îu NZ`rs h„v$ p · 1 îu NZ`rs h„v$_p h¾$s„yX$ dlpL$pe k|e®L$p¡qV$ kdâc p r_rh®Â_„...

1

îu NZ`rs h„v$_p

h¾$s„yX$ dlpL$pe k|e®L$p¡qV$ kdâc pr_rh®Â_„ Ly$ê$ d¡ v$¡h kh®L$pe£jy kh®v$p pp

îu kv¹Nyê$v$¡h_u õsyrs

b°ûp_„v$ `fd kyMv„$ L$¡hg„ op_d|rs®Ü„Üpsus„ NN_ k×id¹ sÒhdõepqv$ gÿed¹

A¡L$d¹ r_Ðed¹ rhdgdQgd¹ kh®r^ kpnuc|s„cphpsus„ qÓNyZflus„ kv¹Nyê$ s„ _dprd

îu `fpqçbL$pÆ_¡ âp\®_p

l¡ `fdb°û õhê$r`Zu cNhsu S>Nv$„bp ! Ap` Adp¡_¡ `fdsÒh, `fd Q¥sÞe, `fd rlsL$pfu ApÐdõhê$`_y„ op_ A`p£ !

*âõsph_p

îu b°ûp„X$ yfpZ A„sN®s îu grgsp A„bp_y„ Ap D`p¿ep_ R>¡ s¡dp„ AÝepe 1 \u 40 R>¡. s¡ ¥L$u AÝepe

8 _p `8 dp„ ïgp¡L$\u iê$ \B_¡ AÝepe 36 kyû_y„ k„õL©$s D`f\u NyS>fpsudp„ `|S>e kv¹Nyê$v$¡hîu õhpdu

rihp_„v$ÆA¡ gMph¡gy„ A\®OV$_ îu qL$fuV$cpB V$¡g¡ gM¡gy„ s¡ `f\u "îu grgsp¡`p¿ep_' _pd_y„ yõsL$ âhuZ

âL$pi_ Üpfp âL$pris \ey„ lsy„. s¡ yõsL$ Ad_¡ Ap N„°\ r_dp®Zdp„ OÏ„ klpeL$ \ey„ R>¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ Ad¡ `|Äe îu

rihp_„v$Æ, îu qL$fuV$cpB V$¡g A_¡ âhuZ âL$pi__p Apcpfu R>uA¡ A_¡ F$Z õhuL$pf L$fuA¡ R>uA¡. Adpfp

gMpZ_¡ h^y `qfiyÙ õhê$` Ap`hpdp„ ^¥e®`|h®L$ dv$v$ L$fhp bv$g Ad¡ Æo¡icpB, ArdscpB A_¡

AÆscpB_p AÐe„s Apcpfu R>uA¡.

A_„s b°ûp„X$ìepù S>¡ dlpiqL$s R>¡ s¡d_y„ âL$V$ õhê$` Apqv$iqL$s îu grgsp A„bp R>¡. s¡d_p QqfÓ_y„

hZ®_ L$fhp_p¡ âepk L$fhp¡ A¡ vy$:kplk R>¡. R>sp„e cqL$scph_p\u â¡fus \B_¡ îu dpspÆ_p NyZk„L$us®_ L$fhp

A\£ Ap yõsL$ gMhp_y„ L$pe® îu cNhsu_u k¡hp sfuL$¡ A`®Z L$fuA¡ R>uA¡.

v$i dlprhÛp `¥L$u S>¡ jp¡X$iurhÛp R>¡ s¡_p A„sN®s cNhsu qÓ`yfp A„bp-grgspA„bp_p õhê$`_u

D`pk_p Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡d Q„X$u`pW$dp„ ApÐdrhÛp_p N|Y$ flõep¡ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡gp„ R>¡ s¡hu S> fus¡ Ap

grgsp¡`p¿ep_dp„ îu rhÛp_p D`pkL$p¡_¡ kdS>hp dpV$¡ flõep¡ d|L$¡gp R>¡. cNhp_ dlpv$¡hÆA¡ ÓuÅ _¡Ó\u

L$pdv$¡h_¡ cõd L$ep£. s¡ S> cõddp„\u "c„X$pkyf' hN¡f¡ Akyfp¡ DÐ`ß \ep„ ("L$pd' A\p®s¹ BÃR>pAp¡ S>epf¡

^d®`|h®L$_u lp¡e Ðepf¡ s¡ k„yv$f gpN¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡\u "L$pd'_¡ v$¡hsp_y„ `v$ dýey„ R>¡. f„sy L$pdv$¡h_u cõd, A¡ "L$pd'_y„

_L$pfpÐdL$ A\p®s¹ A^d®, p` A_¡ vy$fpQpf_y„ õhê$` R>¡ dpV$¡ Akyf R>¡) v$¡hp¡_u fnp L$fhp s¡ Akyfp¡_p¡ k„lpf L$fhp

cNhsu grgsp A„bp_y„ âp¼V$e \ey„, b°ûpÆ hN¡f¡ v$¡hp¡A¡ îu cNhsu_u õsyrs L$fu A_¡ cNhsuA¡ c„X$pkyf hN¡f¡

vy$ô$p¡_p¡ k„lpf L$ep£.

2

ApÝepqÐdL$ flõe_u ×[ô$A¡, c„X$pkyf hN¡f¡ v$¥Ðep¡ s¡ Ap`Zpdp„ fl¡gp„ L$pd, ¾$p¡^, gp¡c, dv$, dp¡l, Al„L$pf, Aop_-A„^L$pf S>¡hp Ap„sf iÓyAp¡ R>¡ S>¡_p¡ k„lpf L$fhp dpV$¡ ApÐdiqL$s õhê$r`Zu cNhsu grgsp A„bp âNV$ \pe R>¡. cNhp_ rih Ap`Zp¡ ApÐdp A_¡ rihpv$¡hu A¡ ApÐdp_u Q¥sÞe fpiqL$s R>¡. Ap rih-rihp A¡L$d¡L$\u Arcß R>¡. dlpiqL$sA¡ k©[ô$L$pe® dpV$¡ A_¡L$ v$¡hu-v$¡hspAp¡_¡ p¡sp_p õhê$`dp„\u S> âL$V$ L$ep® R>¡ Ap\u s¡ kh£ Z R>¡hV$¡ A¡L$ S> dlpiqL$s_p„ S> rhrcß õhê$`p¡ R>¡ A¡d L$lu iL$pe A¡hu S> fus¡ Ap`Zp ifufdp„ Z rhrcß A„Np¡_¡ k„Qprgs L$f_pfu A_¡L$ âL$pf_u iqL$sAp¡A¡ Z d|m ApÐdp_u iqL$s_p¡ S> rhõspf R>¡ Apd t`X$ A_¡ b°ûp„X$dp„ A¡L$ S> r_ed ìepá R>¡ s¡ kdÅe R>¡.

Ap`Zp d_dp„ kyá A_¡ Nyá fus¡ k„N©lus \e¡gu S>ÞdS>Þdp„sf_u A_¡L$ âL$pf_u L$pd_pAp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ kp„kpqfL$ dp¡lÅm DÐ`ß \pe R>¡. Ap kyM vy$:M_p Q¾$ìe|l_y„ rhv$pfZ L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap`Zu âpZiqL$s_¡ ÅN©s L$fhu S>ê$fu R>¡ A_¡ âpZiqL$s_y„ ÅNfZ, ApÐdiqL$s Üpfp A\p®s¹ k„L$ë`bm Üpfp \pe R>¡ Apd ApÐdiqL$s_u khp£ÃQ dlÑp kdÅe s¡ dpV$¡ Ap grgsp¡`p¿ep_ kdS>hy„ S>ê$fu R>¡.

dp_h_y„ d_ ud¡ ud¡ rhL$rks \pe R>¡. s¡_¡ |Z® ÅN©s A\p®s¹ kv$pe kQ¡s flu iL$¡ s¡hu Ahõ\pA¡ `lp¢Qsp„ A_¡L$ S>Þdp¡ husu Åe R>¡. S>ep„ kyû d_ |Z® ÅN©s _\u \e¡gy„ lp¡sy„ Ðep„ kyû rhrh^ âgp¡c_p¡_u dpepdp„ AV$hpep L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_u c|g cf¡gu âh©qÑAp¡ L$fu-L$fu_¡ Ak„¿e vy$:Mp¡ A_¡ L$g¡ip¡_p¡ A_ych L$f¡ R>¡, `fÞsy kp^L$p¡A¡ A¡ hps_y„ õdfZ fpMhy„ Å¡BA¡ L$¡ Å¡ âgp¡c_p¡dp„ AV$hpep sp¡ d|m kqÃQv$p_„v$ õhê$`_¡ c|gu S>Biy„ dpV$¡ Ap`Zu îÙp A_¡ ApÐdbm_¡ dS>b|s L$fhp, kpQu kdS>Z ÅN©s L$fhp, kv$¹rhÛp A_¡ op_-rhop__p¡ Dv$e L$fhp dpV$¡ kp^L$¡ `fdiqL$s_u cqL$s L$fhp_u R>¡ A_¡ s¡ Üpfp `p¡sp_p "õh' õhê$`_¡ Z ÅN©s L$fhp_y„ R>¡, rhL$kus L$fhp_y„ R>¡.

"îu e„Ó'A¡ kh® iqL$sAp¡ A_¡ s¡_p L$¡ÞÖdp„ îu fpçbp_y„ õhê$` füy„ lp¡e s¡hu A¡L$ e„ÓpÐdL$ ApL©$rs R>¡. s¡_¡ îu fp cNhsu_y„ S> õhê$` dp_u_¡ |Å Ofdp„ s¡_u õ\p`_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. hpõshdp„ Ap`Ï„ ifuf Z îu e„Ó S> R>¡. S>¡dp„ d|m EÅ® L$¡ÞÖ Ap`Zp dõsL$_p kl÷pf Q¾$_y„ L$¡ÞÖõ\ dÝetbvy$ R>¡. s¡ S> îu grgsp A„bp_y„ Ap`Zp ifufdp„ fl¡gy„ õhê$` R>¡ s¡d_pdp„\u S> âp¼V$e pd¡gu A_¡L$ âL$pf_u EÅ®Ap¡ ifuf_p rhrcß EÅ®L$¡ÞÖp¡ (k|ÿdifuf_p káQ¾$p¡)dp„ flu_¡ kdN° ifuf_y„ k„Qpg_ L$f¡ R>¡. ep¡Nu p¡sp_p ApÐdp_u iqL$s_¡ ÅN©s L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap L$¡ÞÖõ\ Q¥sÞe `fpiqL$s L$¡ S>¡d_p¡ âL$pius tbvy$ ê$`¡ kpnpÐL$pf \pe R>¡, s¡d_y„ S> r_f„sf Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡. kh® iqL$sAp¡ A_¡ ep¡NrkqÙAp¡_p¡ d|m ÷p¡s Ap tbvy$ õhê$r`Zu cNhsu îu `fpqçbL$p S> R>¡ A¡d ÅZu_¡ s¡dp„ S> `p¡sp_y„ kdN° AqõsÐh gu_ L$fu fpMhy„ A¡ S> khp£ÃQ ep¡N kp^_p R>¡. Aphu ApÐdÅN©rs A_¡ qv$ìe op_, cqL$scph_p rh_p iL$e S> _\u, dpV$¡ Ap`Zu îÙp A_¡ cqL$scph_p_¡ h y_¡ h y ×Y$ L$fhp, _pdS>`_p¡ Apîe gB, k„s-kdpNd L$¡mhu, Ny{$S>_p¡-k„sS>_p¡_p Apiuhp®v$ d¡mhu, Apmk d|L$u_¡ `|fp¡ `y{$jp\® L$fhp¡ Å¡BA¡, s\p dpN®dp„ Aph_pfp rhÂ_p¡\u lspi \ep rh_p, ¥e®`|h®L$ kp^_p_p¡ ¾$d Qpgy fpMhp¡ Å¡BA¡. kp^L$¡ b_¡ Ðep„ kyû Ak„N A_¡ dp¥_ fl¡hy„ s\p BÃR>pAp¡_¡ OV$pX$sp fl¡hy„ Å¡BA¡ S>¡\u Ak„¿e kp„kpqfL$ âh©qÑAp¡dp„ hpf„hpf M¢QpB _ S>hpe. âgp¡c_p¡\u bQhy„ Å¡BA¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_u kp^_p kpfu fus¡ kpsÐedp„ Qpgy flu iL$¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ âp\®_p, S>`, kÐk„N A_¡ Nusp s\p AÞe kv¹qhÛp_p ApÝepqÐdL$ rhjep¡_u kdS>Z Ap`_pfp„ yõsL$p¡_y„ hp„Q_-d__-tQs_ L$fsp„ fl¡h„„ A¡ S> Bô$ R>¡. S>¡_p\u Ap`Zp d__u iqL$sAp¡_y„ EÝh}L$fZ \pe R>¡ A_¡ vy$:M, ip¡L$, ce hN¡f¡_y„ r_hpfZ \pe R>¡.

3

îu grgsp A„bp_y„ Ap Ane`yÎeag âv$peL$ qv$ìe QqfÓ hpf„hpf hp„Qu, d__ L$fhp\u kp¥ Bô$ag d¡mh¡ s¡ S> îu cNhsu_p îuQfZp¡dp„ âp\®_p R>¡.

***

îu grgsp¡`p¿ep__p `pW$_u agîyrs

îuleN°uh cNhp_ s\p îu ANõÐedyr__p k„hpv$ê$ ¡ hrZ®s L$fpe¡gp Ap DÑd`yÎeag âv$peL$ îu

grgsp¡`p¿ep__y„ hp„Q_ L$f_pf_u îÙp, cqL$s sp¡ ×Y$ \pe S> R>¡ Ap D`fp„s s¡_¡ S>¡ Av¹cys gpc \pe R>¡ s¡_y„

hZ®_ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ :-

îu leN°uh bp¡ëep : l¡ ANõÐe dyr_ ! Ap qv$ìe Ap¿ep_ S>¡ kp„cmi¡ s¡_p lp\dp„ kh® rkqÙ Aphi¡ A_¡

s¡_p¡ Ap d©Ðeygp¡L$dp„ afu S>Þd \i¡ _l].

Ap grgspv$¡hu_y„ Ap¿ep_ S>¡ hpQL$p¡ hp„Qi¡ L$¡ kp„cmi¡ s¡_p„ kh® `p`p¡_p¡ _pi \i¡ A_¡ s¡ qv$ìegp¡L$dp„

Ap_„v$ L$fi¡.

Ap `rhÓ Ap¿ep__y„ yÎeag cp¡N A_¡ dp¡n b„_¡ A`ph_pfy„ R>¡ dpV$¡ s¡_p `pW$\u - L$Þep_u

BÃR>phpmp_¡ L$Þep dmi¡, S>e_u BÃR>phpmp_¡ S>e dmi¡, dp¡n_u BÃR>phpmp dp¡n `pdi¡ A_¡ ^d®_u

BÃR>phpmp_¡ d® âpá \i¡. __u, yÓ_u, rhÛp_u, ep¡N_u, fpS>e_u, dp®Ðdp rs_¡ âpàs L$fhp_u s\p A¡hp„

S> âL$pf_u S>¡_¡ S>¡hu BÃR>pAp¡ li¡ s¡_¡ BÃR>p dyS>b ag âpá \pe A¡hy„ Ap Ap¿ep__p pW$_y„ Av$¹cys yÎeag

R>¡.

