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Towards the Cooperation in Central Asia via Energy Saving and Renewable Energy
Integrating Central Asia into the World Economy: The Role of
Energy and Transport InfrastructureWashington, 21-22 October, 2007
Kanat Baigarin, Dr.Climate Change Co-ordination Centre
General Information: Some regional organizations and Program in Central Asia
• OCAC (CA Cooperation): KZ,KR,RU,TJ, UZ
• OCAREC (CA Regional Economical Cooperation): AZ,CHI,KZ,KR,MO,TJ,UZ
• CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States)
• OEC (Economical Cooperation): AF,AZ,IR,KZ,KR,PA,TJ,TU,TRK,UZ
• EEC (Euro-asian economical community): BE,KZ,RK,RU,TJ,+UZ
• ShOC (Shanghai organization for Cooperation): CH,KZ,RK,RU,TJ,UZ
• UEA (Unified Economical Area): BE,KZ,RU,UK
• SPECA (Special UN Program for CA Economy): AF,AZ,KZ,RK,TJ,TRK,UZ
General Information: Review of CA States participation in Regional
cooperationStates OCAC CAREC CIS OEC EEC ShOC UEA SPECA
Kazakhstan X X X X X X X XKyrgyzstan X X X X X X X
Tajikistan X X X X X X X
Turkmenistan X X X X
Uzbekistan X X X X X X
General Information: Map of Central Asia
Kazakhstan: Export-Import Priorities
• Exports:$35.55 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) • Exports - commodities:
oil and oil products 58%, ferrous metals 24%, chemicals 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal (2001)
• Exports - partners: Germany 12.4%, Russia 11.6%, China 10.9%, Italy 10.5%, France 7.4%, Romania 4.9% (2006) Imports: $22 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
• Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment 41%, metal products 28%, foodstuffs 8% (2001)
• Imports - partners: Russia 36.7%, China 19.5%, Germany 7.4% (2006)
Uzbekistan: Export-Import Priorities
• Exports: $5.51 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) • Exports - commodities: cotton, gold, energy products, mineral
fertilizers, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, textiles, food products, machinery, automobiles
• Exports - partners: Russia 23.9%, Poland 11.8%, China 10.5%, Turkey 7.5%, Kazakhstan 6%, Ukraine 4.7%, Bangladesh 4.4% (2006)
• Imports: $3.99 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) • Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, foodstuffs,
chemicals, ferrous and non-ferrous metals • Imports - partners: Russia 27.8%, South Korea 15.6%, China
10.4%, Kazakhstan 7.3%, Germany 7.1%, Ukraine 4.8%, Turkey 4.5% (2006)
Turkmenistan: Export-Import Priorities
• Exports: $5.421 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) • Exports - commodities: gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, cotton
fiber, textiles • Exports - partners: Ukraine 47.2%, Iran 16.3%, Azerbaijan
4.3% (2006) • Imports: $3.936 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) • Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals,
foodstuffs • Imports - partners: UAE 13.7%, Azerbaijan 11.8%, Turkey
9.9%, Ukraine 8.1%, Russia 8%, Germany 6.9%, Iran 6.7%, China 5.7% (2006)
Kyrgyzstan: Export-Import Priorities
• Exports: $701.8 million f.o.b. (2006 est.) • Exports - commodities: cotton, wool, meat, tobacco;
gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, hydropower; machinery; shoes Exports - partners: UAE 35.7%, Russia 20.2%, Kazakhstan 13%, China 11.7% (2006)
• Imports: $1.177 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) • Imports - commodities: oil and gas, machinery and
equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs Imports - partners:China 56.8%, Russia 15.1%, Kazakhstan 8.1% (2006)
Tajikistan: Export-Import Priorities
• Exports: $1.16 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) • Exports - commodities: aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits,
vegetable oil, textiles • Exports - partners: Norway 13.9%, Russia 13%, Turkey
