19
Toshiba Environmental Report 1998
Toshiba Environmental Report 1998
1
100
80
60
40
20
093 94 95 96 97 98 (forecast)
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
093 94 95 96 97 98 (forecast)
Net Sales
(¥billion) (¥billion)
Capital expenditure related to environmental protection activities
This brochure describes Toshiba's environmental protection activities, including their history, the present situation and plans for the future. This report mainly concerns activities and data for fiscal 1997.Toshiba will issue periodic environmental reports in order to disseminate the latest information. We will be pleased if this report on Toshiba's environmental protection activities enriched yourunderstanding of the depth and nature of Toshiba's commitment to the environment.
Contents
President's Message 1
Foreword 2 Basic commitment of the Toshiba group / Basic policy for environmental protection
3 History of Toshiba's environmental commitment / Environmental protection promotion system
4 Environmental management system
Toshiba's Environmental Impact and Priority Issues 5 Environmental aspects
6 Measurement of water quality / Measurement of the quality of the atmosphere
7 Prevention of global warming
8 Control of chemical substances
10 Response to ground water pollution
12 Recycling of consumer products
Toshiba's Commitment 14 Overview
15 Freonless :Protecting the ozone layer
16 Recycling:Reducing waste
17 Energy saving:Saving energy
18 Earth protection:Preventing pollution
19 Auditing:Environmental audits
20 Action plan:Voluntary environmental plan
22 Development of Environmentally-conscious Products
23 Televisions
24 Room air conditioners / Automatic washing machines
25 Refrigerators
26 Environmental Engineering Laboratory
27 Ozone purification system / Oil reclamation system for waste plastics
Hollow yarn membrane boiler feedwater filtration equipment
28 Treatment system for heavily contaminated waste water / Sludge treatment system
Corona discharge processing equipment for exhaust gases
29 Dechlorination equipment for waste plastics
Thermal decomposition gas conversion system / Commercial-use food waste processor
Toshiba's Commitment Overseas 30 Environmental protection activities of overseas subsidiaries
Contributing to the Community 32 Working with the community for a better environment
Corporate profile
Company name Toshiba Corporation
Foundation July 1875
Establishment June 25, 1904
Paid-in capital ¥274.9 billion (as of August 1998)
Number of employees Non-consolidated: 68,471 Consolidated: 186,000 (as of March 31, 1998)
Group Number of consolidated subsidiaries: 220 (Japan), 87 (overseas)
From our vantage point at the threshold of the 21stcentury–an era in which the environment is destined to be amajor theme– it is clear that all of us, whether actingcollectively in enterprises or as individuals, need to recognizeour common destiny on board spaceship Earth and that it isour job to keep our planet in good working order. Theerroneous assumptions that the Earth's resources andcapacity to absorb waste are limitless have embroiled us in avicious circle of mass production, mass consumption andmass disposal. Preoccupied with material considerations,industry has tended to take the Earth for granted.I would like to emphasize the importance of continuous andfarsighted voluntary environmental protection activities. Inthis regard, I deeply regret the pollution of ground water byorganochlorine solvent at Nagoya Works, and theconsequent anxiety in the community. In response to thatoccurrence, Toshiba established the Environmental MeasureSpecial Headquarters in October 1997 and is conductingcomprehensive checks of all operations and implementingnecessary measures under the guidance of localmunicipalities. Unfortunately, in some media coverage,Toshiba's environmental-protection activities were, without
justification, dismissed as ineffective. We are determined toimprove our environmental-protection measures andaccelerate implementation. One aspect of our commitment to the environment is thedevelopment of environmentally-conscious products. Toshibais championing the creation of products whoseenvironmental impacts throughout their life cycles– fromprocurement of materials, manufacture and distribution,through to use and disposal–are kept to a minimum, andwhich give complete satisfaction to customers. Recycling,much discussed but often a laggard in the world at large, isat the heart of Toshiba's commitment to the environment.Thus, the Recycling Promoting Group established in August1997 is promoting more effective utilization of resources andreduction of Toshiba's impact on the environment.Toshiba Environmental Report 1998 describes ourphilosophy, accomplishments and goals. Toshiba, like all ofus, has much to learn and much to do on the environmentalfront. Let's work together to help make sure the Earth is awonderful habitat for humankind and the rest of creation inthe 21st century and beyond.
President's Message
■ ■
Non-consolidated Consolidated
Non-consolidated
Taizo NishimuroPresident and Chief Executive Officer
2
Toshiba Corporation recognizes that the Earth is an irreplaceable asset, and that it is mankind's duty to hand it on tofuture generations in a sound state. Therefore, Toshiba promotes environmental protection activities, which areundertaken within the company's technological and financial capabilities, and in accordance with the BasicCommitment of Toshiba Group and this Basic Policy for Environmental Protection.
The Earth's environment is humankind's life-support system, and issues associated with it strike to the very foundation ofour existence. Given that natural resources are finite, the orientation of society and the economy toward massproduction, mass consumption and mass disposal needs to be tempered by adherence to other values. Throughout itsoperations, Toshiba has embraced preservation of the Earth's environment for future generations as a top priority.Mindful of our responsibility to future generations, we are making a concerted corporate-wide effort to utilize resourceswith the utmost efficiency. As an enterprise committed to sustainable development, Toshiba is resolved to raiseconsciousness as well as to innovate technology.
1 Toshiba considers environmental protection to be one ofmanagement's primary responsibilities.
2Toshiba specifies objectives and targets for its business activities,products and services respecting the reduction of environmentalimpacts and prevention of pollution.
3Toshiba strives to continuously improve the environment throughvigorous implementation of environmental measures.
4Toshiba contributes to society through its environmentalprotection activities, which include the development and supply ofexcellent, environmentally-conscious technologies and productsand cooperation with the local community.
5Toshiba complies with all laws and regulations, industry guidelineswhich it has endorsed, and its own standards for environmentalprotection.
6Toshiba recognizes that natural resources are finite and promotes theirefficient utilization.
7Toshiba strives to enhance the consciousness of the environment ofall its employees and requires that they make a practicalcontribution to environmental protection through their work.
8Toshiba provides guidance and support to its subsidiaries andaffiliates, in order to promote environmental activities throughoutToshiba Group.
Foreword
Basic policy for environmental protection
History of Toshiba's environmental commitment
History of environmental protection activities
With the aims of enhancing ToshibaGroup's commitment to environmentalprotection at the grassroots and making itintegral to the operation of every ToshibaGroup company, Toshiba set up theCorporate Environmental Protection Councilin 1991. Chaired by a director responsiblefor environmental protection throughoutToshiba, the council has a wide-rangingbrief: it proposes solutions to environmentalproblems affecting management,technological development, production andsales, determines basic policies, and
reviews the progress of business groupsand factories.Its subordinate organizations include theTechnology Committee, which promotesdevelopment of environmentally-consciousproducts and technologies, the EnvironmentManagement Committee, which promotesenvironmental protection at factories, andthe End-of-Life Product Committee.Individual business groups and factorieshold environmental protection conferencesat which goals are set and projectslaunched respecting specific products and
regions.To heighten employees' environmentalawareness and facilitate exchanges ofinformation, Toshiba holds an annualEnvironmental Technology Exhibition, inwhich domestic and overseas subsidiariesparticipate. In August 1997 the RecyclingPromoting Group was established tochampion the cause of recycling throughoutToshiba Group. The division reports to thepresident.
Environmental protection promotion system
Toshiba has developed its anti-pollutionactivities step by step and put in place anorganization to systematize and directenvironmental protection activities. Thus,the scope and effectiveness of Toshiba'senvironmental protection activities havebeen progressively enhanced. In April 1988,Toshiba established the corporate-levelEnvironmental Protection Center. In January1989, the Environmental Basic Rules wereintroduced, in accordance with whichorganizations devoted to environmentalprotection were set up in all businessgroups and factories, staff were appointedto work full-t ime for environmentalprotection, and new activities launched. InNovember 1989, the Environmental
Engineering Laboratory was establishedwithin the R&D Center to constructdatabases on materials, and to developCFC- and trichloroethane-free cleaningtechnology, analysis and evaluationtechnology, and disposal and recyclingtechnology.In April 1990, Toshiba formally embracedprotection of the Earth's environment asone of management's top priorities. At thesame time, Toshiba Group adopted theslogan "Committed to People, Committedto the Future. Toshiba", and, in the BasicCommitment of the Toshiba Group,declared its resolve to improve the Earth'senvironment and contribute to society as agood corporate citizen.
In April 1991, Toshiba set up the CorporateEnvironmental Protection Council, ToshibaGroup's top organization for deliberationand decision-making on environmentalmatters. The council considers andpromotes environmental measures coveringmanagement, technological development,production and sales. In 1993 Toshibaintroduced the Environmental Audit Systemin Toshiba on the Basis of Eco-Responsibility (EASTER), a reworking of thein-house audit system. In 1995 Toshibastarted securing internationalenvironmental certification for its facilities;all Toshiba factories in Japan had acquiredcertification by September 1997.
3
BASIC COMMITMENT
OF THE
TOSHIBA GROUP
We, the Toshiba Group companies, based on our totalcommitment to people and to the future, are determined to help
create a higher quality of life for all people, and to do our part to helpensure that progress continues within the world community.
COMMITMENT TO PEOPLEWe endeavor to serve the needs of all people, especially
our customers, shareholders, and employees, by implementingforward-looking corporate strategies while carrying out responsible
and responsive business activities. As good corporate citizens,we actively contribute to further the goals of society.
COMMITMENT TO THE FUTUREBy continually developing innovative technologies centering on
the fields of Electronics and Energy, we strive to create productsand services that enhance human life, and which lead to a thriving,
healthy society. We constantly seek new approaches that helprealize the goals of the world community, including ways
to improve the global environment.
■■■
Committed to People,Committed to the Future.
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Promotion organizations
Measures and activities
Environmental Protection Center
Environmental Engineering LaboratoryEnvironmental Management CommitteeCorporate environmental protection system
Basic Commitment of the Toshiba Group and corporate sloganCorporate Environmental Protection Council
Environmental Protection & Production Group Recycling Promoting Group
ODS reduction plan
Environmental BasicRules
Freezing the amount ofindustrial waste
Environmental Guidelinesfor Structures
Environmental audit
Energy-saving targets
Voluntary Environmental Plan
Product assessment
Abolition of use of specific freonsfor cleaning
Abolition of useof triethane
New environmental audit (EASTER)
New Environmental Basic Rules
New Voluntary Environmental Plan
Start of securing international environmental certification
Toshiba is an integrated manufacturer of electronic and electric products ranging from heavy electrical apparatus toconsumer electronics, and from information and communications equipment to semiconductors and other electroniccomponents. Among this abundance of products, environmental loads differ widely. This section provides an overviewof the environmental impact of Toshiba as a whole, rather than discussing particular products.This section also introduces Toshiba's commitment to four priority issues, namely prevention of global warming, controlof chemical substances, response to the pollution of ground water, and recycling of consumer products.
Toshiba's Environmental Impact and Priority Issues
5
Certifications
Japanese certifications Overseas certifications
4
Environmental management system
ISO-14001 certification plan for Toshiba Group
Toshiba operations (21) Overseas subsidiaries (32)Subsidiaries and affiliates in Japan (72)
20
15
10
5
095A B 96A B 97A B 98A B 99A
To be completed by September 1999
ISO-14001 certification, the internationalstandard for environmentally-friendly systemsand processes, is designed to promotesustainable economic development and anequitable apportionment of responsibilitiesamong countries. The certification processrequires that companies maintain a system toevaluate the environmental impact of theiroperations and products, and makecontinuous efforts to improve theirenvironmental performance. Toshiba considers
ISO-14001 certification to be a passport toinclusion in the ranks of the world's mostenvironmentally-responsible enterprises.All 21 of Toshiba's domestic productionfacil it ies have gained ISO-14001certification. Overseas subsidiaries anddomestic subsidiaries and affiliates areworking to achieve certification for all theirfacil it ies, an achievement that wil lstrengthen Toshiba's standing as anenvironmentally-friendly enterprise.
The current plan calls for all domesticsubsidiaries and affiliates to gain ISO-14001certification by September 1999. Regardingoverseas subsidiaries, all five Toshibaproduction facilities in Europe have acquiredcertification, as have many Toshiba factoriesin Asia and the U.S.. Factories in China willsoon be able to obtain certification, asToshiba has established a system for thatpurpose within its operations in thatcountry.
Site
20
15
10
5
0
Site
20
15
10
5
0
Site
President
General Manager ofEnvironmental Engineering Laboratory
Managers in charge of manufacturingManagers in charge of technologyOther managers
Group leaders responsible for environmental protection
Production technology managersGroup leaders responsible
for environmental protection
Managers responsiblefor production andthe environment
Senior Manager of Environmental Protection Center
General Manager of Productivity Division
General Manager of Recycling Promotion Division
Major partner companies
Business Group EnvironmentalProtection Council
General Managers ofconcerned staff divisions
Director responsible forEnvironmental Protection& Production Group
Group Executives General Managersof operations
Domestic and overseas subsidiaries and affiliates
Operation Environmental ProtectionCouncil
Organizational chart of Environmental Protection Council
Toshiba Environmental Protection Council
Working groups
Task forces
Working groups
End-of-Life Product Committee
Environment Management Committee
Technology Committee
Organizational chart of corporate environmental protection system
Corporate Environmental Protection Council
I N P U T O U T P U T
The figure shows inputs of energy, waterand chemicals and outputs of waste water,atmospheric discharges and other waste.Toshiba intends to expand collection of datathat can be utilized for efforts to reduce theenvironmental load imposed by its activities.