Ap Ap¿ep__¡ hp„Q_pfp¡, kh® v$¡hu-v$¡hspAp¡_p¡ râe b_¡ R>¡, fpÅ sp¡ eyÙdp„ rhS>eu \pe R>¡, iÓy_p

ce\u frls \pe R>¡ A_¡ kh® iÓyAp¡_¡ Æsu_¡ L$ëepZ pd¡ R>¡.

Å¡ L$p¡B rbdpf lp¡e sp¡ Ap Ap¿ep__p¡ pW$ L$fhp\u kh® ìeprÂp¡\u dyL$s \B OÏ„ gp„by Æhu iL$¡ R>¡ s\p

`yÓ-`p¥Óp¡ krls ârs›$p_¡ pd¡ R>¡.

Ap DÑd Ap¿ep__p¡ r_erds `pW$ L$f_pf_y„ kh® âL$pf¡ fnZ \pe R>¡. s¡_¡ hps, r`Ñ, L$a_p fp¡N _X$sp„

_\u, s¡_y„ AL$pm d©Ðey \sy„ _\u, s¡_¡ kp` L$fX$sp¡ _\u s\p s¡_p ifuf_¡ T¡f_u Akf \su _\u. s¡ L$v$u S>X$sp_¡

A\hp d|„Np`Zp_¡ âpá \sp¡ _\u. s¡_¡ L$p¡B rhÂ_ L$¡ DÐ`ps_p¡ ce fl¡sp¡ _\u A_¡ s¡_u D`f L$p¡B d¡gu rhÛp_p¡

âep¡N (S>¡d L$¡ dpfZ, dp¡l_, hiuL$fZ DÃQpV$_ hN¡f¡_p¡ âep¡N) L$f¡ sp¡ s¡ âep¡N kam \pe _l].

S>¡ l„d¡ip Ap `pW$ L$f¡ s¡_u bû L$pd_pAp¡ `|Z® \i¡ A_¡ s¡_u cqL$s kv$¥h h^su fl¡i¡ A_¡ s¡_¡

AL$õdps_p¡ ce _lu fl¡.

S>¡ yÎe b^p su\p£ hX$¡ A_¡ N„Np õ_p_\u dm¡ s¡_p L$fsp„ L$fp¡X$NÏ„ yÎe s¡_¡ dmi¡.

Ap Ap¿ep__p îhZ\u v$i fpS>k|e eo A_¡ A¡L$ kp¡ Aq‚ô$p¡d eo L$fsp„ L$fp¡X$NÏ„ yÎe dmi¡. L$p¡B s¡_¡

dpfu iL$i¡ _rl s\p kp¡ hj®\u h^pf¡ fp¡NdyL$s Apeyóe pdi¡.

4

A_¡L$ âL$pf_p dlp`p`p¡_y„ âpe[òs L$fhp dpV$¡ `Z Ap Ap¿ep__y„ `W$_ L$fhy„ î¡óW$ R>¡. Å¡ `pù d_yóe

kpQp ùv$e\u `õsphp¡ L$f¡ s\p s¡hy„ `p`L$d® afu\u _ L$fhp_u ârsop L$fu_¡ `p¡sp_p `p`L$d®_p r_hpfZ A\£ Ap

Ap¿ep__y„ cqL$s |h®L$ W$_ L$f¡ sp¡ _½$u S> s¡ îu S>Nv„$bp_u L©$`p\u p`dyL$s \pe R>¡.

S>¡ L$p¡B su\p£dp„ Ap_p¡ pW$ L$f¡, |Å kde¡ pW$ L$f¡, rhjyhL$pg (S>¡ qv$hkp¡ v$fçep_ k|e®_p¡ dpN® bfpbf

dp\p D`f\u lp¡e, Ap kde 21-22-23 dpQ® A_¡ 21-22-23 kàV$¡çbf) DÑfpeZ L$¡ v$rnZpe_ L$¡ p„Q

`h® (Aô$du, Qp¥v$i, Adpk, |_d A_¡ k„¾$p„s) L$¡ p¡sp_p S>Þd _nÓhpmp qv$hk¡ L$¡ rhÓ õ\p_p¡dp„ pW$ L$f¡ s¡_¡

fpÄe qfhs®_, fp¡N, dlpdpfu, Qp¡fu_p¡ ce fl¡sp¡ _\u A_¡ s¡_y„ L$ëepZ S> \pe R>¡. Ap yõsL$ S>ep„ fl¡ s¡ v$¡idp„

fp¡N L$¡ vy$L$pm _ Aph¡.

Ap Ap¿ep__p buÅ cpNdp„ cNhsu_u ip÷p_ykpf |Århr^_y„ hZ®_ Ap`¡gy„ R>¡. bÓuk AÝepe_y„ Ap

Ap¿ep_ qv$ìe Ad©sip÷ R>¡ s¡dp„ kh® v$¡huAp¡_y„ dlpÐçe Aphu Åe R>¡.

Ap bÓuk AÝepe_y„ ip÷ b°ûp„X$`yfpZ_p¡ A„rsd cpN R>¡. v$¡hu_p DÐkhdp„ Ap_p¡ pW$ L$fhp¡. qÓgp¡L$dp„

S>¡V$gu v$¡huAp¡ R>¡ s¡ dp grgspA„bp_y„ ê$` R>¡ dpV$¡ s¡ kh® v$¡huAp¡_p |S>__u qf`|Z®sp dpV$¡ Ap Ap¿ep__p¡ pW$

L$fhp¡ S>ê$fu R>¡. Ap_p krls `|S>_ L$fhp\u S> kh® v$¡hu-v$¡hspAp¡ âkß \pe R>¡ _rl sp¡ s¡d_y„ `|S>_ A |Z®

NZpe R>¡ A_¡ s¡-s¡ v$¡hu v$¡hspAp¡_u âkßsp\u dmsy„ am âpá \sy„ _\u. dpV$¡ îu fpqçbL$p_y„ |S>_ A_¡ s¡d_p

QqfÓ_y„ W$_ v$f¡L$ âL$pf_u |Å_y„ AphíeL$ A„N R>¡.

_hfpÓudp„ S>epf¡ vy$Np® dlp¡Ðkh lp¡e Ðepf¡ Ap bÓuk Ap¿ep__p¡ b°pûZ pk¡ pW$ L$fphhp¡ Å¡BA¡ A_¡

×Y$ d_\u vy$Np®v$¡hu_u kdu`dp„ `p¡s¡ `Z iL$e s¡V$gu h^y hMs âeÐ_ |h®L$ `pW$ L$fhp¡ Å¡BA¡. Ap `pW$ kp^L$_¡

kh®rkqÙ A`ph_pfp¡ R>¡.

`rhÓ L$¡ A`rhÓ lp¡e A\hp Nd¡ s¡hp¡ lp¡e sp¡ Z Ap bÓuk AÝepe_p¡ pW$ L$f¡ sp¡ s¡ b^p„ p`p¡\u dyL$s

\pe R>¡.

Ap bÓuk AÝepe DÑd ip÷op_ R>¡. kh®rkqÙ dpV$¡ Ap_p\u h^pf¡ DÑd buSy„> L$p¡B kp^_ _\u.

Ap bÓuk AÝepe_p¡ A¡L$ S> hpf pW$ L$fhp\u A¡L$ L$fp¡X$ Q„X$u`pW$ L$fhp S>¡V$gy„ am Ap ¡ R>¡.

î¡óW$ NyZp¡hpmp kp^L$p¡ Ap Ap¿ep__p¡ `pW$ L$f¡ R>¡. Ap ks ApQfZhpmp A_¡ ks k„âv$pehpmp

îudps©iqL$s_p D`pkL$p¡_p kh® vy$:Mp¡ _pi \pe R>¡.

îu grgsp dlpfpZu î¡óW$ qv$ìe op_-rhop__p¡ âL$pi L$f_pfp R>¡. `p¡sp_p rQÑdp„ Ap âL$pi_¡ ^pfZ

L$f_pf l„d¡ip s©á fl¡ R>¡.

Ap fus¡ îu b°ûp„X$`yfpZ_p A„rsdcpNdp„ Aph¡gy„ îu grgsp¡`p¿ep__y„ dlpÐçehZ®_ s\p agîyrsL$\_ L$¡

S>¡ îu leN°uhF$rj A_¡ îu ANõÐe F$rj_p k„hpv$ê$`¡ R>¡ s¡ |Z® \ey„.

5

âL$fZ - 1

îu grgsp âpvy$cp®h

A¡L$ kde_u hps R>¡ - cNhp_ îu rhóÏ_p Qp¡hui Ahspfp¡dp„_p A¡L$ Ahspf A¡hp îu leN°uh F$rj_p

`rhÓ Apîddp„, îu ANõÐe F$rj_y„ Aphhy„ \ey„. s¡Ap¡ b„_¡ dp `fpiqL$s_p cL$s lsp„ A_¡ leN°uh F$rj

rhi¡jê$`\u dp cNhsu_p N|Y$ QqfÓp¡_p kpfp ÅZL$pf lsp s¡\u ANõÐe F$rjA¡ fd cqL$scph\u rh_e`|h®L$

s¡d_¡ îudpspÆ_p qv$ìe QqfÓp¡_y„ L$\_ L$fhp dpV$¡ rh_„su L$fu. ANõÐe F$rj_p fd cqL$scph A_¡ rh_d°sp\u

âkß \B_¡ îu leN°uh¡ s¡d_¡ fb°û õhê$r`Zu îu S>Nv$„bp_y„ A_y`d QqfÓ L$l¡hp_p¡ Apf„c L$ep£ :

cNhp_ dlpv$¡hÆA¡ ÓuÅ _¡Ó_p Aq‚\u L$pdv$¡h_¡ cõd L$ep£ Ðepf¡ s¡ cõddp„\u dlpbmhp_ c„X$pkyf

A_¡ buÅ Ak„¿e v$¥Ðep¡ DÐ`ß \ep. c„X$pkyf¡ s¡ bû v$¥Ðek¡_pAp¡ krls v$¡hp¡ f Ap¾$dZ L$fu v$u^y„. eyÙdp„ v$¡hp¡

`fpS>e `pdhp gpÁep Ap\u cecus \B_¡ s¡dZ¡ S>NÞdpsp_¡ `p¡sp_y„ fnZ L$fhp âp\®_p L$fu. ifZ¡ Aph¡gp„

v$¡hspAp¡_u fnp L$fhp dpV$¡ S>Nv„$bpA¡ s¡d_u afs¡ bfa_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ MX$p¡ L$fu v$u^p¡. Ap Å¡B_¡ c„X$pkyf_¡ M|b S>

Apòe® \ey„. s¡ rhQpfhp gpÁep¡ L$¡ \p¡X$uhpf l¡gp„ Al] L„$B`Z _lp¡sy„ Ap bfa_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ L$ep„\u Aphu Nep¡? v$¥Ðe¡

¾$p¡^dp„ Aphu_¡ s¡ qL$ëgp¡ sp¡X$u _p¿ep¡. \p¡X$uhpfdp„ S> v$p_hp¡ A„v$f _ S>B iL$¡ s¡hp¡ bfa_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ afu\u b_u Nep¡.

v$¥Ðe¡ hpey A÷_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fu afu\u qL$ëgp¡ sp¡X$u _p¿ep¡ A_¡ NS®>_p L$fhp gpÁep¡. f„sy S>Nv„$bp_u Av$cys L©$`p

L$¡hu lsu L$¡ S>¡V$guhpf Akyf¡ qL$ëgp¡ sp¡X$ep¡ s¡V$gu hpf s¡ bfa_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ afu\u b_u S>sp¡. R>¡hV$¡ s¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe

vy$:Mu \B_¡, lpfu_¡ p¡sp_p "i|ÞeL$' _pd_p _Nfdp„ S>sp¡ füp¡.

Ap sfa v$¡hspAp¡ Z Ap QdÐL$pf_¡ Apòe®\u Å¡B füp lsp„. s¡Ap¡A¡ îu S>Nv„$bp_¡ L$ep„e Å¡ep _lp¡sp„

`fÞsy bfa_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ hpf„hpf b_sp¡ Å¡ep¡ lsp¡ s¡ Å¡B_¡ v$¡hp¡ ce\u ìepLy$m \B Nep„ A_¡ p¡sp_p r_Ðe_p L$s®ìep¡_¡

`Z rhkfu Nep, s\p lh¡ iy„ L$fhy„ s¡_p¡ rhQpf L$fhp gpÁep„. v$¡hfpS> BÞÖ¡ L$üy„ L$¡ v$¥ÐefpS> c„X$pkyf A_¡ s¡_u k¡_p

dlpbmhp_ R>¡. Ap`Z¡ b^p„ kp\¡ dmu_¡ `Z s¡_u kp\¡ eyÙdp„ Æsu iL$uiy„ _l] A_¡ Al]\u cpNhp_p¡ L$p¡B

dpN® _\u dpV$¡ Al] S> A¡L$ ep¡S>__p rhõspfhpmp¡ rhipm A_¡ ky„v$f eoLy„$X$ b_phu_¡ dlpeo_u rhr^\u s¡dp„

Aq‚ âL$V$ L$fuiy„ A_¡ fdiqL$s_u D`pk_p L$fu s¡d_¡ âkß L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap`Zp ifuf_p dp„k\u s¡ eoL„y$X$dp„ lh_

L$fuiy„. Å¡ dfu S>Biy„ sp¡ b°ûê$` \B S>Biy„ A_¡ Æhsp fl¡iy„ sp¡ õhN® cp¡Nhuiy„.

Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡hV$_p¡ r_Z®e L$fu_¡ BÞÖ krls b^p„ S> v$¡hspAp¡ p¡s`p¡sp_p ifufdp„\u dp„k L$pù L$pù_¡

rhr^hs d„Ó krls lh_ L$fhp dp„X$ep. l¡gp„ lp\-`N_y„ dp„k L$pù_¡ lh_ L$fu _p¿ep¡ R>u s¡ v$¡hspAp¡A¡ bpL$u

fl¡gp ifuf_¡ `Z Ly„$X$dp„ _pMu lh_ L$fuA¡ A¡hp¡ r_òe L$ep£.* Apd, kh®õh kd`®Z_u s¥epfu L$fu Ðep„ sp¡ s¡

Ly„$X$dp„\u A¡L$ dlp_ s¡S> âNV$ \ey„. s¡ dlp_ s¡S>dp„ Q¾$ ApL$pf_y„ "îu e„Ó'' âNV$ \ey„. s¡ îue„Ódp„ âps:L$pm_p "

k|ep£v$e S>¡hp s¡S>õhu îu dlpv$¡hu_p v$i®_ \ep. S>Ns_¡ DÐL©$ô$ Æh_sÒh âv$p_ L$fhphpmp s¡ dlpv$¡hudp„ b°ûp,

rhóÏ, rih A¡ qÓv$¡hp¡_y„ õhê$` kdprhô$ lsy„. s¡ v$¡hu ky„v$fsp_p kpf_u kudpê$` lsp A_¡ Ap_„v$fk_p¡ kpNf lsp„.

