Utilization Trends Across the Continuum Transitions in Care Symposium
Lisa Slama, PhD Principal, Sg2
2 Confidential and Proprietary © 2018 Sg2
Patient Volumes at Your Organization Are Like What ’90s TV Show?
A. Full House—We are crushed everywhere, all the time.
B. Saved by the Bell—We often come close to capacity, but we somehow manage.
C. ER—We’re doing ok, but our ED is bursting at the seams.
D. Northern Exposure— We experience seasonal volume shifts.
E. Empty Nest—Our doors are open!
?
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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Historic Inpatient ALOS Trends
Historic Inpatient Discharge Volume Trends
–7% 2008–2014
We Called It: Admissions Declined as Length of Stay Creeped Up
+2.3% 2012–2015
Sources: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Database. https://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/#setup. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Accessed May 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
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Sg2’s Impact of Change® Forecast Methodology
IP and OP Baseline Volumes
Market Data
Institutional Data
National Data
IP Discharges,
Days
Population Epidemiology Economy & Consumerism
Policy Innovation & Technology
Systems of CARE
National Impact Factors
OP Volumes
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Sg2 Impact Factors Defined
Estimates the impact of population growth using Claritas demographic data
Quantifies expected changes in disease incidence and prevalence rates
Accounts for micro- and macroeconomic factors and impact of price sensitivity
Measures impact of health care policy initiatives and insurance coverage shifts
Accounts for the impact of care coordination and provider integration across care sites
Examines new technology and clinical innovation that impact site of care, resource use and health management
Population
Epidemiology
Economy & Consumerism
Policy
Innovation & Technology
Systems of CARE
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Agenda Inpatient Projections Ambulatory Care Trends
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
14% 0%
3% –2% –2%
–13%
0%
Pop Eco &Consum
Epi Innov &Tech
Policy SoC GrandTotal
25
30
35
2018 2023 2028
Despite Population Estimates, Admissions Are Stable Over Coming Decade
Adult Inpatient Forecast US Market, 2018–2028
Note: Forecast excludes 0–17 age group. eco = economy; epi = epidemiology; innov = innovation; SoC = System of CARE; tech = technology. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
Sg2 IP Forecast Population-Based Forecast
Discharges Millions 5-Year
+7%
+0%
+14%
+0%
10-Year
Adult Inpatient Forecast Impact Factors US Market, 2018−2028
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
4.5
4.7
4.9
5.1
20
70
120
170
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Growing Elderly Population and Rising Acuity Drive IP LOS and Days Increases
Discharges, Total Days and ALOS Forecast 2018–2028
Discharges: +0%
Days: +4%
ALOS: +4%
ALOS Bed Days and Discharges Millions
Note: Forecast excludes 0–17 age group. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
22%
0%
15%
5%
20%
9% 11% 11%
13%
18%
7%
13%
3%
13%
8% 11%
7%
12%
Critical Care Discharges and Days Will Grow as Acuity Rises
Inpatient Forecast, Top ICU CARE Families US Market, 2018-2028
Note: Forecast excludes 0–17 age group. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
Discharges Days
Acute Respiratory
Failure
Dysrhythmia and Cardiac
Arrest Hemorrhagic
Stroke Myocardial Infarction Septicemia Shock
Skull Fracture and Major Brain
Injury Spinal Cord
Injury Total
2018 Discharges 465K 760K 132K 653K 1.83M 6K 201K 16K 4.1M
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
Although Overall IP Surgery Volumes Will Decline, Expect Pockets of High Growth
Note: Analysis excludes 0–17 age group. Surgeries listed fall under the Major Therapeutic Procedure Group category in the inpatient forecast. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
10-YEAR % CHANGE 2018 VOLUMES Overall Surgeries –3% 8,193,100 Endovascular Procedure—Cerebral 127% 62,800 Transcatheter Valve Procedure 120% 39,800 Motion Preservation Procedures 72% 5,500 Revision Knee Replacement 58% 50,800 Revision Hip Replacement 49% 38,900 Ventricular Assist Device and Artificial Heart 45% 4,900 Neurostimulator Procedure 41% 15,200 Lobectomy and Pneumonectomy 35% 38,800 Bone Marrow Transplant 26% 15,800 Transplantation—Lung 24% 2,000 Ventricular Assist Device—Percutaneous 23% 2,400 Transplantation—Heart 19% 2,200
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Many Services Are Shifting Out of Inpatient Status but Still Remain in the Hospital
85
95
105
115
2017 2022 2027
Hospital Forecast, All Service Lines US Market, 2017–2027
Volumes Millions 5-Year 10-Year
+7%
+3%
+14%
+7%
Sg2 Hospital Forecast Pop Hospital Forecast
Notes: Analysis excludes 0–17 age group. OP site of care = hospital OP. OP discharges = Procedures–Major, Procedures–Minor, Visits–Observation. HOPD = hospital outpatient department; Obs = observation. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2017; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2014. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; OptumInsight, 2015; The following 2015 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2017; Sg2 Analysis, 2017.
