May 8, 2012

Jun’ichi SoneNational Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)

“Open innovation platform forenvironment and energy technologies”

Tsukuba Innovation Arena Nano‐Green

Nano‐Green Technology

We are facing serious global issues of energy and environment, such as a global warming, exhausting available fossil fuels, and consuming scarce natural resources. Material science and nanoscience and their engineering are highly expected to provide solutions for them.   

NIMS is strengthening the research and development of energyand environment technologies to respond to such social demands.Some of the technologies has been already successfully  industria‐lized and some are under development through collaboration with industry.  

Development of highly‐efficient phosphor materials for  a white LEDsuitable for backlight applications in LCDs and solid‐state lightings.

(Presently, lighting consumes 20% of total energy in Japan) Discovery of highly‐efficient phosphor capability by introducing optically‐

active rare‐earth elements (Eu) into SiAlON SiAlON forms a nm‐scaled cage structure with optically active Eu inside Excited states of d‐electron orbital of Eu can be modulated by the crystal‐

field produced by crystal structure of SiAlON SiAlON phospher enables to emit blue,green, yellow, and red colors, and 

provides long lifetime and high temperature stability. Already commercialized by many LCD and LED lamp makers.

SiAlON PhosphorSiAlON Phosphor

β‐SIALONphosphor

α‐SIALON phosphor

CaAlSiN Daylight color

Day white color

White color

Warm white color

Lampcolor

White LED (Varying lighting color by phosphor mixture)

Light emitting center ion

Next Generation Super AlloyNext Generation Super Alloy

Aircraft jet engine

Development of Ni‐based single crystal super alloy through thecollaboration with private enterprises, demonstrating world’s top heat‐resistant characteristics of  1100 ℃

Promising for applications of high performance turbine blade ofjet engines and highly‐efficient combined‐cycle thermal power generation

Contribution to energy saving and CO2 reduction (Almost yearly 1million dollar fuel cost reduction per airplane    with increase of operating temperature by 50℃)     

Turbine of jet engine

Toward Dy‐free NdFeB magnets

Crystal structure of powder

Single crystal grain

crystal grain boundary

HDDR

Single domain sizeNd2Fe14B phase

IntermetallicsNIMS

？

3D atom probe view

SEM, HRTEM, and 3D atom probeviews of NdFeB magnets

Initialpowder

Diffusionprocessed 3D

atomprobe view

SEM

Increasing demands for high‐performance magnets for motor applications of wind turbines, electric vehicles, and HDDs

Concerns of Dy delivery in (NdDy)FeB high‐performance magnetsDy Price : 600~1000$/kg@2011, 40$/kg@2005

Realization of drastic coercivity‐increase for NdFeB magnets by decoupling ferromagnetic interaction between the crystal grains

Coercivity depends on the microstructure (grain size) of NdFeB magnet powder. HDDR method enables to reduce single crystal grain size almost down to the 

magnetic domain size (~250nm) of NdFeB Diffusion of non‐magnetic materials into the grain boundaries of NdFeB powder 

TIA Nano-Green Open Innovation Plarform

Technological innovation for serious energy and environment issues cannot be achieved by a single research organization

Implementation of Open Innovation Research Platform in TIA Nano-Green where collaborations among industries, AIST, Univ. of Tsukuba, KEK, centering on NIMS are conducted

Needs for an open innovation research platform aiming at solving common basic problems and challenging high-risk targets through collaboration of industries, universities, and public research institutions in a membership framework

NEEDs for diverse technological expertise and knowledge covering multiple discipline

NEEDs for expensive characterization & fabrication equipments with atomic-level precision along with professionals capable of handling them

TIA Nano-Green Research Platform

Device companies

System companies

Components companies

Equipmentscompanies

Privileges to members

Closed Collaborative

Researchwith a member

company

Industrialization of innovative technology for Energy & environment

accumulated knowledge and technologies for material science and nanoscience

Capable of responding to higher level

corporate needs

Expansion of the fundamental technology portfolio by public competitive funds

Application Oriented Research

Expansion

★Participation in Open innovationarea (Research at Open Lab)★Privileged license of IPs created

at Open Innovation Platform★ Research Progress Report★Research using accumulated

knowledge and technologies, and advanced facilities

★Participation of young talents from universities (Graduate students, Post doctoral fellows, etc)