Åk|v$_p yó` S>¡hu s¡d_u A„NL$p„rs lsu A_¡ v$pX$d_p a|g S>¡hp„ s¡dZ¡ h÷p¡ pfZ L$ep® lsp„. Apd kdN° õhê$`

6

gprgdpeyL$s fd s¡S>õhu ip¡cu füy„ lsy„. s¡Ap¡ kh® Apc|jZp¡\u rhc|rjs A_¡ î©„Npffk_y„ d|rs®d„s õhê$` lsp„.

L©$`p`|h®L$ S>¡ bpSy> s¡d_u ×[ô$ X$su s¡-s¡ bpSy> Ap_„v$_p kdyÖ_u ÅZ¡ gl¡fp¡ DW$hp gpNsu. s¡d_y„ õhê$` Qsycy®S>

lsy„. s¡d_p Qpf¡e lõsdp„ A_y¾$d¡ pi, A„Ly$i, i¡fX$u_y„ _yóe A_¡ yó`p¡_p„ p„Q bpZ lsp„, S>¡_p\u s¡Ap¡ OZp

S> ip¡cpedp_ \B füp lsp„.

s¡ dlpv$¡hu_¡ BÞÖ krls kh® v$¡hspAp¡A¡ âkßsp`|h®L$ d_\u hpf„hpf âZpd L$ep®. S>¡ kp¥_u Apcp õhê$`p

R>¡ s¡ dlpv$¡huA¡ v$¡hspAp¡_¡ Å¡ep Ðepf¡ v$¡hspAp¡_p kOmp„ vy$:M A_¡ k„L$V$p¡ v|$f \B Nep„. v$¡hspAp¡_p b^p„ S> A„Np¡

afu\u yh®hs¹ kpÅ„-kpfp„ A_¡ k„`|Z® \B Nep, A_¡ s¡Ap¡ M|b S> bmhp_ \B Nep„. Apd, d®, A\®, L$pd A_¡

dp¡n A¡ Qpf¡e yê$jp\p£ S>¡_u L©$`p\u rkÙ \pe R>¡ s¡hp, kh® v$p\p£_¡ v$¡hphpmp dlpv$¡hu_u v$¡hspAp¡ AÐe„s lrj®s

\B_¡ õsyrs L$fhp gpÁep„.

* Ap âL$fZ_p¡ flõep\® A¡hp¡ kdÅe R>¡ L$¡ c„X$pkyf A¡ rhrh^ L$pd_pAp¡_p¡ Akyf R>¡. S>ep„ kyû

v$¡hspAp¡ `p¡sp_u BqÞÖep¡_p kyM_¡ dpV$¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_u L$pd_pAp¡_u s©qá dpV$¡ âepk L$fsp lsp„ Ðep„ kyû c„X$pkyf

Apqv$ v$¥Ðek¡_p\u `fprS>s A_¡ r_õs¡S> fl¡sp„ lsp„. `fÞsy S>epf¡ s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p lp\-`N îu S>NÞdpsp_u

k¡hpdp„ A\p®s¹ r_óL$pd k¡hpê$` eoL$pep£dp„ gNphu v$u^p„ Ðepf¡ îudpspÆ_u Akud L©$`p s¡d_¡ âpá \B A_¡ s¡d_p

ifufdp„ _hu_ bm A_¡ s¡S>_p¡ âpvy$cp®h \ep¡. Aph„y gp¡L$ k¡hpê$` L$pep£dp„ lp\-`N A`®Z L$fhp_y„ Av$¹cys

dlpÐçe R>¡.

AÞe k|ÿd ApÝepqÐdL$ flõep\® Ahp¡ S>Zpe R>¡ L$¡ lp\-`N A_¡ AÞe BqÞÖep¡_u blpf_u sfa S>su

EÅ®_¡ fp¡L$u_¡ A„v$f_u sfa hpmu ep¡Nu âÐeplpf_u q¾$ep hX$¡ `p¡sp_u kdN° Q¡s_p_¡ A„sdy®Mu b_phu v$¡ R>¡ s\p

ÓuÅ _¡Ó_u ep¡N Aq‚ (A\p®s¹ ApÐds¡S>dp„) kdN° BqÞÖep¡_p bpürhjep¡_u ApkqL$s_p¡ lp¡d L$fu v$¡hp\u S>

ApÐdiqL$sõhê$`p, tbvy$õhê$`p dlpv$¡hu âkß \pe R>¡ A_¡ ep¡Nu_¡ v$i®_ Ap`¡ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 2

îu grgsp õsyrs

v$¡hspAp¡ îu S>Nv„$bp_u õsyrs L$fsp„ L$l¡ R>¡ :

l¡ S>Nsdpsp ! v$¡hu sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡ - l¡ v$¡hu ! `f\u `Z `f sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡. l¡ L$ëepZê$r`Zu v$¡hu !

sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡. l¡ L$pdL$gpê$`p v$¡hu sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡.

l¡ ky„v$f _¡Óp¡hpmp ! S>e Ap`_pfp, sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡ ! l¡ L$pdpnu ! l¡ dlpqÓ`yf ky„v$fu ! sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡. kh®

v$¡hspAp¡ sdpfu S> Apfp^_p L$f¡ R>¡, sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡. l¡ L$pd_pAp¡_p Bðfu A_¡ kh®_¡ dp_ Ap`_pfp v$¡hu, sdpfp¡

S>e lp¡.

l¡ fb°ûdeu v$¡hu, sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡. l¡ b°ûApÐdp fkê$`, sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡ ! S>e _pfpeZu sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡ !

l¡ v$¡hu, sd¡ kh® v$¡hspAp¡_¡ Ap_„v$ L$fu v$u^p¡.

7

l¡ îuL„$W$_p àepfp sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡ ! S>e îu S>e îu grgsp A„rbL$p sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡ ! rhS>e, îu A_¡ kd©qÙ

v$¡hphpmp sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡ !

Bô$ L$d® A_¡ |h® L$d® S>¡ ANpD \ep„ R>¡ A_¡ lh¡ R>u \hp_p„ R>¡ s¡_p L$pfZê$` sd¡ S> R>p¡. ÓZ¡e gp¡L$_¡

`ph_ L$fhphpmp S>NÞdpsp, sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡ !

L$gp, dyl|s®, L$pô$p, AÖ, dpk, drl_p, F$sy, hj®ê$` S>¡_p„ lÅfp¡ dõsL$ R>¡ s¡hp kdeê$ù dlpv$¡hu_¡

_dõL$pf ! lÅfp¡ dyMp¡ A_¡ lÅfp¡ _¡Óp¡hpmp rhðê$`p v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf ! sdpfy„ rhfpV$ õhê$` lÅfp¡ lp\ A_¡

lÅfp¡ QfZL$dg\u ip¡cpedp_ R>¡, l¡ kh® ifufdp„ ìepù_¡ fl¡hphpmp v$¡hu sd¡ AÏ\u `Z k|ÿd A_¡ dlp_

b°ûp„X$p¡\u Z rhfpV$ R>p¡.

l¡ S>NÞdpsp ! sd¡ fpÐ`f fd sÒhõhê$`p R>p¡ A_¡ s¡S>õhuAp¡_y„ s¡S> Z sd¡ S> R>p¡. sdpfp rhfpV$

õhê$ _y„ hZ®_ L$fu iL$hp_u iqL$s L$p¡_pdp„ R>¡ ? Asg gp¡L$dp„ sdpfp `N R>¡, rhsg gp¡L$dp„ sdpfp Np¡W$Z R>¡,

fkpsg gp¡L$dp„ sdpfp¡ L$qV$âv$¡i R>¡, fsu sdpfy„ ¡V$ R>¡, c|gp¡L$ sdpfy„ ùv$e R>¡, õhN® sdpfy„ dyM R>¡. k|e®, Q„Ö, Aq‚

sdpfp„ ÓZ _¡Ó R>¡. l¡ S>e v$¡_pfp A„rbL$p, v$i¡ qv$ip sdpfp bply R>¡. Ap hlu fl¡gp¡ hpey, sdpfp¡ ðpk R>¡. k„`|Z®

h¡v$ sdpfu hpZu R>¡.

A_¡L$ âL$pf_p„ gp¡L$ gp¡L$pÞsf_u fQ_p L$fhu s¡ sdpfu fds R>¡. rQÞde rih sdpfp kMp R>¡. kv$p

Ap_„v$ê$ù Ad©s_„y p_ L$fhy„ A¡ S> sdpfp¡ Aplpf R>¡. ks yê$jp¡_p ùv$edp„ sdpfp¡ hpk R>¡.

S>¡V$gp ×íe A×íe cyh_ R>¡ s¡ sdpfy„ ê$` R>¡. hpv$m sdpfp dp\p_p„ hpm R>¡. ApL$pi sdpfu ayghpX$u R>¡.

^d® sdpfu cyÅAp¡ R>¡. A^d® Apqv$ sdpfp lr\epf R>¡. A\p®s d®ê$ù cyÅAp¡ hX$¡ DÂ^pf L$fp¡ R>p¡ A_¡

A^d®ê$ù, lr\epf hX$¡ vy$ô$p¡_p¡ rh_pi L$fp¡ R>p¡. ed r_ed sdpfp lp\-`N_u Ap„NmuAp¡ R>¡. gp¡L$p¡_p Æh__p¡

DÐL$j® L$f_pfp õhplpL$pf, õh^pL$pf sdpfy„ hn:õ\m R>¡. âpZpepd sdpfu _prkL$p R>¡. kfõhsu sdpfu Æc R>¡.

âÐeplpf (BqÞÖep¡_y„ A„sdy®M \hy„ s¡) S> sdpfu BqÞÖep¡ R>¡. byqÙ S> sdpfy„ î¡›$ Ýep_ R>¡. pfZpiqL$s S>

sdpfy„ d_ R>¡, A_¡ sdpfy„ ùv$e A¡ S> kdpr^ R>¡. (Ap âdpZ¡ âÐeplpf-Ýep_-^pfZp A_¡ kdpr^ A¡ Qpf

Ap„sqfL$ ep¡Nkp^_p_p sb½$pAp¡ A¡ ApÐdiqL$s_¡ S>Nphhp_p D`pe R>¡ s¡d kdÅìey„ R>¡.)

S>¡ L$p„B h_õ`rs R>¡ s¡ ( ©Õhu õhê$`) sdpfp„ ê$hpX$p„ R>¡. âcpsL$pm_u Djp sdpfy„ h÷ R>¡. c|s, crhóe,

hs®dp_ s¡ sdpfy„ õhê$` R>¡.

l¡ S>NÞdpsp, sd¡ eoê$` R>p¡ A_¡ kh® S>ÁepA¡ ìep`L$ R>p¡. `rhÓ L$fhphpmp R>p¡ S>¡Z¡ v$ep L$fu_¡ Ap

bû âÅAp¡_u fQ_p L$fu.

gp¡L$p¡_p ùv$edp„ A×íe fus¡ fl¡gp¡ KX$p¡ dp¡l A¡ sdpfy„ S> ê$` R>¡. p¡sp_u gugp\u Ap ×íe S>Nsdp„ _pd

A_¡ ê$` A¡hp b¡ (dpep_p) rhcpN L$fu_¡ s¡ _pd-ê$`pÐdL$ kh® `v$p\p£dp„ ìepá \B_¡ flp¡ R>p¡ R>sp„ _pd-ê$`dp„

ApkL$s _\u. d_yóe_p Æh_r_hp®l_¡ dpV$¡ A\® A_¡ L$pd A¡ b„_¡ yê$jp\p£_¡ rkÙ L$fphu Ap`_pfp dlpv$¡hu_¡

_dõL$pf, s¡ kh®iqL$s_¡ _dõL$pf.

8

k|e®, Q„Ö s\p ApL$pi, Aq‚, hpey, `©Õhu A_¡ S>m A¡ `„Qdlpc|s S>¡d_u Apopdp„ fl¡ R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡

_dõL$pf lp¡... _dõL$pf lp¡.

S>¡d_u iqL$s\u k©[ô$_p Apqv$L$pmdp„ b°ûp ©Õhu_¡ fQ¡ R>¡ s¡dS> S>¡_u iqL$s hX$¡ Ap k©[ô$_y„ pfZ-`p¡jZ

\pe R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

S>¡d_u iqL$s hX$¡ Ap ©Õhu, ApL$pi A_¡ k|e® ìepá R>¡ s\p S>¡dp„ Ap kdõs k„kpf¾$d_p¡ Dv$e \pe R>¡,

r_hpk \pe R>¡ A_¡ kde \sp„ S>¡dp„ k„kpf_p¡ ge \B Åe R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

fÅ¡NyZ\u S>¡ k©rô$_u fQ_p L$f¡ R>¡, kÒhNyZ\u S>¡ k©[ô$_y„ pg_ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ sdp¡NyZ\u S>¡ k©[ô$_p¡ k„lpf

L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ dlpiqL$s_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡. qÓNyZpÐdL$ L$pep£ L$fhp R>sp„e S>¡ õhe„ r_Ny®Z R>¡ A¡hp

L$ëepZõhê$`p v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡ !

S>Ns_¡ S>Þd Ap`_pf S>Ns_u A¡L$ S> dpsp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡. S>Ns_y„ pg_, p¡jZ,

fnZ A_¡ rhL$pk L$f_pfp A_¡ vy$ô$p¡_y„ v$d_ L$f_pfp S>Ns_p A¡L$ S> r`sp sd¡ R>p¡, sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf

lp¡. S>Nsdp„ S>¡V$gy„ _pd-ê$`pÐdL$ s„Ó (A\p®s¹ S>¡V$gp„ ifuf õhê$`p¡) R>¡ s¡ sd¡ S> R>p¡ sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡,

_dõL$pf lp¡. S>Ns_y„ ArMg k©[ô$ê$` e„Ó (S>Þd S>Þdp„sf_u OV$dpm) Qgph_pfp `Z sd¡ S> R>p¡. sd_¡

_dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

S>Nsdp„ S>¡V$gp„ Ny{$ R>¡ s¡dp„ sd¡ kh®î¡óW$ Ny{$ R>p¡, k„`|Z® hpZu Üpfp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

gÿduÆê$`¡ S>Ns_p Æhp¡_¡ k„sp¡j Ap`_pfp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡. i„cy_u ep¡NiqL$s, ip„chuê$`¡

fl¡gp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

sdpfy„ h¥chipmu õhê$` R>¡, s¡ Apqv$, dÝe, A„s\u frls A_¡ „Qdlpc|s\u frls iyÙ iqL$s õhê$` R>¡

A\p®s¹ kpdpÞe Æhp¡_u S>¡d sd¡ _pih„s _\u f„sy ipðs R>p¡. sdpfp¡ drldp A¡hp¡ Agp¥qL$L$ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡_¡ kpdpÞe

d_yóe p¡sp_u BqÞÖep¡ A_¡ d_ hX$¡ ÅZu _ iL$¡ s\p hpZu hX$¡ hZ®hu _ iL$¡ Apd, sdpfp¡ drldp d_-hpZu\u

ANp¡Qf R>¡. ê$`, fk, N„ , õì® A_¡ iåv$ A¡ cp¥rsL$ BqÞÖep¡_p¡ rhje R>¡ `f„sy sdpfy„ b°ûde õhê$` lp¡hp\u

d_yóe_u Qd®_u b_¡gu BqÞÖep¡ sdpfp õhê$`_p¡ A_ych L$fu iL$su _\u Ap\u sdpfp dlp_ âcph_y„ l¡ A„rbL$p,

ly„ L$¡hu fus¡ hZ®_ L$fy„ ?

l¡ rhð¡ðfu, l¡ rhðh„qv$sp, âkß \pAp¡. l¡ rhð¡ðfu h¡v$ ê$r`Zp, l¡ v$epdeu âkß \pAp¡, âkß \pAp¡.

l¡ d„ÓiqL$s õhê$`p âkß \pAp¡, l¡ kh£ðfu, l¡ kh®ê$r`Zu âkß \pAp¡, âkß \pAp¡.

