6 ^^ YGW; O; V:C K4 4; #6 ^# bSTTTc;


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PL 03(*30.*(+, *A3 .*(1+) *A.* *A3


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@199D+(*L 3+=10)3) *A3


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0DB3 3E3+ .) *A3L .@jD(3)@3 10 I.0*(@(I.*3 (+ . =3E(.*(1+;AG CA()@1+*(+D3= 03B(.+@3 1+ *A3


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?3@D0(*L


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*A3 ?3@D0(*L .*(1+ 12 -930(@.+


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h3+210@393+* .@*(1+i *1 (+@BD=3 1+BL 9(B(*.0L 93.)D03) .+= +1*=(IB19.*(@ 10 3@1+19(@ 1+3);CB CA() -0*(@B3 *AD) D)3) *A3 IA0.)33+210@393+* .@*(1+ *1 93.+ @130@(E3 93.)D03) *A.* (+E1BE3 *A3 D)3 12.093= 210@3 .+= *A.* .03 +1* *.N3+ (+ )3B2g=323+)3;CA3 G;:; .*(1+ b:-CFc 10*A3 +15 =32D+@* R.0).5 /.@*;CC RA303.) 03,(1+.B .00.+,393+*) .+=.,3+@(3) 5303 D+=30)*11= *1 .==03)) 9.**30) .91+, *A3(0 939P30)*.*3) .+= *1 P3 ,1E30+3= PL 3064;A2' +1*3 S#6 .* U^[ b=()@D))(+, *A3 I1)(*(1+*A.* :-CF () +1* . 03,(1+.B .,3+@Lcd -'24 6 ^! :;Z;4; ?


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.=1I*3= PL *A3+ ?3@03*.0LgM3+30.B 71D*01) 71D*01)gMA.B( (+ A() ^[[S D7-$?' 9#2 ^-'&- \

CA3 .*(1+)6 5A3*A30 @03.*3= P32103 10 .2*30 *A321D+=(+, 12 *A3 G+(*3= :.*(1+)6 03,(1+.B .00.+,393+*) 210 9D*D.B)3@D0(*L .+= =323+@36 10,.+(>.*(1+) 210 ,3+30.B 03,(1+.B =3E3B1I93+* 10210 @11I30.*(1+ 1+ . I.0*(@DB.0 3@1+19(@ *1I(@ 10 2D+@*(1+6 .+= ,01DI)@03.*3= *1 =3.B 5(*A . )I3@(2(@ I1B(*(@.B6 3@1+19(@ 10 )1@(.B ())D3 12@D003+* @1+@30+;CG

CA() -0*(@B3 *.N3) *A3 ).93 2B3J(PB3 .II01.@A; Q1031E306 210 3.)3 12032303+@36 (* D)3) *A3 *309 h03,(1+.B .00.+,393+*)i *1 (+@BD=3 *A3,.9D* 12 )D@A 3+*(*(3)6 1+ *A3 D+=30)*.+=(+, *A.* . 03,(1+.B .,3+@L10 10,.+(>.*(1+ () )(9IBL . 9103 A(,ABL =3E3B1I3= 2109 12 03,(1+.B.00.+,393+*; CH

VVV; WYMVF:-4 - WW-:MYQY:C? V: -


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.+= *A3 F0,.+(>.*(1+ 12 Y.)*30+


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^; _.@*) .+=


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*A.*


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S; 43,.B H()@D))(1+

CA303 () +1 jD3)*(1+ *A.* *A3 jD.0.+*(+3 @1+)*(*D*3= *A3 *A03.*

10 D)3 12 210@3 D+=30 (+*30+.*(1+.B B.5;FA

-* *A3 *(936 *A3 G+(*3=?*.*3) .0,D3= *A.* +1 ?3@D0(*L .*(1+ 5.) +3@3)).0L1+ *A3 ,01D+= *A.* *A3 jD.0.+*(+3 5.) +1* .+ 3+210@393+* .@*(1+5(*A(+ *A3 )@1I3 12 -0*(@B3 ]#;FB V+ 1*A30 510=)6 *A3 G+(*3= ?*.*3).**39I*3= *1 8D)*(2L *A3 jD.0.+*(+3 (+ *309) 12 *A3


