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TRANSFORMATIONS 2
MARIJA KRZNARIĆ
22
COMPLETE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT IT HAS A SIMILAR MEANING TO THE FIRST SENTENCE, USING THE WORD GIVEN. DO NOT CHANGE THE WORD GIVEN. YOU MUST USE MORE THAN TWO WORDS, INCLUDING THE WORD GIVEN. 1. I forgot her number so I couldn’t ring her. remember
If
2. By pressing the button you lock all the doors. pressAll the doors
3. I didn’t wake up on time because I didn’t hear the alarm clock. wokenIf
4. The reason the dog bit him was that he was in our garden. bittenThe dog
5. She wrote very fast and as a result made a lot of mistakes. slowlyIf she
6. Owing to technical difficulties the plane was not able to take off. ableIf there
HAD REMEMBERED HER NUMBER, I COULD HAVE RUNG HER UP.
WILL LOCK IF YOU PRESS THIS BUTTON.
I’D HEARD THE ALARM CLOCK, I WOULD HAVE WOKEN UP ON TIME.
WOULDN’T HAVE BITTEN HIM IF HE HADN’T BEEN IN OUR GARDEN.
HAD WRITTEN MORE SLOWLY, SHE WOULDN’T HAVE MADE SO MANY MISTAKES.
HADN’T BEEN TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES, THE PLANE WOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO TAKE OFF.
33
7. He hasn’t got enough money now because he didn’t save when he was working. wouldIf now.
8. It’s just as well you told me or I might have married him. youIf
9. We couldn’t play tennis yesterday because of the rain. rainIf
10. You can eat sweets but you must always brush your teeth afterwards. providedYou can eat sweets
11. If you don’t get dressed right away we’ll go without you. putUnless
12. We only eat there because the prices are so low. chargeIf they
13. I won’t eat any more cake because I’m full. fullIf I
14. If that noise doesn’t stop soon I won’t feel like eating. put offThat noise will unless
HE HAD SAVED WHEN HE WAS WORKING, HE WOULD HAVE MONEY
YOU HADN’T TOLD ME I MIGHT HAVE MARRIED HIM.
IT HADN’T RAINED WE WOULD’VE BEEN ABLE TO PLAY TENNIS YESTERDAY.
PROVIDED YOU BRUSH YOUR TEETH AFTERWARDS.
YOU PUT ON YOUR CLOTHES, WE’LL GO WITHOUT YOU.
DIDN’T CHARGE (US) SUCH LOW PRICES WE WOULDN’T EAT THERE.
WEREN’T FULL, I WOULD EAT SOME MORE CAKE.
PUT ME OFF EATING IT STOPS SOON.
44
15. I’ll only leave the waiter some money if he’s quick. tipI won’t he’s quick.
16. Take my advice and don’t drink so much whisky! ifI’d drink you.
17. Is that the place where you lived before? useDid you place?
18. Before I moved in I had no one to talk to. thereBefore I moved in anyone to talk to.
19. She doesn’t live there any more, I believe. usedShe , I believe.
20. Whenever I told her that story she always laughed a lot. wouldI used to tell her that story and a lot.
21. I couldn’t warn you because I didn’t know about it myself. warned if
22. The reason she found out about it was that he told his sister. ifShe if he his sister.
TIP THE WAITER UNLESS
LESS IF I WERE
USE TO LIVE IN THAT
THERE WASN’T
USED TO LIVE THERE
SHE WOULD ALWAYS LAUGH
I COULD HAVE WARNED YOU I HAD KNOWN ABOUT IT MYSELF.
WOULDN’T HAVE FOUND OUT ABOUT IT HADN’T TOLD
55
23. Not realizing how unhappy she was, he spent very little time with her. wouldHe with her if he how unhappy she was.
24. I lost her phone number so I never saw her again. haveI would I hadn’t lost her phone number.
25. We’re not living together any more because she went away to university. stillWe if she to university.
26. She didn’t take the trouble to find out why so she doesn’t understand. hadShe taken the trouble to find out why.
27. Without the provision of spare parts for the machine, the project would have failed. if the project would
have failed.