BÞÖ Apqv$ v$¡hspAp¡A¡ Ap âdpZ¡ dlpv$¡hu_u õsyrs L$fu. hpf„hpf _dõL$pf L$fu_¡ b^p v$¡hspAp¡

cNhsu_p ifZ¡ Nep„.

BÞÖ_u rh_d°sp Å¡B_¡ v$¡hu âkß \ep„. s¡dZ¡ L$üy„, ""l¡ BÞÖ ! hfv$p_ dp„Np¡. ly„ v$f¡L$ ifZpNs_¡ hfv$p_

Ap`_pfu Ry„>.''

9

BÞÖ bp¡ëep : l¡ L$ëepZu dpsp ! Å¡ sd¡ âkß \ep lp¡ sp¡ v$¥Ðep¡\u ùX$p pd¡gp„ A¡hp Adpfy„ fnZ L$fhp

L©$`p L$fp¡ A_¡ L$p¡B Adpfy„ v$d_ _ L$fu iL$¡ A¡hy„ î¡›$ Æh_ Ap`p¡, Ad¡ sdpfp ifZp\} R>uA¡.

v$¡hu bp¡ëep : ly„ v$¥ÐefpS> c„X$pkyf_¡ Æsu_¡ Qf, AQf, qÓgp¡L$ nZdpÓdp„ sd_¡ v$¡hspAp¡_¡ Apù v$Bi,

dpV$¡ sd¡ kh£ v$¡hspNZ Ap_„qv$s A_¡ r_c®e \B ÅAp¡.

v$¡hu, v$¡hspAp¡ Üpfp L$fpe¡gu Ap Av¹cys õsyrs_y„ dlpÐçe kdÅhsp bp¡ëep : S>¡ d_yóe dpfu Ap õsyrs_y„

hp„Q_, r_Ðe `pW$ A\hp îhZ `Z L$fi¡ s¡ îu, ei A_¡ kv¹cpÁehpmp \i¡. rhÛp, rh_e\u k„`ß \i¡ A_¡ r_fp¡N fl¡i¡ s\p qv$ìe Æh_ s¡_¡ `°pá \i¡. `yÓ, rdÓ, `qÐ_\u k„ey¼s flu_¡ dpfu L©$`p_¡ `pdi¡. Ap âdpZ¡ v$¡hspAp¡_¡ v$¡hu_y„ hfv$p_ dýey„ A_¡ BÞÖ dlpbmhp_ \B Nep¡ A_¡ kh® v$¡hspAp¡_¡ v$¡hu_p v$i®_ hpf„hpf L$fu_¡

M|b S> Ap_„v$ \ep¡. Apd, Ap c|gp¡L$dp„ fp A[çbL$pÆ_p âpL$Ve_u L$\p L$l¡hpdp„ Aphu.

*Ap âL$fZdp„ rhðê$r`Zu v$¡hu_u õsyrs L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡ A\p®¹s Ap ×íedp_ S>Ns A¡ S> dpsp dlpi[L$s_y„ rhfpV$¹ õhê$` R>¡ s¡d kdÅhhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. rhð_p sdpd v$p\p£ AZy-`fdpÏ„_p„ b_¡gp„ R>¡ A_¡ s¡

AÏ-`fdpÏ i[¼s_p„ S> b_¡gp„ R>¡ s\p i[¼s hX$¡ S> Å¡X$pB_¡ `v$p\p£ ê$ ¡ ×íedp_ \pe R>¡. k|e®, Q„Ö, N°lp¡, _nÓp¡, „Qdlpc|s b^p„e i[¼s_p„ S> |„S>_p b_¡gp„ R>¡. ApMye S>X$ v$p\p£_„y S>Ns S>X$ i[¼s_y„ b_¡gy„ R>¡ A_¡

cp¥rsL$ ifufp¡dp„ âh¡i L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ Æh„s b_ph_pfu i[L$s_¡ Q¥sÞe fp i[L$s L$l¡ R>¡. ApMu h_õ`rs A_¡ âpZu k©[ô$ Ap Q¥sÞe `fpiqL$s_u lpS>fu\u S> Æh„s b_u R>¡. s¡dp„ kpnucph\u fl¡gp `fdpÐdp, v$f¡L$ ifufdp„ gOy ApÐdp sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. s¡d_u AÝenspdp„ S> i[L$s_p b_¡gp Ap S>Ns_y„ k„Qpg_ \pe R>¡. kpnuê$`

`fdpÐdp, Æhp¡_y„ dpN®v$i®_ A_¡ r_e„ÓZ L$f¡ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 3

dv$_ L$pd¡ðf âpvy$cp®h

v$¡hu_y„ âpNV$e \e¡g„y ÅZu_¡ gp¡L$r`spdl b°ûpÆ, kh® F$rjdyr_Ap¡_u kp\¡ cNhsu_p v$i®_ L$fhp_u L$pd_p\u Ðep„ Apìep. s¡ S> hMs¡ rhóÏ cNhp_ Nê$X$ f b¡ku Ðep„ Apìep A_¡ i„L$f cNhp_ Z _„qv$ f b¡ku_¡ v$¡hu_p v$i®_ L$pS>¡ Apìep. Ap D`fp„s v$¡hrj® _pfv$, rhðphky hN¡f¡ N„^h® A_¡ enp¡ s\p kh£ AàkfpAp¡_p NZ

dlpv$¡hu_p v$i®_ L$fhp Ðep„ Apìep.

Ap Ahkf¡ âÅ`rs b°ûpÆA¡ rhðL$dp®_¡ Apop L$fu_¡ BÞÖ_u Adfp`yfu S>¡hy„ S> ip¡cpedp_ A_¡ rhipm _Nf b_phX$pìey„ Ðepf bpv$ iqL$s_p rhrcß õhê$`p¡, S>¡d L$¡ - kh® d„Óp¡_p Ar^ v$¡hsp cNhsu vy$Np®v$¡hu,

rhÛp_p Ar^v$¡hsp cNhsu ipfv$p v$¡hu, b°pûu Apqv$ dps©NZ p¡s`p¡sp_p„ c|sNZp¡ krls s\p ArZdp, drldp hN¡f¡ kh® rkqÙ v$¡huAp¡ A_¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ ep¡rN_uAp¡_p NZp¡ Ðep„ `fpiqL$s_p v$i®_ L$fhp Apìep„. Ap D`fp„s c¥fh, n¡Ó`pg, dlpipõsp A_¡ NZp¡_p AN°ZuAp¡ cNhsu Açbp_p v$i®_ L$fhp Apìep„. dlpNZ¡ðf,

õL$Þv$(L$prs®L$¡e), bVy$L$, rhfcÖ Apqv$ Aphu_¡ _d° \B_¡ dlpv$¡hu_u õsyrs L$f¡ R>¡.

rhðL$dp®A¡ S>¡ _rh_ ky„v$f _Nfu_u fQ_p L$fu s¡_u v$uhpgp¡ f sp¡fZp¡ kÅh¡gp„ lsp„ A_¡ _Nfdp„ Qpf¡

10

sfa T„X$uAp¡ ip¡cu flu lsu. ip¡cpedp_ fpS>dpN® lsp¡ s\p rhipm NS>ipmp, Aðipmp A_¡ f\ipmp Ðep„

r_dp®Z L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. fpÅAp¡_p„, d„ÓuAp¡_p„ s\p k¥r_L$p¡_p„ dL$p_ s\p b°pûZ, nqÓe, h¥íe, iyÖ, h¥spg,

v$pkv$pkuAp¡_p„ ky„v$f r_hpk õ\p_ b_¡gp„ lsp„.

Ap _Nfu_u hÃQ¡ qv$ìe fpS>dl¡g Aph¡gp¡ lsp¡. s¡ fpS>dl¡g v$fhpÅAp¡, Np¡`yfp¡\u ip¡cpedp_ lsp¡. s¡

rhipm dl¡gdp„ bly S> ipMpAp¡ lsu. s¡dS> hÃQ¡_p cpNdp„ rhipm dy¿e kcpd„X$`\u s¡ fpS>dl¡g M|b S>

kyip¡rcs S>Zpsp¡ lsp¡. s¡ kcpM„X$ s\p s¡dp„_p„ Apk_p¡ _hfÐ_p¡_p„ b_¡gp„ lsp„. hÃQ¡_y„ qv$ìe tklpk_

tQspdrZAp¡_y„ b_¡gy„ lsy„. s¡ tQspdrZAp¡_p TNTNpV$\u tklpk_ ÅZ¡ õhe„ âL$pris lp¡e s¡hy„ S>Zpsy„ lsy„. s¡

tklpk__p¡ âL$pi ÅZ¡ qv$ìe k|e®_pfpeZ_p Dv$e kde_p âL$pi S>¡hp¡ Av$¹c|s lsp¡.

gp¡L$r`spdl b°ûpÆ Ap î¡óW$ _Nfu_¡ Å¡B_¡ rhQpf L$fhp gpÁep L$¡ Ap _Nfdp„ L$p¡B`Z _p_L$X$p¡ bpmL$

`Z fl¡i¡ sp¡ s¡ _Nf_p âcph\u kh®gp¡L$p¡dp„ î¡óW$ \B S>i¡. A¡L$gu ÷u fpÄe L$fhp dpV$¡ ep¡Áe _\u. A¡L$gp¡ y{$j

`Z fpÄe L$fhp dpV$¡ ep¡Áe _\u. d„Nm ApQpf\u eyL$s lp¡e, dlp`y{$jp¡ S>¡hp„ S>¡_p„ gnZp¡ lp¡e A_¡ A_yL|$m

`Ð_u\u eyL$s lp¡e s¡_p¡ fpÄeprcj¡L$ \B iL$¡ s¡d õd©rs L$l¡ R>¡. Ap S>¡ ky„v$f v$¡hu R>¡ s¡ kpnps¹ i©„Npf v$¡hsp R>¡. Ap_p¡

`rs qÓgp¡L$dp„ i„L$f rkhpe L$p¡B lp¡B iL$¡ _l]. Z i„L$f_¡ dõsL$¡ S>V$pTyÞX$ R>¡, Nmpdp„ k ®dpmp pfZ L$fu R>¡.

s¡d_p L$`pmdp„ ÓuSy„> _¡Ó R>¡, lp\dp„ L$`pg R>¡, ifuf f cõd gNpX$¡gu R>¡, Qdp®çbf pfZ L$ey¯ R>¡. Apd, i„L$f

cNhp__y„ kh® Ad„Nm R>¡ A_¡ v$¡hu_y„ kh® d„Nmde R>¡. A¡ v$¡hu i„L$f cNhp_ kp\¡ L$¡hu fus¡ rhhpl L$f¡ ? s¡_p¡

b°ûpÆ rhQpf L$fu füp lsp„.

b°ûpÆ_u qÜ^p ÅZu_¡ kh®o rih sÐL$pg L$fp¡X$p¡ L$pdv$¡hp¡_u kdp_ qv$ìe ê$`^pfu b_u Nep. qv$ìe h÷p¡

^pfZ L$ep® R>¡, qv$ìe dpmpAp¡ `l¡fu R>¡, qv$ìe kyN„r^s `v$p\p£_y„ ifuf `f g¡`_ L$ey¯ R>¡. fÐ_S>qX$s dyLy$V$, Ly„$X$g,

lpf, bpSy>b„^ hN¡f¡\u AÐe„s ip¡cpedp_ õhê$` R>¡. Aphp cNhp_ i„L$f, b°ûpÆ_u kdu`dp„ S>Ns_¡ dp¡l

`dpX$¡ s¡hp ê$`dp„ âNV$ \ep. gp¡L$r`spdl b°ûpÆA¡ s¡ kyLy$dpf_¡ AptgN_ L$ey¯. s¡d_y„ ky„v$f ifuf ê$` Å¡B_¡ s¡d_y„

_pd b°ûpÆA¡ ""cNhp_ L$pd¡ðf'' fp¿ey„. A¡ fd iqL$s cNhsu Açbp_p A_yê$` S> Ap hf R>¡ A¡hp¡ r_òe

L$fu, s¡_u kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ cNhsu Açbp_u pk¡ Nep.

s¡ fd iqL$s cNhsu_u b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i õsyrs L$fhp gpÁep. d©N_p bÃQp S>¡hp _¡Óhpmp cNhsu_¡

Å¡B_¡ s¡ _uggp¡rls Ly$dpf (rih) cphph¡idp„ Aphu S>B_¡ buSy„> b y„ S> c|gu Nep.

`fd i[¼s Z rih_y„ L$pdv$¡h kdp_ ky„v$f õhê$` Å¡B_¡ dyÁ^ \ep A_¡ Ap dpfp A_yê$` R>¡ s¡d dpÞey„.

s¡Ap¡ A¡L$buÅ_¡ Å¡hp gpÁep A_¡ A¡L$buÅ_u L$pd_p L$fhp gpÁep. s¡Ap¡ bß¡ khp®Ðdcphhpmp lsp s\p

ûfS>hpmp A_¡ rhÓ d_hpmp lsp„. Ap\u s¡d_u d_p¡v$ip_¡ AÞe L$p¡B ÅZu iL$ey„ _l]. f„sy A¡L$ dyl|s® e®Þs

s¡Ap¡ b„_¡_y„ rQÑ Aõhõ\ bÞey„.

kh® gp¡L$_p A¡L$ S> dlpv$¡hu_¡ b°ûpÆ L$l¡hp gpÁep : l¡ dlpv$¡hu ! v$¡hp¡, Np„^hp£, F$rjAp¡, AàkfpAp¡_p

kd|lp¡ sdpfp rhhpldp„ sdp¡_¡ õhprd_u sfuL$¡ Å¡hp BÃR>¡ R>¡. l¡ v$¡hu ! sdpfp A_yê$` L$p¡Z y{$j R>¡ ? S>¡ Þe R>¡ !

kdõs gp¡L$p¡_y„ fnZ pg_ L$fhp dpV$¡ s¡ fd yê$j_p¡ sd¡ õhuL$pf L$fp¡. s¡ fd`yê$j_p sd¡ dlpfpZu \pAp¡ A_¡

Ap îu_Nf_u kpd°pou \B_¡ sd¡ î¡óW$ fpÄetklpk_ `f rhfpS>dp_ \pAp¡. r_ó`p` v$¡h F$rjAp¡ Üpfp sdpfp¡ *

11

fpÄeprcj¡L$ \i¡. sdpfp kpd°pS>e rQŒp¡ Qpf¡ bpSy> gNpX$ep li¡ A_¡ kh® Apc|jZp¡\u kyip¡rcs li¡. sdpfp

àepfp sdpfu kp\¡ tklpk_ f rhfpS>dp_ li¡. Apd Adp¡ kh£ Å¡hp BÃR>uA¡ R>uA¡.

* Ap QfpQf k©[ô$ dp dlpiqL$s_y„ S> kpd°pS>e R>¡ s¡ dlpv$¡hu_y„ fd kpd°pou õhê$` Ap âL$fZdp„ ìeL$s \pe R>¡.

