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Tsunami Glossary
active volcanoAn active volcano
is one that haserupted in
recorded historyor is currently
erupting.
aftershockAftershocks are
smallearthquakes that
occur after alarge
earthquake.
avalanche
An avalanche is a alarge mass of fallingand/or sliding
material. Avalanchescan be composed ofrock, snow, soil, or
ice. Volcaniceruptions can cause
avalanches.
bathypelagicBathypelagic
means of,pertaining to, orliving in the deep
ocean near thebottom.
buoy
A buoyis a
floatingdevicethat is
tetheredto thesea
floor.Buoys
canmark anoffshorelocation,warn ofdanger,or showa ship
where anavigabl
echannel
is.
Top of Form
Forward BackwardBottom of Form
continental driftContinental drift is the movement of
the Earth's continents. The landmasses are hunks of Earth's crustthat float on the molten core. Theideas of continental drift and the
existence of a supercontinent(Pangaea) were presented by AlfredWegener in 1915.
continental platesThe crust of the Earthisbroken into plates.
The plates areenormous chunks ofrock that float atopthe soft mantle. The
plates are moving at aspeed that has beenestimated at 1 to 10
cm per year.Continental plates arethicker, older, and less
dense than oceanic
plates. These platesare about 125
kilometers thick andare made of granite
that is about 3 billionyears old.
continent
al shelfThe
continentalshelf is thepart of theocean floornext to each
of thecontinents.
The seafloor slopesgraduallyfrom the
continent toa depth ofabout 650feet (200
m). Beyondthe
continentalshelf thesea floor
drops
steeply.
Backto thePlane
ts
Moreon
Volcanos
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crestThe crest of a waveis its highest point. crust
The Earth's crust is itsoutermost, rocky layer.
currentA current is anon-periodic
horizontal
movement ofwater. Currentsare caused by
winds,temperaturedifferentials,
and otherforces. They areNOT caused bytidal forces (the
gravitationalforces of the
Moon and Sun).Some major
currents includethe Gulf Streamin the AtlanticOcean and the
HumboldtCurrent in thePacific Ocean.
debrisavalanche
A debris
avalanche is asudden
rock/soil/debrisslide and flowswith great speedfrom a volcano.
drawbackDrawback is a
phenomenon inwhich the oceanrecedes before atsunami strikes a
coast.
earthquakeAn earthquake is a
sudden, violentmovement of the
earth's crust.
epicenterThe epicenter is thepoint on the Earth's
surface directlyabove the place that
an earthquakeoccured.
eruptionAn eruption is
volcanic activityin which lava,
tephra, or gasesare released.
frequencyThe frequency of
a wave is thenumber of times
that a wave isproduced within
a time period.
guyotA guyot is aflat-topped,
underseamountain (aseamount)
formed from avolcano.
hotspotA hot spot is a anarea in the Earth's
lithosphere throughwhich magma
(molten rock) rises.Volcanoes oftenerupt over hot
spots.
KrakatoaKrakatoa is a composite
volcano located inIndonesia. On August 26,
1883 Krakatoa eruptedviolently, destroying mostof the volcano and killingthousands of people. This
was one of the biggestvolcanic eruptions in
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modern times.
K-T
extinctionThe K-T
extinction wasthe mass
extinction thatoccurred 65million years
ago, at theboundary of theCretaceous and
Tertiary periods.
lahar
A lahar (alsocalled a mudflowor debris flow) isa moving mixture
of rock, water,and other debristhat falls downthe slopes of a
volcano and/or ariver valley.Lahar is an
Indonesian word
lavaLava is moltenrock. It usuallycomes out of
eruptingvolcanoes.
magnitudeThe intensity of an
earthquake is described by anumber in the Richter scale,called the magnitude. The
magnitude of an earthquakeis calculated from the
logarithm of the amplitude ofwaves recorded by
seismographs. A magnitude2.0 or less earthquake is
called a microearthquake andis not felt by people. A
magnitude 4.5 or moreearthquake can be measuredby seismographs all over the
world. Tsunamis can becaused by undersea
earthquakes of magnitude7.5 or greater.