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IA0.)3 h3+210@393+* .@*(1+i PD* +1* (+ . 5.L *A.* )DII10*) *A3 G;?;M1E30+93+*K) I1)(*(1+; CA3 @1D0* 9.=3 @B3.0 *A.* *A3 =()*(+,D()A(+,23.*D03 12 .+ 3+210@393+* .@*(1+ () +1* *A.* (* () (9IB393+*3= PL9.+=.*3 b0.*A30 *A.+ PL 03@1993+=.*(1+c PD* *A.* (* () D+=30*.N3+5(*A1D* *A3 @1+)3+* 12 *A3 )*.*3 (+ 5A(@A *A3 .@*(1+ 1@@D0);FG

1-23'%$ _CA-$4-4 *AD) =13) +1* )*.+= 210 *A3 I01I1)(*(1+ *A.*1+BL .@*(1+) (9IB393+*3= PL 9.+=.*3 @1+)*(*D*3 3+210@393+* .@*(1+)210 ID0I1)3) 12 -0*(@B3 ]#; CA.* I01I1)(*(1+ ()6 (+ .+L 3E3+*6 .P)D0=;V2 (* 5303 .=1I*3=6 )*.*3 I.0*(@(I.+*) (+ 03,(1+.B .00.+,393+*) 51DB=A.E3 *1 1P*.(+ ?3@D0(*L .*(1+ P32103 D)(+, 210@3ID0)D.+* *1 )193 3J*0.gG;:; 1PB(,.*(1+ b3;,;6 . 9.+=.*3c PD* +1*P32103 D)(+, 210@3 E1BD+*.0(BL b3;,;6 ID0)D.+* *1 . 03@1993+=.*(1+c;FH

V+ *A3 9193+*6 A153E306 *A3 =()*(+@*(1+ P3*533+ 9.+=.*10L .+=03@1993+=.*10L .@*(1+) )30E3= . D)32DB ID0I1)3\ V* .BB153= *A3G+(*3= ?*.*3) *1 .=E.+@3 . *3@A+(@.B6 B3,.B 8D)*(2(@.*(1+ 210 *A3jD.0.+*(+3 5(*A1D* 1E30*BL D+=309(+(+, *A3


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Q1)* 1*A30 )*.*3) 03)I1+=3= PL @1+=1+(+, 10 .* B3.)* *1B30.*(+,*A3 =3E(.*(1+ 2019 -0*(@B3 ]#; - +D9P30 12 )*.*3) 1I3+BL )DII10*3=*A3 F-? .@*(1+;GA V+=33=6 3E3+


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03B(3= 1+ @03.*(E3 .0,D93+*) P.)3= 1+ ,3+30.B D)3g12g210@3 I0(+@(IB3);?193 )@A1B.0) .0,D3= *A.* *A3 jD.0.+*(+3 5.) +1* I01A(P(*3= D+=30

-0*(@B3 Sb"c;GH F*A30) .0,D3= *A.* *A3 jD.0.+*(+3 5.) . B.52DB .@* 12)3B2g=323+)36 1+ *A3 D+=30)*.+=(+, *A.* *A3 =3IB1L93+* 12 [email protected]+) (+


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-B*A1D,A (+*30+.*(1+.B I0.@*(@3 )DP)3jD3+* *1 *A3 .=1I*(1+ 12 *A3G;:;


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?*.*3)6 93.+5A(B36 A.= (*) 15+ @1+@30+) .P1D* *A3 WQ< .+= *A3).23*L 12 *A3 .II01J(9.*3BL ^6TTT G;?; +.*(1+.B) 1+ *A3 ()B.+=;HI 7LF@*1P30 S#6 /03)(=3+* W3.,.+ 9.=3 *A3 I01E()(1+.B =3@()(1+ *1 D)39(B(*.0L 210@3 (+ M03+.=.;IJHD0(+, *A3 3.0BL 910+(+, A1D0) 12 F@*1P30 S"6 *A3 M03+.=(.+M1E30+10gM3+30.B6 5A1 .* *A3 *(93 5.) D+=30 WQ