âL$fZ - 4

rhhpl DÐkh

b°ûpÆ_p„ hQ_ kp„cmu_¡ d„v$-d„v$ lksp„ cNhsu bp¡ëep : l¡ b°ûp, rhóÏ s\p kh£ v$¡hspNZ, ly„ kv$p õhs„Ó Ry„>. ly„ dpfu BÃR>p\u rhlpf L$fy„ Ry„>. d_¡ A_yê$` S>¡_„y ApQfZ li¡ s¡ d_¡ râe \i¡.

Ðepf¡ b^p„ v$¡hspAp¡ krls b°ûpÆ bp¡ëep : A¡hy„ S> \i¡.

`R>u dlpv$¡huA¡ d® A\® krls ApNm L$üy„ : A¡L$ _\u Mfuv$u_¡, A¡L$ L$pd\u Mfuv$u_¡, A¡L$ r spA¡ S>¡ v$p_ L$ey¯ lp¡e, A¡L$ p¡s¡ k„v$ L$fu_¡, Ap âdpZ¡ _pfu A_¡ yê$j_p Qpf âL$pf¡ rhhpl \pe. Apdp„, _\u Mfuv$u lp¡e s¡ v$pku L$l¡hpe, L$pd\u Mfuv$u lp¡e s¡ h¡íep L$l¡hpe, `p¡sp_u d¡m¡ S>¡ `k„v$Nu L$fu_¡ rhhpl L$f¡ s¡ Np„^h® rhhpl L$l¡hpe A_¡ r`sp A\hp dp¡V$p¡ cpB S>¡ v$p_ L$f¡ s¡ î¡óW$ rhhpl L$l¡hpe. kdp_ d®eyL$s r spA¡ S>¡ yÓu_y„ v$p_ L$ey¯ lp¡e s¡ î¡óW$ Ð_u L$l¡hpe. f„sy k„`|Z® S>Ns_y„ Apqv$L$pfZ ly„ p¡s¡ S> lp¡hp\u dpfy„ L$Þepv$p_ L$p¡Z L$f¡ ?

dlpv$¡huA¡ Ap âL$pf_p¡ cphp\® ìeL$s L$ep£ Ðepf¡ kh® v$¡hspAp¡ krls b°ûpÆ L$l¡hp gpÁep : L$pe®-L$pfZê$` cph\u frls Ap v$¡hu õhe„ S> fb°û R>¡. S>¡ Q¡s_ Ap_„v$ê$` R>¡ s¡ fb°û\u âL©$rs DÐ`ß \B. l¡ v$¡hu ! s¡ fb°û Z sd¡ S> R>p¡ A_¡ âL©$rs Z sd¡ S> R>p¡. l¡ cNhsu ! sd¡ Apqv$ A_pqv$ s¡dS> L$pe®L$pfZê$r`Zu R>p¡. k_L$pqv$ ep¡NuS>_p¡ sd_¡ S> r_f„sf ip¡û füp„ R>¡. kv$p L$pe®L$pfZê$` sd¡ S> R>p¡. ìeL$s A_¡ AìeL$s Z sd¡ S> R>p¡. sd¡ fb°ûê$` fd¡ðfu R>p¡. ep¡NuS>_p¡ sdpfu S> âi„kp L$f¡ R>¡. k©[ô$_p Apqv$L$pmdp„ sd¡ S> fQ_p L$fp¡ R>p¡ A_¡ dÝeL$pmdp„ sd¡ S> fnp L$fp¡ R>p¡. dpV$¡ gp¡L$p¡ f A_yN°l L$fhp dpV$¡ sd¡ L$p¡B A¡L$ y{$j_p¡ õhuL$pf L$fp¡.

Aphu fus¡ kh®v$¡hspAp¡ krls b°ûpÆA¡ v$¡hu_¡ âp\®_p L$fu s¡hu cNhsuA¡ `p¡sp_p L$fL$dm\u yó`_u A¡L$ dpmp ApL$pidp„ a¢L$u. cNhsuA¡ a¢L$¡gu yó`dpmp ApL$pidp„ ip¡cpedp_ \B_¡ R>u L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h_p L„$W$dp„ `l¡fphpB NB. Apd dlpv$¡huA¡ `p¡sp_p `rs_y„ Qe_ L$fu gu y„ s¡ ÅZu_¡ b°ûp, rhóÏ s\p kh® v$¡hp¡ M|b S> Ap_„qv$s \ep. hpv$mp„Ap¡dp„\u v$¡hp¡A¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f yó`h©[ô$ L$fu A_¡ h_ d„v$d„v$ hl¡hp gpÁep¡.

Ðepfbpv$ b°ûpÆ, cNhp_ S>_pv®$_ rhóÏ_¡ L$l¡hp gpÁep : l¡ rhóZp¡ ! lh¡ sd¡ lf rih A_¡ iqL$s_p¡ rhr^hs¹ rhhpl L$fp¡. l¡ v$¡h, S>Ns_¡ d„Ngde L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap OX$u Aphu R>¡. l¡ Ú_pc, Ap dlpv$¡hu sdpfy„ S> ê$` R>¡. sdp¡ Ap v$¡hu_u kp\¡ S> âNV$ \ep R>p¡, dpV$¡ L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h_¡ Ap L$ëepZu v$¡hu_y„ L$Þepv$p_ L$fhp dpV$¡ sd¡ S> ep¡Áe R>p¡. v$¡hspAp¡_p õhpdu S>¡ qÓc„Nu ip¡cphpmp îulqf R>¡ s¡dZ¡ b°ûpÆ_y„ Ap hQ_ kp„cmu, cNhsu v$¡hu_p¡ lõs âurskrls A_¡ rhr^`|h®L$ i„L$f cNhp__¡ Apàep¡. v$¡hp¡, F$rjAp¡, r`s©NZp¡ s\p kh® v$¡hep¡NuAp¡ AÐe„s lrj®s \ep A_¡ d„Ngk|QL$ iåv$p¡_yy„ DÃQpfZ L$fhp gpÁep„.

12

Apd, Apqv$ L$¡ih¡ rih_¡ iqL$s_y„ v$p_ L$ey¯. Ap fus¡ L$Þepv$p__u rhr^ k„`ß \B. rih iqL$s_y„ Apqv$ L$¡ih¡ L$ëepZ L$ey¯.

b°ûpÆ krls kh® v$¡hspAp¡ s¡ iqL$s_¡ rh^rh^ c¡V$p¡ v$¡hp gpÁep„. b°ûpÆA¡ v$¡hu_¡ hÇ>kpf, _pi frls i¡fX$u_y„ ^_yj v$u^y„, A_¡ _pifrls s\p drg_ _ \pe s¡hp qv$ìe yó`p¡_p„ `p„Q bpZ Apàep„. S>m_p `rs hê$Z¡ dlpv$¡hu_¡ _pN`pi Apàep¡. âÅ`rs rhðL$dp®A¡ dlpv$¡hu_¡ A„Ly$i Apàep¡. Aq‚v$¡hspA¡ dlpv$¡hu_¡ âL$pidp_ dyNV$ Apàep¡, Q„Ö-k|e®A¡ L$p_dp„ `l¡fhp dpV$¡ TmL$sp„ Ly„$X$m Apàep„, õhe„ kdyÖ¡ _hfÐ_p¡_u dpmp Apù. v$¡hspAp¡_p Ar^`rs BÞÖv$¡hspA¡ Ad©s uhp_y„ pÓ Apàey„. Ly$b¡f¡ cNhsu_¡ ky„v$f tQspdrZAp¡_u dpmp Apù. kpd°pS>ek|QL$ R>Ó õhe„ gÿdu`rs cNhp_ rhóÏA¡ cNhsu_¡ Apàey„. N„Np, edy_pA¡ Q„Ödp kdp_ âL$pisp b¡ Qpdf cNhsu_¡ Apàep. ApW$ hky, ArNepf {$Ö, bpf Apqv$Ðe, b¡ A[ð_uLy$dpf A_¡ qv$Á`pg, dê$s NZ, Apqv$ v$¡hsp, Np„ hp£, s\p õhe„ fd¡ðf¡ p¡s`p¡sp_p„ Apey^p¡ M|b S> lj® |h®L$ v$¡hu_¡ A`®Z L$ep¯. kh£ v$¡hp¡A¡ Ap bû qv$ìe c¡V$p¡ D`fp„s M|b f\p¡, Op¡X$pAp¡, bmhp_ lp\uAp¡, KV$p¡, bmv$p¡ hN¡f¡ Apàep„. Ap b^p„ âpZuAp¡ qv$ìe lsp„ s¡Ap¡ c|M-sfk rh_p_p A_¡ hÇ> S>¡hu dS>b|s L$pep hpmp lsp„. A_¡ qv$ìe ip¡cphpmp f\p¡dp„ lr\epfp¡ hN¡f¡ krls yóL$m kpdN°u gv$pe¡gu lsu. Ap b^p„ kp\¡ Ak„¿e kpfp õhcph_p„ DÑd k¡hL$p¡ cNhsu_¡ A ®Z L$fhpdp„ Apìep„.

cNhsu A_¡ rih_p kpd°pS>e D`f Arcj¡L$ L$fhp dpV$¡ kh® v$¡hspAp¡, hkyAp¡, A[ð_uLy$dpfp¡, kpÝe v$¡hsp, Np„^hp£ rhrh^ s¥epfuAp¡ L$fhp gpÁep. b°ûpÆA¡ A¡L$ "Ly$kydpL$pf' _pd_y„ rhdp_ b_pìey„. s¡ L$v$u _ L$fdpe A¡hu yó`dpmpAp¡\u iZNpf¡gy„ lsy„. s¡dS> s¡ rhdp_ L$p¡B`Z A÷, i÷\u s|V$¡ _l] s¡hy„ lsy„. õhN®, ©Õhu A_¡ ApL$pidp„ BÃR>pâdpZ¡ gB S>hpe s¡hy„ s¡dS> kh® kp^_ kpdN°u\u cf`|f lsy„. s¡ rhdp_dp„ A¡hu kyN„^ lsu L$¡ s¡_p hpsphfZdp„ âh¡ihp\u c°p„rs, fp¡N, b¡Q¡_u A¡L$ S> nZdp„ _ô$ \B S>sp„. s¡ kyN„^ d__¡ Arsie Ap_„v$ Ap`_pfu lsu.

s¡ qv$ìe Ly$kydpL$pf rhdp_dp„ qv$ìe v„$`rs_¡ rhfpS>dp_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep„. N„Np, edy_p Qpdf Y$p¡mu füp„ R>¡. rhóÏ cNhp_¡ R>Ó ^fu fp¿ey„ R>¡. BÞÖ Apqv$ v$¡hspAp¡ Qp„v$u_u R>X$u `L$X$u Ecp R>¡. huZp, h¡Ï„, d©v„$N Apqv$ rhrh^ hp„rS>Óp¡ Üpfp v$¡hspAp¡ s¡ qv$ìe v„$`rs_u k¡hp L$fu füp R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_¡ DÑd k„Nus_p¡ Ap_„v$ Apù füp„ R>¡. A¡hp Av¹cys rhdp__u ip¡cpepÓp fpS>ch_dp„\u blpf Aph¡ R>¡.

îu _Nf_u kyip¡rcs rh\uL$pAp¡dp„ s¡ ip¡cpepÓp afhp gpNu. v$f¡L$ N©l¡-N©l¡ Ak„¿e AàkfpAp¡ S>¡hu kp¦v$e®hsu ÷uAp¡ lp\dp„ Qp¡Mp, ddfp A_¡ yó`p¡ gB_¡ qv$ìe-v„$`rs `f Arc_„v$_-hjp® L$fu flu R>¡. _Nf_u ÷uAp¡ L$p¡L$ug L„$W$¡ d„NgNusp¡ NpB flu R>¡ A_¡ lj®`|h®L$ `fõ`f d^yf hpZudp„ L$lu flu R>¡ L$¡ Aphp¡ qv$ìe gpc Ap`Z_¡ S> dýep¡, buS>¡ dm¡ _rl. s¡Ap¡ bû EdmL$pc¡f õhpNs L$fu_¡ s¡ v„$`rs_¡ k„sp¡j `dpX$u flu R>¡. AàkfpAp¡ Üpfp L$fpe¡gu Apfsu A_¡ `|S>__p¡ õhuL$pf L$fu_¡ s¡ v„$`rs fpÄekcpdp„ `^pep®. qv$ìe tklpk_ `f rih-iqL$s rhfpS>dp_ \ep.

Ap _Nfdp„ S>¡ dlp`yÎeipmu gp¡L$p¡ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡, s¡Ap¡ d_\u S>¡ L„$B L$pd_p L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ cNhsu |fu L$f¡

R>¡. kh®o cNhsu_y„ Ap QqfÓ b°ûpÆA¡ Å¡ey„ A_¡ kh®_u L$pd_pAp¡ `|Z® L$f_pfp cNhsu_y„ _pd "L$pdpnu'

fp¿ey„, s¡dS> AÞe A¡L$ _pd "L$pd¡ðfu' fp¿ey„. cNhsu_u Apop\u d¡O Apòe®S>_L$ hjp® L$f¡ R>¡. dlp_ qL„$dsu

13

hõsyAp¡ A_¡ qv$ìe Apc|jZp¡_p¡ ApL$pidp„\u hfkpv$ \pe R>¡. v$f¡L$ gp¡L$p¡_p Ofdp„ tQspdZu, L$ë`h©n, L$pd^¡_y

s¡dS> d|rs®dp_ gÿduv$¡hu, gp¡L$p¡_p DÐL$j® dpV$¡ fl¡ R>¡. îu_Nf_p„ gp¡L$p¡ pk¡ A¡V$gu kpdN°u lsu L$¡ S>¡\u L$p¡B`Z

L$pd L$ep® rkhpe kh® gp¡L$p¡ cNhsu_y„ v$i®_, õdfZ, tQs_, d__ L$fhp gpÁep„. kh®L$pmdp„ Ap_„v$, Ap_„v$ A_¡

bk Ap_„v$ kh£ gp¡L$p¡_¡ \hp gpÁep¡.

b°ûpÆ, rhóÏ cNhp_, kh® v$¡hp¡ krls BÞÖ v$¡h, kh® qv$ipAp¡_p„ Ar^`rsAp¡ s\p v$f¡L$ v$¡hu-v$¡hspAp¡

s¡ _Nfdp„ r_hpk L$fsp„ lsp„. _pfv$ Apqv$ v$¡hF$rjNZp¡, ep¡NuAp¡, d_y Apqv$ î¡óW$ fpÅNZ, dlrj® hrkóW$ Apqv$

s`p¡^_ kárj®NZ, N„^hp£, AàkfpAp¡, enNZp¡ s¡dS> kÐhv$¡hspAp¡ kl Ap _Nfdp„ Aphu hõep„ lsp„.

