1
The Peacez Settlements Ap il l 6. l17-- Regultar Army ............... National Ouard in Federal {er> aeserve (orps in service.... Total of soldies ... Peronnel of na vy ..... Marine Corps ........ . Total armed forces.... Nov. Ii, 1l- Army ...................... Navy . ........... ........... Marine Co-ps .................. Totl ame foce . Total armed forees :.... Soldiers transported oversea Amn4rian troops in action, Nov. 11. 191t.............. Soldiers in camps in the tnl- ted States. Nov. 11, 191S ... Casualties, Artmy and Ma- rine Corp. A. V, P... Death iate per thousand, A. A. F ..... .......... Germant prisoners taken.... Americans decorated by British. French, Belgian nd Italian Artoes. about N mber of men registered ind. classified tunder se- lecive service law...... Cost of thirty-two National Army cantonments and National Ouarld camps.... Students' enrolled tn B»0 S. A. T. C. eamps............ Officers commissioned from training camps (exelusive of universities. &c.).. W.omen engagedV in Govern- ment war industries ...... . BlHIND THE BAT'TLEI ' allway locomotives sent to France................. F relght <ars asent to France. .ocolmotves of toreign ori- i . gtoperatoi b A. B. F... :Cars of forign orgin .p-. - erateld by A. Ei. ........ M . . lee of standard gauge . track laid in .Frariie ..... Waro ouse : . approlintatg ares in fuare fet........ .RM. ' 'e .... A1..... . " .e A R ..... A .. T.. ......... A MWLWTN and more than 15,000 men in the tc '*46B British merchant marine had lost 4'<M, U their lives through enemy action. -- The United States lost 145 Ameri- 2 1 4 can passenger and merchant vessels 1a.~ of 354,449 gross tons. In this destrue- - tion 775 lives were lost. - 293: The ship eonstruction during this period was 10,849,527 gross tons, while '4.iS .t enemy shipping amounting to 2,892, .... 7s,01 676 gross tons was eaptured, so that -- ==„: the net lossof allef and neutral tonage was 1,584 gross to . ati47 'The neutral loes aounted to about 2,000000 tons, the chief suf- i, feers being Holland and NorWay. IW, GROWTH OF NATIONAL DEBTS 3 The Mechanics and Metals Bank of .l57 New York issued a statement showing 44*t, the debts of the leading nations at the beginning and else of the war, which lo.00o is herewith summarized: GrosaDebtof Aug. 1, 1114. Jan. 1, X119. t 7axO O< U·. 8 ....... $I,600,,01n. O $21. ( 0,001,000 G*I*,'.0 (3t. Britain.. 3,.I 0 .OW.000.1 40,0wl.w00.000 France ....... ,50,00, 0 30 tl, t 0X,0 l00 t179,29,497 Russia ...... 4,60..000.000 27,X,10,1)0 Italy ........ 2,800.00,000 12 .i0t0. . Entente na- tions ... $18,40,(t04,000 f$ltl,0000i,0W000 tier man Emp. · * .- "'" 'and States.. I.2tiN(,0l0o.0t» 40f.L/001,000. Austria-Hun- . !.a, > -gary .... .,7O0,000,45 24.0 ,000.0( Teutonie na- * n . ttons.. $l..S.. ik).i $ 19.9}.,0000,00w W 1.-174 Gross debt ... $2<>i.lKf>isi.t» $,i<4.0x0.0XN»,afn 550a rto » '-at I.f B Roun4' of small arm am- mut i. i -n ...... ,.: 2.t8 Machtuie gus*and automatic rifles ; .... .. ' .. ,.... Higb explosive shells-... . Gs a shells .. ............. .. . . Shrapnel .................. , 'las masks, 'extra canisters, and horse malsks.,..... . NAVY AND MERCHANT SI;l * Warshps at .beginning of war.a ...... . ........ 'Warships at end of war..- -Small boats bullt........ , Submarine chasers built.... · Merchant ships armed...... Naal bares In Huropean waters and the Azores.... . Shipbuilding yards (meN- t hant marine) increased from 61 to moree than 200. Shipbuilding ways increased from 23~5 to more than ered to Shipping end of 1918.:,... tonnage of ships i . - , j < . . .. S OF VTBH wVA ,ximatelyi, .$24,. n in 19t.,. 3,5 ty ia .... 14,0 Mps to .&o- esilmated.. 4,9 THE **"FOURTEEN POINTS" In an address to Congress, Jan. 8, ·. v 1918, President Wilson enunciated ooto fourteen points which he regarded as the onl possible basti of an enduring i)000 peace. Theywere as follows: . . , Open covienanfts nf peaee opnly ar- ried at, after which the-e 'hall be no private international understandings of { 0i, a*ny kind, -but diplomay shall proceed'*il- ways frankly andl n the public view. 2 0*0 Ii. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike Tla48.0 in peace and in war: exeept as the seas may be closed in whole or In part by 0,416 2' international action for the e-nforenment 4 ,24101n) of international covenants. ii(I ill. The refioval. so far as possible, of - tK all economic barriers and the establish- nent of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting. to the * peace and associating thenistlvxe for its I'PINN. maintenance. IV,. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments wiill biv ' reduced to the lowest point ' insistent ±2.0t with domestic safety. 3;55 V. A free, oper-rlindted. and ahsoluttly - imtpartial adjustment. of all colonial c. laims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereigntya the interests ,of the populations concerned must hlae equal weight with the equitable clitims of the Government whose title is to tI de- termined. VI. The evacuation of all Russian ter- rilory and such a settlement of ;ill ques- tions affecting Russia as will seculre the 592 best and freest co-operation of the oilier nations of the world In obtaining for her 3.42,4W5 an unhampered and unnembarrassed op- it. portunit for the independent rletenrina- tion of her own political development and 20,000,000. national policy and assur- her 1ot a in- 41,T7,000 'cer weelcomae ito the society of free na- 4 (M00010 tions under institutions of her own choos- 0R000 ,00 ing; and, more than a welcome, assist- ance also of every kind that she may 14,2 3.000 need and may herself deslre. The treat- 1l,000,000 mnent accorded Rursia by her sister na- MOBILIZbrD STRENGTH AND CASUALTY LOSSES OF BELLIGERENTS ation. 2Mo dited States ...... 4, itish Empire ;... 7. ance-e . ..... . T tly .'...... ..... 5..6 ilgium ............ lin ............. pan 'i. . .. . .. iugal ......... Total.........39, lnlted iSta tbilled, 72.;521 0,000 M7.000 707,348 100jiu , 00 i 4.a»" rM.aa YW* ernyr ........ 11,000,000M u.nt-tra uagary ..- ,00,000W Bulgaria .......... 40.000 Turkey ............ 1,00.00 Total ........ .19.1,51.000 Grand total...5..,176.8 DAMAGE BY St The cessation of possible an accurate loss caused to the a world by submarine te and Associated Nations. Prisoners or Dead. Wounded. 2Missing. 67.813 1t2,483 14.363 4B92,06 ' 2,107,325. 34003t17 1,385,301 2,675,000 4468,.0 40l,0o0 9, 47000 1,303,000 300 007 3 200,000 120,000 80,0M10 322,000 28,(000 1000 3.000 10,000 7,000 15,000 ' 40,000 5 ,000 ,000 * 1,000 200 4;,f9,478 11,07,7-15 4,95,233 Central Powers. 1,f11,104 3,13,143 ' 72,522 '000 3,200.0010 1,211,000 1.224 152oi.399 10, o25 0.010 570,000 130,001) 2,912,328 ?7. 85i,42 2.124,347 7,781,808 18,681,2S7 7,080.580 Total Casualties. 2T4 .WR 274,15)W 2,50W.000 X,150,0(51 1.210 400,0000 450.100 201000 100,0[0 0,892,221 6,066.7419 5,211,000 2F4,448 12,542,217 33,434.443 IBMARIINES tions in Abe months fo come will be the acid test of their good-will, of their com- hostiities mae prehension dof her needs as distinguished - . from theirf own t itersts, and of their in- 9ui of0 t4he telllgett and unselfish sympathy. ed and neutral VII. Belgium, the whole world will are agree, must be evacuated and restored. n« rc ,19 without any attempt to limit the sover- y o Duec .s,», 191 elgsty which she enjoys in common with losses of the all other free nations. No other single .te * hfrom.he act will serve as, this will serve to restore a « tend o confidence among the natioas int the laws hich they hav themselves set and de- lW03,7806 gross termined for the government of their rela- 28 were British; tions with one another. Without this bee snkdr healing act the whole strture andi va- d ,S nk ^ lidlty of international la* is forever im- 2,475 had been paired. a stil on board VHI. All French territor should be e ed. and freed and the Invaded portions reatqred, · Fshin .s -and the wrong done to Pamne by Prussia .... Isin 1871 in the matter of Alsaee-Lorralne, had been sunk, which has unisettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years. should be righted in order that peaee may once more be made secure in the interest of all. IX. A readlustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly re- ognixable lines of nationality. X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose plae among the nations we Wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be aecorded the freest opportunity of au- tonomous development. XIL Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegr shnoul be: evacuated, ocupied territories restored, Saria aceorded free arnd seeure access to the sea, and the relations of the several Balkan States to one another de- terminl by friendly counsel aloirng his- torieally etabUlshed lines of allegiance and nationality, and internatlonal