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@1D+*0(3) .+= E(353= *A3 9(B(*.0L .@*(1+ (+ *309) 12 *A3 D+8D)*(2(3=(+*302303+@3 PL . )DI30I1530 (+ *A3 (+*30+.B .22.(0) 12 . 9D@A )9.BB30.+= 53.N30 )*.*3; II Z3* 3E3+ @1D+*0(3) *A.* *LI(@.BBL .BB(3= 5(*A *A3

G+(*3= ?*.*3)6 )D@A .) _0.+@3 .+= *A3 :3*A30B.+=)6 jD3)*(1+3= *A3B3,.B(*L 12 *A3 .@*(1+ D+=30 (+*30+.*(1+.B B.5;AJJ V+=33=6 =D0(+, *A3*A033 =.L) 12 =()@D))(1+ P32103 *A3 ?3@D0(*L


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.@*(1+K) @1+)()*3+@L 5(*A -0*(@B3 ]#; 7D* *A3 )3B2g=323+)3 .0,D93+* ()D+21D+=3=d *A3 WQ< A.= +1* D)3= 210@3 .,.(+)* .+L 12 (*)


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.@N+15B3=,3 (*) =3E(.*(1+ 2019 -0*(@B3 ]# 10 *1 .=1I* .+ 3JI.+)(E3(+*30I03*.*(1+ 12 *0.=(*(1+.B D)3g12g210@3 I0(+@(IB3); AAB V2 *A3M1E30+10gM3+30.B @1+)3+*3= *1 *A3 9(B(*.0L .@*(1+6 *A3+ (* 5.) +1* .+

3+210@393+* .@*(1+ 5(*A(+ *A3 *309) 12 -0*(@B3 ]#6 PD* 0.*A30 .+.@*(E(*L .II01I0(.*3 210 03,(1+.B .00.+,393+*) D+=30 -0*(@B3 ]S;AAC -+= .B*A1D,A *A303 5303 )30(1D) jD3)*(1+) .) *1 5A3*A30 *A3M1E30+10gM3+30.B A.= *A3 .D*A10(*L *1 @1+)3+* *1 *A3 .@*(1+ 1+M03+.=.K) P3A.B26 *A303 5303 =3@3+* .0,D93+*) *A.*6 21BB15(+,7()A1IK) =3.*A .+= (+ B(,A* 12 *A3 (+2.+@L 12 *A3 (+)D0,3+@L6 A3 =(=;AAD

CA3 I01PB39 5.) *A.*6 (+ *A3 3E3+*6 *A3 M1E30+10gM3+30.BK)03jD3)* .II3.03= *1 A.E3 +1 (9I.@* 1+ *A3 =3@()(1+ *1 D)3 210@3 (+M03+.=.;AAE CA3 FY


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9103 *A.+ *51 =.L) P32103 03@3(E(+, *A3 M1E30+10gM3+30.BK) 03jD3)*210 .))()*.+@3;AAF Q1031E306 =D0(+, *A3 3.0BL =.L) 12 *A3 (+*30E3+*(1+6*A3 )*.*3) *A.* I.0*(@(I.*3= (+ (* =(= +1* 21@D) 1+ *A.* 03jD3)* *1

8D)*(2L *A3(0 .@*(1+ P32103 *A3 ?3@D0(*L


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(+*3+)3d .B91)* .BB 12 *A39 .0,D3= *A.* *A3 D)3 12 210@3 (+ M03+.=.5.) D+B.52DB;ABC


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@1+)(=30.PB3 AD9.+ @.)D.B*(3)\ 7L -D,D)* ^[[T6 1E30 1+3 9(BB(1+4(P30(.+) A.= P33+ =()IB.@3= .+= .II01J(9.*3BL ]6TTT N(BB3=;ACJ

CA3 @1+2B(@* (+ 4(P30(. @.D)3= @1+@30+ .91+, *A3 1*A30 Y


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4(P30(.;iACF CA3


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1223+)(E3 .**.@N) .,.(+)* *A3 :/_4 .+= )DII10*(+, .+*(gC.LB102.@*(1+)ADA m3E3+ .) Y