Environmental aspects
95A B 96A B 97A B 98A B 99A 95A B 96A B 97A B 98A B 99A
Prevention of global warming is an issuewhich, by definition, needs to be tackled ona worldwide basis in the 21st century.Toshiba is contributing to the prevention ofglobal warming by providing energy-efficient products and conducting energy-saving activities throughout its operations.
Facilities' energy-savingvoluntary action plans and theresultsThe targets of the Japaneseelectric /electronics industry's action plan toprevent global warming are as follows:1 15% improvement in the ratio of energy
consumed at facilities to net sales byfiscal 2000 compared with fiscal 1990(Facilities include laboratories.)
2 25% improvement in the ratio of CO2
discharge at facilities to net sales byfiscal 2010 compared with 1990.
As shown in the graph, the ratio ofToshiba's energy consumption to net salesin fiscal 1997 was 100% compared withfiscal 1990. This unsatisfactory result isattributable to a great reduction in sales ofconsumer products and semiconductors andthe increase in the consumption of energyfor R&D of next-generation semiconductordevices. Meanwhile, the increase in theamount of CO2 discharged was kept to 2%due to change of fuel and improvement inCO2 discharge efficiency of purchasedelectricity, and, as a result, the ratio of CO2
discharge to net sales was improved by11%.
Energy consumption for eachbusiness groupThe energy consumption of Toshiba'ssemiconductor business group has beenrising since fiscal 1990, reflecting theincrease in output. In contrast, the energyconsumption of the heavy electrical andconsumer products business groups hasbeen decreasing. Semiconductormanufacturing is energy-intensive becauseit takes place in clean rooms where thecleanness of the air, temperature andhumidity are strictly controlled.
Promotion systemSince the pattern of energy consumptiondiffers greatly among business groups, eachbusiness group draws up a mid-termvoluntary energy-saving plan based oncorporate guidelines. Each group'svoluntary plan is in accordance with theobjectives and goals of ISO 14001, acertification which all facilities have gained.Above and beyond adherence to theRevised Energy-saving Act, Toshiba ismaking a corporate-wide effort toaccomplish the goals set out in theindustry's voluntary action plan.
Promotion of concrete measuresManagement's task is to promote energy-saving measures in a consistent, well-balanced manner. Toshiba applies a threefold approach.
Improvement in controlToshiba seeks to eliminate wastethroughout its production activities andpromotes appropriate control of energyconsumption by improving productionprocesses and developing technology.Investment in energy-savingequipmentAccording to a comprehensive plan,investment is executed in order to replacepower facilities, production facilities, airconditioning and lighting systems withthose offering higher energy efficiency.Energy-saving clean roomsOld clean rooms whose energy efficiencyhas deteriorated are being retired andenergy-saving at clean rooms is promotedby adopting fan filter units (FFUs) and cleanbenches. These efforts resulted in energy savingequivalent to 26,000kl of crude oil in fiscal1997, as shown in the figure.
Case studies (See page 17.)
Commitment regardinggreenhouse gases other thanCO2
At the third session of the conference of theparties to the United Nations' FrameworkConvention on Climate Change (COP3), itwas decided to control discharge ofgreenhouse gases other than carbondioxide, namely hydrofluorocarbon (HFC),perfluorocarbon (PFC) and sulfurhexafluoride (SF6). Toshiba uses HFC asrefrigerant and heat insulating material forair conditioners and refrigerators, PFC asetching gas for semiconductor devices, andSF6 as insulating material for powerequipment. Toshiba is promoting collectionand recycling of these substances anddevelopment of substitute substances andtechnologies in accordance with theindustry's voluntary action plan.
CO2 discharge and ratio to net sales
Fiscal year 1990 1997 97／90Net sales 32,277 36,997 +15％Energy (calculated as crude oil, kl) 587,888 673,772 +15％Ratio to net sales (kl/\ hundred million) 18.21 18.21 ± 0％CO2 discharge (ton C) 250,170 255,560 + 2％Ratio to net sales (ton C/\ hundred million) 7.75 6.91 - 11％
Note 1) Energy and CO2 discharge are the totals at production facilities and laboratories.Note 2) CO2 discharge coefficient used is the "discharge coefficient of each fuel for follow-up of Keidanren's voluntary action plan" issued on August 31, 1998.
Nasu Works and Nasu Electron Tube Works, Tochigi prefecture
Data on atmospheric discharge
Yanagicho Works, Kawasaki
Data on water quality
A cluster of problems is associated with theenvironmental load imposed on theatmosphere. The atmosphere has no clearboundary and the impact of pollution canrange far and wide. In addition to globalwarming, which often attracts headlines,problems include air pollution caused byoptochemical oxidants and air-borneparticles. These issues need to be dealt with
from a long-term perspective, as theadverse effects on health attributable tosubstances implicated in toxic atmosphericpollution may not become apparent fordecades.The table shows the values of atmosphericdischarges from Nasu Works. Toshiba'sapproach to control of atmosphericdischarges is the same as that for waste
water. Data on certain operations involvingthe discharge of waste water andatmospheric discharges are shown, toillustrate what Toshiba is doing. In fact, alloperations at Toshiba factories satisfyvoluntary standards stricter than thosemandated by law.
Measurement of the quality of the atmosphere
In Japan, environmental standards indicatethe quality expected of the public watersupply. They are of two types:environmental standards concerningmaintenance of the environment(environmental items) and those concerning
the protection of human health (healthitems). The 9 environmental items cover BOD(biochemical oxygen demand), pH (index ofconcentration of hydrogen ions), etc., andthe 23 health items cover such substances
as cadmium and cyanogen. The table compares data on waste waterdischarged by Yanagicho Works with thestandards. Toshiba applies voluntarystandards that are much stricter thannational and municipal standards.
Measurement of water quality
ItemsRegulation values
National standards Prefecture standards
BoilerParticles of soot (g/Nm3) 0.3 0.2 0.1
(2Otons)Nitrogen oxide (NOx) (ppm) 250 150 120Sulfur oxide (SOx) (K-value) 14.5 14.5 5.8Particles of soot (g/Nm3) 0.5 0.5 0.25
Incinerator *Nitrogen oxide (NOx) (ppm) 250 250 150Sulfur oxide (SOx) (K-value) 14.5 14.5 5.8Hydrogen chloride (mg/Nm3) 700 700 560
Measured values1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
0.002 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.00571 96 99 50 53 831.1 2.6 1.84 0.96 2.53 1.840.152 0.13 0.26 0.099 0.05 ―
50 220 117 64 54 ―0.29 0.38 0.34 0.31 0.26 ―
120 423 383 190 243 ―
ItemsRegulation values
National standards Municipal standardspH 5.6～8.6 5.7～8.7 6.0～8.0Biochemical oxygen demand (BOO) 160 300 100Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 160 Not regulated ―Suspensoid 200 300 50N-hexane (petroleum) 5.0 5.0 2.0Phenolic compounds 5.0 0.5 0.1Copper 3.0 3.0 1.0Zinc 5.0 3.0 1.0Dissolving iron 10.0 10.0 3.0Dissolving manganese 10.0 1.0 0.3General chromium 2.0 2.0 1.0Fluorine 15.0 15.0 1.5Coliform group (average per day) 3000 Not regulated ―Nickel ― 1.0 0.2Total nitrogen ― 150 30Total phosphorous ― 20.0 10.0Cadmium 0.1 0.1 0.02Cyanogen 1.0 1.0 0.04Organophosphorus 1.0 0.2 0.1Lead 0.1 0.1 0.05Arsenic 0.1 0.1 0.01Hexavalent chromium 0.5 0.5 0.1General mercury 0.005 0.005 0.001Alkyl mercury Not detected Not detected Not detectedPCB 0.003 0.003 0.001Trichloroethylene 0.3 0.3 0.002Tetrachloroethylene 0.1 0.1 0.001Carbon tetrachloride 0.02 0.02 0.0011,1,1-trichloroethane 3.0 3.0 0.002Dichloromethane 0.2 0.2 0.021,2-dichloroethane 0.04 0.04 0.031,1-dichloroethane 0.2 0.2 0.002Cis-1,2-dichloroethylene 0.4 0.4 0.011,1,2-trichloroethane 0.06 0.06 0.031,3-dichloropropene 0.02 0.02 0.01Thiuram 0.06 0.06 0.01Simazine 0.03 0.03 0.02Thiobencarb 0.2 0.2 0.1Benzene 0.1 0.1 0.01Selenium and selenium compounds 0.1 0.1 0.01
Gen
eral
item
s(E
nviro
nmen
tali
tem
s)To
xic
subs
tanc
es(H
ealth
item
s)
7.3 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.411 26 4 11
7 9 4 41.1 0.6 ＜1 ＜2 ＜2 ＜1
＜0.1 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 ＜0.020.02 ＜0.02 ＜0.05 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 0.030.19 0.02 0.22 0.11 0.05 0.190.71 ＜0.02 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.240.09 ＜0.02 ＜0.05 ＜0.05 ＜0.05 0.010.04 ＜0.02 ＜0.1 ＜0.05 ＜0.05 ＜0.05
＜0.5 ＜0.5 ＜0.5 ＜0.5
0.09 ＜0.02 ＜0.1 0.07 ＜0.01 ＜0.013 2 29 5 ＜27.7 0.35 0.35 1.4 0.55
＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01＜0.01 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 ＜0.02＜0.1 ＜0.01 ＜0.05 ＜0.05
＜0.01 0.04 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01＜0.01 ＜0.005 ＜0.005 ＜0.005＜0.01 ＜0.05 ＜0.05 ＜0.05＜0.0005 ＜0.0005 ＜0.0005 ＜0.0005
＜0.0005 ＜0.0005 ＜0.0005 ＜0.0005＜0.002 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 ＜0.001＜0.002 ＜0.0005 ＜0.0005 ＜0.0005＜0.002 ＜0.0001 ＜0.0001 ＜0.0001＜0.002 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 ＜0.001＜0.002 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01＜0.002 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 ＜0.02＜0.002 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 ＜0.001＜0.002 ＜0.005 ＜0.005 ＜0.005＜0.002 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 ＜0.02＜0.002 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01＜0.005 ＜0.005 ＜0.005 ＜0.005＜0.002 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 ＜0.02＜0.005 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 ＜0.02＜0.002 ＜0.004 ＜0.004 ＜0.004＜0.01 ＜0.002 ＜0.005 ＜0.005
Measured values1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
― ―― ― ― ― ― ―― ―
― ―
― ―― ― ― ― ― ―
――― ―― ―― ――― ―― ―― ―― ― Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―― ―
（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）
（plme/ml）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）（mg/l）
6
* Operation of the incinerator was terminated in July 1998 and it was dismantled in August 1998. 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 (fiscal year)
Energy saving (result for each fiscal year)Energy saved: kl (calculated as crude oil)
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Prevention of global warming
■ ■ ■
Use of energy by Toshiba as a whole
74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 (fiscal year)0 0
50
100
150
200
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
7
Energy consumption (fiscal 1990 = 100%) Electricity Oil Gas Ratio of energy consumption to sales (fiscal 1990 = 100%)
Voluntarystandards
Voluntarystandards
8
Control of chemical substances
Plan for reduction of dichloromethane
9
Material balance
Amount recycled11%Amount transferred
14%
Amount released to atmosphere75%
■ ■25
20
15
10
5
095 result 96 result 97 result 98 estimate 99 plan 2000 plan (fiscal year)
Amount used/released in a year (ton)
6.3 chemical substances were reported byeach Toshiba facility; less than the result ofthe PRTR project executed by theEnvironment Agency (7.9 chemicalsubstances on average for facilities withmore than 1,000 employees). Toluene (239tons), xylene (208 tons) anddichloromethane (8 tons) were among themore heavily discharged chemicalsubstances, and this trend is similar tothose revealed by the EnvironmentAgency's pilot project and the Keidanrensurvey. In the case of both Toshiba and theelectric/electronics industry as a whole,releases of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), hydrofluorocarbon(HFC) and perfluorocarbon(PFC) were large. Release of hydrogenfluoride to water systems by Toshiba waslarge at 15 tons per year. No substancewhose toxicity is ranked A (carcinogenicityrespecting humans) was released byToshiba to the atmosphere, but hexavalentchromium and nickel compound werereleased to water systems, although theamounts were very small. Amongsubstances whose toxicity is ranked B(possibility of carcinogenicity respectinghumans), releases of dichloromethane (8tons) and hydrogen chloride (4 tons) werelarge. According to the Keidanren survey,which covers 80% of industry in Japan,discharges of dichloromethane andhydrogen chloride were 23,500 tons and4,550 tons, respectively.