guar- antees of the politial an*d eeonomic ide- pendence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan States should be entred intoee XI. The Turkish portions of the pres- ent Ottonman Epnpire should be assured a« secure sovereignty, but the other nation- aslties which are now under Turkshl rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an abtolutely' unmolested op- portunity of, autonomous develownent, and the Dardanelles. should be rmara nently. petted as 'a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations undeT international guarantees. Xl II. An independent Polish State shoulM be erected which .should innCude the terrltories inhabited by inlisputably Polish. opulations, which should be as-. sured a free and sere access to the sea, and whose political and *economle nde- pendence and territorial in.egrity'should e guaranteed by intern natonal cvenant. XIV. A generai association of nations must be frmed under specifi.eovenants for the purpose of affording mutual guaT? antees of political independence and terr - torial integrity to great and small States alike. ARMISTICE TERMS GRANTED TO CENTRAL POWERS Bulgarian Armistice, Sept. 29, 1918 The terms involved nothing less than unconditional surrender. They, were purely military in character. Consideration of political and teri- torial matters was poned util the signing of a final treaty of peace Bulgaa a to a te all - pied territory in Greece and Serbia; to demobilize her army at once; to surrender all means of transport on land and on the Danube to the Allies; to permit their unhindered passage through Bulgaria for the development of military operations; to surrender all arms and ammunition; to'permit the occupation by the Allies of all strategic points, and to withdraw as a belligerent from the war. No stip- ulations were made regarding King Ferdinand, as this was. regarded as a purely internal matter, to be disposed of as the Bulgarian people might choose. The King settled the matter by abdicating onOct. 4. Turkish Armistice, Oct. 30, 1918 The Dardanelles and Bosporus were to be opened and access to the Black Sea accorded to the Allies, who were also to occupy the forts of the strait. Allied prisoners of war'were to be re- patriated immediately. Demobiliza- tion of the Turkish Army was pro- vided for, except such troops as the Allies might choose to retain under arms as a police force. All ships were to be surrendered, and all occupied territory to be evacuated. Turkish troops in garrisons were to surrender to the nearest allied commander, Any strategic points in Turkish territory were to be oecupied by the.Allies at will. G-ermans residing in Turkey were to be sent home, and Turkey was required to end all relations with the Central Powers. Austrian Armistice, Nov. 3, 1918 The terms of the armistice stripped Austria of all power to renew the war should she be so inclined. The army was to be wholly and promptly demo- bilized. Austrian brigades fighting with the Germans were to be with- drawn. All territories occupied by Austria since the beginning of the war were to be evacuated. Military and railway equipment in the evacu- ated territory was to be left intact. German troops in the Austrian Army were to be expelled. Half of the army material, artillery, and ammuni- tion was to be surrendered to the Al- lies. Prisoners of war in Austrian hands were to be repatriated at once without reciprocity. A large and speci- fied number of battleships, cruisers, destroyers, and submarines was to be surrendered, and the remaining naval vessels were to be concentrated, dis- armed, and placed under allied super- vision. Free movement over all parts of Austrian territory and the occupa- tion of strategic points were to be granted to the forces of the Entente. Freedom of navigation in the Adri- atic, the Danube, and all territorial waters, together with the right to dis- mantle the fortifications of water- way, was also to be yielded. Strin- gent condit s were inserted against abotage, concealment, or evasion. German Armislie, hNov. 11, 1918 Germany was reuired to evacuate all occupied territories everywhere. The iniquitous treaties of Br-i- tovsk and Bucharet were annulled. Germany was to surrender 5,000 pieces of liht and heavy artlery, 25,00 machine ans, 3,O00 minen- werfers, 1l,700 airplanes, 5,000 locomo- tives, 150,000 railrod ears, and 5,000 motor lorries. All he were to be in perfect