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S; 43,.B H()@D))(1+

CA3 B3,.B P.)() 210 Y3 *A3 D)312 9(B(*.0L 210@3;AEE Q1031E306 *A303 () )193 3E(=3+@3 *A.* *A3 2.(BD03

?aWY?a^T`^ b-D,; #T6 ^[[!c b@1993+=(+, Y


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*1 .D*A10(>3 *A3 D)3 12 210@3 5.) =3B(P30.*3; R3)*30+ =(IB19.*) .* *A3G;:; 03I10*3=BL 5303 I03I.03= *1 .D*A10(>3 1+BL I1B(*(@.B6 .+= +1*9(B(*.0L6 .@*(1+ (+ 4(P30(.;AEF CAD)6 *A3 2.@* *A.* *A3 ?3@D0(*L .*(1+ 12 -20(@.+ G+(*Lcd [2%3'%$ =;AA#234 _1FYD= _99#234 3#X-43#2- ^-'&- %$ T%5-2%' 6 }V:XG- MY:YW-4 : YR? ? YW'V


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*A3032103 @1DB= 3+=10)3 *A3 -@@10=6 .) 53BB .) Y3=c3+210@393+* .@*(1+ *A.* P01D,A* (* .P1D*; AFJ -* *A3 *(936 *A3

Z.91D))1DN01 V' -@@10= )3393= *1 P3 *A3 1+BL A1I3 210 03)1BE(+, *A3P0D*.B @1+2B(@* (+ 4(P30(.6 .+= *A3 (+*30+.*(1+.B @199D+(*L 5.))(9IBL 03B(3E3= *A.* Y3= *A3 D)3 12 210@3;AFD - +D9P30 12@1D+*0(3)6 (+@BD=(+, WD))(. .+=


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(+ ?3I*39P30 ^[[U6 *A3 ?3@D0(*L


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h(+*30+.*(1+.B )3@D0(*L I03)3+@3 5(*A )DP)*.+*(.B r:-CFsI.0*(@(I.*(1+;iAHJ

S; 43,.B -+.BL)()CA3 :-CF 939P30 )*.*3) =(= +1* )3* 210*A . @1A3)(E3 B3,.B

I1)(*(1+ *1 )DII10* *A3 3+210@393+* .@*(1+ (+ k1)1E1; CA3 .@*(+,43,.B -=E()30 .* *A3 G;?; ?*.*3 H3I.0*93+* B.*30 3JIB.(+3= *A.* h+1)(+,B3 2.@*10 10 =1@*0(+3 )3393= *1 P3 3+*(03BL ).*()2.@*10L *1 .BB:-CF 939P30) .) . 8D)*(2(@.*(1+ D+=30 *0.=(*(1+.B B3,.B)*.+=.0=);i AHA CAD)6 *A3 :-CF 939P30) *3+=3= *1 .E1(= B3,.B.0,D93+*) .+= (+)*3.= *1 39IA.)(>3 . @19P(+.*(1+ 12 2.@*10) *A.*6 (+*A3(0 9(+=)6 *1,3*A30 8D)*(2(3= *A3 D)3 12 210@3;AHB CA() 9DB*(g2.@*103=.II01.@A 5.) I0.,9.*(@d PL +1* .==03))(+, *A3 P.)() 210 *A3(0 .@*(1+(+ (+*30+.*(1+.B B.56 *A3 :-CF )*.*3) .E1(=3= .0*(@DB.*(+, . I1)(*(1+*A.* 51DB= 53.N3+ *A3 *0.=(*(1+.B @1+)*0.(+*) 1+ *A3 D)3 12 210@3 .+=*A303PL 9(+(9(>3= *A3 I03@3=3+*g)3**(+, 3223@*) 12 *A3(0 .@*(1+;AHC

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

^UT; ?;


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Z3* 1+3 51DB= P3 A.0=gI03))3= *1 =391+)*0.*3 *A.* :-CFK)3+210@393+* .@*(1+ 5.) @1+)()*3+* 5(*A *A3 =3)(,+ 12 *A3 G;:;


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(+)*3.= 12 @1+=39+(+, :-CF 210 *A.* .@*(1+6 *A3L *3+=3= *1.II10*(1+ PB.93 *1 73B,0.=3; AHI CA3)3 )*.*3) .E1(=3= *A3 jD3)*(1+) 125A3*A30 .+= A15 :-CFK) .@*(1+ @1DB= P3 03@1+@(B3= 5(*A *A3