ActionsToshiba positions PRTR as an importanttool in the control of chemical substancesand promotes its implementationthroughout Toshiba Group. Regardless of
whether PRTR becomes mandatory, Toshibawill continue PRTR from this fiscal yearonward in order to strengthen control ofchemical substances. The issues that needto be tackled are 1) development of asystem for efficient summing up andreporting, 2) reduction of the release ofchemical substances that have anenvironmental impact, cessation of the useof toxic substances and their replacement,and 3) preparation for disclosure of data foreach business premises.(1) Development of a system forefficient summing up and reportingSince 1989 Toshiba has been using achemical substance control system, but,partly because this system is not Y2K-compliant, replacement with a new systemis under way. The basic performance of thenew system includes retrieval function fromthe database on some 8,000 chemicalsubstances, as well as summing up of theamounts used and released. Operability ofthis system has been verified by a pilotimplementation at a business premises, andthis system will be implemented at allToshiba premises and affiliated companieswithin fiscal 1999. Additionally, marketingof this system as a packaged software isalso being considered.(2) Reduction of release of substancesthat have an environmental impact, cessation of use of toxic substancesand their replacementToshiba wil l classify the chemicalsubstances it uses according to their toxicityand will restructure the control system so asto achieve greater efficiency. Based onclassification of chemical substances inaccordance with the degree of risk
(prohibition of use, reduction in use, controlof release, etc.), guidelines for countermeasuresfor chemical substances in eachclassification will be issued. According tothe results of the PRTR survey, priority forreduction and replacement will be accordedto the three types of organochlorinecompounds highlighted in the table.Because dichloromethane is used in opensystems and is subject to the EnvironmentAgency's "guidelines for surveys andcountermeasures for pollution of soil andground water by organochlorinecompounds", Toshiba will accord the toppriority for reduction and cessation of useto dichloromethane. The amounts used andreleased of dichloromethane and thematerial balance are shown in the graphsbelow. Toshiba's use of dichloromethane isscheduled to cease by the end of March2000.(3) Preparation for disclosure of datafor each facilityIn this report, summed up data for Toshibaas a whole are presented. By publicizing itspolicy on chemical substances together withthe reduction targets, in addition todisclosure of data, Toshiba desires tofacil itate informed discussion andcommunication with interested parties.Data for each facility are not provided inthis report, partly due to constraints ofspace, but Toshiba is preparing to disclosedata for each facility in the future since itwil l strengthen control of chemicalsubstances and facilitate understandingamong interested parties andcommunication with them. There is a needto determine how best to communicateinformation regarding risks.
A vast number of chemical substances isemployed for a correspondingly hugevariety of purposes. Some 50,000 differentchemical substances are produced forindustrial applications. Although chemicalsubstances are indispensable, they maycause serious pollution and harm humanhealth and the environment if appropriatecontrols are not implemented at each stageof manufacturing, distribution, use anddisposal or if an accident occurs. Recently,pollution of ground water byorganochlorine solvent and problemsregarding dioxins and environmentalhormones have become a focus ofattention. Toshiba has been executing the33/50 Project, which is mentioned above inconnection with the VoluntaryEnvironmental Plan. In response to the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's 33/50Project, Toshiba is reducing its use of thosechemical substances that have the potentialto adversely affect human health and theenvironment. At factories where electronic
components and semiconductors aremanufactured, Toshiba reduced use of 21high-toxicity substances, selected byToshiba for special attention, by 87% infiscal 1997 compared with fiscal 1994(comparison of the ratios to net sales).From now on Toshiba wil l promoteactivities corresponding to the pollutantrelease and transfer register (PRTR) system.
Toshiba's PRTRToshiba's six facil it ies in Kawasakiparticipated in a pilot PRTR project initiatedby the Environment Agency in December1997. Additionally, triggered by the PRTRsurvey in June 1998 conducted by fiveindustry associations representing theelectric and electronics industries, Toshibaexecuted PRTR at all its facilities and alsoexpanded the scope to include affiliatedcompanies which are not members of anyof the five industrial bodies. Characteristicsof PRTR are that chemical substancessubject to control are specified, and the
amounts of those chemical substancesreleased and transferred are calculated andregistered. Previously, in its control ofchemical substances, Toshiba placedemphasis on the amounts used. However,in the light of the PRTR survey, Toshibashifted its emphasis to the amountsreleased, which is a more fundamentalconsideration. The results of Toshiba's PRTRare shown below. Future actions and issuesto be addressed are discussed in thefollowing. Presented in the table below are the resultsof the summing up of the results of thecompany-wide PRTR survey conducted byToshiba in fiscal 1997. Of 179 chemicalsubstances subject to PRTR, Toshiba uses41, of which 5 are within the scope of thepart of the PRTR survey specifically for theelectric/electronics industry. Fukaya Worksreported on 19 chemical substances, thelargest number reported by any Toshibafacility, and the Manufacturing EngineeringResearch Center reported none. On average
Toshiba's PRTR (Results, fiscal 1997)
* Number of facilities is the number of facilities which use the substance.* The amount consumed includes the amount of the substance subject to PRTR that changed to other substances
by reaction and the amount that left facilities in products or together with products.* The amount removed and treated includes the amount of the substance subject to PRTR that changed to other substances by incineration,
neutralization, decomposition, reaction treatment, etc. within a facility.
Substance number Number of facilities Amount used Amount released to Amount released to Amount consumed Amount removed Amount transferred as Amount recycledSubstance name (ton) atmosphere (ton) water systems (ton) and treated (ton) (ton) industrial waste (ton) (ton)
1 Zinc compound 5 389.96 0.1 0.407 266.403 0.08 74.75 48.2216 Acetaldehyde 1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 08 Antimony and antimony compound 4 524.757 0 0 516.136 0 0.944 7.677
15 Hydrogen chloride 19 5507.865 4.382 0 0.15 5344.257 6.476 152.618 Chlorine 6 1949.31 0.52 0 0 1271.114 67.676 61021 Xylene 15 314.01 207.702 0 0 16.702 36.361 53.24622 Silver compound 1 0.19 0 0 0 0 0 0.1924 Chromium compound (hexa) 3 3.799 0 0.23 1.101 1.6 0.868 025 Chromium compound (except hexa) 1 0.34 0 0 0.254 0 0 0.08632 Chloroform 1 0.73 0 0 0 0.22 0.51 034 Cobalt and cobalt compound 3 194.412 0.002 0 186.374 0 0 8.03637 Cyanogen compound 2 0.87 0.066 0.001 0 0.803 0 050 Dichloromethane 7 10.988 8.303 0 0 0 1.517 1.16858 N.N-dimethylformamide 2 1.145 0.063 0 0 0 0.541 0.54161 Oxalic acid 2 2.527 0 0 2.39 0.137 0 063 Styrene 1 3 0.15 0 0 2.7 0.15 067 Tellurium and tellurium compound 1 0.23 0 0 0.13 0 0 0.168 Copper compound 2 46.861 0 0.1 0.861 0 6.4 39.579 Toluene 14 369.515 239 0 13.1 64.659 15.536 37.2280 Lead compound B 4 6331.766 0 0.039 6033.305 0 213.25 85.17381 Nickel compound 5 7.86 0 0.006 5.451 0.094 0 2.30986 Barium and barium compound 4 2598.614 0.091 0.07 2512.66 0 57.286 28.50787 Arsenic and arsenic compound 2 0.364 0.018 0.007 0.166 0.007 0.057 0.1188 Hydrazine 4 2.908 0.002 0.281 0 0.896 1.729 094 Hydrogen fluoride 10 466.409 1.777 15.494 0.041 390.441 16.948 41.70896 Fluorine compound (inorganic) 5 37.272 0.04 0.4 0 0.112 1.972 34.74899 Beryllium and beryllium compound 2 1.539 0 0 1.406 0 0 0.133
100 Benzene 1 1.8 0 0 1.8 0 0 0104 Boron and boron compound 4 16.573 0 0.651 13.458 0 2.061 0.403105 Formaldehyde 2 1.7 0.4 1 0.3 0 0 0107 Manganese compound 3 1.921 0 0.005 0.258 0 1.565 0.093110 Molybdenum and molybdenum compound 3 229.705 0 0.6 200.734 0 0.084 28.287118 Aluminum compound 4 570.303 0 0 446.757 80.597 37.933 5.016121 Ethanolamine 1 48.27 0.69 0 0 13.16 34.42 0146 Zirconium and zirconium compound 1 175.7 0 0 160.072 0 12.658 2.97148 Tungsten compound 1 149.495 0 0.25 147.802 0.136 0 1.307175 HCFC 2 429.691 6.438 0 423.3 0.11 0 0.043176 HFC 9 732.845 12.57 0 708.84 0.834 10.601 0177 PFC 9 124.317 55.22 0 19.6 22.008 27.489 0178 Sulfur hexafluoride 7 469.709 156.217 0 283.7 0.076 0.716 29179 Lead solder 15 80.187 0.33 0 52.369 0.064 1.375 26.049
Amount Amount releasedused to atmosphere
pumping wells were installed downstreamof the polluted points, and the sametreatment system was applied.Removal of soil by excavation and soil-gas suctionAs countermeasures for polluted soil,removal of soil by excavation and soil-gassuction were adopted.In the method of removal of soil byexcavation, excavated soil is heated toevaporate toxic substances that are thentreated by activated carbon etc.In the soil-gas suction method, toxicsubstances in the soil are sucked by vacuumpumps and pollutants are removed byactivated carbon etc.Pumped-water aeration incombination with soil-gas suctionTo recover the site which is relatively deepand includes a thick layer of gravel, thepumped-water aeration method was usedin combination with the soil-gas suctionmethod.
Related technologiesGround water simulation technology anddetoxification technology for organochlorinecompounds are introduced.Ground water simulation technologyFlow of ground water and the relocation ofpollutants by this flow can be analyzed byground water simulation. Using thistechnique, it is possible to forecast progressof purif ication by a ground waterpurification system.For the water purification system for whichthe above-mentioned pumped-up watercirculation method was applied, layout ofwells to achieve high purification efficiencyis determined by repeated simulations,including simulations of natural flow ofground water and characteristics of thestrata. Shown at right are the simulationresults.(Detoxification of ground water pollutants)Photodisintegration of trichloroethyleneTreatment by ultraviolet ray is suitable fordisintegration of highly concentratedorganic solvents, and addition of hydrogenperoxide achieves detoxification of 30ppmsolution in about 10 minutes. Use of activecarbon in combination with this techniqueachieves a 40% reduction in cost. Additionof catalysts and pH control further increaseeconomy.
Detoxification by biotechnologyToshiba is developing decompositiontechnology using microorganisms. Toshibaresearchers have sought to exploit thenatural cleaning ability of microorganismsand successfully identified a highly effectivebacterium which efficiently disintegratesorganochlorine solvents. It was found thatthis bacterium's activity can be greatlyenhanced by the addition of certainsubstances to its culture medium. We arenow preparing for practical application ofthis technology.
Related actionsIn parallel with the above investigationsregarding pollution, Toshiba took thefollowing actions.Firstly, the Basic Rules for EnvironmentalProtection were reviewed and the reportingroute in the event of any abnormality and the
obligation of reporting to local municipalitieswere documented. Add i t iona l l y , the"standards for actions in the event of nonconformity regarding soil and groundwater" have been established. Thesestandards require general managers offacilities to report to the organizationsconcerned within Toshiba and to localmunicipalities in the event that abnormalityof ground water, such as pollution, isdetected.Secondly, Toshiba checked the situationregarding control of toxic substances. Itshould be noted that Toshiba ceased to usetrichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene,the pollutants of ground water at Nagoya,in 1989 and 1991, respectively. Regardingother substances, it was confirmed thatappropriate control is implemented andthat there is no problem.
Response to ground water pollution
ForewordIn response to the pollution of groundwater that occurred at Nagoya Works, theEnvironment Special CountermeasureHeadquarters was established in October1997. Regardless of regulations, Toshiba checksthe situation regarding pollution withinfactory sites and information is disclosed tolocal municipalities. It is Toshiba's policy todo our utmost to prevent pollution and wehave conducted a comprehensiveenvironmental check of all factories.
Check proceduresThe check was conducted in accordance withthe Environment Agency's "guidelines forsurveys and countermeasures for pollution ofsoil and ground water by organochlorinecompounds" issued in November 1994. Toensure objectivity, Toshiba secured theadvice of third-party specialists and thecheck of three factories was witnessed bythird-party specialists. The check wasconducted in the following order: analysis ofgases in soil, analysis of permeation ofsubstances into soil, and check of groundwater.