õhN®dp„, `©Õhudp„ s¡dS> A„sfundp„ \p¡Xy„$ \p¡Xy„$ vy$:M b^p_¡ lp¡e, `f„sy s¡ kh£ gp¡L$p¡ L$¡hm vy$:Mfrls \B_¡ Ap

_Nfdp„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. Ap fus¡ hpÐkëedeu S>Nv„$bp_y„ kpduàe s¡ kh£_¡ âpá \ey„ lsy„. s¡ _NfhpkuAp¡_¡ qv$ìedpsp

r_f„sf k„sp¡j A_¡ â¡d Ap`sp lsp„. c|gp¡L$dp„ fpÅ S>¡hu fus¡ âÅ_u bû S> AphíeL$spAp¡_y„ Ýep_ fpM¡ R>¡ s¡hu

S> fus¡ dlp cNhsu Ap _Nf_p„ gp¡L$p¡_u S>¡ L„$B BÃR>p lp¡e s¡ L$ë`h©n_u S>¡d |Z® L$fu v$¡ R>¡.

qÓgp¡L$_¡ ph_ L$fhphpmp A„bp krls L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h_p A_¡L$ hj® AÐe„s kyM`|h®L$, ÅZ¡ A¡L$ nZdp„

husu Nep„. Ðepfbpv$ _pfv$ F$rj fdiqL$s_¡ _dõL$pf L$fu _d°sp`|h®L$ bp¡ëep : l¡ cNhsu, Ap` fd b°û R>p¡,

`fd pd R>p¡, sdp¡ rhÓ fd¡ðfu R>p¡. L$pe®-L$pfZcph, k„L$ë`, rhL$ë` Apqv$_p L$f_pf Ap` S> R>p¡. S>Ns_p

L$ëepZ dpV$¡ cNhsu, Ap` âNV$ \ep R>p¡. Akyfp¡_p¡ _pi L$fhp¡ s¡dS> kÄS>_p¡_y„ fnZ L$fhy„ A¡ Ap`_u âh©qÑ

R>¡. l¡ v$¡hu ! Ap c„X$pkyf R>¡ s¡ ÓZ¡ gp¡L$_¡ vy$:M Ap`¡ R>¡. sd¡ A¡L$ S> A¡hp R>p¡ L$¡ S>¡ s¡_¡ Æsu iL$p¡ s¡d R>p¡. buSy„>

L$p¡B s¡_¡ Æsu iL$¡ s¡d _\u.

l¡ cNhsu ! Ap kh£ v$¡hspAp¡ c„X$pkyf\u Ópku_¡ `p¡s`p¡sp_p„ õ\p_\u h„rQs \B, Al] OZp gp„bp

kde\u Ap`_u ifZdp„ flu_¡ Ap`_u k¡hp L$fu füp„ R>¡. sdpfu Apop lp¡e sp¡ lh¡ s¡Ap¡ kh£ y_: p¡s p¡sp_p

_Nfdp„ Åe, s\p Ap`_u L©$`p\u v$¡hspAp¡ r_c®e A_¡ kd©Ù \B_¡ `p¡sp_p„ L$pep£ r_rh®Â_¡ L$fu iL$¡ A¡hu kh£_u

âp\®_p R>¡. ArMg¡ðfu v$¡hu_¡ _pfv$ÆA¡ Ap âdpZ¡ rh_„su L$fu Ðepf¡ cNhsuA¡ v$f¡L$ v$¡hspAp¡_¡ Aprihp®v$

Apù_¡ `p¡s`p¡sp_p„ _Nfdp„ dp¡L$ëep„. b°ûpÆ, rhóÏ cNhp_ A_¡ qv$¼¹`pgp¡_p¡ kÐL$pf L$fu_¡ s¡d_¡ `Z

`p¡s`p¡sp_p õ\p_¡ dp¡L$ëep. cNhsu_¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ S>hy„ s¡ A`fp^ R>¡ dpV$¡ v$f¡L$ v$¡hspAp¡ `p¡sp_p A¡L$-A¡L$ A„i\u

cNhsu_u pk¡ füp„, A_¡ A¡L$-A¡L$ A„i\u p¡sp_p„ õ\p_¡ Nep„.

* Ap Ap¿ep__y„ dlpÐçe Av¹cys R>¡. s¡_p¡ pW$ L$fhp\u Apeyóe h ¡ R>¡. s¡dS> Ap d„Ngde A_¡ iycsp

âv$p_ L$f_pfy„ QqfÓ R>¡.cNhsu_y„ lh_Ly„$X$dp„\u âp¼V$e \hy„ A_¡ rih-iqL$s_p¡ fpÄeprcj¡L$ - Ap ky„v$f âk„Np¡_y„

hp„Q_, õdfZ, îÙp-cqL$s`|h®L$ L$fhp\u, s¡ cL$s_y„ Ap gp¡L$ s¡dS> `fgp¡L$dp„ L$v$u `Z Aiyc _l] \pe.

Æh_dp„ M|b ei âpá \pe, __u M|b h©qÙ \pe, Ad©s kdp_ duW$u hpZu \pe, b°ûrhÛp_u AQg âpqá \pe

A_¡ X$Ng¡_¡ Ng¡ s¡_y„ L$ëepZ \i¡. s¡_¡ L$v$u Z ce _rl gpN¡ s\p s¡ s¡S>õhu A_¡ hufÐhhpmp¡ \i¡. s¡ ÓZ¡e

âL$pf_p kp„kpqfL$ sp` (Apr^, ìepr^ A_¡ D`prÂp¡)\u dy¼s A_¡ kh® yê$jp\® (^d®, A\®, L$pd, dp¡n)\u

`qf |Z® \i¡. S>¡ v$ffp¡S> ÓZ¡ k„Ýepdp„ (khpf, b`p¡f, kp„S>) Ap QqfÓ_p¡ pW$ L$f¡ A_¡ îu cNhsu_y„ tQs_ L$f¡

s¡_¡ R> drl_pdp„ cNhsu_u L©$`p âpá \B Åe A_¡ s¡ c¼sp¡dp„ DÑd c¼s b_u Åe.

14

âL$fZ - 5

k¥Þekrls rhS>eepÓp

fpÄeprcj¡L$ `R>u S>Nv„$bp grgsp `fd¡ðfuA¡ qÓgp¡L$_p L„$V$L$ê$` c„X$L$ v$¥Ðe_¡ Æshp dpV$¡ âepZ L$ey¯.

s¡d_u kk¥Þe rhS>eepÓp_p âepZ kde¡ kps kdyÖp¡_p NS®>_ S>¡hp„ hpÅ„ hpNhp dp„X$ep„. bly âL$pf_p hprS„>Óp¡_p

AhpÅ¡\u ApL$pi R>hpB Ney„. d©v„$N, dyfS>, flp¡, N¡gyL$p, Tëgfu, N„^p, Vy$Xy$L$p, ly„X$L$ A_¡ O„V$p, Y$p¡g, _fk]Np,

A ®Q„qÖL$p, d©ô$uk„Ýep, dv$¹gp, X$uÿ`p, S>fS>fp, hfusp, L$p„rkep, d„Æfp, DÆL$, Q¡hyly„X$p, r_ipl, bfbfp,

ly„L$pfp, L$pNX$p_u Qp„Q S>¡hp hpÅ„ s\p buÅ„ A_¡L$ âL$pf_p hprS„>Óp¡ iqL$sAp¡_u k¡_p hNpX$hp gpNu.

cNhsu grgsp A„bp fd¡ðfu_p A„Ly$idp„\u k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu âNV$ \B A_¡ iqL$sk¡_p kp\¡ Qpghp gpNu.

ANrZs lp\u, Op¡X$p A_¡ f\p¡_u „qL$sAp¡_u hÃQ¡ b`p¡f_p k|e®_pfpeZ_p âL$pi S>¡hu s¡S>õhu_u k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu

Qpgu. k„ ÐL$fu v$¡hu S>¡_u D`f khpfu L$fu füp lsp s¡ h®spL$pf rhipmL$pe lp\u_y„ _pd "fZ L$p¡gplg' lsy„. s¡

lp\u dshpgp¡ A_¡ k„N°pd râe lsp¡. s¡_u kp\¡ M|b rhipm k¡_p Op¡f iåv$ L$fsu Qpgu. v$f¡L$ KQp f\ f afL$su

^ÅAp¡ ÅZ¡ ApL$pi_p hpv$mp¡_¡ Qufu_¡ S>B flu lsu.

k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu_p ky„v$f ifuf f L$p„V$phpmy„ hÇ>_y„ (`p¡gpv$_y„) b¿sf kyip¡rcs \B füy„ R>¡. s¡d_p lõsdp„

edfpS>_u L$pmê$ù c°yLy$qV$ S>¡hp ApL$pf_u ce„L$f sghpf R>¡. âgeL$pm_p hpey\u S>¡d h®sp¡ Qgpedp_ \B Åe

s¡hp„ v$¡Mphhpmu âQ„X$ lp\u-k¡_p s¡d_y„ A_ykfZ L$fu flu R>¡. (A\p®s¹ s¡d_u k¡_p_p„ lp\uAp¡ Qpgsp„ `h®sp¡

S>¡hp„ âQ„X$ lsp„.)

Ðepfbpv$, îu grgspA„bp fd¡ðfu_p pi_p Apey^dp„\u Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu âNV$ \B. Ap AÐe„s s¡S>õhu

A_¡ bghsu v$¡hu_u kp\¡ Aðp¡_u k¡_p Qpgu flu R>¡. Aðp¡_p lZlZpV$_p¡ iåv$ ApL$pi es lp¢Qu füp¡ R>¡.

v$¡i-rhv$¡i_p A_¡L$ âL$pf_p Aðp¡ Ap k¡_p_u ip¡cp h^pfu füp„ R>¡. eh_, Apey, L„$bp¡S>, `pfkv$¡i, tk^,

Y„$L$Zv$¡i, lpX$u âv$¡i, AÅ_ v$¡i, OV$v$pf v$¡i, v$fv$ v$¡i, h_ v$¡i, Np„^h® v$¡i s\p |h® v$¡i_p Åshp_ Op¡X$pAp¡

dshpgu Qpg\u ApNm hû füp„ lsp„. Ap Op¡X$pAp¡ kpfu fus¡ L$¡mhpe¡gp„ A_¡ rh_d° lsp„. khpfu_¡ kpfu fus¡ gB

Åe s¡hp„, qõ\f rQÑhpmp, s¡dS> M|b S> h¡Nh„sp lsp„. s¡Ap¡ dprgL$_p rQÑ âdpZ¡ Qpg_pfp„, eyÙdp„ kl_

L$fhphpmp„, iyc gnZp¡\u ey¼s, L$kpe¡gp ifufhpmp A_¡ ¾$p¡ _¡ Æs¡gp„ õhõ\ õhcphhpmp lsp„. Ap Aðp¡_¡

eyÙ_y„ ârinZ Ap`hpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„. s¡Ap¡ S>mdp„ Z sfu Åe s¡hp„ lsp„. s¡ Op¡X$pAp¡_p L$`pmdp„ ka¡v$ qV$gp„ lsp„

s¡dS> ifuf D`f ka¡v$ V$ugp„ lsp„, v$¡hL$dm A_¡ v$¡hdrZ, v$¡h õhqõsL$ hN¡f¡ rQŒp¡ lsp„. õhqõsL$_y„ rQŒ,

R>u`gp„_y„ rQŒ, a|g_u L$mu_y„ rQŒ s¡ iyc gnZp¡ R>¡. S>e A_¡ fpÄe Ap`hphpmp R>¡. hpey kdp_ h¡Nhpmp s¡

Op¡X$pAp¡ Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu_u kp\¡ Qpëep.

"A`fprS>s' _pd_p¡ Að, S>¡ M|b s¡S>õhu A_¡ kly\u Q„Qm lsp¡ s\p s¡_y„ M|b S> dS>b|s ifuf lsy„

s¡ kp¥\u ApNm Qpgu füp¡ lsp¡. s¡ Op¡X$p D`f Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu Apê$Y$ \ep lsp„. s¡ Op¡X$p_u L$¡ihpmu b„_¡ bpSy> AX$û

AX$û gmu flu lsu. s¡ p¡sp_u y„R> lgph¡ sp¡ hpv$mp¡_¡ Z v|$f L$fu v$¡ s¡hp¡ lsp¡. s¡ A`fprS>s Op¡X$p_p kp\mdp„

15

fÐ_S>qX$s OyOfpAp¡ bp„ ¡gp lsp„. s¡ Op¡X$p_p X$pbgp S>du_ f `X$sp„ lsp„ Ðepf¡ s¡ OyOfpAp¡_p¡ d^yf AhpS> \B

füp¡ lsp¡. rhS>e âpá L$fhp dpV$¡ DÐkpl h^pf_pfp„ A_¡L$ âL$pf_p„ hpÅ„Ap¡_p Av¹cys Ýhr_ hX$¡ ApMy„ c|d„X$m

ÅZ¡ ìepá \B fley„ lsy„. Op¡X$p_u Qpg A_¡ Nrs ÅZ¡ rhS>e \i¡ S> s¡hp iyc iyL$__¡ k|Qhu flu lsu. Aðpê$Y$p

v$¡hu_¡ b„_¡ bpSy>A¡ kMuAp¡ Qpdf Y$p¡mu flu R>¡, s¡ ka¡v$ Qpdf ÅZ¡ A`fprS>s Að_u b¡ qv$ìe p„Mp¡ lp¡e s¡hp„

ip¡cu füp„ R>¡. Op¡X$p_p OyOfp-OyOfuAp¡_p„ AhpS> Aphu füp„ R>¡. Ap AhpS>\u Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu ÅZ¡ Akyfp¡_p¡

rsfõL$pf L$fu füp„ lp¡e s¡d ApNm hû füp„ R>¡. s¡ Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu_¡ Qpf cyÅAp¡ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ Qpf¡ lõsdp„ `pi,

A„Ly$i, h¡Ó (R>X$u) A_¡ gNpd L$X$ep„ R>¡. Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu M|b S> bmhp_ R>¡. b`p¡f_p bpf hpÁep_p k|e®_p âL$pi

S>¡hp ÅÄS>hëedp_ R>¡. s¡d_p¡ L„$v$p¡fp¡ Aq‚ S>¡hp¡ âL$pris \B füp¡ R>¡. Aphp Av¹cys ky„v$f õhê$`hpmp Aðpê$Y$p

v$¡hu Að_¡ _Qphsp Aðk¡_p krls ApNm Qpëep„.

Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu R>u v„$X$_p\p (hpfplu) v$¡hu k¡_p krls Apìep„. s¡d_p ApNd_ hMs¡ A¡hp„ _Npfp„ hpÁep„ L$¡ S>Ns bl¡fy„ \B Ney„. s¡d_u `pk¡ hÇ> S>¡hp„ bpZ lsp„ s¡_p\u s¡Ap¡ ÅZ¡ v$k¡ qv$ipAp¡_¡ h]û _p„Mi¡ s¡hy„

S>Zpsy„ lsy„. s¡d_u cyÅAp¡ AÐe„s bmhp_ R>¡. k¡_p ApNm Qpgsu lsu Ðepf¡ L$p¡B A¡L$ iqL$s pR>m flu S>hp\u s¡ lp\dp„ MX$N, cpgp¡ gB_¡ ApL$pidp„ EX$u_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u kdu`dp„ Aphu `lp¢Qu. kyip¡rcs cìe

k¡_pepÓp_¡ Å¡hp dpV$¡ `yóL$m âÅS>_p¡_u cuX$ S>dp \B flu lsu S>¡_p\u k¡_pAp¡ O¡fpB S>hp gpNu. Ap\u gp¡L$p¡_u cuX$_¡ v|$f L$fhp dpV$¡ iqL$sAp¡ _lp¡f dpfu_¡ k¡_p_¡ Qpghp_p¡ fõsp¡ L$fu flu R>¡. Qpf¡L$p¡f ÅAp¡ v$¡Mphp gpNu R>¡. L$p¡B ^Ådp„ `pX$p_y„ rQŒ R>¡, sp¡ L$p¡B ^Ådp„ lfZ_y„, s\p L$¡V$gue ^ÅAp¡dp„ tkl_y„ rQŒ R>¡. lÅfp¡

iqL$sAp¡ dp\¡ ka¡v$ R>ÓuAp¡ pfZ L$fu Qpgu flu R>¡.

