Tomomi NioNASDA/EORC
Tomomi NioNASDA/EORC
Precipitation Observation from Space in the Next Generation: the Global
Precipitation Measurement (GPM)
Precipitation Observation from Space in the Next Generation: the Global
Precipitation Measurement (GPM)
16th APAN Meetings / Advanced Network Conference in Busan Aug. 27, 2003
topicstopics
Rain measurement
From TRMM to GPMTRMM’s achivementsGPM objectives
Key of GPMData distribution time delay
– High performance network
Water and Our lifeWater and Our life
Water ProblemWater shortage Flood Food shortage, epidemic diseases, etc.Global warming, Climate change
Many MeetingsThe 3rd World Water ForumEarth Observation Summit
The century of Water
Typhoon ETAU (11W)
Rainfall MeasurementRainfall Measurement
Rain affect most everyone’s life & work
Food productionFlood, drought
Rain is a key variable inWeather prediction modelsClimate modelsAir-sea interaction models, etc.
Contribution by rainfall measuring satellites ;
TRMM (Tropical Rainfall measuring Mission)
TRMM’s AchievementsTRMM’s Achievements
Demonstration of the world’s first space-borne precipitation radar technology
Scientific AchievementsAccurate observation of rain distribution in tropical and sub-tropical regionsDiurnal, annual, and long-term variations of precipitation3-dimensional rain structure (PR)Accurate rain observation over ocean and land in equal quality (PR)Improvement in weather forecasting with 4-D data assimilationSea Surface Temperature (SST) estimation under cloudsEstimation of soil moisture (PR)
Successful cooperation between US and Japan
Efficient Data Utilization
Efficient data useEfficient data use
1. Near real-rime data distributionNASA-NASDA Back bone NetworkAsia Pacific Advanced Network
2. Software distribution
ATM Dedicated line
3Mb/s
JPLJPL
GSFCGSFC
NASA EBnet
JMAJMA
Earth ObservationCenter
Earth ObservationCenter
3Mb/s
Earth ObservationResearch Center
Earth ObservationResearch Center
Back born Network Back born Network
6Mb/s
GSFCGSFC
APANAPAN
MAFFINMAFFINEORCEORC
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
APAN is enough performance for sharing TRMM data in real-time.
TRMM data
Rainfall product
APANAPAN
Toolkit (TISDIS toolkit)capable writing HDF or binary For expert, researcher
Viewer (Orbit viewer)For expert, researcher, school
Typhoon Data Base Tropical cyclones database observed by TRMMFor interest
ApplicationApplication
What’s Next?What’s Next?
From TRMM to From TRMM to GPMGPM
GPM objectiveGPM objectiveImprove ongoing efforts to predict climate
by providing near-global measurement of precipitation
Improve the accuracy of weather and precipitation forecasts
through more accurate measurement of rain rates and latent heating.
Provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth's precipitation.
This will provide better prediction of flood hazards and management of life-sustaining activities dependent upon fresh water
Core Satellite•Dual Frequency Radar•Multi-frequency Radiometer•H2-A Launch•TRMM-like Spacecraft•Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit•~70° Inclination•~400 - 500 km Altitude•~4 km Horizontal Resolution•250 m Vertical Resolution
Constellation Satellites
•Small Satellites with Microwave Radiometers
•Aggregate Revisit Time,
3 Hour goal•Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits
•~600 km Altitude
OBJECTIVE: Understand the Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Rainfall and Its Microphysical Element. Provide Training for Constellation Radiometers.
OBJECTIVE: Provide Enough Sampling to Reduce Uncertainty in Short-term Rainfall Accumulations. Extend Scientific and Societal Applications.
Global Precipitation Processing Center
•Capable of Producing Global Precip Data Products as Defined by GPM Partners
Precipitation Validation Sites
•Global Ground Based Rain Measurement
GPM Reference ConceptGPM Reference Concept
A Rolling Wave View for GPM
A Rolling Wave View for GPM
Observation by a fleet of satellites with microwave
radiometer
Observation by a fleet of satellites with microwave
radiometer１
２
４
８
Observation area with MWRs in 3 hours(1, 2, 4 and 8 satellites from top to bottom)
Coverages by TRMM PR and GPM DPR in a
day
3-hour Global Coverage3-hour Global CoverageThe observation area covered in 3 hours
by Single satellite
Two Constellation
Four Constellation
Eight Constellation
satellites
Issue;
•Can we use all of those data in target term; 3 hours?
To get 3hr Rain map…To get 3hr Rain map…
One of GPM Objectives is to provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth’s precipitation.Let’s gather and distribute Microwave Radiometer (MWR) L1B data!
Those exchanging should be • Quickly • Frequently• Easily
Key of quick distributionKey of quick distribution
It is requested to reduce time delay in order to maximize the use of MWR L1B data.
There are three elements below;
1. Data acquisition time delay2. Data processing time delay3. Data transmission time delay
Key of Data ExchangeKey of Data Exchange
Issues for quick, frequent and easy data distribution;
High performance network•Stable•Fast
Easy Access•Data handling Software
Easy equipment•Standard technology
NASDA statusNASDA status
Phase : Conceptual StudyNASDA will start the data processing system and EO information and management system (GPM/EOIS), which should be FLEXIBLE systems.
• Not decided the policies yet;– data exchange, data openness – definition of standard product
International WG for data exchange : GDaWGTo Discuss
• Content, Metadata,• Network• Exchange mechanisms, format handling (like based on
XML)• Standard information technology
Proposing to algorithm developers, program makers, and so on.
ATM Dedicated line
ISDN line
3Mb/s
JPLJPL
GSFCGSFC
NASA EBnet
JMAJMA
Earth ObservationCenter
Earth ObservationCenter
3Mb/s
Earth ObservationResearch Center
Earth ObservationResearch Center
NGNNGN NOAANOAA
1Mb/s
64kb/s
CNESCNES
KirunaKiruna
JAFICJAFIC
MOEMOE
CLSJapan
CLSJapan
64kb/s
1Mb/s
Back born Network Back born Network
6Mb/s
APAN
TDRS DRTS
GCOM-B1GPM COREEGPM Megha-Tripique NPOESS
ARTEMIS
FY3
GPM Data NetworkGPM Data Network
French Ground SystemsIndian Ground Systems
Chinese Ground Systems
ESA Ground SystemsNASA Ground Systems
NASDA Ground Systems
Users
Users
Science & Research Weather Disaster Monitoring Education Public & Business
Users
Concept of GPM Data NetworkConcept of GPM Data Network
GLOBAL WARLDWIDE NETWORKGLOBAL WARLDWIDE NETWORKApplication SW
Toolkit, SW
SummarySummary
GPM important key is Data UtilizationImportant : data exchange •High performance network <Fast> <stable>
– To collect high-frequent observation data immediately
– To distribute them for users
•Easy Utilization <Standard> <GIS>
– To standardize for handling MWRs data which have different characteristics for their data mapping and their statistics.
– To use for many kind of people