Commitment regarding sites thatexceeded the environmentalstandardsAs a result of the check, environmentalstandards for ground water were found tobe exceeded at Nagoya Works, FukayaWorks in Saitama prefecture, YanagichoWorks in Kawasaki, Fuji Works in Shizuoka
prefecture, Oita Works and Osaka Works.Nagoya WorksMeasures are being implemented inaccordance with the guidance of thePollution Countermeasure Study Committeeestablished by Nagoya City.At the site of the former plating workshop,in a 223m2 area the soil was excavated to adepth of 3m and treated. The methodapplied removes organochlorine solvent byevaporation using the dehydration reactionand exothermic reaction that occur whensoil and slaked lime are mixed. Evaporatedgas is treated by activated carbon andreleased to the atmosphere.Treatment of soil in a band 3 to 10m fromthe surface in a 1000m2 area is now underconsideration.Regarding another highly contaminated sitewhich is about 100m to the south of theformer plating workshop, the site itself andthe vicinity were investigated.As a result,Nagoya City's Pollution CountermeasureStudy Committee concluded that the sourceof pollution is located outside the factorysite and that chemical substances that hadpermeated underground flowed into thesoil beneath the factory site from the soilbeneath the road which is located to theeast of the factory site.Nagoya City took the initiative in decidingthe methods for recovery of this site and itwas decided to excavate and remove thepolluted soil beneath the site and the road.Treatment of ground water is beingconsidered.Below, water purification systems applied
at sites are introduced.Pumped-up water circulation systemBased on the result of the investigation, and inaccordance with the guidance of the localmunicipality, a water purification system wasinstalled at the boundary of the site,downstream of the ground water, to deal withthe pollution.Ground water is pumped up from pumpingwells and organochlorine substances areremoved from the water by a dual-system ofactivated carbon adsorption towers and thetreated water is returned to injection wells.The figure below shows the configuration ofthis system. The design of this system isbased on simulations of ground waterpurification. The details of the simulationsare explained below.The pumped-up water circulation systemachieves efficient purification of water bycontrolling the flow of ground water bymeans of wells, and also prevents the dryingup of ground water and dispenses withtreatment of discharged water sincepumped-up water is returned underground.Pumped-up water aerationIn accordance with the guidance of thelocal municipality, pumping wells wereinstalled at the boundary of the site,downstream of the ground water. Thissystem aerates pumped-up water andremoves toxic substances by active carbonadsorption.Additionally, the site is divided into fourzones and pumping wells were installed forrecovery of the site to its original state. At asite where local contamination was found,
10 11
Boring survey, analysis of soil permeation
Installation of observation well Investigation of ground water
Purificationmeasures
Completion of investigation
Completion of investigation
Completion of investigation
50m mesh (entire area) 25m(high-concentration point)
No detection of subject substances
0.5m pitch, up to 5m depth
No detection of subject substances
No detection of subject substances
2m mesh (high-concentration point identified by the 25m investigation)
High-sensitivity soil-gasanalysis
High-sensitivitysoil-gasanalysis
Low-sensitivity soil-gas analysis
(complementary)
Concentrationplanar
mappingController
Pre-activationlayer
Pre-activation layer
Water pump
Pumping well Purification area
Injection well
Treated water layer
Raw water layer
Investigation flow
Simulation of underground water
Example of configuration of a purification system
Pumping well
underground water Injection well
Initial status
n-month later
nx2 month later
nx4 month later
Concentration%
100
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0
East
East
East
East
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North
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North
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
100
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50
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
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50 100 150 200 250 300 350
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50
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
100
0
50
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
Steel
Copper
Aluminum
Separation
SeparationCrushing
Crushing
Removal of solder
Solder
Plastics
Circuit board
Cabinet Disassembly
Motor
Washing machine
Steel
Copper
Aluminum
��
Steel
Copper
Aluminum
Copper
Aluminum
Solder
SeparationCrushing
Removal of solder
Heat exchangerPressing
Vibration
Circuit board
Cabinet
Freon
Compressor
Collection of refrigerant freonAir conditioner
PlasticsDisassembly
Detoxification of freon
Steel
Copper
Glass
Lead glass
Aluminum
Separation
Separation
Separation
Crushing
Crushing
Crushing
Removal of solder
Solder
Plastic
Circuit board
Cabinet
Panel
Funnel
Disassembly
Television
Front panel
Picture tube
Joint
Neck
Funnel
Steel
Copper
Aluminum
Steel
Copper
Aluminum
Solder
Detoxification of freon
SeparationCrushing
Rough crushing
Separation
Drying
Removal of solder
Compressor
Circuit board
Cabinet
FreonCollection of refrigerant freon
Refrigerator
Detoxification of freon
��
12
Washing machinesA washing machine can be separated into amotor, a cabinet and a circuit board.Plastics such as polypropylene andpolyethylene are used in washing machines.Regarding recycling of these various typesof plastics, reclamation of oil from plasticsand conversion of plastics into solid fuel foruse as a reducing agent in blast furnacesare being considered. Therefore, keytechnologies are those for achievingselective removal of vinyl chloride fromseveral types of plastics and dechlorination.
Air conditionersAn air conditioner can be separated into acompressor, a cabinet, a circuit board and aheat exchanger. Technology for achievingcomplete separation of copper pipes andaluminum fins of heat exchangers is thekey.Air conditioners are disassembled aftercollection of refrigerant freon and separatedinto major components. Heat exchangersare pressed into thin sheets and thenseparated into copper and aluminum byvibration. The retrieved copper andaluminum are used in the manufacture ofcopper products and aluminum products.
Environmentally-consciouspackagingToshiba is promoting environmentally-conscious packaging from the viewpoint ofthe "3Rs" (reduce, reuse and recycle). A law on recycling of packaging will comeinto force in April 2000, making itmandatory for manufacturers to recyclecertain types of packaging and to track andcontrol shipments, including registry andretention of records.Toshiba's commitment to environmentalprotection regarding packaging goesbeyond responding to the law that is tocome into effect. Toshiba is promotingappropriate packaging and improvement ofpackaging from the packaging designstage, based on such factors as therobustness of the product packaged andutilizing its packaging evaluation system,and is reducing waste packaging.
To achieve a recycling societyElectric and electronic consumer productsare integral to contemporary lifestyles.However, these products are disposed ofwhen replaced by new products. Landfill isthe most common method of disposal forconsumer products.It is necessary to establish a recyclingsociety in which limited resources are usedeffectively. Public interest in disposal ofconsumer products and recycling has beenmounting and laws governing treatment ofwaste consumer products have beenannounced and will be implemented.Toshiba is making efforts to establish arecycling system throughout Toshiba Groupso as to facilitate reuse and recycling ofwaste consumer products.
Promotion of recycledemonstration experimentsA law mandating recycling of certainhousehold appliances was announced inJune 1998 and from April 2001 it willbecome mandatory for manufacturers torecycle household appliance specified in thelaw (televisions, refrigerators, washingmachines and air conditioners). Prior to the law coming into effect, Toshibais doing research on recycling of consumerproducts, as part of its ongoing efforts toreduce environmental impacts at everyphase of a product's life, from design,procurement of materials and components,and manufacturing through to use anddisposal.Regarding the recycling process, Toshiba isconducting demonstration experimentsjointly with Term Corp., an affiliate, ondisassembly and classification of materials(preprocesses) of televisions, refrigerators,
air conditioners and personal computers,and is gathering data for each productcategory on the time required fordismantling, volume of materials and partswhich can be recycled, etc. and know-howto establish efficient recycling methods.
Recycling technology for end-of-life consumer productsThe crucial point in recycling isthorough classification of materialsso that a product can be separatedinto the original materials.Waste consumer products can becollected and separated intomaterials, such as steel, copper,aluminum, and glass. Recycling ofplastics by reclamation of fuel oilfrom them or reuse of plastics byseparating them by type are beingconsidered.
Recycling of consumer products
TelevisionsA television can be disassembled into apicture tube, a circuit board and a cabinet.Glass of the picture tube and plastics of thecabinet constitute the bulk of materialsused in a TV.A picture tube consists of a front panel, arear funnel and a neck. For recycling ofglass used for picture tubes, it is critical toensure that glass used for picture tubes isseparated without mixing with colored leadglass used for funnels. Separated glass iscrushed into cullets and reconstituted asnew glass by glass manufacturers.
RefrigeratorsA refrigerator can be separated into acompressor, a motor, a cabinet and a circuitboard. Some former types of refrigeratorscontain freon which was used for expansionof heat insulation material. Toshiba isvigorously researching detoxification offreon in the recycling process. Toshiba isdeveloping an efficient and low-costrecycling technology in which heatinsulating material is crushed together withcabinets and then dried, and gas generatedis decomposed at a high temperature ofabove 1200˚C by a gas transformer andused as clean gas fuel.
13
Case study of packaging of PCs in Japan
Ozone-depleting
substances
The FREE+2A program is the blueprint forToshiba's environmental actions. F standsfor "freon-less", expressing Toshiba'sdetermination to cut the use of ozone-depleting substances; R for "recycling",representing our drive to reuse as much aspossible and minimize what is discarded;the first E expresses our commitment tomanufacturing products and developingtechnologies that reduce energy
consumption; and the second E stands forthe Earth, signifying the company's widerange of activities designed to prevent therelease of harmful substances into theenvironment, whether into soil, water, orthe atmosphere. "plus 2A" highlights theimportance of auditing and action plans inour environmental activities. The acronymFREE expresses Toshiba's resolve to helpfree the Earth from environmental scourges.
All Toshiba employees take part inprograms designed to strengthen ourcredentials as an environmentally-friendlyenterprise; one that vigorously recycles andacts decisively to reduce the amount ofmaterials it discards. Our ultimate goal: aworld in which everything is recycled andnothing is thrown away.
Toshiba works to reduce the environmental load of every product it manufactures. At the manufacturing phase, Toshibalooks ahead, seeking to reduce the load during the product's use and to ensure its suitability for recycling or easydisposal at the end of its life cycle. This commitment extends to every phase of the product's life, from design,procurement of materials and components, and manufacturing through to use and disposal. Thus, Toshiba seeks toattune its activities to the rhythms and capacities of the Earth, taking only what is necessary and recycling as much aspossible.
Protection of ozone layer
Abolition of ODS
Reduction of waste
Product assessment
Prevention of global warming
Energy saving
Voluntary plans
New environmental audit system
Environmental structures
Prevention of pollution
Toshiba's Commitment
14
Toshiba has either curbed the use of ozone-depleting substances or dispensed withthem altogether. Ozone-depletingsubstances which Toshiba has used inmanufacturing include CFCs for cleaningcomponents or used as refrigerant andadiabatic expanding agent in refrigerators;trichloroethane for cleaning components;carbon tetrachloride for dry etching ofsemiconductors; HCFC as a refrigerant in airconditioners and large refrigerators and asan adiabatic expanding agent inrefrigerators.In 1989 Toshiba established a corporate-level committee to identify suitablereplacements for CFCs used in cleaningprocesses. That committee iscomplemented by committees in eachproduct division, whose task it is to identifysuitable replacements for CFCs according totheir applications. As a result, Toshibaeliminated use of CFCs for cleaning inDecember 1993, of carbon tetrachloride inMay 1994, and of the powerful cleaningagent trichloroethane in November 1994.Finally, the use of CFCs for injection inrefrigerators and other products waseliminated in September 1995. Toshiba hassystematically transferred know-how onnon-CFC-based cleaning techniques tosubsidiaries and partner companies and,moreover, shared it with society at large by
working through industry associations,providing documentation on examples ofvarious applications, dispatchinginstructors, and so forth. In terms ofvolume, CFCs have been mostly replaced bywater-based cleaning agents. As substitutesfor trichloroethylene andtetrachloroethylene, which are substanceswhose use is prohibited, Toshiba does notuse organochlorine solvents such asmethylene chloride.Toshiba sti l l uses turbo-refrigeratorscontaining CFCs for clean-room airconditioning and fire-fighting equipmentcontaining halon. As of March 31 1998, theamount of CFCs contained in turbo-refrigerators was about 32 tons and theamount of halon in fire-fighting equipmentwas about 270 tons, calculated on thebasis of ODP (ozone-depleting power).For air-conditioning systems, eachoperation has established a retrofittingplan. Equipment is selected followingconsideration of such factors as the energy-efficiency of air-conditioning systems,supply and demand of electricity, the trendof atmospheric pollution around Japan, andthe adequacy of refrigerant forreplenishment. Toshiba will not install any new fire-fightingequipment which uses halon, and notifiesthe Halon Bank Council when
decommissioning such equipment, so as toensure proper treatment. In fiscal 1997, 1.5tons of halon (ODP basis) collected from 49sets of fire-fighting equipment at Toshibawas transferred to registered enterprises.On facilities and equipment within Toshibathat use ozone-depleting substances asrefrigerant, regardless of whether thefacilities and equipment is for manufacturingor non-manufacturing purposes, a label isconspicuously affixed stating that the facilityor equipment uses freon. This labelingsystem ensures employees' awareness offreon, and thus, helps prevent release ofozone-depleting substances to theatmosphere through negligence duringmaintenance, relocation and disposal. As aresult, ozone-depleting substances,including halon, collected from the internalfacilities exceeded 20 tons in fiscal 1997.Except in rare, specialized instances,HCFCs, whose production has beenregulated since 1996, are no longer usedby Toshiba in cleaning processes, since thegas easily ends up in the atmosphere.With a view to dispensing with HCFCs,which are injected into products, Toshiba isevaluating substitute substances from theviewpoints of impact on global warming,safety and convenience of products, and isdeveloping and commercializing HCFC-freeequipment.
100
80
60
40
20
086 89 91 92 93 94 95 96(fiscal year)
89
100
4334
25
600.8
■ ■
TrichloroethaneCFC
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96(fiscal year)
82
100
61
29
167.6
0
Use(%) Use(%)
Toshiba uses HFC134a for the turbo refrigeratorfor air-conditioning systems for commercialbuildings, factories and hospitals, as it has anozone layer depleting coefficient of zero
Turbo refrigerator Label indicating facilities which use freon
Freonless：Protecting the ozone layer
100
80
60
40
20
0
15
Results of collection of refrigerant fromequipment in Toshiba facilities
0
Cleaning Injection in products
Amount collected calculated on ODP basis (kg)
Fiscal 1996 Fiscal 1997
CFC11 13,595.0 19,850.0
CFC12 41.4 43.7
HCFC22 919.5 227.2
Mixed refrigerant R502 93.9 62.0
Halon 1301 0.0 1,540.0
Facility using freonThis facility uses freonas a refrigerant. Inorder to protect theozone layer, informthe EnvironmentalProtection Center ifthe facility is to berelocated or withdrawnfrom service, so thatthe freon can becollected.