maremotoMaremoto is
the Spanishword fortsunami.
meteor
A meteor is a meteoroidthat has entered the Earth's
atmosphere, usuallymaking a fiery trail as it
falls. It is sometimes calleda shooting star. Most burnup before hitting the Earth.
meteoriteA meteorite is ameteor that hasfallen to Earth.Meteorites are
either stone, iron,or stony-iron.
meteoroidMeteoroids aretiny stones or
pieces of metalthat travel
through space.
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nereticPertaining to theshallowwaters
near theshore
over thecontinental shelf.
oceanAn ocean is a vast body of salt water.
Oceans cover more than three-quartersof the surface of the Earth. The oceanson Earth include the Pacific Ocean, the
Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, andthe Arctic Ocean. The ocean floors are
composed mostly ofbasalt.
oceanic platesThe crust of theEarthisbrokeninto plates. The
plates areenormous
chunks of rockthat float atop
the soft mantle.The plates aremoving at a
speed that hasbeen estimatedat 1 to 10 cm per
year. Oceanicplates (thosethat are underthe ocean) are
thinner,
younger, anddenser thancontinental
plates. Theseunderwater
plates are about75 kilometersthick and are
made of basaltrock. They are
relatively youngsince plateformation(seafloor
spreading)occurs at themargins of
oceanic plates.
oceanographerA
oceanographe
r is a scientistwho studies
oceans.
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periodPeriod isthe time
between
twosuccessi
vewaves.
platesThe crust of the Earthis
broken into plates. The platesare enormous chunks of rock
that float atop the soft
mantle. The plates aremoving at a speed that has
been estimated at 1 to 10 cmper year. Oceanic plates(those that are under the
ocean) are thinner and denserthan continental plates.
Top of Form
Forward BackwardBottom of Form
plate tectonicsPlate tectonics is the now-
established theory thatchunks oftheEarth's crust (plates) float on
the surface and change bothposition and size over time.
raz-de-
mare
Raz-de-
mareis the
Frenchwordfor
tsunami.
Richter,Charles F.
Charles FrancisRichter (April
26, 1900- April30, 1985) was awho developed
the Richter scale,a logarithmic
scale thatmeasures the
intensity of anearthquake. He
developed it in1935 at theCaliforniaInstitute of
Technology.
Richter scaleThe Richter scale is a
logarithmic scale thatmeasures the intensity
of an earthquake. Itwas developed in 1935by Charles F. Richter.The magnitude of an
earthquake iscalculated from the
logarithm of theamplitude of waves
recorded by
seismographs.BenoGutenberg alsocontributed to the moregeneral application ofthe Richter scale. A
magnitude 2.0 or lessearthquake is called a
microearthquake and is
riftA rift (or
graben)is a
valleybetween
twofaults.
ring of fireThe ring of fire is an area
around the Pacific Ocean thatis high in volcanic,
mountain-building, andseismic activity.
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not felt by people. Amagnitude 4.5 or more
earthquake can bemeasured by
seismographs all over
the world.
rockA rock is an aggregationof solid matter, a random
conglomerate ofminerals. The earth'scrust is made of rock.
There are three types ofrock: igneous,
sedimentary, andmetamorphic. Petrologyis the scientific study of
rocks.
rock cycleThe rock cycle
decribes therelationship betweenigneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphicrocks. James Hutton
(1727-1797) first
developed theconcept of the rockcycle.
runoffRunoff is water (orother liquids) that
drains or flowsfrom the land intostreams and rivers,and eventually intothe seas. The water
is generally fromrain or snowpackmelt.
runupRunup is theheight of thewater pushed
onshore(above
normal sealevel) after a
tsunami.
