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Transit Oriented Development in new cities of India !
November, 2012 !!!!
EMBARQ India "
If we want to achieve the 2 degree target … … we need to limit per capita emission to 2t CO2 eqv. (IPCC 2007).
Our Challenge"
Transport 460 kg CO2 per capita/year
Source: Bongardt 2010
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Our Challenge""
Urban mode share is not coupled with economic growth"
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1999, Bogota Columbia
6 2009, Ahmedabad -‐ India
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1 12
10
1 1 12
1 121 1
5
1 12
54
878 8 8
13
1716
0
25
50
75
100
125
0
5
10
15
20
25
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors
Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid
Curitiba
Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -‐ChinaJaipur -‐ India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata -‐ Indonesia
Bangkok -‐ Thailand; East London Transit -‐ UKJoão Pessoa -‐ Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga -‐ ColombiaEstado México -‐ México; Lima -‐ Perú; Brampton -‐ Canada
Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid
Curitiba
Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -‐ChinaJaipur -‐ India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata -‐ Indonesia
Bangkok -‐ Thailand; East London Transit -‐ UKJoão Pessoa -‐ Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga -‐ ColombiaEstado México -‐ México; Lima -‐ Perú; Brampton -‐ Canada
Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid
Curitiba
Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -‐ChinaJaipur -‐ India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata -‐ Indonesia
Bangkok -‐ Thailand; East London Transit -‐ UKJoão Pessoa -‐ Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga -‐ ColombiaEstado México -‐ México; Lima -‐ Perú; Brampton -‐ Canada
Source: EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011
The “Avoid-Shift-Improve” Strategy"
BENEFITS Air quality, health, safety, climate,
economy, development, etc.
AVOID the distance or number of trips
SHIFT towards lower emiVng modes of transport
IMPROVE technological
and operaWonal efficiency of vehicles
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NON-‐MOTORISED TRANSPORT
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
PUBLIC SPACES
DENSITY AND MIXED USES
URBAN FORM
PARKING, DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND ROAD SAFETY
PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
Image Source: CTS Mexico Avoid: Transit Oriented Development"
Today 2041Automobility Sustainable Transport
Population (millions) 5.4 13.2 13.2Trips (millions/yr) 5.6 39.75 39.75Area (Sq. Km.) 1330 6484 3242Emissions(million Tons CO2/yr) 0.33 12.32 1.97Traffic Fatalities (per yr) 175 5,232 1,225
Avoid Strategy: Integration of Transport & Landuse in Master Plans
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1. Hubli-‐Dharwad| TOD along BRT Corridor | Karnataka -‐ India
Hubli!
Dharwad!
Navanagar!
Hubli-Dharwad BRT Corridor "
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Navanagar: Proposed Landuse in Master Plan"STUDY AREA BOUNDARY
BRT BUS STOP
KHB LAYOUT
GOVT. OFFICES
TECH PARK
NAVANAGAR TOWN
APMC
COMMERCIAL AREAS
CANCER HOSPITAL
AMARGOL VILLAGE
PRIVATE PROPERTIES
OPEN SPACES
TOD Workshop – Discussing Opportunities for Navanagar "
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5.2 Proposed land use zoning
Promoting public life and social interactions through safe and attractive public spaces"
Increase BRT ridership throughMulti-modal Integration and Station Area Design"
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Safe and seamless movement of people through Complete Streets and Mobility Networks"
TOD Principles ExisTng SituaTon Notes
Transit! BRT proposed along Pune-Bangalore Road!
Need for feeder service to increase accessibility to & from BRT!
NMT! Navanagar has no pedestrian & bicycle infrastructure!
Continuous barrier free NMT network with pedestrian priority zones.!
Public Spaces! Public spaces allocated in housing layouts and along the corridor. !
Interconnected public spaces with pedestrian walkways & bicycle lanes!
Density! Low residential density with FAR consumed less than half of permissible limit. !
Gradation of density proposed.!
Mixed Use! Single use generally observed. ! Mixed use encouraged. !
Demand Management, Parking & Road Safety!
Very low traffic volumes. ! Utilizing RoW effectively to achieve complete streets. !
Participation! No participation.! Arrived at multiple design proposals with multiple stakeholders. !
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2. Sector Design |Bus Rapid Transit | Naya Raipur
Naya Raipur"
Source: NRDA!