1716
At Toshiba, all employees at all facilities areinvolved in energy-saving activit ies.Throughout Toshiba, it is second nature foremployees to switch off computers and OAequipment during lunch or whenever thereis a break in the workflow, switch lights ofwhen they are not required, set airconditioners at fixed temperatures (they aretripped at 28˚C in summer and 18˚C inwinter). Throughout its operations, Toshibahas proactively introduced copiers andpersonal computers that satisfy theInternational Energy Star standards.Toshiba has been investing in order toimprove facilities systematically. At FuchuWorks the combination of a gas turbinecogeneration system with maximum outputof 6,430kW and an ice heat storage systemusing night-time electricity has enhancedenergy efficiency, achieving energy savingof 3,200kl calculated in crude oil(equivalent to 11% of energy used at FuchuWorks) and contributing to a constant levelof electricity consumption.Toshiba provides products that contributeto energy-saving. Toshiba's 200kWphosphoric fuel cell power generationsystem received a Commendation of 21stCentury Type Energy-Conserving Apparatusand Systems for fiscal 1997 from the EnergyConservation Center, an organizationaffiliated with the Ministry of InternationalTrade and Industry. Toshiba has introducedfour units of this system at its operationsand they are making a great contribution toenergy saving.Toshiba's high-efficiency motors for theJapanese market satisfy the efficiencystandards set by JIS and those for NorthAmerica satisfy standards set by EPAct (U.S.
Energy Policy Act). At Oita Works 275 high-efficiency motors are in operation and useof high-efficiency motors for power facilitieshas reached 80%. More and more factoriesare adopting high-efficiency motors.Toshiba was first in the world tocommercialize a general-purpose transistorinverter and its application reduced thenoise of motors. A large reduction in energyconsumption can be achieved if fan (pump)motors which control flow rate by dampersare inverter-driven. In fiscal 1997 Toshibainstalled 49 general-purpose inverters,resulting in energy saving of 10.38 millionkW. Toshiba's ultrahigh-efficiency transformersachieve 50% reduction in loss compared tostate-of-the-art motors of 30 years ago,thanks to utilization of optimum materialsand the latest technologies. In fiscal 199741 such transformers were introduced,achieving 520,000kW power saving.Toshiba Lighting & Technology, asubsidiary, has commercialized a systemwhich achieves about 50% power saving bycombining high-efficiency l ightingequipment with a power-saving lightingcontrol system. Many Toshiba factorieshave adopted this system. There were 38energy-saving cases concerning lightingequipment in fiscal 1997, realizing powersaving of 600,000kW.In the context of efforts to raise the energy-efficiency of production facilities, precisemeasurement of energy consumption isindispensable. Toshiba has installed theBUILDAC integrated building monitoringsystem and TOSCAM computerized energy-control system at every production site.Toshiba is implementing not only control of
energy consumption of a factory as awhole, but of each workplace and eachmajor equipment.Semiconductor factories use cold air for airconditioning. Toshiba is working toenhance the efficiency of refrigerators usedto cool water. In fiscal 1997 measures toenhance efficiency were implemented for16 refrigerators and Toshiba saved energyequivalent to 4,210kl of crude oil.Most Toshiba facil it ies, based onagreements with regional electric powerutilities covering supply and demand, areachieving relatively uniform consumptionduring the summer. Yokohama FacilityAdministration Center, Ome Works andKomukai Works use night-time electricityfor heating cold water brought into thermalstorage tanks, so that they are able toreduce electricity consumption during peakperiods during the daytime.In 1997, the Research and DevelopmentCenter and Komukai Works receivedawards from the Electricity UseRationalization Committee of the KantoRegion. Oita Works was cited for its successin energy conservation by the Japan EnergyConservation Center at its nationalassembly in 1995 and received thePresident's Prize of the same organizationin 1996.
*Electric power is calculated in terms of crude oil at therate of 10,000kWh=2.65kl.
Fuel cell system High-efficiency morter
High-efficiency transformer / mold transformer
Power and heat demands Cogeneration Ice heat storage
Building cooling load
Electrical load
Power load
Heat discharge
200kW
4,280kW (max. 6,430kW)
523t/h
37t/hGas turbine (increased electrical output)Air intake cooling equipmentSteam
Steam jet (variable output)
Steam10t/h(206˚C)
Cold water 560t /h(6˚C)
Electric refrigerator
Utilization of
night-time electricity
Supe
r co
gene
rati
on s
yste
m
Steam absorption refrigerator
Heat storage tower
gas turbine
Compressed air compressorFuel cell
City gas
Cogeneration system
City gas
Waste gas boiler
Heat discharge
Ice heat storage system
Heat
stor
age
only
durin
g ni
ght-t
ime
Flow of the super cogeneration systemThe super cogeneration system achieves high efficiency and multifunctionality by combining gas turbine cogeneration with ice heat storage.
Energy saving：Saving energy (See also page 7.)
Target Result
It is humankind's duty to cultivate a propersense of the value of the Earth's limitedresources, and accordingly to use themsparingly, while at the same time protectingthe environment from pollution by waste.Toshiba, by reducing waste and expandingthe scope of recycling, is endeavoring touse resources as efficiently as possible.Toshiba pursues two fundamentalapproaches. One is development ofproducts with low environmental loads,based on assessment conducted at thedesign stage to evaluate those loads. Theother is reduction of waste generated in thecourse of manufacturing.Toshiba's corporate-wide drive to reducewaste is spearheaded by the End-Of-LifeProduct Committee attached to the
Corporate Environmental ProtectionCouncil. First, the quantity and type ofwaste associated with a given process orproduct is determined. Then the focus is onrecycling or, preferably, solving the problemat its source by finding ways to avoidgenerating waste.The graph shows the results of Toshiba'sefforts to reduce waste. Waste in fiscal1997 was 81% less than in fiscal 1990,surpassing the target of 72%.This resultreflects the thorough implementation oftwo projects launched in the 90s: one toachieve the efficient and effectiveseparation of materials, the other toimplement a comprehensive recyclingsystem for the three most heavily-generatedwastes. Since 1994, the proportion of total
waste accounted for by the three leadingtypes of waste, namely sludge, plastics andslag, has been slashed from 2/3 to less thanhalf, as a result of Toshiba's efforts torecycle sludge and slag as materials forcement and waste plastics as solid fuel.As their name suggests, Recycling Centers(an example is shown in the photo above),located at manufacturing operations, focuson recycling rather than storage of waste.Waste, separated into 20-30 types ofmaterials at the sites where it is generated,is transferred to the centers. In many cases,to avoid mix-ups, color coding is used foreasy identif ication of materials.Furthermore, because recyclable materialsat the centers are protected from theelements, their quality does not deteriorate.
■ ■
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97(fiscal year)
56
42
5660
69
78 80
■ ■
100
90
80 80
72
61
70
60
4650
29 3024
Targets and results of reduction of waste
Waste plastics 18%
Paper 21%Others 5%
Waste acid 18%
Sludge 15%
Waste oil 6%
Glass, porcelain andearthenware chips 4%
Waste alkali 9%
Slag 4%
100
80
60
40
20
0
(%)
100
80
60
40
20
090 91 92 93 94 95 96 97(Fiscal year)
Ratio of waste to net sales (Fiscal 1990 = 100%)
(%)
Recycling Center of a manufacturing operation
Types of waste Rate of recycling
Recycling：Reducing waste
17,339tons
87
28
19
Metal Others
Earth protection：Preventing pollutionTo prevent pollution, Toshiba is introducingfail-safe systems at its facil it ies. Thecompany's Environment Structure TaskForce consisting of specialists withinToshiba has issued seven sets of guidelinescovering structures that pose environmentalrisks. The first set, issued in November1990, covers the installation and structureof dikes and pans. Subsequent guidelinesdeal with exhaust gas scrubbers, wastestorage sites, storerooms for chemicals,piping for supply and drainage of liquidchemicals, waste water treatment facilities,and plating facilities. In accordance withthese guidelines, Toshiba ensures theintegrity of each structure in order toprevent pollution.The guidelines covering the installation andstructure of dikes and pans are designed toprevent leakage of chemicals into theground or the public water system,including sewerage systems, in the event ofleakage of chemicals from tanks or othercontainers. Toshiba requires tanks and containers forstorage of corrosive chemicals such asacids, chemicals containing toxic heavymetals, and other hazardous substances, infacilities that are within the scope of theWater Pollution Prevention Law and otherregulations and accords, to be equippedwith dikes, pans, weirs and pits for fail-safecontrol in the event of leakage.
For example, Toshiba's guidelines, basedon fail-safe analysis, require the capacity ofa dike to be more than 110% of the tankcapacity when there is only one tank, and more than 150% of the capacity of thelargest tank when there are two or moretanks. A dike and an exhaust gas cleaningfacility are shown in the photographs.A survey conducted in fiscal 1992 found49% of Toshiba's manufacturing operationssatisfied the guidelines. By the end of fiscal1997 the rate had been increased to 89%,as indicated below. The radar chart showsthe extent to which the guidelines weresatisfied for each type of structure. Therates for exhaust gas scrubbers and wastewater treatment facilities reflect the highercost and longer period of time required forupgrading these structures. Toshiba iscontinuing to systematically upgrade thesetwo types of structures.
18
Rate of satisfaction of guidelines for structures
100
80
60
40
20
092 93 94 95 96 97(fiscal year)
61
49
6671
81
(%)
Dikes for tanks containing liquid chemicals
Exhaust gas cleaning facility
Plating
Dike
Pan
Waste water treatment
Piping
Storeroom for chemicals
Scrubber
Waste storage site
97fiscal year
Rate by each set of guidelines
89
Audit report
Review
Self-evaluationExecute prior self-evaluation of the prescribeditems by internal audit and submit the results
PresentationReport on environmental protection
at the operation
Auditing Flow of environmental audit Environmental activity file
Toshiba conducts environmental audits,viewing them as an essential element ofcorporate risk management.In accordance with Toshiba's audit systemknown as EASTER (Environmental AuditSystem in Toshiba on the basis of ECOResponsibility), Toshiba Group has beenconducting annual audits of all its facilitiessince 1993.The audit system comprises a basic sectionand a special section. In contrast with theISO audit, EASTER emphasizes inspection ofworkplaces. The basic section consists of achecklist of 256 items comprisingenvironmental protection systems,environmental protection activit ies,enhancement of safety, measures to copewith abnormalities, the saving of resourcesand energy, environmental technology,participation of all employees, andcooperation and coexistence with thecommunity. The special section consistsprimarily of an inspection to ascertain theextent to which priority environmentalprotection measures have beenimplemented during the year.As shown below, the audit starts with a
self-evaluation, followed by the main audit,review, and submission of the audit report.Each audit, comprising inspection ofdocumentation and facilities, takes twodays to complete. The results of the auditare rated using five grades from A to E and,after approval by the director responsiblefor environmental protection throughoutToshiba, are reported to the personnel incharge of environmental protection at thesubject facilities.All auditors are required to pass an in-house examination and perform a practiceaudit. Staff completing the training arecertified as in-house auditors by the directorresponsible for environmental protectionthroughout Toshiba. At present, there areabout 250 certified auditors within ToshibaGroup. In order to ensure theindependence, objectivity and impartialityof the audit, auditors for any given audit ofan operation are drawn from the corporate-level Environmental Protection Center andfrom organizations within Toshiba. Thepurpose is to inspect the operation's effortsto involve all personnel in environmentalprotection activities, and to foster capable
human resources through education andconsciousness raising. These points arechecked against concrete standards.Each operation engages in variousenvironmental protection activities. Forexample, at Fukaya Works and FukayaDisplay Devices Works, project teamsdevoted to improving the environment havebeen formed separately from theorganizations in charge of environmentalprotection, in order to encourage allpersonnel, including office staff, toparticipate in environmental protectionactivities. All personnel display a notice inthe workplace indicating theirenvironmental protection goals for the year.Handy manuals on separation of waste fordisposal have been created. Also, differentworkplaces compete to develop the bestsystem of waste separation.Every operation systematically conducts andrecords environmental protection activities,and undertakes education andconsciousness raising, thus sowing theseeds of future environmental protectionactivities.
Auditing：Environmental audits
19
Examination for qualification as in-house auditors
Document audit
OEvaluation of the degree towhich the operation's priorityitems have been achieved
OEvaluation of environmentalprotection promotion items
Workplace audit
OEvaluation of the degree ofreduction of environmentalrisk in each workplace andfacility and for each item ofequipment.
Voluntary plan (announced in May 1996)
Commitment items Targets: compared with fiscal 1995 Results in fiscal 1997
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
■■
21
Implement product assessments
Reduce use of parts and materials that aredifficult to recycle
Reduce weight per product function
Reduce electricity consumed per product function
Reduce weight of product packaging
Reduce time required to disassemble products
Reduce use of styrofoam packaging
Reduce ratio of waste to net sales
Reduce ratio of energy consumption to net sales
Secure ISO-14001 certification
Establish and implement an environmental vision
Reduce utilization of toxic chemical substances
All products(continued implementation since fiscal 1993)
Subject : Consumer products and information equipmentTarget : 30% reduction by fiscal 2000
Subject : Information equipment and control devicesTarget : 10% reduction by fiscal 2000
Subject : Consumer products and information equipmentTarget : 10% reduction by fiscal 2000
Subject : All industrial-use productsTarget : 30% reduction by fiscal 2000
Subject : Consumer products and information equipmentTarget : 50% reduction by fiscal 1997
compared with fiscal 1992
Subject : All productsTarget : 50% reduction by fiscal 2000
Subject : All production and research facilitiesTarget : 75% reduction by fiscal 2000
compared with fiscal 1990
Subject : All production and research facilitiesTarget : 30% reduction by fiscal 2000
compared with fiscal 1990
Subject : All production and research facilitiesTarget : All production and research
facilities by fiscal 1997
Subject : All operationsTarget : Establish vision by fiscal 1996 and
then implement
Subject : Electronic component and semiconductor production facilitiesTarget : 33% reduction of the ratio of toxic chemicals used to net
sales by fiscal 1997 and 50% reduction by fiscal 2000, measured against fiscal 1994
100% implementation
14% reduction
12% reduction
24% reduction
15% reduction
54% reduction
19% reduction
81% reduction
w 0%
(Target achieved)
100% implementation
87% reduction
This color indicates that the item has been achieved.