âL$fZ - 6

v„$X$_p\p - íepdgp k¡_pepÓp

Äepf¡ v„$X$_p\p (hpfplu) v$¡hu Qpghp gpÁep Ðepf¡ s¡d_u k¡_pdp„ iqL$sAp¡A¡ pfZ L$f¡gu ka¡v$ R>ÓuAp¡\u ApL$pi R>hpB Ney„, ÅZ¡ Ak„¿e Q„ÖdpAp¡ ApL$pidp„ A¡L$u hMs¡ Dqv$s \B Nep„ lp¡e s¡hu A`|h® ip¡cp \B flu. Ak„¿e R>ÓuAp¡ A¡L$buÆ_¡ AX$u_¡ fl¡gu lp¡hp\u k|e®âL$pi fp¡L$pB Nep¡ A_¡ A„^pfy„ \B Ney„ s\p R>ÓuAp¡_p v„$X$dp„ S>¡ âL$pidp_ drZAp¡ gpN¡gp„ lsp„ s¡_p\u âL$pi \B Nep¡.

spgh©n_p dp¡V$p„ `p_ S>¡hp„ kp¡-kp¡ kmu hpmp rhipm „Mp gB_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u kp\¡ iqL$sAp¡ Qpgu flu R>¡.

Q„X$ A_¡ v$„X$ _pd_p suh° õhcphhpmp b¡ c¥fhp¡ lp\dp„ qÓi|g gB_¡ k¡_p kp\¡ Qpgu füp R>¡ s¡d_p hpm ùmp Aq‚ S>¡hp âL$pris R>¡, ÅZ¡ huS>mu âL$pisu lp¡e s¡d Qpf¡L$p¡f âL$pi õayfu füp¡ R>¡. suÿZ Aq‚ S>¡hp„ bpZp¡\u v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ _pi L$fu _pMhp dpV$¡ hpfplu v$¡hu_u k¡_p riõsbÙ fus¡ Qpgu flu R>¡.

hpfplu v$¡hu_p v$¡Mph, ApL$pf, h÷p¡, Apc|jZp¡, lr\epfp¡ s¡dS> hpl_ S>¡ âL$pf_p„ R>¡ s¡hp„ S> v$¡Mph, ApL$pf, h÷pc|jZ, lr\epfp¡ s\p hpl_p¡ s¡d_u i[¼s k¡_p_p„ Z R>¡. i[L$sk¡_p_p„ v$p„s suÿZ R>¡ A_¡ dyMdp„\u

16

Aq‚ A_¡ ydpX$p¡ _uL$mu füp„ R>¡, S>¡_p\u ApMy„ ApL$pi R>hpB Ney„ R>¡. L$p¡B íepd f„N_u i[¼sAp¡ R>¡ sp¡ L$p¡B ump f„N_u i[¼sAp¡ R>¡. s¡d_p„ _¡Óp¡ ¾y$f R>¡. lÅfp¡ pX$pAp¡ D`f hpfplu v$¡hu_u k¡_p khpf \e¡gu R>¡. hpfplu v$¡hu_p¡ DÑd f\ R>¡ S>¡_y„ _pd "L$ufuQ¾$' R>¡.

L$ufuQ¾$ f\dp„\u Esfu_¡ hpfplu v$¡hu ce„L$f tkl D`f b¡W$p. s¡ tkl_y„ _pd hÇ>Op¡j sfuL$¡ ârkÙ R>¡. s¡ tkl s¡_u L$¡ihpmu lgphu füp¡ R>¡, s¡Z¡ rhL$fpm dp¡Yy„$ apX$ey„ R>¡. s¡_p„ _¡Óp¡ cep_L$ R>¡. s¡_p v$p„s_p L$QL$QpV$\u Qpf¡ qv$ipAp¡_¡ bl¡fu b_phu v$uû R>¡. Apqv$ Ly$d® (L$ÃR>` Ahspf)_u L$W$p¡f Y$pg S>¡hp„ dS>bys s¡_p suÿZ _M R>¡. ApMu `©Õhu_¡ ÅZ¡ ù S>i¡ s¡d s¡_u Æc g`g`phu füp¡ R>¡. hÇ>Op¡j tkl ÓZ ep¡S>_ KQp¡, âQ„X$ ApL$pfhpmp¡ A_¡ AÐe„s bmhp_ R>¡. s¡_u L$¡ihpmu h¡N\u KQu L$f¡gu R>¡. s¡ Av¹cys tkl_p hpl_ D`f khpfu L$fu_¡ v„$X$_preL$p hpfplu v$¡hu ApNm Qpëep„.

hpfplu v$¡hu ¾$p¡^\u Akyfp¡_p¡ _pi L$fhp âh©Ñ \ep Ðepf¡ Qf-AQf ÓZ¡e gp¡L$dp„ NcfpV$ a¡gpB Nep¡. Ap DN° ê$`hpmp hpfplu v$¡hu (ep¡rN_u v$¡hu) iy„ rhð_¡ bpmu v$¡i¡ ? iy„ d|im_p ApOps\u `©Õhu_p b¡ Vy$L$X$p L$fu _pMi¡ ? A\hp lm_p ApOps\u kdyÖ_¡ Mmcmphu _pMi¡ ? Aphp rhQpfp¡\u ApL$pidp„ v$¡hspNZ X$fhp gpÁep. v$¡hspAp¡ cecus \B_¡ hpfplu v$¡hu_u k¡_p\u, `p¡sp_p rhdp_p¡_¡ v|$f gB Nep A_¡ v|$f\u S> X$fu_¡ s¡ k¡_p_¡ Å¡hp gpÁep„. v$¡hspAp¡ lp\ Å¡X$u_¡ hpfplu v$¡hu_¡ h„v$_ L$fhp gpÁep A_¡ ApL$pidp„ Ecp flu_¡ cNhsu_u bpf _pdp¡\u õsyrs L$fhp gpÁep„.

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep L$¡ Ap v$¡hu_p„ bpf _pd L$ep„ R>¡ s¡ Ad_¡ L$lp¡. Ap _pdp¡_¡ Ad¡ ÅZsp _\u. l¡ dlpbyqÙdp_ leN°uhÆ, Ad_¡ s¡ _pdp¡ ÅZhp_u BÃR>p R>¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, s¡ hpfplu v$¡hu_p„ bpf _pd kp„cmp¡, S>¡_p hX$¡ õsyrs L$fhp\u s¡Ap¡ âkß \B Åe R>¡ : `„Qdu, v„$X$_p\p, k„L$¡sp, kde¡ðfu, kde k„L$¡sp, hpfplu, `p¡qÓZu, hpsp®gu,

dlpk¡_p, Apop, Q¾$¡ðfu, AqfÂ_u - Ap bpf _pdp¡ \ep„. l¡ dyr_ ! Ap bpf _pd hÇ>_p„ R>¡. Ap _pdp¡_y„ S>¡ d_yóe õdfZ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ d_yóe k„L$V$dp„ L$v$u Z vy$:M _l] A_ych¡.

Ap bpf _pdp¡\u v$¡hspAp¡A¡ k„L$¡sp (hpfplu) v$¡hu_u õsyrs L$fu. s¡_p\u âkß \B_¡ k„L$¡sp v$¡hu, v$¡hspAp¡ D`f A_yN°l L$fu_¡ ApNm Qpëep. Ðepf `R>u k„L$¡sp v$¡hu A_¡ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_p ApNd__y„ k|Q_ L$fhphpmp L$lpgu _pd_p„ hpÅ„, v$¡hspAp¡ Üpfp õhN®gp¡L$dp„ hNpX$hpdp„ Apìep„.

Ðepfbpv$ rhrh^ Apc|jZp¡\u iZNpf L$f¡gu, íepdky„v$f L$p„rshpmu, tkl S>¡hp `fp¾$dhpmu, lp\dp„ huZp pfZ L$f_pfu iqL$sAp¡_u k¡_p _uL$mu. L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡ Npe R>¡, L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡ _pQ¡ R>¡, L$p¡B L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡_p¡ L$p¡eg S>¡hp¡ d yf L„$W$ R>¡. huZp, h¡Ï„ A_¡ d©v„$N_p spg¡ s¡ iqL$sAp¡ Aphu flu R>¡.

S>Ns_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ Ap_„v$ dpX$su íepd iqL$sAp¡ Aphu flu R>¡. L$p¡B_y„ de|f hpl_ R>¡ sp¡ L$p¡B_y„ l„k hpl_ R>¡. L$p¡B iqL$s _p¡rmep D`f b¡W$u R>¡, sp¡ L$p¡B iqL$s L$p„V$pmp âpZu D`f b¡W$u R>¡. L$p¡B iqL$s Op¡X$p D`f b¡W$u R>¡ sp¡ L$p¡B iqL$s f\dp„ b¡W$u R>¡. Qpf¡L$p¡f íepdf„N R>hpB Nep¡ R>¡. L$p¡B-L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡A¡ L$pv„$bfu d^y`p_ L$ey¯ R>¡. d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_¡ ApNm fpMu_¡ Ap iqL$sAp¡ Qpgu flu R>¡.

S>¡ iqL$sAp¡ Op¡X$p D`f A_¡ f\dp„ b¡W$u R>¡, s¡_u KQu KQu Å afL$u flu R>¡. iqL$sAp¡A¡ gpg k|e® S>¡hp„

17

L$hQ l¡ep® R>¡, A_¡ s¡d_p„ _¡Óp¡ dv$\u Q„Qm \B füp„ R>¡. ky„v$f dyML$dm f \e¡gp„ âõh¡v$\u s¡ iqL$sAp¡ ip¡cu flu R>¡. `p¡sp_u c°|Ly$V$u _Qphsu s¡ iqL$sAp¡ Qpf¡bpSy> L$V$pn\u Å¡B flu R>¡.iqL$sk¡_pdp„ bû iqL$sAp¡ A¡L$\u A¡L$ bmhp_ R>¡. s¡d_u D`f ÓZ M|Zphpmp dp¡V$p dp¡f`]R>_p„ R>Ó R>¡.

Ap iqL$sAp¡_y„ ApNd_ ÅZ¡ rhS>e d¡mhi¡ S> s¡d âsus \B füy„ R>¡. dp grgspA„bp_u dy¿ed„qÓZu

L$pmu âL©$rs, íepdgp v$¡hu (d„Óu_p\p) k¡_p_u ApN¡hp_u L$fu füp R>¡. Ap íepdgp v$¡hu_u v$¡hspAp¡ kp¡m _pdp¡\u

õsyrs L$f¡ R>¡. Ap kp¡m _pdp¡, l¡ ANõÐe F$rj ! sd¡ kp„cmp¡ : k„Nus ep¡rN_u, íepdp, íepdgp, d„Ó_preL$p,

d„ÓuZu, krQh¡iu, â^p_¡iu, iyL$râep, huZphsu, h¥rZL$u, dyqÖ$Zu, râeL$râep, _u`râep,

L$v„$b¡iu, L$v„$bh_hprk_u, kv$pdv$p.

v$¡l^pfu d_yóe Ap kp¡m _pd_p¡ A¡L$ S> hpf pW$ L$f¡ sp¡ qÓgp¡L$ s¡_p lp\dp„ Aphu Åe s¡dp„ k„ie _\u.

d„Óu_p\p S>ep„ `Z L$V$pn\u Sy>A¡ R>¡ Ðep„ S> iÓy k¡_pAp¡ _ô$ \B Åe R>¡. dp grgsp A„bp `fd¡ðfu

A_¡ iqL$sk¡_pAp¡_u k¡hpdp„ S>¡ L„$B cqL$scph`|h®L$ A ®Z L$fpe R>¡ s¡_y„ yÎeag c¼sp¡_¡ kh®Ó S>e A_¡ kamsp

Ap`_pfy„ R>¡. (A„bpÆ_¡ cL$sp¡ S>¡ L„$B Ap`¡ R>¡ s¡_y„ A_¡L$NÏ„ \B_¡ cL$sp¡_u kd©qÙ h^su S> Åe R>¡ Aphp¡

dpspÆ A_¡ s¡d_u i[¼sAp¡_u L©$`p_p¡ QdÐL$pf R>¡.)

k„Nusep¡rN_u (d„Óu_p\p)_p lp\dp„ A¡L$ `p¡`V$_y„ bÃQy„ R>¡. s¡ bÃQpdp„\u d|rs®d„s _yh£v$ _uL$ýep¡ A_¡

d_yóeê$`dp„ lp\dp„ ^_yóe A_¡ bpZ gB_¡ d„Óu_p\p_u kdn Ecp¡ füp¡. Ap ^_yh£v$_¡ Qpf cyÅAp¡ R>¡, ÓZ

dp\p„ R>¡ A_¡ ÓZ _¡Ó R>¡. d„Óu_p\p_p¡ cqL$s`|h®L$ _dõL$pf L$fu_¡ s¡ _yh£v$ bp¡ëep¡ : l¡ k„Nusep¡rN_u v$¡hu ! sd¡

c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe kp\¡ eyÙ L$fhp sÐ`f \ep R>p¡, A¡V$g¡ dpfy„ L$s®ìe R>¡ L$¡ ly„ sdpfu klpesp L$fy„.

^_yh£v$_p ^_yóe_y„ _pd "rQÓÆh' R>¡. s¡ dlp_ ^_yóe R>¡. ^_yh£v$ _d°sp`|h®L$ L$l¡ R>¡ : l¡ S>NÞdpsp !

v$p_hp¡_p¡ _pi L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap rQÓÆh _yóe sd¡ N°lZ L$fp¡ A_¡ kp\¡ Ap b¡ Ane bpZhpmp cp\p R>¡ s¡_p¡ Z

õhuL$pf L$fp¡.

Ap fus¡ ^_yh£v$ dõsL$ TyL$phu, âZpd L$fu, cqL$s`|h®L$ ^_yóe A_¡ Ane cp\p A`®Z L$ep® s¡

k„Nusep¡rN_u v$¡huA¡ õhuL$pf L$ep®. A_¡ _yh£v$ afu\u p¡`V$_p bÃQpdp„ A„sÝep®_ \B Nep¡.

k„Nusep¡rN_u v$¡huA¡ s¡ rQÓÆh dlp^_yóe_¡ gB_¡ s¡_u ZR> QY$phu R>u s¡ iyL$râepA¡ ZR> M¢Qu_¡

V„$L$pf L$ep£, s¡ V„$L$pf_p AhpS>\u ApMy„ S>Ns R>hpB Ney„ A_¡ õhN®dp„_p v$¡hspAp¡_p„ d_ A_¡ _¡Óp¡ Ap_„qv$s \B

Nep„.

k„Nusep¡rN_u v$¡hu_u b¡ k¡rhL$pAp¡ R>¡, A¡L$ e„qÓZu A_¡ buÆ s„qÓZu, A¡L$ `p¡`V$_¡ fpM¡ R>¡, buÆ

huZp_¡ fpM¡ R>¡. s¡ iqL$sAp¡_p lp\dp_p„ L„$L$Z Apqv$_p¡ d yf Ýhr_ k„cmpB füp¡ R>¡ S>¡ AÐe„s d_p¡lf gpN¡ R>¡.

rQÓÆh _yóe pfZ L$fu k„Nusep¡rN_u v$¡hu íepd-L©$óZ ip¡cp hX$¡ ip¡cpedp_ \B füp R>¡. s¡ rQÓÆh

^_yóe íepd R>¡. v$¡hu_u D`f_y„ L$v$çb R>Ó Z íepd R>¡ A_¡ v$¡hu_p lõsdp„ bpZ Z íepd R>¡. s¡ bpZ s¡dZ¡

S>dZp lõsdp„ pfZ L$ep® R>¡, S>¡ L$pmp _pN_u S>¡d _pQu füp„ R>¡. (v$¡hu lp\dp„ bpZp¡_¡ Apds¡d _Qphu füp

R>¡) s¡ bpZ L$pm_p L$V$L$p S>¡hp„ suÿZ R>¡. Ap fus¡ k„Nusep¡rN_u v$¡hu_p lp\dp„ bpZ ip¡cu füp„ R>¡.