・Special Members・Ordinary Members・Associate Members・Academia Members・Basic Members

Membercompanies

NIMS

Univ. of Tsukuba

AISTInfrastructure for Material Science 

ResearchInforma‐tion

Know‐HowShared use of  advanced facilities

IPs

Human Resources

Expansion

NIMS NewNano Green

Building

*)TC: Technology Committee

Academiamembers

**)SC: Standard Committee ***)OL: Open Laboratory

Universities and research institutes

NIMS

Univ. of Tsukuba

AISTExecutive Council

Steering Committee

Industrial Committee

To determine the operation policy and the roadmap of research and standardization

7

SC**TC TCTC* ・・・

OL・・・OL*** OL OL

Expansion of technology portfolio by research collaboration with industry

KEK

Open Innovation

<Merit>To be able to create technology seeds which lead to future business, by working with researchers of academia & industry and by gathering wisdom & knowledge globally

Closed CollaborationTIA Nano‐Green

Open Innovation (Open Lab. level)・Information will be shared among members

participating in the same open laboratory・Free license of patents created at the open lab. will be given to members in the lab.

IP belongs to NIMS(Free license to members)

Collaborative Research

NIMS

Member companies

Academia members*

(Membership)(Charged)

・Information is kept confidential・Handling of IPs is defined in the contract

NIMS

<Merit>To be able to accomplish a development goal directly by keeping research content confidential & by excluding researchers exceptassigned ones

Best MixBest Mix

Academia members*: including AIST, KEK. and Univ. of Tsukuba

Closed Collaboration based on the individual contract

Member company

Collaborative Research

The Best Mix of “Open” and “Closed”

(in case of NIMS)

IP created jointly is sharedby both parties

(Company :Free use of shared IP)

(Charged)

Leading edge facilities in NIMS, AIST, and Univ. of Tsukuba areavailable to be used for participating members

Available Leading Edge Facilities

9

(Main facilities of Platform for GreenFunctional-Oxide Nanotechnology)・high intensity slow positronbeamline for defect characterization

・X-ray photoelectron spectrometer・ECR sputtering device・Thin film X-ray diffractometer

・microscopic Raman spectrometer・X-ray nanostructure measuring

device・FT-Raman spectrometer・Photoelectronic spectrometer・Ultraviolet-visible absorptance

and reflectivity measuring device

930MHz NMR Magnet, High Magnetic Field Station, NIMS

SPring-8,NIMS maintains a dedicated Beamline (BL15XU),Beamline Station, NIMS(©RIKEN/JASRI)

Scanning Helium Ion Microscope, Low Carbon Research Network, NIMS

Ultra High Resolution TEM,Transmission Electron Microscopy Station, NIMS

Time of Flight SIMS (TOF-SIMS), Low Carbon Research Network, NIMS

User facilities of NIMS（showing some examples below）

User facilities of AIST User facilities of Univ. of Tsukuba

Technologies to solve environment and energy problems

10

ElectricEnergy

Thermal Energy

Next generationPower transmission

EV/HV

Fuel cell bus

Safe battery

Smart City

electrolysisHydrogen

Green Building

PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics

Heat resistance materials

Heat resistance materials

Secondary Battery

Secondary Battery

Fuel CellFuel Cell

Artificialphotosynthesis

Artificialphotosynthesis

Thermoelectric Conversion

Thermoelectric Conversion

Solar light

Thermal power plant

Thermal Insulation/ Conducting

Thermal Insulation/ Conducting

Fuel

Environmentally friendly materials

Saving Energy

Mine

Critical metal free (Pt etc.)Precious rare earth element free 

11

Major Research Themes

Materials for Secondary Battery * Enhancement of performance and reliability of Lithium battery* Development of Lithium air rechargeable battery

Materials for Fuel Cells* Enhancement of performance and reliability of fuel cells

Materials for Photovoltaics* Development of quantum-structured and organic photovoltaics

Common Fundamental Technology for Battery Materials* In-situ observation and control of interface structure and chemical reaction * Modeling and simulation for interface structure and chemical reaction

Materials for Thermoelectric Conversion*Development of methods to enhance ZT

Thermal Management Technology*Development of heat-resistance & thermal insulation materials and their coating tech.*Development of analytical methods for thermal properties

Control of Electric Energy Flow

Control of Thermal Energy Flow

Energy Saving Technology

Spintronics Materials for Electronic and Magnetic Applications

TC-A : Materials for battery

TC

TC-B : Materials for thermal energy conversion

TC-C : Energy-saving magnetic materials

Technology committeeResearch themes in Open Lab.