Included in Hospital Forecast: IP Discharges
HOPD Procedures—Major/Minor
Visits—Obs in HOPD
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
Short Stay Patients Will Predominate, Impacting Throughput and Financials
Hospital Forecast, All Service Lines US Market, 2018
Inpatient
Obs
HOPD
Hospital Forecast, All Service Lines US Market, 2028
10%
65%
26%
9%
62%
28%
111M 116M Notes: Analysis excludes 0–17 age group. OP site of care = hospital OP. OP discharges = Procedures–Major, Procedures–Minor, Visits–Observation. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2014. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2017; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
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Agenda Inpatient Projections Ambulatory Care Trends
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
2018 2023 2028
At a High Level, OP Growth Will Mirror Population Estimates
Adult Outpatient Forecast US Market, 2018–2028
Note: Forecast excludes 0–17 age group. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
Volumes Billions
Adult Outpatient Forecast Impact Factors US Market, 2018−2028
+8%
+7%
+15% +14%
5-Year 10-Year
Sg2 OP Forecast Population-Based Forecast
Pop Eco &Consum
Epi Innov &Tech
Policy SoC GrandTotal
+14% –4% +5% –1% 0% +1% +15%
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
Growth Opportunities Exist Across Sites; Capturing Growth Requires Integration
Office/Clinic Urgent/Retail Care
Home
2018 Site of Care Volumes and 10-Year Forecast, Adults US Market, 2018–2028
+19% Volume
3.5M
SNF
+25% Volume
250M
+5% Volume
2.5B
+9% Volume
7.3M
+1% Volume
106M
ED
0% Volume
30M
Inpatient
+13% Volume
507M
Hospital OP/ASC Volume in 2028
255M
In 2028, 17% of all E&M visits will be delivered in a virtual care setting.
Virtual
Acuity
Note: Analysis excludes 0–17 age group. ASC = ambulatory surgery center; CARE = Clinical Alignment and Resource Effectiveness; E&M = evaluation and management; SNF = skilled nursing facility. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018
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Expect Continued Surgical Shift to Less-Acute Care Sites
Hospital OP Surgery
ASC
Hospital IP Surgery
+30% (14.4M)
–3% (8.2M)
+19% (19.6M)
Note: All percentages represent Sg2’s 10-year growth forecast, adults only. Numbers in parentheses are 2018 baseline volumes. IP surgery is defined as Procedure Group: Major Therapeutic. OP surgery is defined as Procedures: Major and Endoscopy: Arthroscopy. Hospital OP surgery is filtered for site of care detail: Hospital OP. ASC OP surgery is filtered for site of care detail: ASC. ASC = ambulatory surgery center. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
Sg2 10-Year Growth Projections (2018–2028)
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
Orthopedics/Spine Top Outpatient Growth for Surgical Procedures
Note: Forecast excludes 0–17 age group. OP surgery is defined as Procedures: Major and Endoscopy: Arthroscopy. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
10-YEAR % CHANGE 2018 VOLUMES
Overall Surgeries 23% 40,658,000 Primary Knee Replacement 1,105% 61,000 Primary Shoulder Replacement 971% 14,000 Primary Hip Replacement 712% 43,000 Lumbar/Thoracic Spinal Fusion 211% 31,000 Motion Preservation Procedures 153% 15,000 Partial Knee Replacement 139% 77,000 Revision Knee Replacement 120% 4,000 Primary Ankle Replacement 110% 2,000 Cervical Spinal Fusion 90% 103,000 Prostatectomy 62% 12,000 Intracardiac Catheter Ablation 51% 236,000 Arthroscopy 35% 3,557,000 Neurostimulator Procedure 30% 448,000
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Ambulatory Service Growth Hits Less-Acute, Lower-Cost Settings
ED
+1% (106M)
Urgent/Retail Care Center
Note: All percentages represent Sg2’s 10-year growth forecast, adults only. Numbers in parentheses are 2018 baseline volumes. ED site of care is defined as all volumes under site of care: ED. Urgent/retail care site of care is defined as all volumes under site of care: urgent/retail. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