condition. All submarines were to be srr , together wit 10 battleships, 6 battle cruisers, 8 light ernsers, and 50 destroyers. The re- maning naval vessels were tobe dis- armed and pled under allied super- viion. Prisoners of war in G an hands were to be yielded up without reciprocity All terriry on the l bank of tie Rhine was to be occupied by te allied aies, and three bridge- heads were to-be established at May- enee, Coblen, and Cologne, each with a radius of eighteen miles. A trip of territory six iles wide on the right bank of the Rhine was to onstitute a ' neutral one The period of armistice was one nmnth, with provision for re- newal if necesary. PEAC CONFERENCE The Peace Conference, composed of delegates fro the allied and asso- ciated p er, convened in Paris, Jan. 18, 1919. The treaty was practically completed by April 26, on which date the German envoys were summoned to Versailles. The treaty was handed to theF on Mayf 7. Counterproposals by the Germans resulted in some fieations, and the trety in its amended form was delivred on June 1C, the Ge«ns biein allowed a week atp awetor reject it. Tey agreed on June2 to sign the treaty. PEIAC TREATY SIGNED The Treaty of Peace between r- many and the allied and associated powers was signed at Versailles, France, June 28, 199. What Ger- many is compelled to concede under its terms may be briefly summarized as follows: Relinquishment of Alsace-Lorraine to France, Posen and West Prussia to Po- land, of part of Schleswig to Denmark, and of 3_2 square miles of Rhenish P rus- sia to LBelgium. The Saar coal basin to be internation- alized for fifteen years, pending a ple- hiscite to determine permanent control, the coal mines.going to France. Luxemburg lis freed from the German customns union. Germany recognites the indiependence of German Austria, ioland, and ('Cechoslo- vakia. Germany loses all colonies and her val- uable concessions in Europe, Asia, and Africa, and recognizes the British pro- tectorate of Egypt. The German Army is to be cut to a tem- porary total strength of 2S10,0 men, but ultimately must be 100t.lO, * The German Navy is limited to six bat- tleships under 10 000 tons each, six light cruisers, and twelve torpedo boats, sur- rendering or destroying all other war ves- sels. She is to have no more submarines. The navy personnel is limited to 2 000. Military and naval air forces are abol- ished. Munitions factories are to be operated only by permission of the Allies, and im- port or export of war materials is forbid- den. Heligoland defenses will be dismantled. Fortifications aiming at control of the Baltic are forbidden. The Rhine and the Moselle are put un- der the control of an international eom- nissaion, *on Which Germany- will be rep- resented. The French, Belgian, and other nations may rtn canals from the Rhine, but Ger is f orbi to do s. er man forts within thirty-three miles-of the river will be dismantled Other great rivers hitherto German will be under international control, the eCecho- slovaks and Poles having free access to the Elbe, Oder, and other streams, and the Poles to the-Nlemen. The Danube will be ontrolled by an in- ternational commission . The Kiel Canal will be open to all nations, and the Czechs et harbor rights at the mouth of the Oerman railroads must be of standard gauge, and rights are granted 'to other powes to use them. Traffic discrimina- tions galirst outsiders are forbidden. -Offenders against the rules of warfare and humanity are to be delivered up to the Allies. An International high court is provided for the trial of the Kaiser, whose surrender will be asked of Holland. oermany's indemnity payment is to be fixed by an interalied commission. An initial payment of 3,0X00,000,000 must be mile within two years. Bonds running thirty years will be issued for later pay-f ments. Occupation of the Rhbine country will continue until the Allies are assured of Germany's good faith. Germany must help build ships to re- place those she sank, help rebuild dev- astated regions, surrender her tourteen submarine cables, and cede all Oerman ships over 1,100 tons and many smaller She accepts the League of Nations prin- ciple, but is barred from membership for Her peace treaties with Rusala' and Ru- mania are abrogated, and she .reeognizes the Independence of States formerly Rus- siatn. I I I I I II T!z -77*7777W - -- I ·· i - - ---- - - --.--- ; . · I I . '' 1. , . . . I i t I