28. A more gradual introduction of technology would eliminate many problems. introduce many problems
29. Mary rarely watches TV. However, sometimes she watches a documentary or the news.If ever a documentary or the news. if ever
WOULD HAVE SPENT MORE TIME HAD KNOWN
HAVE SEEN HER AGAIN IF
WOULD STILL BE LIVING TOGETHER HADN’T GONE AWAY
WOULD UNDERSTAND IF SHE HAD
IF THE SPARE PARTS FOR THE MACHINE HAD NOT BEEN PROVIDED,
IF TECHNOLOGY WERE INTRODUCED MORE GRADUALLY, WOULD BE ELIMINATED.
SHE WATCHES TV, IT’S
66
Transform the sentences but keep the same meaning:
1) The last time I saw him was three years ago.I for three years.
2) They have been married for 25 years.They 25 years ago.
3) Mary did the shopping despite the heavy rain.Mary did the shopping even heavily.
4) Why don't you take the 10.15 train to London?.How 10.15 train to London?.
5) Although, she was wealthy she lived in poverty.Despite in poverty.
6) The carpenter is building a new bookcase for us.We are built.
7) I haven’t typed the report yet.The report yet.
9) There had to be someone who knew the answer.Someone the answer.
10) It’s about a four hour drive from Valencia to Madrid.The drive from Valencia to Madrid four hours.
HAVEN’T SEEN HIM
GOT MARRIED
THOUGH IT WAS RAINING
ABOUT TAKING THE
BEING WEALTHY SHE LIVED
HAVING A NEW BOOKCASE
HASN’T BEEN TYPED
MUST HAVE KNOWN
TAKES ABOUT
7
11) Sam felt happy after having a hard work out with her tennis instructor.moodSam after having a good work out with her tennis instructor.
12) Writing all of the sentence isn’t necessary in this exercise.needThere’s all of the sentence in this exercise.
13) Nobody, apart from Robert’s mother, thought he would pass the FCE exam.personRobert’s mother thought he would pass the FCE exam.
14) The secretary connected me to the managing director.putThe secretary the managing director.
15) Samantha would have gone to dinner with Leo if she hadn’t been so tired.tiredSamantha was to dinner with Leo.
16) The Indian restaurant was practically empty.hardlyThere the Indian restaurant.
WAS/FELT IN A GOOD MOOD
NO NEED TO WRITE
WAS THE ONLY ONE WHO
PUT ME THROUGH TO
TOO TIRED TO GO
WAS HARDLY ANYONE IN
8
17) Robert couldn’t solve the problem.solutionRobert was unable the problem.
18) I can’t believe this is the best Chinese restaurant in Madrid!betterThere must in Madrid!
19) It’s a waste of time for you to ask Samantha for her phone number.pointThere’s Samantha for her phone number.
20) Robert has a full time job and looks after his sick mother too.wellRobert has a full time job his sick mother.
21) “Whose is this Gameboy?” the teacher asked the students.to“Who ?” the teacher asked the students.
22) They aren’t selling tickets for the U2 concert until next week.beingTickets for the U2 concert until next week.
23) It is a nurse’s responsibility to take care of the patients.responsibleA nurse patients.
TO FIND THE/A SOLUTION TO
BE A BETTER CHINESE RESTAURANT
NO POINT (IN) ASKING
AS WELL AS LOOKING AFTER
DOES THIS GAMEBOY BELONG TO
AREN’T BEING/WON’T BE SOLD
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR LOOKING AFTER THE
9
24) Mary couldn’t eat the curry because it was too spicy.tooThe curry Mary to eat.25) I’m sorry I didn’t kiss her when I had the chance.wishI her when I had the chance.26) Danny wrote his best poetry while he was staying in Tel Aviv.wasDanny’s best poetry stay in Tel Aviv.27) ‘We will send the disk only if you pay us first,’ said Luis.not‘We will you pay us first,’ said Luis.28) Football doesn’t interest Craig.interestedCraig football.29) You may have to sleep outside so take a sleeping bag.caseTake a sleeping bag sleep outside.30) I’ve had enough of the noise from next door.putI refuse the noise from next door any more.31) The council are going to demolish that old block of flats.pulledThat old block of flats down.
