Training for Commercial Training for Commercial SpaceflightSpaceflight
OCP
• Building training center– Classroom– Simulation– Actual flight time
Training Problems• Ill defined• No standards• Does not fit other
models• Wrong group tasked
Why Worry?• Safety
– Crew is part of safety system– Obvious is not always obvious
• Cost– Accidents– Insurance– Reputation/Lost bookings
TITLE 49, SUBTITLE IX, CHAPTER 701, § 70102 • (2) “crew” means any employee of a licensee or
transferee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee or transferee, who performs activities in the course of that employment directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings.
• (17) “space flight participant” means an individual, who is not crew, carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.
Human Space Flight Requirements for Crew and Space Flight Participants
• d. Payment for Pilot or Remote– “Under this final rule, the FAA will not allow a space flight
participant to act as a pilot or remote operator of a launch or reentry vehicle.”
– “The FAA notes that someone paying to fly, whether as a passenger or at the controls, is a space flight participant rather than an employee.”
What does this mean?• Operator must bear all costs of training• Must hire individual before training• Non-employees can not be adequately
trained• Full training can only happen after
operator is licensed or permitted
Human Space Flight Requirements for Crew and Space Flight Participants (b)
• § 460.7 Operator training of crew.– (a) Implementation of training. An operator must train
each member of its crew and define standards for successful completion in accordance with § 460.5.
– (b) Training device fidelity. An operator must• (1) Ensure that any crew-training device used to meet the
training requirements realistically represents the vehicle’s configuration and mission, or
• (2) Inform the crew member being trained of the differences between the two.
What does this Mean? (b)• Operator is responsible for:
– Simulators– Training facility– Curriculum– all liability– Cost
• Operator may not be the manufacture of the vehicle and be in need of training
• The operator may not be the best choice to make standards
Guidelines?• Regulations on training are
very broad • How much is enough? • What is best practices?• What works / doesn’t work?• How do we know we are
safe?• NASA or Aviation Industry?
Standards• CYA
– Helps defend against lawsuits– Increases safety– Able to pinpoint problems sooner– Easier to interface with the FAA
How?• Industry group
– Members include those building/flying/training for spaceflight
– Set guidelines and suggest standards– Non-profit / independent– Interface with FAA