Today is Friday (!),October 9th, 2015

Pre-Class:Today we are reviewing.

Have your questions ready!

Today’s Agenda

• Review• Review• Currency?• Review

Review Game Rules

• I will ask a question to the class.• Each participant (that’s you) writes down the

answer silently.– Not each group…each individual.

• After a few moments, I will say, “Compare answers.”

• Each of you will look at what the other wrote.

Review Game Rules

• Did you each get the right answer?– 2 points.

• Did one of you get the right answer?– 1 point.

• Neither of you?– For shame. 0 points.– And eternal guilt.

Review Game Rules

• The List of Do Nots:– Do not talk to each other, make noises, gesture,

give answers (my discretion here) between when the question has been read and when I say, “Compare answers.”• Doing so will result in a disqualification for that round.

Don’t believe me? Try it.

– Do not fall asleep when I’m getting scores.• If you’re not paying attention, I’m not giving you points.

Review Question 1

• Growling between two dogs is an example of what?– Agonistic behavior.

Review Question 2

• Make two logical pairs out of the following four terms:

1. Density-dependent2. Density-independent3. Biotic4. Abiotic– Density-dependent & biotic.– Density-independent & abiotic.

Review Question 3

• A forest fire that clears most plant and animal life from an area will most likely lead to what process? BE SPECIFIC– Secondary succession.

Review Question 4

• What do the following variables “stand for” in the various population growth equations we learned?

• N• K• r• b– N = population size, K = carrying capacity, r = growth

rate, b = birth rate.

Review Question 5

• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION• You may wager any/all of your points.• Category: English Language

• What is the only English word that has three consecutive sets of double letters? (like ‘rr’)– Bookkeeper.

Review Question 6

• The loss of a keystone species likely leads to what kind of change in biodiversity?– Biodiversity decreases.

Review Question 7

• The nitrogen cycle is most closely associated with what two kinds of organisms?– Plants and bacteria.

Review Question 8

• The principle of biomagnification means that a toxin present at the top level of a food web exists in a (higher/lower) concentration at the bottom of that web.– Lower (it magnifies as it rises up the web).

Review Question 9

• What principle states that two separate populations cannot occupy the same niche?– Competitive exclusion.

Review Question 10

• And supposing that two populations do, for a time, occupy the same niche, what is the inevitable conclusion?– The population with the higher fitness, however

slight, will prevail and outcompete the other.

Review Question 11

• To avoid competitive exclusion, similar species living in close proximity engage in what activity to separate themselves?– Resource partitioning.

Review Question 12

• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION• You may wager any/all of your points.• Category: Money

• What is the only year the United States Mint issued a penny without any copper content?– 1943 (due to World War II, it was made of steel)

Review Question 13

• What two kinds of interspecific interactions are most likely to be deleterious to one of the organisms in the pair?– Predation or parasitism.

Review Question 14

• Succession is the process by which new species move into and colonize an area previously devoid of life, either due to a temporary fire or because the land is new and not supplied with many nutrients. If the first successive residents in the environment modify the environment in such a way as to prevent further colonization by other species, they have engaged in what kind of succession model?– Inhibition.

Review Question 15

• Nestling birds learn the identity of their parents shortly after hatching. This process is called _______ and occurs during the _______ of their lives.– imprinting…critical period.

Review Question 16

• School buses are yellow and black – a common set of warning colors from the biological world. However, since school buses can’t exactly sting you, we could say the buses are engaged in what?– Müllerian mimicry.

Review Question 17

• Operant and classical conditioning are both forms of what kind of learning?– Associative learning.

Review Question 18

• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION• You may wager any/all of your points.• Category: Measurements

• What is the exact length of a year in days, rounded to the nearest hundredth?– 365.25 days (hence leap years every 4 years).

Review Question 19

• Powerful negative stimuli often lead to lifelong associations. For example, returning military veterans that witnessed horrific battle scenes frequently develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), which may include “flashbacks” to the original event triggered by a similar stimulus. This heightened response to a stimulus could be considered what phenomenon of learning?– Sensitization.

Review Question 20

• If, however, that stimulus causing the flashback is highly simplified in comparison to the original stimulus, one might erroneously identify it as a sign stimulus triggering a fixed action pattern. Why is this is misdiagnosis?– Fixed action patterns are innate behaviors, not

learned within the organism’s life.