Based on deep understanding of dynamic phenomena at solid /gas, solid/liquid and solid/solid interfaces in batteries with use of in-situ observation and modeling & simulation techniques,1) To solve common basic problems related to the performance

and reliability issues of batteries,2) To challenge high-risk targets aiming at future applications

Ex. Lithium air rechargeable battery Efficient non-Pt catalyst for fuel cells

Laboratory of Materials for BatteriesTC-A

Objectives

Dynamic simulation at the interface of TiO2/Dye and electrolyte under light irradiation 

In‐situ characterization of chemicalreaction at interface of solid/electrolyte

Goal: Li-air battery with ten times energy density and one-tenth cost

Energy saving house with all direct current electricity

supply

EV capable of running 500 km

Smart Grid

Lithium-Air Rechargeable Batterythat accelerates energy shift

In order to make the most use of natural energy and to spread electric vehicles, existence of large-capacity and low-cost rechargeable batteries is essential. Lithium-air rechargeable battery has a potential for big improvement of energy density and drastic cost down.

13Maximization of energy densityMaximization of power densityLow cost

(E=3.1 V)

Battery technology using advanced materials

TC-A

Strategy: Concurrent implementation of basic research to understand chemical reaction and cell developments with new material

Cathode: 2Li+ + 2e‐ + O2 ↔  Li2O2Anode:     Li  ↔  Li+ + e‐

automobiles

Total energy supply in Japan 2.4×1019 J  in 2005

Thermoelectric conversion

Needs for thermoelectric conversion materials

factories incineratorspower plants

Electricity!

Effective energy : 34%Energy loss/waste heat

High‐efficiency TE materials composed of nontoxic and naturally‐abundant elements to replace Bi2Te3 , PbTe

High‐efficiency TE thin films with ZT >2~3 to expand TE applications High temperature TE materials for large‐scale power generation to utilize factory waste heat, and combustive thermal power and solar thermal power  

Focused Areas 

TC-B

Development of new TE materials New routes for higher conversion efficiency

“Nano/microstructure control”

Award

“Discovery of n-type BC based alloy awaited for more than 20 years by adding some elements to BC,forming an atomic

network structure”

“Common light element”

BC

OxidesOxidation resistance

SilicidesHomo-logous

Development of TE materials for wide-scale application

Growing interest in thermoelectric conversion materials in these daysdue to the progress in the nanotechnology and material science

• Band engineering• Confinment effect in QW• Rattling effect in cage structure

MBCN

p‐type n‐type

Netw

ork Structure

“Enhancement of ZT value through grain-size control of additives”

Leading edge technology in material synthesis and characterization

He‐ion microscope FIB‐SEM TEM High‐temp. MBE

High‐temp.High‐presureSP sintering

4 Tbit/in2 10×10 nm2

Energy Saving Magnetic Material

Magnetic Storage (HDD)

Target of Spintronics MaterialHigh‐density magnetic storage mediaHigh‐sensitivity MR devicesNew magnetic material with high spin‐polarization

TC-C

High‐density perpendicularmagnetic recording media Synthesis of half metal material

17

Joining open Innovation platform of advanced research domain allows companies to develop future technology in an effective way

Researchers in universities and public research institutes can find valuable scientific subjects which industry or society demands

4 elements which make TIA nanogreen open innovation attractive

(1) Meeting place (cross-industry, industry-academia, and different research fields)Achieving unexpected innovations by working with researchers with various expertise, knowledge, and motivations, and by understanding industrial demands

(2) Advanced facilities with an expert group capable to operate them fullyAccess to the advanced facilities of NIMS, AIST and the Univ. of Tsukuba as well as obtain supports from experts capable to operate them fully

(3) Strategic investment by the national governmentEndorsed in the 21 National Strategic Projects outlined in the New Growth Strategy 2011, TIA-nano, a joint program between two Ministries, MEXT and METI, receives national strategic investments of Japan

(4) Fostering of young scientists expected to play a leading role in the next generation

To construct sustainable cycle of science-technology-industry by fostering young talented scientists

