TYPES OF DISORDERS

- ANXIETY- MOOD

TODAY’S OBJECTIVES• Identify the behavioral patterns

that psychologists label as anxiety disorders.• Explain what causes anxiety

disorders.• Describe several theories that try

to explain mood disorders.

ANXIETY• A general state of dread or uneasiness

that a person feels in response to a real or imagined danger

• Intense anxiety may interfere with normal life

• Most common type of mental illness in the US– Affects nearly 40 million Americans

• Disorder: involves fears that are uncontrollable, disproportionate to the actual danger and disruptive of ordinary life http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Cr7IomSy8s

ANXIETY DISORDERS• Characterized by unrealistic anxiety• Feature motor tension (jumpiness),

hyperactivity (racing heart, dizziness) and apprehensive expectations and thoughts

• 5 major types:1. Generalized anxiety disorder

2. Panic Disorder3. Phobia Disorder

4. Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder5. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

GENERALIZED ANXIETY• Different from everyday feelings of

anxiety• Persistent anxiety for at least six

months – Unable to pinpoint reasons for

anxiety• Nervous most of the time• Takes a physical toll– Suffer from fatigue, tension,

stomach problems, difficulty sleeping

SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER• Also called social phobia• Excessive fear of social

situations• Characterized by extreme self-

consciousness• Distorted thinking, false

beliefs and negative opinions of others

http://www.webmd.com/balance/video/too-scared-social-anxiety-disorder

PANIC DISORDER• Recurrent, sudden onsets of

intense apprehension or terror– Often with no specific cause

• Physical: chest pains, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a feeling of helplessness

• Celebrities: Darwin, Kim Basinger

• Women are twice as likely to suffer than men– Different hormone levels, coping

differently http://health.discovery.com/tv-shows/specials/videos/anxious-shellys-panic-attacks.htm

PHOBIA DISORDERS• Irrational, overwhelming

persistent fear of an object or situation – Interferes with daily life

• People go to great lengths to avoid the thing causing the phobia

• EX: John Madden – fear of flying– Takes a bus to every game

• Behaviorists: learned phobia– Event happen to make one afraid

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xge49FuX5v4 http://now.msn.com/eric-berry-of-the-kansas-city-chiefs-is-afraid-of-horses

COMMON PHOBIAS• Acrophobia: fear of high

places• Aerophobia: fear of flying• Arachnophobia: fear of

spiders• Claustrophobia: fear of

enclosed spaces• Hydrophobia: fear of water• Thanatophobia: Fear of dying

OBSESSIVE – COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)

• Anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation

• Obsession: recurrent thoughts• Compulsion: recurrent behaviors– Ritualistic acts that relieve the

obsessions (thoughts)• Ex: Howie Mandel, Leo Dicaprio, David

Beckhamhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSZNnz9SM4g

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)

• Anxiety that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that has overwhelmed one’s ability to cope

• Symptoms: flashbacks, avoidance, reduced emotions, difficulty w/ memory, impulsive outbursts

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_H_mAm4a4s

http://www.oprah.com/own-super-soul-sunday/Brian-Mancinis-Battle-with-Post-Traumatic-Stress-Disorder-Video_1

MOOD DISORDERS• Psychological disorders in

which there is a primary disturbance of MOOD

• Prolonged emotion that colors the individual's entire emotional state

• Includes cognitive, behavioral, and physical symptoms

• 2 main types: depressive, and bipolar disorder

DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS• Mood disorder in which one

suffers from DEPRESSION– An unrelenting lack of pleasure

in life• Severity varies• Ex: Sheryl Crow, Eric Clapton,

Jim Carrey• Major Depressive Disorder:

involves significant depressive episodes (2 weeks or more)

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER• 9 symptoms:– Depressed mood most of the day– Reduced interests in activities– Weight loss or gain– Trouble sleeping – Lethargy– Loss of energy– Feeling of worthless or guilt– Problems thinking or concentrating– Recurrent thoughts of suicide or death– No history of manic episode (euphoric

mood)

• More likely to happen in women

BIPOLAR DISORDER• Ups and downs in life take

an extreme and often harmful tone

• Characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania– MANIA: overexcited,

unrealistically optimistic state• Manic state is followed by

depressive episode