WAS TOO SPICY FOR
WISH I HAD KISSED
WAS WRITTEN DURING HIS
NOT SEND THE DISK UNLESS
ISN’T INTERESTED IN
IN CASE YOU HAVE TO
TO PUT UP WITH
IS GOING TO BE PULLED
10
32) I haven’t seen this film before.timeIt’s the first this film.
33) How long was your journey from Barcelona to Valencia?takeHow long travel from Barcelona to Valencia?
34) After a long session with her gym instructor Sam was so tired that she couldn’t eat much.tooAfter a long session with her gym instructor Sam was .
35) Doing sentence transformations is not as much fun as listening to native speakers.thanListening to native speakers sentence transformations.
36) Craig began to learn Spanish five years ago.learningCraig five years.
37) Robert has not had a job for three years.outRobert for three years.
TIME I HAVE SEEN
DID IT TAKE YOU TO
TOO TIRED TO EAT
IS MORE FUN THAN DOING
HAS BEEN LEARNING SPANISH FOR
HAS BEEN OUT OF WORK/A JOB
11
38) ‘Have you read any poems by Pablo Neruda, Craig?’ asked Angela.readAngela asked Craig any poems by Pablo Neruda.
39) The last time I got drunk was eight months ago.forI eight months.
40) Harry is not usually late.likeIt is late.
IF/HE HAD READ
HAVEN’T BEEN DRUNK FOR
NOT LIKE HARRY TO BE41) “Why don’t you do some exercise?” said Angela.doingAngela exercise.42) If you don’t lose weight, you’ll get depressed.loseUnless get depressed.43) I haven’t tried skiing before.firstThis is tried skiing.44) The bank has rejected my application for a loan.turnedMy application for a loan the bank.
SUGGESTED DOING SOME
YOU LOSE WEIGHT YOU’LL
THE FIRST TIME I HAVE
HAS BEEN TURNED DOWN BY
1212
45) The company chairman said that his accountant had stolen the money.accusedThe company chairman the money.46) They are too young to be smoking marijuana.enoughThey to be smoking marijuana. 47) Teachers have refused to work for three weeks.strikeTeachers three weeks.48) It was wrong of you to offer him money.Have You him money.49) I don’t want to spend the weekend with your sister and her two horrible kids.ratherI the weekend with your sister and her two horrible kids.50) That’s the nicest compliment I’ve ever been given.suchI’ve nice compliment.
ACCUSED HIS ACCOUNTANT OF STEALING
ARE NOT OLD ENOUGH
HAVE BEEN ON STRIKE FOR
SHOULD NOT HAVE OFFERED
WOULD RATHER NOT SPEND
NEVER BEEN GIVEN SUCH A
1313
INVERSION Sentence transformations Finish each sentence so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one printed before it. 1. The minute she left, the meeting broke up. No sooner ... No sooner had she left than the meeting broke up. 2. Immediately after solving one problem, I was faced with another. Hardly … Hardly had I solved one problem when I was faced with another.
3. The colour of that jacket suits you, and it fits you perfectly. Not only …Not only does the colour of that jacket suit you, but it also fits you
perfectly. 4. The minute he set eyes on her, he fell in love. No sooner ...
No sooner had he/did he set eyes on her than he fell in love.
5. You must remember to pay that bill, whatever you do. On no account ... On no account must/should you forget to pay that bill.
1414
6. He did not start to feel ill until after the meal. Only when ...Only when he had finished the meal/the meal had ended did he start to
feel ill.