Attractive Features of TIA Nano-Green Open Innovation Platform

17

Observation

Analysis

Sample

LightHeat

Vacuum

Atmosphere

Atmosphere ( Gas, Humidity) Temperature, Electrochemical characterization

Small space to characterize and simulate surface/interface  

phenomena

TEM

Material

Environment To see To simulate

Potential

World‐class NIMS Facilities

Environment Cell

Advanced Characterization and Simulation Techniques being developed in NIMS GREEN

One of TIA Nano‐Green Core Programs : 10‐year MEXT Program (2009‐2018, 5M$/year)

19

Attractive Features of TIA Nano-Green Open Innovation Platform

1. World leading researchersGathering of researchers in the field of materials, where Japan holds the strength, to challenge and tackle common and fundamental research issues relating to environment and energy technology.

2. A platform for interactions between industries, academia and public institutions across interdisciplinary areas.Achieving unexpected innovations by working with multi-skilled researchers understanding industrial demands and having awareness of the issues.

4. Flexibility in the management of intellectual properties (IPs) Entitlement of royalty free license for IPs arose from open collaborative research. Also the sharing of IPs between inventors is possible in the closed collaborative research.

5. World leading experts having perfect command of advanced facilities.Access to the most advanced facilities of NIMS, AIST and the Univ. of Tsukuba as well as obtain supports from our team of experts.

6. A strategic initiative of JapanEndorsed in the 21 National Strategic Projects outlined in the New Growth Strategy 2011, TIA-nano, a joint program between two Ministries, MEXT and METI, receives national strategic investments of Japan.

3. A training camp for the development of next generation leadersAchieving sustainable creation of new industries upon the scientific and technological foundation together with a joint effort in the training of next generation talents.

StrategyStrategy Powerful research and development scheme driven by

“basic research” and “cell development” as two wheels

Spring‐8 NIMS‐BL

In‐situ observation and analysis by “environment cell”

Crystal structure analysis

In‐situ XAFS, XPS

Environmental control probe microscope

Environment‐responsive TEM

Scanning Helium ion microscope

TEM

FIB

Prediction and analysis by the first‐principle calculations

Electrochemical Simulation

Origination of new materialsNano‐carbon, graphene

Ionic liquid

basic research

Maximization of energy densityMaximization of power densityLow cost

Cathode: 2Li+ + 2e‐ + O2 ↔  Li2O2Anode:     Li  ↔  Li+ + e‐

(E=3.1 V)NMR

SR

SPM

Battery integration technology using advanced materials

20

Challenges of Lithium-Air Battery

① Accelerate oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at cathode

(1) to increase the power density

② Enlarge surface area of cathode

(2) to ensure reversibility (cycle characteristic)

Power density (W/kg) = reaction rate (W/m2) x electrode surface area (m2/kg)① ②

Understanding reaction mechanism, effect of catalyst/solvent

Development of super porous electrode (nano‐carbon, graphene etc.)

Understanding reaction mechanism of charging (resolution of Li2O2)Optimizing cathode structure

(3) to suppress the dendrite growth at Li anode(4) to shut off moisture, CO2 etc. (5) durability, safety, etc.

(From basic to implementation, problems are piled up)

Cathode: 2Li+ + 2e- + O2 ↔ Li2O2Anode: Li ↔ Li+ + e- (E = 3.1 V)

21

Advanced Characterization and Simulation Techniques being developed in NIMS GREEN

Three Programs in TIA Nano-Green Domain: TIA Nano-Green Open Innovation Platform Center of Materials Research for Low Carbon Emission

Global Research center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN)

Dry

Solid‐Gas‐Light

Wet

Solid‐Water‐Light

To see To simulate

Materialsfor Energy Flow from Sunlight

Nanotechnology

Fundamentalsfor Future

10‐year ProgramSponsored by MEXT, Japan2009‐2018, 5M$/y

Dry

Solid‐Gas‐Light

Wet

Solid‐Water‐Light

To see To simulate

Environment CellCharacterization & Simulation

Complex/ Large‐scale computation

Ion dynamicsIon Diffusion, catalytic reaction

DFT, QM/MM, O(N)