Seiche (saysh): a series of standing waves (sloshing action) of an enclosed bodyor partially enclosed body of water caused by earthquake shaking. Seiche actioncan affect harbors, bays, lakes, rivers, and canals.
seafloor spreadingSeafloor spreading is themovement of two oceanicplates away from each
other, which results in theformation of new oceanic
crust and a mid-ocean
ridge.
sea levelSea level is
the normallevel of thesea's
surface,halfway
betweenmean highand low
tide levels.
seamountA seamount is an
underwatermountain that risesat least 1000 metersabove the sea floor.
Some seamountsrise above the
water's surface.Most seamounts arevolcanic in orgin;
only a few are non-volcanic (caused by
uplifting).
seicheA seiche is a series
of standing wavesin an enclosed (orpartially enclosed)body of water, like
a lake, bay, orriver. The seichewaves are caused
by an earthquake orlandlide and cause
water to sloshalong the shore.
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seismographA seismographis a device that
records andmeasures
seismic waves(vibrations in the
Earth), likethose from
earthquakes.
spreadingridge
A spreadingridge is an
area of theocean floor
in which newcrust is being
formed asmagmaerupts.
subductionA subduction is a phenomenon inwhich one part of the Earth's crust
(a plate) is pushed underneathanother plate as two platescollide. The descending crust
melts as it is pushed deep into theEarth's mantle. Subduction
destroys crust and recycles it backinto the mantle.
subductionzone
A subductionzone is an areaon a planet's
crust in whichthe edge of an
oceaniccontinental
plateis beingpushed beneath
another plate.
tectonicactivity
Tectonicactivity is
the shiftingof a planet's
surfacebecause of
changesdeep insidethe body.
Earthquakes,fissures,rifts, and
volcanoesare someresults oftectonicactivity.
tidalwave
Tidal waveis an
incorrectterm thatrefers to atsunami.
tideA tide is a periodic rise and fall of
large bodies of water. Tides arecaused by the gravitational
interaction between the Earth andthe Moon. The gravitational
attraction of the moon causes theoceans to bulge out in the directionof the moon. Another bulge occurs
on the opposite side, since theEarth is also being pulled toward
the moon (and away from the wateron the far side). Since the earth isrotating while this is happening,two tides occur each day.Isaac
troughThe trough of a
wave is its lowestpoint.
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Newton was the first person toexplain tides scientifically.
tsunamiA tsunami (alsocalled a seismicsea wave) is a
huge wave, causedby underseaearthquakes,
volcanic eruptions,or, more rarely, by
asteroid or
meteoroid impact(as in the case of
the K-Textinction).
volcanicseamountA volcanic
seamount is anunderwatervolcano that
rises at least 50-100 m abovethe sea floor.
Someseamounts rise
above thewater's surface.
volcanoA volcano is a place onthe Earth's surface (orany other planet's or
moon's surface) wheremolten rock, gases and
pyroclastic debris eruptthrough the earth's crust.Volcanoes vary quite a
bit in their structure -some are cracks in theearth's crust where lava
erupts, and some aredomes, shields, or
mountain-like structureswith a crater at the
summit. Some types ofvolcanoes include:
caldera, cinder cone,hornito, lava dome, maar,
mud volcano,shieldvolcano, spatter cone,and stratovolcano. Theword volcano is from
Latin; it comes from theancient Romans god offire and metalworking,
Vulcan.
waveMost waves arecaused by the
wind. Tsunamiwaves are causedby the underseadisplacement of ahuge volume ofwater caused by
an earthquake,volcano, rock
slide, etc.
wavelengthThe wavelength of a waves is the distance from
crest to crest or from trough to trough.
vulcanologistA vulcanologist is a scientist
who studies volcanoes.
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The map of the Earth is always changing; not only are the underlying platesmoving, but the plates change in size. Also, the sea level changes over time (asthe temperature on Earth varies and the poles melt or freeze to varied extents),covering or exposing different amounts of crust.