The ultimate objective of all environmentalendeavors is to create an economy andsociety that function in harmony with theEarth's environment. For this purpose, it isincumbent on companies to assume greatersocial responsibil ity and act as good
corporate citizens. Indispensable to this isthe formulation of comprehensive voluntaryenvironmental plans (action plans). Toshibaannounced its first voluntary plan in March1993, and achieved the seven initial targetsspecified as planned, by the end of fiscal
1995.The company announced a 12-item secondvoluntary plan, in May 1996, covering moreextensive and higher targets that are to beachieved by the year 2000.
Action plan：Voluntary environmental plan
20
Implement product assessments
From the design stage onward, Toshibastrives to create environmentally-consciousproducts. Product assessment meanschecking resource saving, recyclability,power consumption, etc. of a productthroughout its life cycle. Toshiba aims toapply product assessment to all itsproducts.
Reduce use of parts and materialsthat are difficult to recycle
For consumer products and informationequipment, Toshiba aims to reduce the useof difficult-to-recycle parts and materials by30% by fiscal 2000, against fiscal 1995, inorder to improve the recyclabil ity ofproducts and save resources.
Reduce weight per product function
For information equipment and controldevices, Toshiba aims to reduce weight perproduct function by 10% by fiscal 2000,measured against fiscal 1995.
Reduce electricity consumed perproduct function
For consumer products and informationequipment, which tend to consume a lot ofelectricity, Toshiba aims to reduce electricityconsumed per product function by 10% byfiscal 2000, against fiscal 1995. This goalhas already been achieved for airconditioners, personal computers andrefrigerators, and higher targets have beenset for these products.
Reduce weight of productpackaging
Toshiba aims to reduce the weight ofproduct packaging for industrial-useproducts by 30% by fiscal 2000, measuredagainst fiscal 1995, to save resources.
Reduce time required todisassemble products
In order to cut waste, Toshiba aims toreduce the time required to disassembleconsumer products and informationequipment by 50% by fiscal 1997,measured against fiscal 1992.
Reduce use of styrofoam packaging
Toshiba is reducing the use of styrofoampackaging and increasing the use ofrecyclable packaging or dispensing withpackaging. Toshiba aims to halve thevolume of styrofoam packaging for allproducts by fiscal 2000, measured againstfiscal 1995.
Reduce industrial waste
Toshiba aims to reduce the ratio of thevolume of waste consigned to wastedisposal companies to net sales by 75% byfiscal 2000, measured against fiscal 1990.
Promote energy conservation
In order to prevent global warming, Toshibais executing energy conservation measuresrespecting electricity, gas and oil used inmanufacturing. Toshiba aims to reduce theratio of energy consumption to net sales by15% by fiscal 2000, measured against fiscal1990.
Secure ISO-14001 certification
Plans called for all domestic production andresearch facilities to secure ISO-14001certification by the end of fiscal 1997. (Asof September 1997, all facil it ies hadsecured certification.)
Establish and implement an environmentalvision covering all products
Toshiba has formulated a vision covering allthe products of all its business groupswhich targets creation of environmentally-conscious products; it is now implementingthe vision.
Implement the new 33/50 Project
In response to the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency's 33/50 Project, Toshibais reducing the amount of toxic chemicalsubstances used in production processes.Toshiba aims to reduce the ratio of theamount of chemical substances used to netsales by 33% by fiscal 1997, measuredagainst fiscal 1994, and by 50% by fiscal2000.
Implementation of voluntary plan at50 Toshiba Group companies
Toshiba's voluntary environmental plan iscommunicated to group companies at theannual Toshiba Group EnvironmentalProtection Council meeting, at which seniorexecutives of Toshiba Group companiesparticipate. The voluntary plan isimplemented collectively by Toshiba Groupcompanies acting in concert.
Concept of an environmentally-conscious product
Resource extractionRaw material procurement
Reduction in use of raw materialsUse of recycled materialsRestrictions on raw materials usedRationalization of logistics
Product manufacturing
Energy savingReduction of wasteAbolition of use of ODSReduction in use of toxic substances
Reduction in packaging materialsEnergy savingCountermeasures for emissionsRationalization of logistics
Distribution/sales
Use/consumption, Energy saving,Reduction in consumablesLong lifetime, Upgrading
Use/consumption
Indication of types of materialsEasy disassemblyUnification of materialsAdequate processing
Collection of waste products
Minimization of final disposal
Recycle
Development of Environmentally-conscious Products
100
80
60
40
20
0 95 96 97 2000 target (fiscal year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
(%) (%)
(%) (%)
(%)
Toshiba strives to create environmentally-conscious products: that is, products whoseenvironmental impact is minimized at everystage of their entire life cycle-from materialsprocurement, manufacture and distribution,through to consumption and eventualdisposal. With this goal in mind, Toshibahas established voluntary plans designatingtargets for reducing environmental impacts.Thorough product assessment is executedat the development and design stage toachieve environmentally-consciousproducts. This assessment system ensuresthat designs incorporate features to lessenthe environmental impact of products overtheir l i fe cycles. The conservation ofresources, recyclability and energy-savingfeatures of products are all checkedrigorously. This system covers the entireToshiba product range-from consumerproducts to heavy electrical apparatus. The targets set in the initial voluntary plan
established in 1993 for major consumerproducts and office automation equipmentwere all achieved. For both difficult-to-recycle parts and use of styrofoampackaging, the target was 30% reductionin fiscal 1995 compared with fiscal 1992and the results were more than satisfactory,at 61% reduction and 58% reduction,respectively. To reduce waste, quantitativetargets were also set for reduction inweight per product function. By fiscal 1995,weight per product function was 11%lower than in 1992. This translates into a15,000-ton reduction each year in theweight of the consumer products andinformation equipment manufactured byToshiba. The targets of 50% reduction inthe time required to disassemble productsand 30% reduction in the volume ofproduct packaging were also achieved.Based on these results, in fiscal 1996Toshiba articulated a new environmental
vision for the company's product ranges,and, at the same time, drew up andannounced a new voluntary plan for thefiscal years 1996 to 2000. In the secondvoluntary plan the scope has been expandedto include information/communicationequipment and control equipment, inaddition to consumer products and officeautomation equipment. The graphillustrates the progress that has been maderespecting several criteria included in thesecond voluntary plan. Toshiba setsstringent targets to promote creation ofenvironmentally-conscious products. In the following pages, we i l lustrateToshiba's commitment to the environmentby referring to four major consumerproducts- televisions, air conditioners,washing machines and refrigerators -andthe work of the Environmental EngineeringLaboratory.
Reduction in electricity consumptionper product function
Reduction in weight per product function
Reduction in use of difficult-to-recycle materials
Reduction in use of styrofoamReduction in weight of
packaging materials
22
95 96 97 2000 target (fiscal year) 95 96 97 2000 target (fiscal year)
95 96 97 2000 target (fiscal year) 95 96 97 2000 target (fiscal year)
In Japan, televisions are within the scope ofa law announced in 1998 mandatingrecycling of household appliances, and arealready subject to the Recycling Law. Powerconsumption of televisions is also subject tothe Energy-Saving Law. Above and beyond its adherence to lawsand regulations, Toshiba is at the forefrontof efforts to develop and commercializetelevisions that are more environmentally-conscious products.For recycling, a television has to bedisassembled and materials of the sametype gathered together. Therefore, inToshiba-brand televisions the name of thematerial of which each plastic part is madeis indicated. Additionally, because both thecabinet and the components incorporatedin it are made of the same material,polystyrene, recycling is facilitated becausethere is no need to remove thesecomponents from the cabinet prior todisposal.
Examples of Toshiba's design of TVs foreasy to disassembly can be seen in the useof fewer screws and in avoiding the use ofcomponents in which metal and resin areemployed in combination. The number ofseparate components has been reduced byincorporating all the components in thefront casing into a single molded unit. Thisintegrated design is applied to Toshiba-brand TVs manufactured and soldthroughout the world. Furthermore, thecompany is raising awareness by includingdisassembly diagrams in service manuals.By designing a new, thinner cabinet anddeveloping a resin suitable for realizing thedesign, Toshiba reduced the weight of therear section of the cabinet for a 25-inch TVby 20% in fiscal 1997 compared with fiscal1996. Toshiba is widening the use of low-environmental-impact plastics for TVcabinets. In Europe we are using halogen-free flame-retardant plastics for TV
cabinets. In manufacturing processes,conventional solvent-based paints, apotential cause of air pollution, have beenreplaced by water-based paints, and theuse of CFCs for cleaning metal componentseliminated. Also, because most energyconsumption associated with TVs occursduring their use, Toshiba is designing TVsthat consume less power. For example,Toshiba has commercialized modelsequipped with an energy-saving mode thatis widely recognized as the hallmark ofcutting-edge energy-saving TVs.Typically, packaging materials fortelevisions are discarded once the consumerremoves the TV from the carton. Toshibahas reduced the amount of styrofoampackaging by 30% compared with fiscal1995, and adopted easy-to-recycle pulp-mold packing made of recycled paper.
Televisions
Screw
Picture tube holder
Front cover boss
Front cover
(a) (b)
Unification of TV cabinet material (use of PS)
Front cover main unit (PS)
Speaker grille (right and left)(Metal or polyester / PS, integrated formation)
Power switch (PS)
Cabinet material·Unification of material (use of polystyrene)·Saving resources with a thin, lightweight cabinet ·Reduced use of organic solvent by using water-based paints·Use of halogen-free materials
Packing·Replacement of styrofoam
by pulp-mold packing
Circuits and CPT·Saving electricity by increasing the
power utilization rate
Circuit board (glass-epoxy composite substrate)· Halogen-free phosphorus-based flame-retardant material
Control knob(ABS / PS)
Lenses (acrylic / PS)
Door (PS)
Reduction in the number of screws
23
The bar graphs show the targets and the resultsof the second voluntary environmental plan.
Cabinet assembly·Cut time for disassembly by reducing number of screws
·Elimination of disassembly by using the same material
2000
1000
0
（kWh）2,368
93 94 95 9896 97 99
1,692 1,5031,076 984
1,307 1,227
(fiscal year)
New structure water-saving tub
Outer tub
Washing and spin-drying tub
Inner lid
Outer tub
Water wastage prevention stop tub
Washing and spin-drying tub
Double-structure tub
Water between the spin-drying tub and the outer tub is wasted.
Water is saved because virtually no water is wasted.
Comparison of the amount of water used at constant rating and capacity
In parallel with the shift in demand forwashing machines from twin-tub models tomore convenient fully automatic washingmachines, people increasingly wash clothesbecause they have been worn, rather thanbecause they are dirty. The consequentincreased use of water and detergents hashad an adverse impact on the environment.As part of its efforts to conserve resources,Toshiba has commercialized water-savingwashing machines. They feature a novel tubdesign which greatly reduces the amount ofwater required; additionally, shower rinseand reuse of bath water are possible forfurther water economy. The main water-saving features are as follows:1 The washing and spin-drying tub
features a new hole-less constructionwhich stops water wastage during thewashing and rinse cycles.
2 The shower rinse system achieves highly efficient rinsing while saving water.
3 Bath water can be used for the washing cycle, supporting recycling of water.
4 Increasing the precision of the sensor that estimates the weight of the laundryallows the water level to be fine-tunedto suit the load.
By virtue of these technical developments,these washing machines use only abouthalf as much water as previous models.Furthermore, if the user recycles bath water,the amount of mains water used per washis also roughly halved. In addition to these advances, because thenew tub design greatly reduces the amountof water required for the washing cycle, theamount of detergent required per wash isreduced by around 30%.The recyclability of the washing machine'spackaging has also been greatly improvedby using cardboard instead of styrofoam.And as the time required for the entirecycle, from washing through to spin-drying,has also been approximately halved, theresult is washing machines that offeroutstanding all-round convenience. Direct-drive-motor-driven, inverter-controlled fullyautomatic washing machines marketedsince 1997 have achieved great reductionsin vibration and noise, thus contributing toa better home environment.
Door sash
Recess of door
Insulator
Recess of door
Door lining
Door lining
�
Fan
Compressor
Radiation pipe
Side panel radiation pipe (left) (right)
Rear panel radiation pipe
Condensation prevention pipe
RefrigeratorsAutomatic washing machines
Regarding refrigerators, the following mustbe taken into consideration in efforts toreduce power consumption, save resourcesand enhance ease of disassembly andrecycling.1 Refrigerators are used all year round
and account for about 20% of theelectricity consumed each year byJapanese households. Regarding CO2
discharge during the life cycle of arefrigerator, the environmental impact isgreatest while the product is in use.