Electron dynamicsCharge transfer, redox reactionsTime‐dependent DFT, DFT‐MD

Macroscopic dynamicsNanostructure evolution

Phase‐field method, CL‐MD

LiFePO4TiO2 Solid‐Solid Solid‐GasSolid‐Liquid

Transition Metal Oxides Interface Structure and Reaction

Surface Nanoprobe

High TemperatureGas Atmosphere

Reaction Nano‐analysis

Reaction Nano‐analysis

Structural Nano‐analysis

Structural Nano‐analysis

Confocal STEM

State Nano‐analysis

State Nano‐analysis

Photo‐irradiation

Ultra –clean Field

3‐D Nano‐analysis3‐D Nano‐analysis

Environment Cell

Surface/Interface Dynamic Phenomena under LightSurface/Interface Dynamic Phenomena under Light

Multi‐Characterization

主要な６４大学・公立研究機関

主要な６４大学・公立研究機関

External Funds from Industry ,Patent applications and License Income

企業等からの資金

年 度

獲得

金額

/ 億

円(100M Yen

)

0.1  0.4  0.2  0.3  0.2  0.3  0.3  0.3  0.3  0.4 0.2 0.6 

0.4  0.5  0.6  0.8  0.6  0.8  0.6 1.0 0.7 

0.7 0.5  0.5  0.5 

0.9 0.6  0.6 

1.9 

3.2 

0.0 

0.1 2.7 

4.1 5.5 

4.7  5.5 

8.3 7.0 

6.3 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1  0.1  0.1 

0.1  0.1 

0.1 

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22

寄付 受託研究、財団助成

特許実施料 資金提供型共同研究

クリープ試験

1.11.9

3.9

5.5

6.9 6.8 7.1

10.1 9.9

11.0

NIMS

NIMS

Funds from Industries, etc.

Amou

nt / 100MYen

Fiscal Year 20102001

Reference: University Technology Transfer Survey in FY2010

Num

ber o

f Paten

t ap

plications per 100

researchers

License Income 

（M¥/ 100 researchers）

64 Universities and Public Institutions

64 Universities and Public Institutions

Coalition of Academia around TIA Nano-Green

AIST Univ. of Tsukuba

CMSI2)

(K computer)

EMPA1)-ETH, KIT4 Universities Consortium @

Kawasaki5)(Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo Institute of

Technology, Keio University, WasedaUniversity)

RIKEN

NIMSTIA Nano-Green

Low-Carbon Research Network

・Univ. of Tokyo HubKyoto Univ. Hub

・15 Satellites

TIA Coalition Universities

・Tokyo Univ. of Science・Shibaura Institute of

Technology

1) Federal institute of Switzerland for materials science and technology (A sister institute of NIMS)

2) Computational Material Science Initiative

WMRIF3)

3) World Material Research Institute Forum

KEK4)

4) High Energy Accelerator Research Organization275) 4 universities nano micro fabrication consortium

28

代表的な研究成果

サイアロン蛍光体青色発光ダイオードを用いて効率よく発光させることが可能。「白色LED照明」の材料として、多彩な白色発光を実現。

ニッケル基単結晶超合金民間企業との協力により開発、世界最高耐用温度1100℃を実現。環境負荷低減ジェットエンジン等の高温部材に適用。

ナノシートグラファイト、マイカ等の層状化合物を、層一枚ごとに剥離して得られる新タイプのナノ物質。多くの物質のナノシート合成に成功し、コーティング、記憶媒体等への応用を進める。

Major Research AchievementsMajor Research Achievements

29

Development of new nanofabrication technique based on Nanosheets.

Creation of new materials with superior performancein electronic, magnetic, and chemical  functionalities.

Manufacture of a white light emitting diode (LED) suitable for backlight applications in liquid crystal displays which expand the color reproduction region. 

Superior in durability and high temperature stability.Low power consumption and long lifetime andmercury‐free.

Highly efficient combined cyclepower generation. 

Promising high performance turbineblade for jet engine.

Contribution to energy saving and CO2reduction.

Next Generation Super Alloy

SiAlON Phosphor

Nanosheet

Nanosheet

2.5

00

00.5

0.5

(nm)

The Best Mix of “Open” and “Closed” Open Innovation Area (Open lab.*level)・Information will be shared among TC members・Free license of patents created at the open area

(at a TC) will be given to TC members

Open Innovation Area

NIMS 

Member companies

IP belongs to NIMS(Free license to members)

30

NIMS

Closed Collaborative Research Area

Collaborative Research(Charged)

Participating companies

IP shared by collaborators(Collaborators: Free use of shared IP)(Non-collaborators: charged license)

Best MixBest MixCollaborative

Research(Free of charge)

Closed Collaborative Research Area：・Information will be kept confidential・Patents created jointly are shared by NIMS and participating companies

MeritTo be able to create technology seeds which lead to future business, by working with talented researchers of academia & industry.