Earth's Major Plates:
The current continental and oceanic plates include: the Eurasian plate,Australian-Indian plate, Philippine plate, Pacific plate, Juan de Fuca plate,
Nazca plate, Cocos plate, North American plate, Caribbean plate, South
American plate, African plate, Arabian plate, the Antarctic plate, and theScotia plate. These plates consist of smaller sub-plates.
PLATE TECTONICS
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The theory of plate tectonics (meaning "platestructure") was developed in the 1960's. Thistheory explains the movement of the Earth's
plates (which has since been documented
scientifically) and also explains the cause ofearthquakes, volcanoes, oceanic trenches,mountain range formation, and many othergeologic phenomenon.
The plates are moving at a speed that has beenestimated at 1 to 10 cm per year. Most of theEarth's seismic activity (volcanoes andearthquakes) occurs at the plate boundaries asthey interact.
Thetoplayerof the
Earth's surface is called the crust (itlies on top of the plates). Oceanic
crust (the thin crust under theoceans) is thinner and denser than continental crust. Crust is constantly beingcreated and destroyed; oceanic crust is more active than continental crust.
Under the crust is the rocky mantle, which is composed of silicon, oxygen,magnesium, iron, aluminum, and calcium. The upper mantle is rigid and is partof the lithosphere (together with the crust). The lower mantle flows slowly, ata rate of a few centimeters per year. The asthenosphere is a part of the uppermantle that exhibits plastic properties. It is located below the lithosphere (thecrust and upper mantle), between about 100 and 250 kilometers deep.
TYPES OF PLATE MOVEMENT: Divergence, Convergence, andLateral SlippingAt the boundaries of the plates, various deformations occur as the platesinteract; they separate from one another (seafloor spreading), collide (formingmountain ranges), slip past one another (subduction zones, in which platesundergo destruction and remelting), and slip laterally.
Type ofCrust
AverageThicknes
s
Average
Ag
e
MajorComponent
ContinentalCrust
20-80
kilomete
rs
3billionyears
Granite
Oceanic Crust
10kilomete
rs
Generally70to100
millionyearsold
Basalt
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ALFRED WEGENER AND PANGAEA
Divergent Plate Movement: SeafloorSpreadingSeafloor spreading is the movement of twooceanic plates away from each other (at a
divergent plate boundary), which results in the formationof new oceanic crust (from magma that comes from withinthe Earth's mantle) along a a mid-ocean ridge. Where theoceanic plates are moving away from each other is called a zone ofdivergence. Ocean floor spreading was first suggested by Harry Hess andRobert Dietz in the 1960's.
ConvergentPlateMovement:When two plates
collide (at a convergent plate boundary), some crust isdestroyed in the impact andthe plates become smaller.The results differ, depending upon what types of
plates are involved.Oceanic Plate and Continental Plate - When a
thin, dense oceanic plate collides with a relatively light, thick continentalplate, the oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate; this phenomenonis called subduction.
Two Oceanic Plates - When two oceanic plates collide, one may be pushedunder the other and magma from the mantle rises, forming volcanoes in thevicinity.
Two Continental Plates - When two continental plates collide, mountainranges are created as the colliding crust is compressed and pushed upwards.
Lateral Slipping Plate Movement:When two plates move sideways against each other (at a transform
plate boundary), there is a tremendous amount of friction whichmakes the movement jerky. The plates slip, then stick as the
friction and pressure build up to incredible levels. When the pressure isreleased suddenly, and the plates suddenly jerk apart, this is an earthquake.
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Read the definitions, then label the diagram below.
Definitions
ash cloud - an ash cloud is the cloud of ash
that forms in the air after some volcaniceruptions.
conduit - a conduit is a passage through whichmagma (molten rock) flows in a volcano.
crust - the crust is Earth's outermost, rockylayer.
lava - lava is molten rock; it usually comes outof erupting volcanoes.
magma chamber - a magma chamber contains
magma (molten rock) deep within the Earth'scrust.
side vent - a side vent is a vent in the side of avolcano.
vent - a vent is an opening in the Earth's surfacethrough which volcanic materials erupt.