+9% (7.3M)
Sg2 10-Year Growth Projections (2018–2028)
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
84
88
92
96
100
2018 2023 2028
Nonemergent ED Visits Shift to Lower-Cost Settings
Note: Forecast excludes 0–17 age group. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
ED Visit Forecast US Market, 2018–2028
+2%
+2%
+4%
+9%
Sg2 Forecast Population Forecast
Volumes Millions 5-Year 10-Year
35
40
45
50
55
2018 2023 2028
Emergent and Urgent Visit Forecast US Market, 2018–2028
+10%
–4%
Volumes Millions 5-Year 10-Year
–2%
+6%
Emergent Visits Urgent Visits
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Urgent Care Market Sees Growth and Consolidation
Independent Locations Concentra 290 MedExpress/Optum 146 American Family Care/DRX 145 NextCare 123 FastMed 88
Hospital/Multispecialty Locations US HealthWorks/Dignity 166 MedPost (Tenet Subsidiary) 39 Aurora Health 35 Carolinas HealthCare 31 Intermountain Healthcare 30
National estimates range between 7,100 and 9,000 clinics
Growth moderates Market consolidation builds Larger players making
acquisitions Telehealth strains expansion
in saturated markets
Source: Merchant Medicine. The ConvUrgentCare Report. July 2015.
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Ambulatory Service Growth Hits Less-Acute, Lower-Cost Settings
Freestanding Imaging Center
Hospital OP Imaging
+12% CT
(29M)
+10% MR
(10M)
?% CT
(?M)
?% MR (?M)
Note: All percentages represent Sg2’s 10-year growth forecast, adults only. Numbers in parentheses are 2018 baseline volumes. CT imaging at hospital OP is defined as advanced imaging: CT, filtered for site of care detail: hospital OP. MR imaging at hospital OP is defined as advanced imaging MR, filtered for site of care detail: hospital OP. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
Sg2 10-Year Growth Projections (2018–2028)
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Payment Pressures Shift Imaging to Low Cost Centers
Identifying the Gap Between Hospital and Free-Standing Prices
Healthcare Financial Management Association
Spring 2017
Anthem’s New Outpatient Imaging Policy Likely to Hit Hospitals’ Bottom Line
Modern Healthcare
August 27, 2017
Changes to Radiology Reimbursements on the Horizon
HealthTrust
June 7, 2017
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Ambulatory Service Growth Hits Less-Acute, Lower-Cost Settings
E&M Office/Clinic Visits
Virtual Visits
17% (of all visits will be virtual in 10 years)
600+%
E&M Urgent/Retail Care Center
E&M Home Visits
+6% (24M)
+6% (5.6M)
–5% (1.1B)
Note: All percentages represent Sg2’s 10-year growth forecast, adults only. Numbers in parentheses are 2018 baseline volumes. E&M visits at office/clinic are defined as E&M visits, filtered for site of care: office/clinic. E&M visits at urgent/retail are defined as E&M visits, filtered for site of care: urgent/retail. E&M visits at home are defined as E&M visits, filtered for site of care: home. Virtual visits growth is defined as site of care: virtual visits (percent change from 2019–2028). Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
Sg2 10-Year Growth Projections (2018–2028)
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Understanding Future Health Care Utilization Requires Thinking a Generation Ahead
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Understanding Future Health Care Utilization Requires Thinking a Generation Ahead
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Expect Virtual Health to Gain Momentum as Reimbursement and Consumerism Grow
40% of hospitals surveyed have listed virtual health as a high priority.
NUMBERS TO KNOW
of providers are offering virtual health services now or will in the near future.
of US consumers would use virtual health services.