MeritTo be able to quickly accomplish a development goal by pursuing confidential and intensive research

Organization Chart of TIA Nano-Green

Executive Board

Steering Board

Secretariat

Open Innovation Initiative

Secretariat

ExecutiveCouncil

TC* TC TC

Chairperson: President of NIMSMembers: One from AIST, and Univ. of Tsukuba, NIMS, 

and one from special members 

TC*:Technology Committee

Suggestion

Suggestion

3

Open Lab

Open Lab

Open Lab

StandardCommittee

(SC)

TIA Nano-Green

・・・・・

Open Lab

Nano Green WG・NIMS・AIST・Univ. of Tsukuba・Special members(all as corporations)

Research themes will be expanded when needed

TC  and SC seminars will be held for the members(Information will be shared  in TIA Nano‐Green)

Acquiring competitive funds (JST, NEDO, etc) by a TC

If standardization is necessary for 

market penetration, SC will be established

Chairperson: Vice President of NIMSMembers: NIMS, AIST, Univ. of Tsukuba, Special members,   

and TC and SC directors

Industrial Committee

Steering Committee

Chairperson: Nominated by Executive Council ChairpersonMembers: Special, ordinary and associate members

・Approval of members・New establishment or revision or abolition of TCs and SCs・Decision of themes of TC and SC・Approval of the roadmap of TC and SC・Approval of the budget of each TC and each SC・Holding TC seminars and SC seminars

Decision

Deliberation

Technologies expected in solving environment and energy problems

32Rare earth free

(Dy etc.)

Fundamental materials

ElectricEnergy

Thermal Energy

Next generationPower transmission

EV/HV

Fuel cell bus

Safe battery

Local power transmission

EV/HV

electrolysisHydrogen

Green Building

PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics

Heat resistance materials

Heat resistance materials

Secondary Battery

Secondary Battery

Fuel CellFuel Cell

EnvironmentalCatalyst

EnvironmentalCatalyst

MagnetMagnet

Artificialphotosynthesis

Artificialphotosynthesis

Thermoelectric Conversion

Thermoelectric Conversion

Super conductivity

Super conductivity

Solar light

Thermal power generation

Mine

Thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

NaturalresourcesRare metal 

free(Platinum etc.)

Solar thermal Power generationSolar thermal 

Power generation

Fuel

2A1. QW film fabrication

World record replacement materials

Surpassing the Tradeoff

2A2. Traditional high ZT materials + organics

Systematic Investigation of

Confinement Effects

Film form→Wide application

Usage of ubiquitousdispersed waste heat

2B1. Film processes 2B2. Cost reduction

High ZT

・Applicative processes

Micro-structure

ＱＷ

BC/SiGe

SrTiO BiTe≈Element strategy:Functionalizing common light

elements

NIMS Micro-structure control

seeds

NIMS Atomic network control

seeds

QW high TE performance films

Confinement Effects

15+ Invited Lectures at Large Int. Conf.

Award

BUT elements

2. High performance TE films

Development of film tech.

Newly installed various film apparatus

1A4. Nano-micro-structure control

electrode

TE

1B2. Electrodes,evaluation techniques

Surpassing the Tradeoff

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

X U Z Y S R TY

E

E= -0.06eV

Y

Z

S

TR

X Y

Z

S

U TR

X

U

U R

1A3. Control of network structure

1B1. Low cost, common constituents, low cost processes

・Elemental strategy: Highly functionalizing common light elements

・Developing mechanisms for high ZT

1A1. Strong correlationNovel Fe compounds

1A2. Band Engineering

Striking properties Control of pn

Enhancing present high ZT materials

・Applicative processes1B3. Module,

jointing

20 year old problem solved

Award

Utilizing NIMS’original seeds

・Helium ionmicroscope

・FIB-SEM・TEM-ARM

Low carbonnetwork

1A5. Fully unexplored materials: Organic, etc.