Tsunami Activities: Printouts, Quizzes, and other Activities
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geology/label/outerlayers/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/activities/radiobuttonquiz/Tectonicspz.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/activities/findit/qtectonics.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/http://oz.plymouth.edu/~biology/history/wegener.htmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/mesozoic/Jurassic.htmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/Contdrift.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/mesozoic/triassic/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/activities/radiobuttonquiz/Tectonicspz.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/activities/findit/qtectonics.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/geology/label/outerlayers/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geology/label/seafloorspreading/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geology/label/subduction/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/8/4/2019 Tsunami Glossary
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Tsunami:Cloze
ActivityPrintout
Fill in theblanks (usinga word bank)in a passage
abouttsunamis.
Answers
Tsunami QuizPrintout
Take a 10-question quizon tsunamis -circle the rightanswers. Orgoto the answers.
Tsunami WarningPrintout
A printout on warningsigns of a tsunami.
TsunamiPrintable Book
A short, printable book abouttsunamis for fluent readers.
Tsunami Origin
Label Me! PrintoutLabel the parts of a
wave, the direction ofwater column
movement, and oceanicplate movement.
Answers
Tsunami Hitting the
CoastLabel Me! PrintoutLabel the parts of a
wave, sea level, and therunup.
Answers
Ocean andSeas:
Label Me!
PrintoutLabel the
oceans andmajor seas of
the Earth.Answers
The Great WaveOff Kanagawa
Color a page of theGreat Wave OffKanagawa by the
Japanese painter andprintmaker
Katsushika Hokusai(from the 1700s).
Ring of Fire Map: LabelMe! Printout Ring of Fire Continental
Ring of Fire: Outline MapPrintout
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/earth/tectonics.htmlhttp://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/earth/tectonics.htmlhttp://hypertextbook.com/facts/ZhenHuang.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/cloze/general.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/cloze/generalanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/warningprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/warningprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/book/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/book/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/origin/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/origin/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/origin/answers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/hittingcoast/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/hittingcoast/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/hittingcoast/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/hittingcoast/answers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/labelanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/artists/hokusai/coloring/wave.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/artists/hokusai/coloring/wave.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/label/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/label/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/outlinemapringoffire/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/outlinemapringoffire/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/outlinemapringoffire/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/label/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/artists/hokusai/coloring/wave.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/hittingcoast/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/origin/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/book/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/warningprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/cloze/general.shtmlhttp://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1991/6/91.06.05.x.htmlhttp://www.sci.monash.edu.au/msc/dinodream/faq/faqgond.htmlhttp://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/earth/tectonics.htmlhttp://hypertextbook.com/facts/ZhenHuang.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/cloze/general.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/cloze/general.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/cloze/general.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/cloze/generalanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/quizanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/warningprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/warningprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/warningprintout.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/book/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/book/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/book/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/origin/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/origin/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/origin/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/origin/answers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/hittingcoast/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/hittingcoast/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/hittingcoast/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/label/hittingcoast/answers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/language/english/label/oceans/labelanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/artists/hokusai/coloring/wave.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/artists/hokusai/coloring/wave.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/artists/hokusai/coloring/wave.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/label/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/label/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/label/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/outlinemapringoffire/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/outlinemapringoffire/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/outlinemapringoffire/8/4/2019 Tsunami Glossary
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Label the oceans andcontinents surrounding the
Ring of Fire.Answers
Plates Map: Label Me!Printout
Label the continentalplates near the Ring of
Fire.
Answers
An outline map of the Ring ofFire to print. The Ring of Fireis the seismically active areaon the margins of the Pacific
Ocean.