7. People are not free from the influence of TV anywhere in the world. Nowhere ... Nowhere in the world are people free from the influence of TV.
8. There has not been an invention which so radically affected society since the printing press. Not since ... Not since the printing press has there been an invention which so radically affected society.
9. You rarely find a family without a television set nowadays. Rarely ... Rarely do you find a family without a television set these days.
10. Busy parents can seldom resist the temptation to use the TV as a childminder.Seldom ...Seldom can busy parents resist the temptation to use the TV as a
childminder.
11. Some claim that TV discourages conversation and also encourages anti-social behaviour. Not only ...
Not only does TV discourage conversation, but it also encourages anti-social behaviour.
1515
12. Researchers have not found a single case of violence that could be directly linked to a TV programme. Not a ...
Not a single case of violence have researchers found that could be directly linked to a TV.
1. What he did next really surprised us. takenWe were what he did next.
2. We will never forget that experience. an That was experience.
3. Terry is the shortest member of the team. thanNo-one in the team Terry.
4. This is the first time anyone has done that. before has anyone done that. 5. I really wish that I had studied harder. moreIf only . 6.You will get everything you have ever wanted. comeAll your wishes 7. Everybody thinks that Frank stole the money. ofEverybody the money.
Transform the sentences but keep the same meaning:
taken aback by
an unforgettable
is shorter than
Never before
I had studied more
will come true.
suspects Frank of stealing
16
8. Did she say who the dog belonged to? dogDid she say was?
9. They are going to get married next June. plannedTheir next June.
10. I haven't eaten fish since last Wednesday. timeThe fish was last Wednesday.
whose dog it
last time I ate
Rewrite the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use no more than 5 words.
1 You must never take your helmet off while you are riding a motorcycle.allHelmets must be worn when riding a motorcycle.
2 They wanted to apologize for their behavior: that's why they paid for dinner. orderThey paid for dinner for their behavior.
3 It isn't necessary to bring skis as they are included in the package.haveYou bring skis as they are included in the package.
marriage is planned for
at all times
in order to apologize
don’t have to
17
4 I thought parking was allowed here. under the impressionI was under the impression that parking was allowed here.
5 Tom said, "I will be playing tennis when you arrive."heTom said he would be playing tennis when I arrived.
6 When I was a child, we would go to the local park every Saturday afternoon.usedWhen I was a child, we used to go to the park every Saturday.
7 His daughter continued to cry until he could not be seen any longer.sightShe continued to cry until he was out of sight.
8 I'm afraid that car is just too expensive.meansI’m afraid that car is beyond my means.
9 They moved to this suburb in 1997.livedThey have lived in this suburb since 1997.
18
10 One other thing before I forget - Jack is coming to visit next weekend.by , Jack is coming to visit next weekend.
11 They managed to finish the project in time for the presentation. succeededThey the project in time for the presentation.
12 Maurice didn't come to the meeting yesterday. Perhaps he was ill. mightMaurice yesterday.
13 Jane allows her children to stay up to midnight on Saturday evenings. letJane late on Saturdays.
14 Luckily, Peter wasn't charged with an offense when the police caught him stealing the first time.
offPeter was very lucky because he .
15 Can I accompany you to the party? mindDo you to the party?
By the way
succeded in finishing
might have been ill
lets her children stay up
was let off
mind my accompanying you
19
16 I wish you didn't drive so fast. onlyIf so fast.
17 I think Tom needs to see a doctor. His cough is terrible. oughtWith that terrible cough, Tom a doctor.
18 You should feel horrible! Why did you say that to Jack? shame ! Why did you say that to Jack?
19 The authorities said she wasn't responsible for the accident. faultThe accident 20 "Why don't you take a holiday?", said Peter. suggestedPeter a holiday.