12.2%, Uzbekistan 9.4%, US 6.4%, Italy 5.3%, Iran 5.2%, Greece 4.2% (2006)
• Imports: $1.513 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) • Imports - commodities: electricity, petroleum products,
aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs • Imports - partners: Russia 21.2%, China 17.2%, Kazakhstan
10.6%, Uzbekistan 9.6%, Azerbaijan 7.3%, Ukraine 5.2%, Turkey 4% (2006)
General Information:States Populati
onRural GDP(PPP)/
GDP(ExR)
GDP/capita(PPP)
PowerProduction/Consumption
IntensityCO2
GDPRate
Population bellow poverty
Million Million Bln.$ $ Bln.kWh Kg/$1000
% %
Kazakhstan 15.3 6,9 143.4/54 9400 66.5/56 6 10,6 19
Kyrgyzstan 5,3 3,37 10.7/2.3 2100 14/6.8 3,2 2,7 40
Tajikistan 7,07 4,8 9.5/2.1 1300 16.5/15.7
4,0 7 64
Turkmenistan 5,1 2,6 42.8/15.2 8500 11/9 6 6 58
Uzbekistan 27,8 16,3 55.7/10.83
2000 49/47 8 7.3 33
Total 60.6 4o 250/85 160 21-22 mln
General capacity – 18,190 МW; The Northern zone -13,130 MWThe Western energy zone - 2,070 MWThe Southern Energy Zone-2,990 MW Thermal gas-turbine and steam-to-gas stations – 395 MW (2%); Hydraulic power stations 2230 MВт (12%) Thermal steam-power plants that use organic fuel – 15,565 MW (86%);
Kazakhstan
The structure of power plants installed capacity in Kazakhstan:
Kazakhstan has a high potential Kazakhstan has a high potential for energy saving:for energy saving:
A weighted energy consumption for production of some energy intensive products:
Kazakhstan the United States
copper 1,442 kWh/tons 300 kWh/tons
rolled iron 190 kWh/tons 23 kWh/tons
steel 650 kWh/tons 152 kWh/tons
aluminum 670 kWh/tons 240 kWh/tons
Wind power potential estimates -a total capacity of 2,000 Wind power potential estimates -a total capacity of 2,000 ММW(500MW up to 2030)W(500MW up to 2030)
Attractiveness of these projects:
• immediate proximity to the existing power lines;
• high level of demand for energy;
• especially good conditions in the area of the Djungar Gates and the Shelek Corridor in the Almaty Oblast
Wind potential in North KazakhstanWind potential in North KazakhstanIsovents of annual average wind speed for North Kazakhstan based on the period 1951-11977(Wind Energy in Kazakhstan, part1:Market Development Study,1998)
Example- Pilot Wind PS-5MW in Djungar Gates
•The Kazakhstan / UNDP/GEF Project «On Overcoming Barriers to Development of Wind Power Engineering in Kazakhstan» (1997-1999), GEF possible grant for construction of a WPS-5 MW $ US 1,000,000
•Pre-feasibility completed. Almatyautomatica JSC completed work on installation of a 500 kW wind power station in the Druzhba Railway Station area.
• Supported from the Government of Kazakhstan. Need to develop legislative documents ( privileges and taxes) to implement the Project and to promote RE
•Proposed as JI/CDM project: total project cost : US $ 5.2 million
Annual Emission Reductions- 21,211t CO2
ERs Eligible for CDM (2004 –2012) 190,899 t CO2
ERs Eligible for JI( 2008-2012) 106,055 t CO2
Instalation of DjungarWPS-500kW byJSC AlmatyAvtomatika
Hydro power potential estimates at 170TWh/yr Construction of 450 small hydropower plants of a total capacity of 2,500 МW
with production of 11 TWh/year •At present the country use about 8 TWh/year.
•The preference - construction of new ( Mainak HPP-300MW and Kerbulak HPP-500MW); construction and also rehabilitation of small and middle-size HPPs which are economically wise.
•The Almaty Oblast – the best perspective for development of small HPPs ( but dependent on large energy imports from other regions )
•Current delivery system for baseline estimation (displacement of fossil fuel fired plants)
Coal Mining
Gas Production
Condensing Power Plants APC, HPP3
Coal/Lignite
Natural Gas
Transport
Electricity to the grid End User
Cogeneration Plants
APC; HPP1; HPP2
Heat Output End User
Production of oil Fuel Oil Transport
Transport
The Bartogay hydropower site