Major Tsunamis
Tsunamis occur in oceans, seas, and large bodies of water;
ninety percent of tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean. Some
of the world's largest tsunamis include:
65 million years ago Chicxulub crater at the tip of Mexico'sYucatn Peninsula -- Caused by a meteoroid impact. This
impact and tsunami may have triggered the K-T massextinction (which wiped out the terrestrial dinosaurs and manyother organisms).
1490 B.C. Greece (Aegean Sea) -- Tsunami caused by theeruption/collapse of the volcano of Santorini. This tsunami mayhave caused the end of the Minoan civilization in Greece.
January 26, 1700 - Japan (Pacific Ocean) -- Tsunami causedby an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 off the western coast ofVancouver Island, Canada.
August 26, 1883 Indonesia -- Tsunami caused by theeruption/collapse of the volcano Krakatoa. Almost 40,000people died.
June 15, 1896 Honshu, Japan -- 28,000 people killed.
November 18, 1929 Grand Banks, Canada (Atlantic Ocean) --Tsunami caused by an offshore earthquake of magnitude 7.2.27 people died.
April 1, 1946 Aleutian Islands, Alaska (Pacific Ocean) --Tsunami caused by an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 in the
Aleutian Islands of Alaska. Over 170 people died. November 4, 1952 Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia (Pacific
Ocean) -- Tsunami caused by an earthquake of magnitude 8.2off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia). No lives lost.
March 9, 1957 Aleutian Islands, Alaska (Pacific Ocean) --Tsunami caused by an earthquake of magnitude 8.3 that
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/label/labelanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/labelanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/K-T.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/K-T.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/label/labelanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/ringoffire/labelplates/labelanswers.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/K-T.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/K-T.shtml8/4/2019 Tsunami Glossary
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occurred south of the Andreanof Islands (in the Aleutian Islandsof Alaska). No lives lost.
July 9, 1958 Lituya Bay, Alaska -- Tsunami caused by alandslide. Initial wave up to 520 meters ( 1,720 feet) high
traveling at 160 kph (100 mph). May 22, 1960 Chile (Pacific Ocean) -- Tsunami caused by an
earthquake of magnitude 8.3 that occurred off the coast ofSouth Central Chile. Up to 2,290 people died (due to theEarthquake and tsunami).
March 28, 1964 Prince Williams Sound, Alaska (Pacific Ocean)-- Tsunami caused by an an earthquake of magnitude 8.4 inPrince William Sound (Alaska). 122 people died.
November 29, 1975 Hawaii (Pacific Ocean) -- Tsunami
caused by an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 (and subsequentrock slide). 2 people died.
Ssptember 1, 17, 1992 Nicaragua (Pacific Ocean) -- Tsunamicaused by an offshore earthquake of magnitude 7.0. About 200people killed.
July 17, 1998 Papua-New Guinea -- Tsunami caused by anunderwater landslide that was triggered by an earthquake.
Thousands of people killed.
June 23, 2001 Southern Peru (Pacific Ocean) -- Tsunami
caused by an earthquake. December 26, 2004 Indonesia, W Thailand, Sri Lanka, SE
India (Indian Ocean) -- Tsunami caused by an earthquake ofmagnitude 9.0 in the southern Indian Ocean. About 150,000people died in the tsunamis.
Label the Origin of a
TsunamiMore Tsunami Activities
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/activities.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/tsunami/activities.shtml8/4/2019 Tsunami Glossary
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Word Bank:
Column of Water Drops with Seafloor
Column of Water Rises with Seafloor
Crest
Oceanic Plate Drops
Oceanic Plate Rises
Sea level
Trough
The Development of a Tsunami:A tsunami starts when a huge volume of water is quickly shifted. This rapid
movement can happen as the result of an underwater earthquake (when the seafloor quickly moves up or down), a rock slide, a volcanic eruption, or anotherhigh-energy event.
After the huge volume of water has moved, the resulting wave is very long (thedistance from crest to crest can be hundred of miles long) but not very tall(roughly 3 feet tall). The wave propagates (spreads) across the sea in alldirections; it can travel great distances from the source at tremendous speeds.
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