THERMAL POWER PLANT WORKING &
EQUIPMENTS
By
M.V.PandeDy. Director
N.P.T.I., Nagpur
Inputs & Outputs for 1000 MW Power Station
Costing of Thermal Power Generation
66%
28%
6%
Fuel Cost
Capital Cost
Operating Cost
Energy Conversion Process in TPS
Energy Conversion Efficiency
Heat Input
100% 39% 61%
Heat Rejected
Electrical Energy
Modified Rankine Cycle
Energy Balance
Coal to Electricity Process
Feed Water & Steam Flow Diagram
Tangential Corner Coal Firing Arrangement
Coal Burner
Flame
Plasma Igniter
Pulverised Coal & Air Mixture
Muffle
Gas + Steam: Combined Cycle
Main Areas in Power Station
Boiler Plant HouseTurbine Generator HouseSwitch YardCoal Handling PlantOil Handling PlantWater Treatment PlantCooling Towers & Cooling Water
Pump HouseAsh Handling Plant
Thermal Power Station Layout
Boiler & Turbine House
Power Plant Structure
Boiler & Auxiliaries
Boiler – Furnace & Pressure Parts Rotary Air Preheaters: 2 nos. Forced Draft Fans: 2 nos. Induced Draft Fans: 2 nos. Primary Air Fans: 6 nos. Seal Air (3 nos.) & Scanner Air Fans (3
nos.) Coal Mills (Pulverisers): 6 nos. Electrstatic Precipitators
PF Boiler
Pulverised Fuel Boiler
500 MW Coal Fired Boiler
Oil & Gas Fired Boiler
Coal Pulverisers
Drum Type Coal Mill
Steam TurbinesSingle Cylinder Turbines are
employed for Industrial purpose & Multi-cylinder Turbines for utility power generation
Power generation turbines are designed for constant speed operation
Turbine efficiency varies from 85-90%
Tandem compounded arrangement is generally adopted for utility turbines
Steam Turbine Working
Single Cylinder Modular Turbine
Single Cylinder Steam Turbine
210 MW Utility Steam Turbine
HP Turbine
IP Turbine
LP Turbine
Foundation
Gen. End
Bearing
Condenser
Steam Turbine Fixed & Moving Blades
Barrel Type HP Turbine
Balance
Piston
Moving Blades
Barrel Casing
Inner Casing
Gland
Steam Inlet
Steam Exhaust
Double Flow IP Turbine
Outer Casing
Inner Casing
Rotor
Inlet
Inlet
Exhaust
Double Flow LP Turbine
Outer Casing
Inner Casing
Last Stage Rotor Blades
Steam Inlet
Atmospheric Relief
Diaphragms
Reaction Type KWU HP Turbine Rotor
Impulse-Reaction Type HPT Rotor KWU LP Turbine Rotor
KWU IP Turbine Rotor Placed in Casing
Turbine Auxiliaries
CondenserSteam Ejectors: 2+1Condensate Extraction Pumps: 1+1L.P.Heaters: 3Deaerator: 1Boiler Feed Pumps: 2+1H.P.Heaters: 2Turbine Oil Pumps: M.O.P.+2A.O.P.
+E.O.P.+2J.O.P
3.5 MW Boiler Feed Pump
3.5 MW Boiler Feed Pump Installation
Condenser
Cooling Towers
Main Oil Tank & Pumps
500 MW Turbine Generator Unit
Steam Turbine Governing System
Plant Control Room in 1990s
Modern Control
Room with DCS