Novel materials

1. Bi2Te3 replacement materials

MB17CN MB28.5C4MB22C2N

n-type!

n-type!

n-type!

p-type

20+ years

Emin et al. (1984)

Bridgingsites!

MB25e.g

.

Boron carbide (one of few previously commercialized TE)

Discovery of counterpart awaited for more than 20 years!

T. Mori et al.

Example: IA3. Breakthrough achieved by Network structure control

Only intrinsic p-type for boron icosahedral compounds

Intrinsic!

Non-doped, non-optimised “as-is” values:

Novel cage silicides

Silicide but high oxidation resistance up to 1500 K!

Intrinsic low thermal conductivity from “rattling”

Novel homologous oxides

Easy TE property control through Redox

Embedded low thermal conductivity

ZT~0.6@1000 K ZT↑ as T↑ZT>1.5?@1500 K

Indium-free TCO

n-type oxideProperties may be more promising than IZO

Factory waste heat, focused solar power, RTG, etc.

3A1. Bipolaronics 3A2. High temperature conduction

mechanisms 3B2. Cascade modules3B1. Low cost processes(wet, etc.)

Surpassing the tradeoff

also: Promising novel materials

3. High temperature TE

・Applicative processes

3. High temperature

TE

1. Bi2Te3replacementmaterials

Supply of promising new mat.

2. High efficiencyTE films

3. High temp.TE

TargetsNew routes for functionalization

II．Strategy for Thermal Management

Large scale power generation, also RTG

Nano-microstructure control

Award

Seeds＋Strategy＋State of the Art Analysis

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

X U Z Y S R TY

E

E= -0.06eV

Y

Z

S

TR

X Y

Z

S

U TR

X

U

U R

・Band Engineering20 year old problem of pn solved

“Element friendly”

B, C

Oxides

ZT~0.6@1000KZT>1.5?@1500K

Conventional Bi2Te3 systems also

Fe

Strongly correlated

・Confinement effect

Oxidation resistance

Silicides LT～RT～200℃

Surpassing the tradeoff

Increased applicability

Homo-logous

・Development of advanced measurement methodsControl and evaluation of Interface Effects

New methods to control thermal conductivity in materials

・Novel principles

・Field activated thermal conductivity

Symmetry Mismatch EffecAtomic dumbells, etc.

I. Strategy for developing TE materials for wide-scale application

NIMS: The “One-stop World Center” for

Advanced Materials Development

Previous problems: 1. Projects were vertically structured 2. NP was too “early” Nanotech + rapid developments in materials science

NIMS seeds!

Time is ripe fora Breakthrough (Novel material synthesis・Analysis・Process)

Worldwiderace now ignited!

Novel principles and effective methods to control TCFor example:

k>

b) Rattling not limited to cages

c) “Symmetry Mismatch

Effect”

d) Disorder in networke) Atomic Pairs

a) Crystal complexity

Ref: T. Mori in: Modules, Systems and Applications, (Taylor & Francis, London, 2012 in press) .

Nano-microstructure control: grain engineering/phonon

Large pulse current

eg. SPS

High power8000 AHigh pressure12 ton press

~2400 oC

Fine powder

Fine microstructure

e.g. 600K/mi

Exampl

e

Applicationadditives ・Helium ion

microscope・FIB-SEM・TEM ARM

Low carbon network

II. Strategy for Thermal Management

II.1 Advanced measurement and evaluation methods for thermal conductivity

II.2 Advanced control over heat

II.1 Novel principles

II.2 Environment modulated thermal conductivity

II.3 Interfaces (hybrid materials, coating)

Foundation!

Development of environment modulated thermal materials

Basics of thermal conductivity measurement

RT(25C)

1000C

Temperature

Scale

Interface,film

Fiber, film, sheet

nm mm mm

Plate, bulk, multilayer

ω , 2ω

LaserPIT

ai-Phase

Laser Flash

NIMS seeds:Evaluation of Thermal Boundary Resistance

基板

T(0)AC: q,w Film

Interface

Heating mode 1:Current heating

Heating mode 2:Cyclical heating

Thermo-reflectancemethod (surface temp.)

TA;

dCC

RC

eQdcosT

f

f

ss

ff

ss

i

A

1

2 0

4

f

f

ss

ff dCC

RR

10

Y. Xu, R. Kato, M. Goto, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 104317 (2010)R. Kato, Y. Xu, M. Goto: Jpn, J. Appl. Phys. in press.