200 virtual networks serve
have enacted private insurance parity laws.
more visits in fiscal year 2015 compared to 2014. 3,500 facilities.
29 states 93%
62% 74%
One virtual health vendor reports
Sources: American Telemedicine Association, 2016; Industry Benchmark and Data Report, 2016; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
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Post-Acute Care Demand Trickles Down to Lower-Cost Care Settings
Inpatient Rehab
–9% (293K)
Home Nurse Visits
+30% (139M)
Skilled Nursing Facility
+19% (3.5M)
Note: All percentages represent Sg2’s 10-year growth forecast, adults only. Numbers in parentheses are 2018 baseline volumes. Inpatient rehab is defined as Procedure: Inpatient Rehabilitation. SNF is defined as Procedure: SNF Stays. Home nurse visits are defined as Procedure: Home Nurse Visits. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
Sg2 10-Year Growth Projections (2018–2028)
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Previous Timeline
Post-Acute Care Payment Reform: It’s Not If but When
MedPAC = Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. Sources: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. Mandated Report: Developing a Unified Payment System for Post-Acute Care. June 2017; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
2023 2022
CMS defines and begins collecting quality/cost measures; develops risk-adjustment tool.
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
CMS Report to Congress
MedPAC details feasibility of a PAC-PPS based on patient characteristics, not setting.
2024
Implementation
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Proposed Timeline
Post-Acute Care Payment Reform: It’s Not If but When
2023 2022
MedPAC urges accelerated
PAC-PPS implementation.
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Implementation
MedPAC details feasibility of a PAC-PPS based on patient characteristics, not setting.
2024
MedPAC = Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. Sources: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. Mandated Report: Developing a Unified Payment System for Post-Acute Care. June 2017; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
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Note: Percentages in pie chart may not add to 100% due to rounding. Sources: Sg2 Insurance Estimates; Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
Growth in Medicare Will Alter Payer Mix, Impact Utilization
3% Self-Pay 40%
Medicare
33% Commercial
2024 National Payer Mix
35% Medicare
18% Medicaid
38% Commercial
3% Self-Pay
6% Other Governmental
2014 National Payer Mix
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Payer Mix Erosion Hits All Sites and Services
Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Milliman. Analysis of commercial claims. 2015; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
% Medicare Volumes 2018
% Medicare Volumes 2028
Commercial Reimbursement
as a % of Medicare
Inpatient 48% 51% 201%
Observation 45% 49% 391%
ED 21% 25% 346%
Hospital OP Surgery 34% 38% 224%
ASC 52% 58% 184%
Chemotherapy 57% 62% 232%
Radiology—CT 50% 55% 438%
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Sg2 ANALYTICS
20% 1%
15% –4%
16% 0% 0%
–5% 18%
–3% 17%
9% 19%
–2% 6%
9%
20% 21%
17% 21%
14% 13%
4% 1%
21% 21%
16% 16%
13% 12%
6% 23%
Service Line Forecasts Reveal Variation Across the IP and OP Settings
Inpatient Service Line Growth Rates US Market, 2018–2028
Outpatient Service Line Growth Rates US Market, 2018–2028
Sg2 IP Forecast Population-Based Forecast Sg2 OP Forecast
Psychiatry
Orthopedics and Spine
Neurosciences
Cancer
Women’s Health
Medicine
Surgery
Cardiovascular
Psychiatry
Orthopedics and Spine
Neurosciences
Cancer
Women’s Health
Medicine
Surgery
Cardiovascular
Note: All service lines exclude 0–17 age group. Cardiovascular includes cardiology and vascular. Medicine includes allergy and immunology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, medicine, infectious diseases, nephrology, pulmonology, and rheumatology. Surgery includes burns and wounds, otolaryngology, general surgery, ophthalmology and urology. Brain/CNS Cancer CARE Family is counted in both the cancer and neurosciences service line forecasts. Sources: Impact of Change®, 2018; HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; OptumInsight, 2016; The following 2016 CMS Limited Data Sets (LDS): Carrier, Denominator, Home Health Agency, Hospice, Outpatient, Skilled Nursing Facility; Claritas Pop-Facts®, 2018; Sg2 Analysis, 2018.
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