2 Because refrigerators are large and heavy, disassembly and disposal are noteasy.
3 Refrigerators are subject to the law mandating recycling of householdappliances and the revised Energy-Saving Law.The following are Toshiba's achievementsregarding the above three aspects.
1) Reduction in power consumptionThe GR-470K refrigerator introduced inNovember 1998 achieves powerconsumption of 23kWh per month (Bmethod*). Whereas conventional modelsuse a single cooler for cooling of both thefreezer and the refrigeration compartment,the GR-470K uses two coolers, one for thefreezer and one for the refrigerationcompartment. The GR-470K adopts time-sharing control and operates the freezingcycle and the refrigerating cycle alternatelyin an efficient manner by switching therefrigerant via a control valve, and therebygreatly reducing power consumption.Moreover, further power saving is achievedby variable control of the inverter
performance of the compressor, the fan forcirculation of cool air and the fan forcooling of the compressor.2) Enhancement of ease-of-disassemblyThe radiation pipes of a conventionalrefrigerator are enclosed in heat insulatingmaterial at each side of the refrigerator.Consequently, they are difficult to remove.Toshiba solved the problem byincorporating the pipes into a singlediscrete unit, located on the underside ofthe refrigerator for easy removal.3) Reduction in use of vinyl chlorideThe door l ining of a conventionalrefrigerator is fixed to the door by the doorsash and vinyl chloride is used for both thedoor sash and the lining. By directly fixingthe door lining to the recess of the door,Toshiba has dispensed with the vinylchloride door sash. And while assuring thesealing characteristics of the door, the doorlining has been reduced in size byoptimizing the shape. Thus, the amount ofvinyl chloride used for the refrigerator isabout half that required for a comparableconventional model.
*B method is a method of a test specified by the JapanIndustrial Standards in which a test is carried outwithout opening or closing the door.
New structure water-saving tubEasy-to-disassemble structure
Water-saving fully automatic washing machine
Capacity of 6.5-7kg Capacity of 6kg
Doublestructure tub 210L 170L
(6.5kg)
New structure water-saving tub
119L 97L
（7kg）
New energy-savingLDR series airconditioners
New technologies for saving energy
Multi-bending heat exchangerIncreases the surface area of the
heat exchanger and enhances theheat exchange rate.
Compressor(digital twin rotary complex)Combination of highly efficient DC inverter motor and precise digital control achieves substantial energy savings.
Electronically-controlledexpansion valveOptimum control of the flowrate of refrigerant in a widerange improves efficiency.
New blade fanStreamlined, cross-sectional blade
shape increases airflow volume.
DC fan motorA highly-efficient DC motor is used.
Cross-flow fan of indoor unitRandom pitch fan with skew bladeincreases airflow volume.
Air conditioners account for around a fifthof total household electricity consumptionin Japan. The amount of CO2 dischargedduring use of an air conditioner accountsfor more than 99% of that dischargedthroughout the product's life cycle. Fromthe viewpoint of preventing globalwarming, the most import issue regardingair conditioners is to enhance their energyefficiency. Additionally, there is increasingdemand for high-quality indoor air.For products for 1999 (introduced inOctober 1998) Toshiba adopted a newrefrigerant which does not deplete ozone.To bring the characteristics of the newrefrigerant into full play, Toshiba developeda high-performance compressor and severalnew technologies, thus achieving 22%energy saving. Additionally, we introducedthe Daiseikai series RAS-285LDR, theindustry's f irst air conditioner thatautomatically detects the degree ofcleanness of air by a sensor and removesdust.
Main features of this new product are:(1) The highest coefficient of power in the
industry (among products for 1999)1 22% energy saving compared with the
comparable 1998 modelCoefficient of cooling power
3.94 / 4.79Coefficient of heating power
4.09 / 5.002 Annual power consumption
1.076kWh / 984kWh (9% reduction)3 Stand-by power consumption
4W / 0.8W (reduced to 1/5)(2) Adoption of new refrigerant which does
not deplete ozoneAdoption of HFC refrigerant R410Awhose ozone depleting coefficient is 0
(3) Enhanced quality of indoor airThe Air Monitor automatically detectsthe degree of cleanness of air by asensor and the newly developed high-efficiency dust collector adsorbsparticles as small as 0.01em, achievingabout 20% improvement in dustremoval efficiency.Deodorizing performance is doubled byadoption of zeolite.
Room air conditioners
24 25
60
40
20
0
Power consumption (kWh/month)55
95 96 97 (fiscal year)98/2introduced
98/11introduced
44
3429
23
Power consumption (B method)
Reduction in vinyl chloride used by changing the door structure
Annual power consumption(2.8kW class)
Toshiba Group has long been a source ofcutting-edge technologies in the fields ofenergy and electronics. Now, the group isdeploying its expertise and technologies inthe environmental arena to develop newenvironmentally-friendly technologies andexpand recycling. These new technologiesare rooted in the group's prowess inelectromagnetic energy, biotechnology,recycling, new energy, informationprocessing and sensors.
Purifying waste water for reuse
Ozone purification system
Making use of ozone's effectiveness as ableach, deodorizer and bactericide, Toshibahas developed an ozone purification systemthat can make waste water reusable. Thissystem has been installed in many waterpurification facil ities in Japan. Watersubjected to the ozone treatment can beused by industry, or in fountains andornamental streams that add delight toeveryday life. Ozone ranks second only tofluorine in terms of its oxidizing power andhas bleaching, deodorizing and bactericidalproperties. Further, since it is generated bythe action of electricity on air or oxygen,there is no need for large-scale storage andtransportation. Above all, since it eventuallyreverts back to oxygen, ozone causes nosecondary pollution. This environmentally-friendly system is usedfor purification of water for the public watersupply when the quality of raw water hasdeteriorated. The combination of ozoneprocessing and active carbon processing iscontributing to the provision of clean,good-quality, potable water.
Recovering resources from waste plastics
Oil reclamation system for waste plastics
Most plastics discharged in Japan aredisposed of by landfill or simply incinerated.It is becoming difficult to secure newlandfill sites and simple incineration causesgeneration of toxic hydrogen chloridebecause of the vinyl chloride contained inwaste plastics.The system for reclamation of oil fromwaste plastics reclaims fuel oil from wasteplastics containing vinyl chloride by thermaldecomposition after decomposition andremoval of toxic chlorine. Recycling ofwaste plastics is facilitated by this system.Features of this system are:1 Chlorine is decomposed from vinyl
chloride in the dechlorination processduring which continuous heating controlis applied.
2Chlorine is recovered in the chlorine processing process for which a sealedhydrochloric acid absorption tower isused.
3 Oil, discharged gas residue and hydrochloric acid generated in theprocesses are recycled. The system itselfis an energy-saving system which usesthe oil reclaimed as a heat source.
4 Oil is reclaimed by decomposition without catalyst.
5Waste plastics containing up to 50% vinyl chloride can be processed, thuseliminating the need for separation ofdifferent types of plastics.
6The system can be operated even when other solids (soil, sand, metal chips, etc.)are contained to a certain extent.
7Operation and maintenance are easy because it is a normal-pressuredecomposition system.
Filtering out solid impurities fromboiler feedwater
Hollow yarn membrane boiler feedwater filtration equipment
Electric power plants use various kinds ofwater processing filtration equipment. Themain requirements are maintenance ofhigh-purity f i ltered water, control ofsecondary-waste generation, simpleoperation of the equipment, and low initialand running costs. The hollow yarn membrane filter satisfies allthese requirements. Its fine porosity ensuresa consistently high level of water quality.Further, since its filtration area is very large,the equipment is compact. Unlikeconventional filtration equipment, no filteraids are required, and the module iscombustible, so little secondary wastematerial is produced. The hollow yarnmembrane filter is suitable for a wide rangeof applications---from comparatively small-capacity waste-liquid processing systems tolarge-capacity boiler feedwater purificationsystems. The hollow yarn membrane filter ismade of polyethylene pierced from theouter to the inner surface with innumerableholes which are less than 0.1e m indiameter. Solid impurities within theundiluted solution are captured on themembrane's outer surface, thus achievingclear filtrate. A single fi ltration module consists ofapproximately 10,000 of these hollow yarnsbundled and fixed at both ends. The filterconsists of many modules. It has a largefiltration area but is compact.
Bird's-eye view ofthe filter
Hollow yarnmembrane
moduleOzone purification systemOil reclamation equipment
for waste plastics
27
The Environmental Engineering Laboratory,established in 1989 within the Researchand Development Center, Toshiba'scorporate research organization, is devotedto the R&D of environmental technology.The laboratory's research themes focus ontechnologies to realize environmentally-conscious products that have a low impacton the environment throughout their lifecycles from material procurement,manufacture and use to disposal. Notableachievements so far include substitutes fortrichloroethane and the development ofbasic technology for recovery of oil fromwaste plastics. Recently the laboratory commercialized alife-cycle-assessment software product thatenables evaluation of products'environmental impacts at the design stage.Additionally, the laboratory is engaged inthe R&D of eco-friendly materials such aslead-free solder and a copper-iron dual-phase alloy, recycling technology forrefrigerators, and thermally-hardeningresins.
Life cycle assessmenttechnologyToshiba developed this tool for quantitativeevaluation of a product's environmentalimpact throughout its life cycle. Its featuresinclude simple menu-based input on PCsrunning Windows, and calculation ofenvironmental impacts corresponding tothe types and mix of materials selected. Itallows users to easily identify critical factorsrespecting reduction of environmentalimpacts.
The tool can calculate impacts on theatmosphere and on water, and thecontemplated product's energyconsumption. The laboratory is developingevaluation techniques that take intoaccount the effects of toxic materials, andfor that purpose is developing technology
to analyze toxic substances contained inproducts.
Copper-iron dual-phase alloysThe development of an alloy that combinesthe high electrical conductivity of copperwith the strength of iron has always beensomething of a metallurgist's dream. Bycontrolling the concentration of oxygen in
the molten raw material, Toshiba hasachieved this goal. Using this technology,alloy can be produced from scrap iron thatcontains copper. A new raw material canbe produced at low cost. Its cheapness andbacterial resistance make it ideal inapplications such as IH rice cookers.
Recycling technology forrefrigeratorsDuring fiscal 1996, approximately 3.6million refrigerators were scrapped in Japanalone. Commissioned by the JapaneseHome Electric Appliances Foundation toresearch recycling technology forrefrigerators for three years, the laboratoryconducted R&D for reclamation of oil fromurethane, which is used as an insulationmaterial, and for detoxification of the CFCsthat are used as a foaming agent in theurethane. A bench-scale test confirmed theeffectiveness of the technology at a rate of25kg/hr.
Recycling technology for fire-retardant plasticsThe laboratory is developing a technique forproduction of dioxin-free clean gas fuel byhigh-temperature decomposition of fire-retardant plastics containing halogen thatare used for televisions and personalcomputers. This technique will enableconversion of plastics that vinyl chlorideinto fuel and decomposition anddetoxification of freon. This technique canalso be applied to processing of shredderdust of waste home appliances and wastecars.
Lead-free soldering technologyIn pursuit of environmentally-friendlyproducts, the laboratory is developing anew soldering technology. The laboratoryhas developed a tin-zinc eutectic solderwhich, unlike conventional solder, does notcontain lead, a toxic substance. It has beenconfirmed that when ultrasonic wave isapplied in a low-oxygen atmosphere, thisnew solder can be used under the samesoldering conditions as conventional tin-lead solder. The laboratory aims to achievepractical application of lead-free solder andsoldering processes by enhancing thecharacteristics of the new solder and basedon evaluation of its reliability.
100um
Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Recycle plant for waste refrigerators
Life cycle assessment tool
Toxic substance microanalysis equipment
i
Optical microscope photograph of copper-iron alloy (stereo diagram)(Cu-50Fe)
Rolling direction
→
Fe Cu
Cu
Fe
26
Prototype lead-free soldering equipment
Commercial-use food waste processorDechlorination equipment
for waste plasticsThermal decomposition gas
conversion systemTreatment system for heavilycontaminated waste water
Corona discharge processing equipment for exhaust gases
28 29
Making solid fuels fromdechlorinated waste plastics
Dechlorination equipment for waste plastics
Plastics account for about 10% of thehousehold garbage generated inJapan.Vinyl chloride-based plastics are acommon constituent. Their incinerationproduces chlorine gas, which causesproblems such as air pollution andcorrosion of the inside of incinerators. Also,chlorine is implicated in the production ofdioxins. Toshiba has developed energy-recyclingtechnology that dechlorinates wasteplastics separated from other garbage andrecycles them as a non-toxic solid fuel. Thesolid fuel can be used in cement kilns orblast furnaces instead of coal. Thehydrochloric acid recovered as a by-productof this process has a very high purity, andso it can also be reused.
Detoxification, reconstitution and reduction ofwaste materials to create a zero-emission society
Thermal decomposition gas conversion system
Stricter regulations and standardsgoverning the discharge of dioxins, theillegal dumping of waste and the shortageof waste disposal sites are among thefactors contributing to the general public'sincreasing preoccupation with environmentalissues. There is an urgent need to developbetter waste-treatment methods. Unlike waste incineration methods, thissystem does not involve the burning ofwaste. Instead, waste is heated indirectly inthe absence of oxygen, thereby producing amixture of gases and a residual char. Bymeans of a high-temperature gas converter,the system processes the gas produced,which contains a lot of tar and oils and hasa large molecular structure, into a mixtureof carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methaneand other common combustible gases andalmost completely eliminates toxicsubstances such as dioxins. This system hasthe following excellent characteristics:1 It can handle all kinds of common
wastes, including urban garbage,shredder dust and waste plastics.