21 I haven't seen Tom for ages. sinceIt's been a long time Tom.
only you didn’t drive
ought to see
Shame on you
wasn’t her fault.
suggested I take
since I last saw
20
22 They were still playing tennis after three hours. beenThey for three hours.
23 He didn't want to join in the celebrations. takeHe didn't want the celebrations.
24 What a shame he wasn't able to come. wishI wish come.
25 I took a sweater but it wasn't necessary. takenI a sweater.
26 If you don't know how to spell the word, why don't you check in the dictionary? upWhy don't in the dictionary?
27 Somebody should tell him. toldHe by someone.
had been playing
to take part in
he had been able to
needn’t have taken
you look the word up
needs to be told
21
28 The concert was horrible. timeThe concert was a complete .
29 He couldn't find me at the exhibition. findHe wasn't able me at the exhibition.
30 She let her son go to New York for the weekend. allowedShe to New York.
31 I haven't seen her for ages. timeThe was 15 years ago.
32 I didn't understand what he was saying because I hadn't read his book. wouldIf I had read his book what he was saying.
33 As the class representative I would like to welcome you. behalfI'd like to welcome you the class.
waste of time
to find
allowed her son to go
last time I saw her
I would have understood
on behalf of
22
34 They believe the students were educated in Canada. believedThe students educated in Canada.
35 He escaped using a disguise. meansHe escaped a disguise.
36 Remind me to call Jack. forgetDon't let Jack.
37 This pasta is a new experience for me. timeIt is I have tried this pasta.
38 She has probably found a new job. likelyIt a new job.
39 I don't agree with prohibiting smoking in bars. favourI'm prohibiting smoking in bars.
are believed to have been
by means of
me to forget to call
the first time
is likely she has found
not in favour of
23
40 It doesn't need to be finished this afternoon. finishIt this afternoon.
41 Pittsburgh is less exciting than New York. asPittsburgh New York.
42 He couldn't read the inscription because it was too high. lowThe inscription wasn't for him to reach.
43 She didn't accept his marriage proposal. downShe
44 We were told to wait here by the director. whoIt was the director to wait here.
45 Can you look after the kids this afternoon? ofCan the kids this afternoon?
isn’t necessary to finish
isn’t as exciting as
low enough
turned his marriage proposal down.
who told us
you take care of
24
46 "Why don't you take a day off?" asked Jim. shouldJim suggested a day off.
47 He acts like a poor man even if he has a lot of money. factEven though he acts like a poor man, he has a lot of money.
48 I didn't mean to break that vase. onI didn't break that vase
49 Jack says Jenny is responsible. accordingIt's Jenny's Jack.
50 I was so bored by his lecture that I left. boringHis lecture was I left.
51 I am afraid I'm still having problems with understanding life in New York. usedI living in New York.
I should take
in fact
on purpose.
responsibility according to
so boring that
am not used to
25
51 I think we need to get a new car. inWe need to get a new car
52 I'd prefer it if you didn't smoke in here. mind smoking in here?
53 Many people were delayed because of the traffic jam. number
were delayed by the traffic jam.
54 It was such an interesting novel I stayed up all night to finish it. soThe novel was I stayed up all night to finish it.
55 Although he was able to do the job, he wasn't given the position. despite
to do the job, he wasn't given the position.
56 You should take the train instead of the bus. wereIf , I'd take the train instead of the bus.
in my opinion.
Would you mind not
A number of people
so interesting
Despite his ability
I were you
26
57 Can you describe him to me? likeWhat ?
58 It isn't necessary to buy a first class ticket. haveYou a first class ticket.
59 I'm sure he was at home last night. mustHe at home last night.
Why the above transformations at all?
The ability to rewrite sentences so that they have the same meaning as the original is often required for many English ESL EFL Exams such as Cambridge's First Certificate, CAE and Proficiency. This skill can also help you prepare for the TOEFL examination (Test of English as a Foreign Language). It is also an important skill which can help you improve your understanding of similar English expressions and vocabulary.
is he like
don’t have to buy
must have been
ANY QUESTIONS?
NO?
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!