Naya Raipur would be a planned and designed new city of the 21st century to be a focus of socioeconomic and cultural life of the state of Chhattisgarh having its role and recognition at national and international levels.!!Important components include: !Modern mass transit system, coupled with a city wide pedestrian corridor linking all major urban activities.!A visually pleasing cityscape in tune with the aesthetic principles of urban design and landscaping, Pedestrian friendly neighbourhoods !
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TOD in Naya Raipur"Various parameters of analysis of an existing sector to understand strengths / weaknesses "
FSI and densities " Road network and hierarchy"
Land use " Open space/ public space" Dwelling unit density " Junction hierarchy "
Urban Form "
TOD in Naya Raipur"
EXISTING SECTORAL DIVISION
800m 800m
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TOD in Naya Raipur"
LOCATION OF BRT STATION WITH RANGE OF PROXIMITIES
TOD in Naya Raipur"
LAYING THE PEDESTRIAN GRID AND EXISTING NATURAL FEATURES
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TOD in Naya Raipur"
HIGHEST DENSITY CLOSEST TO BRT STATION
TOD in Naya Raipur"
GRADATION OF DENSITY FROM THE TRANSIT POINT
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TOD in Naya Raipur"
GREEN CORRIDOR ALONG NATURAL FEATURES
TOD in Naya Raipur"
DEMARCATING OPEN SPACE HIERARCHY AS PER NATURAL FEATURES
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TOD in Naya Raipur"
DEMARCATING CROSS SPINES WITH THE BUILT EDGE
TOD in Naya Raipur"
DEMARCATING SECTOR EDGES AND CORNERS WITH MEDIUM DENSITY
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TOD in Naya Raipur"
DEMARCATING SECTOR EDGES WITH MEDIUM DENSITY
TOD in Naya Raipur"
MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL TOWARDS THE BRT CORRIDOR
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TOD in Naya Raipur"
LOWEST DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AWAY FROM THE BRT CORRIDOR
Naya Raipur – Comparative Indicators"
BRT Stop BRT Stop
Criteria " Original Design" Proposed Design "Transit station adjacent density ! 100 ppH! 600 ppH!Transit corridor density ! 300 ppH! 500 ppH!Transit adjacent mixed use ! 20%! 50%!5 min walk distance to transit stop ! 30% population! 50% population !Walk trip distance to amenities ! 5 to 10 mins! 2 to 5 mins !Hierarchy of greens ! Centrally concentrated ! Well distributed !Natural features and contour conservation! 50% ! 80% !Population accommodated in sector! 11,000! 15,000!Connectivity across quadrants ! Poor ! Good !Legibility of urban form ! Poor! Good!
Original Design Proposed Design
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TOD Principles" Existing Situation" Notes "Transit! Bus Rapid Transit corridor
proposed along Sector .!Sector designed to provide direct access to BRT station. !
NMT! Poor access to the BRT station. No physical planning for transfer to feeders. No special treatment / lanes for bicycles.!
Continuous barrier free pedestrian and bicycle pathways towards BRT station.!
Public Spaces! Centrally planned and not evenly distributed.!
Well distributed hierarchy of public spaces. Utilize existing natural features and contours. !
Density! Density does not correspond with proximity to the BRT corridor. !
Gradation of density proposed. !
Mixed Use! Limited mixed use permitted but allocation not specified. !
Suggest type and increase in mixed uses close to the BRT station and along intersectoral roads.!
Demand Management, Parking & Road Safety!
1.67 ECS per 100sqm. No strategy for demand management. !
DCRs assessed and recommendations suggested. Improve safety through street design. !
Participation! No participation. ! Arrived at multiple design proposals with multiple stakeholders.!
THE EMBARQ NETWORK"
“The EMBARQ global network catalyses environmentally and financially sustainable transport solu?ons to improve quality of life in ci?es.”
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Mumbai
Ahmedabad
Naya Raipur
Hubli -‐ Dharwad
Bangalore
CiTes
1. Navanagar, Hubli Dharwad – Transit Station Area Masterplan!
2. Indiranagar, Bangalore – Metro Accessibility!
3. MIDC, Mumbai – Improving Quality of Built Environment!
4. Adarsh Palm Retreat, Godrej Garden City - Residential Townships!
5. Sector 30, Naya Raipur – Greenfield Sector Planning!
Thank you"