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P3 (+E1BE3= (+ .+L =3@()(1+ *1 03)10* *1 *A3 D)3 12 210@3;iAID -* *A3).93 *(936 A153E306 *A3 ?3@03*.0LgM3+30.B I(++3= 03)I1+)(P(B(*L 210*A3 2.(BD03 12 =(IB19.@L 1+ 73B,0.=3 .+= @1+@3=3= *A.* h*A303 .03*(93) 5A3+ *A3 D)3 12 210@3 9.L P3 B3,(*(9.*3 (+ *A3 ID0)D(* 12I3.@3;iAIE

V'; CXY F /YW-CVF:-4 ? Z?CYQ

/.0* VVV 12 *A() -0*(@B3 03E(353= 21D0 @.)3) (+ 5A(@A . 03,(1+.B.00.+,393+* D)3= 210@3 +1* (+ )3B2g=323+)3 5(*A1D* 1P*.(+(+, ?3@D0(*L.*(1+; CA3)3 @.)3) =391+)*0.*3 *51 @0(*(@.B I1(+*);_(0)*6 *A3L =391+)*0.*3 *A.* *A3 (+*30+.*(1+.B 03)I1+)3 *1 . 03,(1+.B.@*(1+ () +1* P.)3= 3J@BD)(E3BL 1+ 5A3*A30 *A3 .@*(1+ () @1+)()*3+*5(*A *A3


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)A1DB= P3 =()@.0=3=6 3E3+ *A1D,A .* *A() I1(+* *A303 () @1+)(=30.PB3I03@3=3+* *1 *A.* 3223@*;

CA3 @.)3) 03E(353= (+ /.0* VVV *AD) =391+)*0.*3 *A3 @13J()*3+@3

12 *51 =(22303+* B3,.B )L)*39); CA3 .*(1+ 2019 *A3 ?3@D0(*L


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@1+*3J*; CA3 (+*30+.*(1+.B @199D+(*L () +1*10(1D)BL 2(@NB3 (+I01*3@*(+, (+*30+.*(1+.B +109)d 9.810 .@*10) )193*(93) PD* +1*.B5.L) P3B(3E3 .@*(1+ () .II01I0(.*3 *1 @3.)3 . AD9.+(*.0(.+ @0()()6 *1I03E3+* .+ (+@(=3+* 12 [email protected] I01B(230.*(1+6 10 *1 3B(9(+.*3 *30010()*A.E3+); CA3 (+*30+.*(1+.B 03)I1+)3 (+ .+L I.0*(@DB.0 @.)3 *AD) *D0+)1+ *A3 @1+*3J* (+ 5A(@A *A3)3 +109) .03 (9IB(@.*3= .+= *A3 3J*3+* *15A(@A *A3L @1+2B(@* 5(*A 1*A30 (+*303)*);

-) . ,3+30.B 9.**306 A153E306 *A3 (+*30+.*(1+.B @199D+(*L ()9103 B(N3BL *1 .@jD(3)@3 (+ .+ D+.D*A10(>3= 3+210@393+* .@*(1+ 5A303*A3 (+*303)*) P3(+, ).*()2(3= 03B.*3 b(+ )193 5.Lc *1 *A3 9.(+*3+.+@312 (+*30+.*(1+.B I3.@3 .+= )3@D0(*L; CA3 D)3 12 210@3 *1 9.(+*.(+(+*30+.*(1+.B I3.@3 .+= )3@D0(*L () .+ 3)*.PB()A3= @19I1+3+* 12 *A3(+*30+.*(1+.B B3,.B I01@3)) .+= () I01E(=3= 210 (+ *A3 G;:;


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I1))(PB3 5(*A(+ *A3 3= *A.* ?3@D0(*L .*(1+ 51DB= +1* P3210*A@19(+,6 .+= *A3+ 1+BL (+)12.0 .) 5.) +3@3)).0L *1 933* (*)(993=(.*3 3+=); BAJ 71*A .2*30 :-CF *A03.*3+3= *1 D)3 210@3 (+F@*1P30 ^[[U .+= .2*30 (* .@*D.BBL D)3= 210@3 (+ Q.0@A ^[[[6 (*jD(@NBL P01D,A* *A3 9.**30 P.@N (+*1 *A3


