Training for Commercial Training for Commercial SpaceflightSpaceflight

OCP

• Building training center– Classroom– Simulation– Actual flight time

Training Problems• Ill defined• No standards• Does not fit other

models• Wrong group tasked

Why Worry?• Safety

– Crew is part of safety system– Obvious is not always obvious

• Cost– Accidents– Insurance– Reputation/Lost bookings

TITLE 49, SUBTITLE IX, CHAPTER 701, § 70102 • (2) “crew” means any employee of a licensee or

transferee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee or transferee, who performs activities in the course of that employment directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings.

• (17) “space flight participant” means an individual, who is not crew, carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.

Human Space Flight Requirements for Crew and Space Flight Participants

• d. Payment for Pilot or Remote– “Under this final rule, the FAA will not allow a space flight

participant to act as a pilot or remote operator of a launch or reentry vehicle.”

– “The FAA notes that someone paying to fly, whether as a passenger or at the controls, is a space flight participant rather than an employee.”

What does this mean?• Operator must bear all costs of training• Must hire individual before training• Non-employees can not be adequately

trained• Full training can only happen after

operator is licensed or permitted

Human Space Flight Requirements for Crew and Space Flight Participants (b)

• § 460.7 Operator training of crew.– (a) Implementation of training. An operator must train

each member of its crew and define standards for successful completion in accordance with § 460.5.

– (b) Training device fidelity. An operator must• (1) Ensure that any crew-training device used to meet the

training requirements realistically represents the vehicle’s configuration and mission, or

• (2) Inform the crew member being trained of the differences between the two.

What does this Mean? (b)• Operator is responsible for:

– Simulators– Training facility– Curriculum– all liability– Cost

• Operator may not be the manufacture of the vehicle and be in need of training

• The operator may not be the best choice to make standards

Guidelines?• Regulations on training are

very broad • How much is enough? • What is best practices?• What works / doesn’t work?• How do we know we are

safe?• NASA or Aviation Industry?

Standards• CYA

– Helps defend against lawsuits– Increases safety– Able to pinpoint problems sooner– Easier to interface with the FAA

How?• Industry group

– Members include those building/flying/training for spaceflight

– Set guidelines and suggest standards– Non-profit / independent– Interface with FAA