Transformation to Pumped Hydro

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Pumped-hydro energy storage: potentialfor transformation from single dams

Analysis of the potential for transformation of non-hydropower dams and reservoir hydropowerschemes into pumping hydropower schemes in Europe

Roberto Lacal Arntegui, Institute for Energy and Transport, Joint ResearchCentre of the European Commission, Petten, the Netherlands.

Niall Fitzgerald and Paul Leahy, Sustainable Energy Research Group,University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

EUR 25239 EN - 2012


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JRC 68678

EUR 25239 ENISBN 978-92-79-23182-7ISSN 1831-9424doi:10.2790/44844

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union

European Union, 2011

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged

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2


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3600

=

VhgE


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6 We estimated at 30 40 sites being geo-referenced per day for one person not knowing the native language.


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7 See Wikipedia and ESRI (www.esri.com) for further definitions

Figure 4: SRTM elevation data download map


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SRTM1 SRTM2 SRTM3 SRTM X

Mosaic SRTM files

Extract by country

Final SRTM Raster

Convert to projected

coordinate systemArcGIS

Arcma


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Locate remaining dams

using Google Earth

Convert KML to SHP

Add XY coordinates

Add dam elevations

Final dam shape file

Add reservoircapacity

Add the geo-referenced

dams from GRanD

Convert to projected

coordinate system

Figure 6: geo-referencing dam

locations


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Calculate slope of areas inside buffer zones

Select areas with slope between 0 and 5 degree

Select areas with average elevation 150 metres

above the dam under test

Buffer placed around dams under test

Calculate average elevation in the area with

slope between 0 and 5 degree with slope

Each dam has a number of potential reservoir

sites. Filter sites with largest energy storage inGWh

Figure 7: TA algorithm flow diagram


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Figure 9: determine the

horizontal and vertical

deltas


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VE hg=

Figure 10: ArcGIS areas with slope between 0 and 5 degrees (in green)

Figure 11: Head calculation

Potential dam site

Existing dam/ Dam ID

Head (min. 150 m)


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Existing reservoir

0.5km-

>2.5km

Existing reservoir

0.5km->2.5km

Figure 12: Buffer distance from existing dam to potential dam site or existing

second dam


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Figure 15: elevation histogram of the dams in Croatia, above 1 000 000 m that are analysed in GIS

Figure 14: ArcGIS Croatian map and layers used.


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Figure 16: Croatian sample transformation site analysis - Razovac dam


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Figure 18: Croatia TA physical realisable potential after applying three filters


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Figure 20: map of Turkey with the layers included in the analysis

Figure 21: elevation histogram of the dams in Turkey, with a reservoir capacity of 1 000 000 m or above


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Figure 27: Split of cost for a specific PHS project


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10

As [60] suggested what is important is the difference between off-peak and peak electricity prices,

multiplied by efficiency


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European Commission

EUR 25239 EN Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy and TransportTitle: Pumped-hydro energy storage: potential for transformation from single damsAuthor(s): Roberto Lacal Arntegui, Institute for Energy and Transport, Joint Research Centre of

the European Commission, Petten, the Netherlands.

Niall Fitzgerald and Paul Leahy, Sustainable Energy Research Group, UniversityCollege Cork, Cork, IrelandLuxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union2012 55 pp. 21 x 29.7 cmEUR Scientific and Technical Research series ISSN 1831-9424ISBN 978-92-79-23182-7doi:10.2790/44844

Cover picture: Dam of Cortes II, part of the pumped-hydropower scheme Cortes La Muela, inSpain. Courtesy of Iberdrola

AbstractElectricity storage is one of the main ways to enable a higher share of variable renewable electricitysuch as wind and solar, the other being improved interconnections, flexible conventional generationplant, and demand-side management.

Pumped hydropower storage (PHS) is currently the only electricity storage technology able to offerlarge-scale storage as that needed for accommodating renewable electricity under the 2020 EUenergy targets.

Compared with the high environmental and social impact of most new hydropower plant in Europe,

the transformation of an existing reservoir into a PHS system offers the prospects of a much smallerenvironmental and social impact.

The authors developed a geographical information systems (GIS) -based methodology and model toidentify the potential for transforming single reservoirs into PHS systems, and to assess theadditional energy storage which these new PHS could contribute to the electricity systems. Themethodology was applied as case studies to Croatia and Turkey.

GIS-based tools have the potential for effective and efficient identification of both national/EUpotentials (of policy and scientific-interest) and individual site candidates for transformation (pre-feasibility, project-level). Once the model is set up, improvements to such tools, e.g. allowing bettersensitivity analysis, can be effectively applied to the whole of the EU with minimum effort.

This paper first summarises the methodology and tool used and then exposes the results of its

application to two countries as case studies. These results limit the assessment to potential siteswithin 5 km of one existing reservoir (TA) or of one another (TB), and a minimum 150 m of head. Inthe case of Croatia, it was found that at least a potential of 60 GWh is possible for which can becompared with the existing 20 GWh of storage capacity at its PHS plants. In the case of Turkey apotential of 3 800 GWh was assessed mostly under TA, with 2 potential TB sites providing threeadditional GWh of storage potential.


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Transformation to Pumped Hydro

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