NBCI-TIAナノグリーン検討会

Prediction of Thermal Boundary Resistance

• Mechanism of thermal boundary resistance: Phonon scattering and reflectanceModelling and calculation Dependence on Debye temperature

44

TIA Nano-Green Membership １．Classification and duty of membership and major commodities

< Industry member>* Special Member：to take a part in operation of TIA Nano Green by participating in Steering

Committee, to attend TC and SC meetings, free participation in 3 TCs, can send 3 persons for each OL, and free license of IPs created in the participating Open Lab

* Ordinary Member：to give advices on operation of TIA Nano Green by participating in Industrial Committee, to attend TC and SC meetings, free participation in 1 TC, can send 2 persons for each TC, and free license of IPs created in the participating Open Lab

* Associate Member：(limited to the companies with capital of less than 100 million JPY)to participate a research in Open Innovation AreaFree participation in 1 TC, can send one person to one OL, and free license of IPs created in the participating Open Lab

* Basic Member：to obtain information from Open Innovation AreaAttendance in TC seminars and SC seminars

<National Institutes and University members>* Academia Member: to engage in operation of TC and SC and free participation in TCs, number of

persons to participate in an Open Lab is subject of discussion２．Membership fee and fees to join an additional TC

* Special Member: 20 million JPY/year and 5 million JPY/year per additional (from 4th) TC* Ordinary Member: 10 million JPY/year and 5 million JPY/year per additional (from 2nd) TC* Associate Member: 3 million JPY/year (limited to the companies with a capital of less than

100 million JPY) and 3 million JPY/year per additional (from 2nd) TC * Basic Member: 2 million JPY/year (1 million JPY/year for the companies with a capital of less

than 100 million JPY) * Academia Member: No charge

45

A Goal of TIA Nano-GreenContribution to the establishment of a low-carbon society on the foundation of environmental technology accumulated by the National Institute for Materials Science

45

NIMS, as core institute, and AIST, Univ. of Tsukuba, and industries collaborates under open-innovation environment on research and development of high-efficiency, low-cost, low resource restrictive and innovative solar power generation materials, high-performance energy conversion and storage materials (such as fuel cells, thermoelectric conversion materials, secondary cells, energy saving magnetic materials etc.), and environmental reclamation materials with a light environmental burden.

Establishment of innovative material technology for environment and energy

to create a low carbon societySecondary

Cell

Environmentalreclamation

Thermoelectric conversion

Utilizingnanotechnology

NIMS

Industries

AIST University of Tsukuba

Nano-GreenBreakthrough in material

technology

Improving fundamental and generic/infrastructural technologyMaterial development by basic comprehension and control of phenomenaStrong cooperation and fusion in theoretical calculations and experimentsComprehending surface and interface phenomena, and reinforcing control technology for them

EV mortor

Next-generation auto material

Dye-sensitized solar cell

Fuel cell

Solar power generation

Aircraft jet engine

Heat‐resistantmaterial

Energy Saving Magnetic Materials

TIA Nano-Green Membership

461) One person from each company (representing the company) can participate in a TC2) Nomination by the chairperson of the executive council is required

Member Special Ordinary Associate Basic Academia

Enrollment limit Limited - - - -

Membership fee/year 20 million 10 million - 2 million -

Membership fee/year (for companies with capital of less than

100 million JPY)- 10 million 3 million 1 million -

the steering committee Yes No No No No

the industrial committee Yes Yes No No No

the TC/SC Seminars Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Free participation in a TC1) Yes Yes Yes No Yes

Annual fee to join an additional TC 5 million/TC 5 million/TC 3 million/TC - -

Can be TC and SC chair person2) Yes Yes No No Yes

TC and SC open lab Yes Yes Yes No Yes

Number of researcher for each open lab 3 2 1 - negotiable

Acquisition of a doctoral degree Yes Yes Yes - Yes

Use of RA system of NIMS Cooperative Graduate Program Yes Yes Yes No Yes

Use of patents created at Open Lab (OL)

(Non-exclusive licensing arrangement)

Free licensing of patents created in Participating

OL

Free licensing of patents created in Participating

OL

Free licensing of patents created in Participating

OL

Charged

Free licensing only for

research and education purpose

(Money mount is before-tax value)