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CA() () I.0*(@DB.0BL *A3 @.)3 5A303 *A3 03,(1+.B .00.+,393+* .@*).,.(+)* 1+3 12 (*) 15+ 939P30 )*.*3); V+ *A.* 3E3+*6 *A3 *.0,3*3=939P30 )*.*3 9.L P3 =3393= *1 A.E3 hP1D,A* (+*1i *A3 03,(1+.B

03,(93 5(*A(+ 5A(@A *A3 03,(1+.B .00.+,393+* .@*);V+=33=6 (* () 210 03.)1+) 12 B3,(*(9.@L *A.* )*.*3) )33N(+, *1D+=30*.N3 .+ 3+210@393+* .@*(1+ 12*3+ =1 )1 *A01D,A 03,(1+.B.00.+,393+*)6 0.*A30 *A.+ .@*(+, 1+ *A3(0 15+; V+ *A3 @.)3 12 3= *A.* *A3 (+*30+.*(1+.B@199D+(*L 51DB= 9103 B(N3BL *1B30.*3 .+ .@*(1+ *.N3+ PL . ,01DI 12)*.*3)6 .@*(+, 5(*A(+ . I03g3)*.PB()A3= 20.93510N6 *A.+ 1+3 *.N3+ PL.+ (+=(E(=D.B6 I30A.I) ALI30)3+)(*(E3 )*.*3 (+ *A3 .P)3+@3 12 .+L@1+*01B); V+=33=6 =D0(+, ?3@D0(*L 3 *A3 .@*(1+;BAG CA3 (+*30+.*(1+.B 03.@*(1+21@D)3= A3.E(BL 1+ *A3 01B3 12 *A3 G+(*3= ?*.*3)6 .+= 9.+L .@*10)

=3393= B3,(*(9.*3 PL .B91)* .BB (+*30+.*(1+.B .@*10) 3E3+ *A1D,A (* 5.) (+@1+)()*3+*5(*A (*) 15+ ,1E30+(+, 20.93510N; ?DP)*.+*(E3BL6 Y(+, *A3 D)3 12 9(B(*.0L 210@3 (+ @.)3) B(N3 4(P30(.; CA3Y3 Y.a.2a03,10,aD+(*L&*1&D+(1+aI=2)a3@15.)a^#/01*QD*D.BH3 2-));I=2dY@1+19(@ .a.2aW3,F0,aD+(*L&*1&D+(1+aI=2)a3@15.)a^"/01*:1+-,,03;I=2d 4-- '64# 43E(**64;A2' +1*3 ^S[6 .* #"!g"`d F21=(B364;A2' +1*3 ^#`6 .* "^^; Q1031E306 3E3+ (2 *A3 Y


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*A303 .03 @1+)(=30.PB3 0()N) *A.* =(22303+* .@*10) 5(BB (+*30I03*=(22303+*BL *A3 I.0.93*30) 12 *A3 1I30.*(1+.B )L)*39 10 *A.* )193.@*10) 5(BB 2.(B *1 03@1,+(>3 *A.* )L)*39 .B*1,3*A306 .+= (+)*3.= 5(BB

(+*30I03* 03I3.*3= =3E(.*(1+) 2019 -0*(@B3 ]# *1 93.+ *A.* (*)I03)@0(I* () )(9IBL +1 B1+,30 B.5 .+= *A.* 03,(1+.B .00.+,393+*)9.L @B.(9 *A3 D+03)*0(@*3= 0(,A* *1 *.N3 3+210@393+* .@*(1+) 5(*A1D*?3@D0(*L .*(1+;

CA3 1I*(1+) 210 9.+.,(+, *A3)3 @1)*) .03 03B.*(E3BL B(9(*3=; CA3P3)* 1I*(1+ () 210 *A3


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.B*30+.*(E3 1I*(1+6 *A3 )*.*D) jD1 @1+*(+D3) *1 P3 *A3 P3)*

.00.+,393+* 210 9.+.,(+, 03,(1+.B 3+210@393+* .@*(1+);

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Date post:	02-Jun-2018
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