2No toxic substances such as dioxins, NOX or SOX are produced.
3 Metals can be recovered in their elemental form.
4The gases produced can be recycled to heat the system's furnace or channeledto other uses, such as electric powergeneration or the heating of watersupplies.
5The char produced can be safely reduced further in a melting furnace.
This next-generation system is acomprehensive environmentally-friendlysolution geared to the needs of a zero-emission society.
On-site reduction of food waste by a factor of ten, plus recycling
Commercial-use food waste processor
In Japan, food waste accounts for just overa fifth of all commercial garbage, morethan any other item except paper. Foodwaste, 80% of which is water, putrefieseasily, and thus it is difficult to handle andtransport. Food waste also lowers theefficiency of thermal recycling andcontributes to the production of dioxinsduring incineration.The basic concept of Toshiba's food wasteprocessor is to reduce the volume of foodwaste and achieve on-site recycling. Thefood waste processor executes bio-processing using medium-temperaturebacteria whose fermentation temperature is35-55˚C. This method has the followingcharacteristics:1 It achieves double the volume reduction
compared with methods that utilizehigh-temperature bacteria or drying.
2 It uses less than half the energy required for high-temperature bacterial bio-processing and less than a third of thatrequired for drying.
3 A high degree of degradation of any organic matter is assured, and thuscomposting of residues is completedquickly.
4 It is labor-saving, because there is no need for frequent extraction and storageof residues. Extraction of residues isrequired only once every four months.
5The safety of the biochemicals and the bacteria in the processing tank and inthe exhaust has been independentlyconfirmed by a third-party institution.
The TGR-B50K, the most popular model inthe range, can process 50kg of waste aday. Models with processing capacities of25kg a day and 80kg a day are alsoavailable.
Biotechnology realizes highly-efficient waste water treatment
Treatment system for heavilycontaminated waste water
Toshiba has developed a methanefermentation bioreactor for treatment ofheavily contaminated waste watercontaining high concentrations of organiceffluent. This system is already in operationat several food-processing plants. Pelletized methane bacteria are placed inthe waste water and proceed to efficientlydecompose any organic contaminants intomethane and carbon dioxide. 90% of theorganic material in waste water can beremoved in this way. Because this systemuses anaerobic bacteria (which do not needoxygen to survive), it is not necessary topump air into the bioreactor to feed thebacteria, as it is with the conventionalsystem using aerobic bacteria, andconsequently energy is saved. Indeed,energy is recovered from the process in theform of methane gas. Toshiba's new method has excellentenvironmental credentials: the volume ofsludge is approximately one tenth thatgenerated by methods which use aerobicbacteria.
Reusing resources by treating waste water sludge
Sludge treatment system
With waste water treatment plantsproliferating in Japan, in cities and in thecountryside alike, increasing amounts ofsludge are being generated. Sludgetreatment has become a pressing issue. Toshiba has developed a revolutionarysludge treatment system that concentratesand dries sludge containing bacteria andorganic matter by using a thin-membranecentrifugal drying process. Little odorousgas is produced and the water content ofsludge is reduced to around 50%. This system recycles resources. For example,it can be used in the countryside to treatwaste water and return the treated sludgeto the soil after natural fermentation.Waste water from marine food processingplants, which is rich in protein, can beprocessed to form a livestock feed. Urbanwaste water sludge can be processed andused as a raw material by the constructionindustry. This system is unitized and highlycompact. In one version, it is mounted on atruck, for use wherever it is needed.
Detoxifying the harmfulconstituents of exhaust gases
Corona discharge processing equipment for exhaust gases
Exhaust gases from incinerators and otherindustrial processes contain NOX and SOX,together with dioxins and a variety ofvolatile organic constituents. Toshiba isdeveloping equipment that uses electricaldischarges to eliminate these toxicsubstances. The equipment can be installed as an add-on to both new and existing industrial plantthat generates exhaust gas. Control ofinput power allows quick and flexibleresponse to changes in the composition ofexhaust gases. Direct decomposition oftoxic substances eliminates the need forsecondary processing and makesmaintenance easy. The equipment can flexibly respond tovariations in the circuit load or powerdiscontinuities. Because the equipment useselectrical processing, maintenance issimple.The equipment is able to reduce dioxinlevels to below the regulated level of0.1ng-TEQ/Nm3 set by the new guidelines. It is ideal for a society that prizes low levelsof pollution.
Sludge treatment system
United States Generally, U.S. industry has been somewhat slower than itsEuropean and Japanese counterparts tointroduce environmental management systems.Two of Toshiba's nine manufacturingoperations in the U.S. gained ISO-14001certification during fiscal 1997 and anotherfour sites are aiming to acquire certification bythe end of March 1999.In Sunnyvale, California, theMicroelectronics Center (TAIMEC) ofToshiba America Electronic ComponentsInc., was honored for its outstandingachievements in reducing waste and inpromoting recycling by the City ofSunnyvale in April 1998.Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc.(TAIS) has implemented a copier tonercartridge recycling system, in accordancewith state laws and regulations mandatingthe use of recyclable plastics.
Asia Toshiba's factories in Asia varygreatly in terms of their experience--somehave been operating for decades, othersare brand new. New factories areemphasizing establishment of systems andrules, and employee education. Factorieswith great experience have secured or arein the process of securing ISO-14001certif ication of their environmentalmanagement systems.Operations in Asia have made greatprogress in reducing the environmentalimpact of their manufacturing processesand associated facilities. For example,Toshiba Consumer Products (Thailand) Co.,Ltd. (TPT) operates a highly effective waste-collection system; waste is separated bytype and stored in a building to protect itfrom the elements, and thus prevent anyrisk of soil contamination. Also, inaccordance with the Montreal Accord onprotection of the ozone layer, TPTimplemented controls on CFC use which areas stringent as those endorsed by thedeveloped countries that are signatories tothe Accord, and abolished the use of CFCs.Toshiba Display Devices (Thailand) Co., Ltd.(TDDT), a manufacturer of picture tubes,has been honored by the Thai Ministry ofIndustry for three years running, for theexcellence of its environmental protectionactivities.
China and Brazil Since Toshibaestablished manufacturing operations inChina only relatively recently, the currentconcern is to establish systems anddocumentation. In parallel with theseactivit ies, personnel from Toshiba'sbusiness groups and corporate divisionsvisit factories to carry out environmentalinspections and to advise on environmentalfacilities and environmental protectionactivities in the workplace. This helps localpersonnel in charge of environmentalprotection to execute effective control oftheir workplaces.Although operations in China have beenslower than those in other regions tointroduce environmental managementsystems, the certification system is beingimproved and, in accordance with ToshibaGroup's policy, they are striving to secureISO-14001 certification.Toshiba's two factories in Brazil arepreparing to secure ISO-14001 certification.Toshiba is providing support; for example,local factory managers are invited to Japanto study environmental management at theparent factory.
Toshiba's Commitment Overseas
Toshiba Group's Basic Policy for EnvironmentalProtection requires the management ofoverseas subsidiaries to embrace environmentalprotection as a primary responsibility.Overseas subsidiaries are establishing theirown environmental rules and systems,reflecting the shared goals and convictions oftheir management teams.Each business group, supported bycorporate staff, is responsible forsupervising, guiding and supporting thebusiness activit ies of its overseassubsidiaries. The principles governing theprovision of guidance and support onenvironmental protection activities tofactories overseas are as follows:1Respect the autonomy of subsidiaries2Encourage local employees to take the
initiative3 Respect regional characteristicsFrom among overseas subsidiaries, basedon a consideration of its equity stake andthe nature of the business, Toshiba hasselected 32 manufacturing operations forintensive guidance and support in order toachieve a far-reaching impact.
Toshiba divides its overseas operations into four regional groupings: the Americas,Europe, Asia and China. RegionalEnvironmental Protection Council meetingsin each region facil itate informationexchanges and wide adoption of bestpractices. In Japan, the CorporateEnvironmental Protection Deputy Leader,who is the general manager of a corporatestaff division, and the EnvironmentalProtection Activity Leaders of businessgroups hold follow-up meetings periodicallyto grasp the situation of overseasoperations. Personnel from businessgroups, together with local employees,carry out environmental inspections atfactories overseas. Local employees incharge of environmental protection come toJapan for practical training and guidancedesigned to assist them in their efforts toimprove the environmental performance oftheir workplaces.
Europe In line with Toshiba Group'spolicy, all operations have either securedcertif ication of their environmentalmanagement systems, or are working toobtain certification. In accordance with theEco-Management and Audit Scheme(EMAS), an EU regulation which came intoeffect in April 1995, Toshiba focused on theintroduction of environmental managementsystems. Since the situation differs fromcountry to country within the EU, eachmanufacturing operation has obtained thecertification for environmental managementsystems most appropriate for the country inwhich it is located.As Toshiba factories in Europe havecompleted introduction of environmentalmanagement systems, Toshiba isemphasizing improvement in theperformance of workplaces at thesefactories by promoting application ofToshiba's unique internal audit system.To reduce the environmental impact ofmanufacturing, Toshiba (UK) Ltd. (TUK) in1996 eliminated the use oftrichloroethylene for cleaning heatexchangers at its air-conditioner factory, byadopting a new process.
Cardboard carton manufactureCardboard sheet
manufacturer
Cardboard recycling company
Polyethylene recycling company
Polyethylene manufacturer
Polyethylene resin manufacturer
Bottle manufacturer
cartridges molding manufacturer
A.M.J. Manufacturing
Separation of materials and grinding and molding of cartridges and bottles
TAIS/TPD(Toner Products Division)
TAIS/EID (Electronic Imaging Division)
DealerUser
Returns used cartridges and bottles in a box
UPS collection center
Plastic toner cartridge
recycle system
Providing guidance at a workplace Recognition by the City of Sunnyvale
Toner cartridge recycle system
TDDT's activities
30
As mandated by its Basic Policy for Environmental Protection, Toshiba Group is executing environmental protection activitieswith the utmost vigor. Moreover, by addressing the items critical to development of business overseas--as identified in theEarth Environment Charter of the Japan Federation of Economic Organizations--each business operation strives to beenvironmentally conscious, and to act effectively in the light of the actual situation in the country in which it operates.
The environmental bulletin board communicatesthe achievements of TDDT's environmentalprotection activities to visitors and employees.Awards received by TDDT are displayed.
Environmental protection activities of overseas subsidiaries
31
32
Contributing to the Community
Working with the community for a better environmentIn education, in the cultural sphere, within local communities and through international exchanges of people and ideas,Toshiba is energetically and creatively contributing to society. And while the company works for the common good, ouremployees are devoting their individual skills and enthusiasm to a host of worthwhile causes on their own initiative.Here are some examples of how Toshiba is working hand-in-hand with communities on environmental protection andnature conservancy.
Toshiba provides information onvoluntary activities to employees via thein-house personal computer network.
Local people tour Toshiba's environmental protection facilities
Environmental facilities open to the publicToshiba's manufacturing operations invitelocal people to tour their environmentalprotection facilities. These visits allowpeople to find out for themselves whatToshiba is doing to protect theirenvironment. The tours have provedpopular with local communities.
Tree planting gives nature a new lease of life
Tree planting brings back the forestTo restore forests after landslides or toconserve nature, volunteers from Toshibatake part in sapling planting campaigns.
Come back salmon! Releasing fry into the River Tama
Releasing salmon fryEvery year employees join local people inreleasing salmon fry into the River Tama,which flows through built-up areas whereToshiba has several factories.
Raising public awareness of the importance ofenvironmental protection
Holding Environment ExhibitionsTo deepen public awareness of theimportance of environmental protection,Toshiba holds Environment Exhibitions andtakes part in local events withenvironmental themes.
A clean-up refreshes the town
Cleaning up the local communityEmployees periodically clean up the areasadjacent to Toshiba facilities, as well asparks, stations, bus stops and other publicamenities, to keep the locality clean andattractive. Toshiba employees have receivedpublic recognition for these voluntaryactivities.
Collecting recyclable items at the entrance to aToshiba factory
Volunteer recycling programsNewspapers, aluminum cans, milk cartonsand other items brought from home arecollected. The proceeds from the recyclingof these items are used to buy wheelchairsfor donation to welfare organizations.
From sludge to a brick footpath
Use of products made of recycledmaterialsBricks made by processing the sludge fromsewage works are used at many of thecompany's facilities.
Working alongside volunteers from all over Japan
Helping to clean up after an oil spillFollowing an oil spill off the Japan Seacoast, Toshiba donated equipment for usein the recovery effort. Many employeesvolunteered to help with the clean-up.
Please address any comments or inquiries you may have on Toshiba Environmental Report 1998 to the following organization:
Environmental Protection Center Productivity Division Toshiba Corporation1-1-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8001, JapanTel : 03-3457-2403Fax: 03-5444-9206e-mail: [email protected]
Environmental Protection Center Productivity Division1-1-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8001, Japan Tel (03)3457-2403
Toshiba Environmental Report 1998 is available on the Internet.URL http://www.toshiba.co.jp/env/
Printed on recycled paper Created in December 1998
TOSHIBA CORPORATION