18

Ap k„Nusep¡rN_u v$¡hu "N¡eQ¾$' f\dp„ b¡W$p R>¡. íepdky„v$f ê$`hpmu, _yóe^pfu v$¡huAp¡ s¡d_u k¡hp L$fu

flu R>¡. A¡L$ lÅf ernZu k¡_p s¡d_u kp\¡ R>¡. Ap ernZu k¡_p suh° h¡Nhpmu A_¡ dv$\u dshpgu \B flu R>¡.

Qpf¡L$p¡f îu grgspA„bp_p¡ S>e lp¡, dp k„Nusep¡rN_u_p¡ S>e lp¡ s¡hp S>eOp¡j v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡_¡ NS>hu füp¡ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 7

k¡_p S>e epÓp

k„Nus ep¡rN_u íepdp cNhsu_u k¡_p R>u fpÄe_u õhprd_u dp grgsp Açbp õhe„ p¡sp_u k¡_p krls

Aphu füp„ R>¡. (s¡d_p õhê$`_y„ Av¹cys hZ®_ Ap âL$pf¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.) dp grgsp Açbp_p¡ A„Ly$i Aq‚

kdp_ âÄhrgs \B füp¡ R>¡. s¡d_p lp\dp„ ip¡csy„ `pi A÷ aZu^f _pN S>¡hy„ ip¡cu füy„ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ S>¡ ky„v$f

L„$N_ l¡ep R>¡ s¡_p¡ d yf MZMZpV$ rQÑ_¡ lfu g¡ R>¡. lp\dp„ i¡fX$u_y„ _yóe ip¡cu füy„ R>¡. p„Q yó`bpZ Aq‚

S>¡hp„ âL$pris, k„yv$f f„Np¡hpmp, _¡Óp¡_y„ ApL$j®Z L$fu füp„ R>¡.

Dv$e hMs_p lÅf k|e® L$fsp„ `Z h^pf¡ gpg âL$pi cNhrs_p Agp¥qL$L$ õhê$`dp„\u âL$V$u füp¡ R>¡.

Ap\u v$i¡ qv$ipdp„ dp îu grgsp Açbp_p dyM_u gprgdpeyL$s L$pqÞs a¡gpB flu R>¡. ÅZ¡ ApL$piN„Np_u hÃQ¡

`|rZ®dp_p¡ QÞÖ ip¡cu füp¡ lp¡e s¡hy„ s¡d_u D`f v|$^ S>¡hy„ DÄS>hg dlp_ R>Ó ip¡cu füy„ R>¡ S>¡dp„ õaqV$L$

drZAp¡_p„ sp¡fZ gpN¡gp„ R>¡. îu cNhsu_u gpg L$pqÞs A_¡ s¡d_p R>Ó_u DÄS>hg iyc° S>ep¡Ðk_p dmu_¡

ÅZ¡ ApL$pidp„ gpg f„N_p¡ d„Nm N°l A_¡ ð¡s f„N_p¡ Q„Ö bß¡ A¡L$ kp\¡ ip¡cu füp„ lp¡e s¡hy„ A`|h® ky„v$f s¡ ×íe

kÅ®B füy„. dp grgsp Açbp_¡ rhS>ep Apqv$ Qpf dy¿e `qfQpfuL$pAp¡ ð¡s Qpdf Y$p¡mu flu R>¡. s¡ Qpdf_p

kyh®Z_p„ v„$X$, s¡dp„ gpN¡gp„ f„Nu_ drZAp¡\u kyip¡rcs R>¡. s¡ Qpf¡e Qpdf |_d_p QÞÖ_p„ s¡S>_¡ Z Tp„Mp pX$¡

s¡hp„ Ohg R>¡.

iqL$sAp¡_p kpd°pS>e_y„ k|Q_ L$fsp kpd°pS>e rQŒ iqL$sk¡_pdp„ ip¡cu füp„ R>¡. AàkfpNZ k„Nus A_¡

hprS„>Óp¡ Üpfp dp îu grgsp A„bp cNhsu_u õsyrs L$fu füp„ R>¡, A_¡ dp cNhsu_p rhipg h¥ch_p¡ rhÓ âL$pi

L$fu füp„ R>¡ (A\p®s¹ hZ®_ L$fu füp„ R>¡).

dp îu grgsp A„bpÆ_p¡ drldp hpZu\u hZ®hu iL$pe s¡d _\u, s¡dS> byqÙ\u Z kdÆ iL$pe s¡d

_\u. dp cNhsu_u L$p¡B_u kp\¡ kfMpdZu _ L$fu iL$pe, s¡d_u syg_p, s¡d_u `p¡sp_u kp\¡ S> \B iL$¡ ! dp

cNhsu grgsp Açbp_u iqL$s k¡_p\u qÓgp¡L$ R>hpB Ney„ R>¡. v$¡hspAp¡ AÐe„s cqL$s`|h®L$ S>Nv$çbp_¡ _dõL$pf

L$fhp dpV$¡ X$p`X$u L$fu füp„ R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp b°ûp, rhóÏ, BÞÖ s\p AÞe v$¡hp¡ âÐe¡ L©$`p×[ô$ L$fu füp R>¡.

qÓcyh_dp„ dp grgsp AçbpA¡ pfZ L$f¡gp„ p„Q yó`bpZp¡ (`„Q¡qÞÖep¡_p kyM_p rhjep¡ê$ù p„Q yó`bpZp¡)_u

âL$pideu kÑp a¡gpB flu R>¡.

huS>mu S>¡hu Np¥f L$p„rshpmu AàkfpAp¡_p A_¡L$ kd|lp¡ S>e A_¡ d„Ngk|QL$ ddfpAp¡_u iyc hjp® L$fu

füp„ R>¡. L$pd¡ðfu (dp grgsp A„bp) krls AÞe „v$f dmu_¡ Ly$g kp¡m r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_u ky„v$f ip¡cp \B flu R>¡.

19

s¡Ap¡ kh£ k„N°pd L$fhp dpV$¡ sÐ`f \B flu R>¡. r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_p i÷p¡_p¡ âL$pi k|e®_p âL$pi_¡ Tp„Mp¡ pX$u füp¡ R>¡.

s¡ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p„ QfZp¡_u rhr^`|h®L$ |Å L$fu flu R>¡. îu grgsp Açbp S>¡dp„ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡

s¡ dy¿e f\_y„ _pd "îu Q¾$fpS>' R>¡. s¡ f\ v$k ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡. s¡_u ÝhÅ d¡O_p kd|l_¡ rhM¡fu flu R>¡. dp

grgsp AçbpA¡ ump„ kp¡_¡fu S>fuL$pdhpmp„ õhÃR> A_¡ d_p¡lf h÷p¡ pfZ L$ep® R>¡. qÓgp¡L$dp„ s¡_u L$p„rs ìepù

flu R>¡. (s¡hy„ s¡ qv$ìe h÷p¡_y„ s¡S> R>¡.)

dp grgsp Açbp_p„ lÅfp¡ ky„v$f qv$ìe _pd R>¡. s¡dp„_p fÐ_ê$` dy¿e Quk _pd R>¡ S>¡ kdõs p`p¡ A_¡

dpep â „Q_p r_hpfL$ R>¡. s¡ Quk _pdfÐ_p¡_p Npe_ Üpfp dfys NZ dp grgsp Açbp_u õsyrs L$fu füp„ R>¡, A_¡

dp grgsp Açbp k„N°pd L$fhp_p DØ¡i\u Qpgu füp„ R>¡.

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ dlp byqÙdp_ leN°uhÆ, dp grgsp Açbp fd¡ðfu _p„ Quk _pd R>¡ s¡ L$p_

dpV$¡ Ad©s fkpeZ kdp_ R>¡. Ap` L©$`p L$fu_¡ d_¡ s¡ _pdp¡ L$lp¡.

leN°uh F$rjA¡ âkßsp`|h®L$ îudpspÆ_p `Quk _pdfÐ_p¡ L$l¡hp_p¡ Apf„c L$ep£ : îu tklpk_¡iu,

îu grgsp, îu dlpfpou, îu hfp„Ly$ip, îu Qpr`_u, îu qÓ`yfp,îu dlpqÓ`yf ky„v$fu, îu ky„v$fu,

îu Q¾$_p\p, îu kpd°pou, îu Qq¾$Zu, îu Q¾$¡ðfu, îu dlpv$¡hu, îu L$pd¡iu, îu `fd¡ðfu,

îu L$pdfpS>râep, îu L$pdL$p¡qV$L$p, îu Q¾$hrs®_u, îu dlprhÛp, îu rihp_„N hëgcp,

îu kh®`pV$gp, îu Ly$g_p\p, îu Apç_pe_p\p, îu khp®ç_pe r_hpqk_u, îu i©„Npf_preL$p.

Ap Quk _pd Üpfp S>¡ L$p¡B cL$s, dlpcpNp dp grgsp Açbp_u õsyrs L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ kp¥cpÁe_u âpqá \pe

A_¡ Aô$ dlprkqÙAp¡ A_¡ kps âL$pf_p ei_u âpqá \pe.

Aphp¡ A`pf drldp S>¡d_p¡ R>¡ s¡hp cNhsu dp grgsp Açbp, v$¡hspAp¡_¡ vy$:M v$¡_pfp v$¥Ðe c„X$pkyf sfa

¾$p¡^pedp_ \B_¡ Qpëep. s¡d_u ApN¡hp_udp„ âQ„X$ dlp¾$p¡^hpmu dlpk¡_p Qpgu flu R>¡, kp\¡ f„`fp iqL$sAp¡_p„

f\p¡ eyÙdp„ âh©Ñ \hp dpV$¡ suh° h¡N |h®L$ $Qpgu füp„ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 8

v$¡hu _pd âL$pi_ - îu Q¾$fpS> f\

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : dp grgsp Açbp_p¡ Q¾$fpS> _pd_p¡ f\, S>Ns_p kh® f\p¡dp„ î¡›$sd R>¡, s¡\u s¡_¡ f\¡ÞÖ L$üp¡ R>¡. s¡ f\_p `|h® cpNdp„ âL$V$ õhê$ dp„ S>¡ v$¡huAp¡ rhfpÆ flu R>¡ s¡d_p„ _pd, leN°uhÆ sd¡ d_¡ L$lp¡, kp\¡ s¡ v$¡huAp¡_u Ly$g k„¿ep, s¡d_p hZ® (f„N), A_¡ s¡d_p qv$ìe Apey^p¡ L$ep R>¡ s¡ rhi¡ Z d_¡ L$l¡hp_¡ L©$`p L$fp¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : s¡ Q¾$fpS> f\ _h h® (dS>gp) hpmp¡ R>¡. s¡_y„ kp¥\u _uQ¡_y„ _hdy„ h® âL$pidp_

20

R>¡. s¡dp„ v$i rkqÙ v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd R>¡ - ArZdp, drldp, gqOdp, Nqfdp, Brisp, hrisp, âpqá,

âpL$pçe, cyqL$s rkqÙ A_¡ kh®L$pd rkqÙ - Ap v$i¡ rkqÙ v$¡huAp¡ Qsycy®Å R>¡, s¡d_p¡ f„N Åk|v$_p a|g S>¡hp¡ gpg

R>¡. Ap rkqÙ v$¡huAp¡A¡ Qpf¡ lõsdp„ - tQspdrZ (BÃR>p`|Z® L$f_pfp¡ QdÐL$pqfL$ drZ), Ad©s ùhp_y„ `pÓ,

qÓiyg, rkqÙ kp¡hfp¡ - Ap Qpf hõsyAp¡_¡ pfZ L$f¡gu R>¡. s¡ rkqÙ v$¡huAp¡ v$ep`|Z® R>¡. ep¡NuAp¡ s¡d_u L©$`p\u

rkqÙAp¡ âpá L$f¡ R>¡.

Ap rkqÙ v$¡huAp¡_p |h® cpNdp„ b°pûu Apqv$ ApW$ iqL$sAp¡ fl¡gu R>¡ s¡ ApW$ iqL$sAp¡_p„ _pd - b°pûu,

dpl¡ðfu, L$p¥dpfu, h¥óZhu, hpfplu, dpl¡ÞÖu, Qpdy„X$p A_¡ dlpgÿdu R>¡. Ap iqL$sAp¡ b¡ cyÅAp¡hpmu R>¡ A_¡

s¡d_p¡ f„N gpg R>¡. A¡L$ lp\dp„ Ad©s uhp_y„ pÓ A_¡ buÅ lp\dp„ L$dm pfZ L$f¡gy„ R>¡. s¡d_p h÷p¡ Z gpg

f„N_p R>¡. Ap iqL$sAp¡_y„ Ýep_ L$fhp_u fus A¡hu R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ v$¡h_u S>¡ iqL$s lp¡e s¡ v$¡h_p S>¡hy„ S> s¡_u iqL$s_y„ õhê$`

^pfhy„ Å¡BA¡, S>¡d L$¡ - â\d S>¡ b°pûu iqL$s R>¡ s¡_p¡ b°ûpÆ S>¡hp¡ ApL$pf (v$¡Mph), b°ûpÆ S>¡hp Apey p¡, A_¡

b°ûpÆ S>¡hp„ S> kh® rQŒp¡ pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡ A¡hu fus_y„ Ýep_ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡ s¡ S> fus¡ - dl¡ðfu_y„ õhê$` dl¡ðf_p

S>¡hy„, L$p¥dpfu_y„ Ly$dpf (L$prs®L$¡e) S>¡hy„, h¥óZhu_y„ cNhp_ rhóÏ S>¡hy„, hpfplu_y„ hfpl cNhp_ S>¡hy„, dpl¡ÞÖu_y„

dl¡ÞÖ S>¡hy„, Qpdy„X$p_y„ õhê$` cNhp_ rih S>¡hy„ A_¡ dlpgÿdu_y„ õhê$` dlprhóÏ S>¡hy„ S> pfhy„ Å¡BA¡.

Ap ApW$ v$¡huAp¡_u D`f_p cpNdp„ v$i dlp_ dyÖpv$¡huAp¡ R>¡. Ap dyÖpv$¡huAp¡ p¡sp_p„ L$dm S>¡hp ky„v$f,

L$p¡dm, L$p„rseyL$s lõs hX$¡ dyÖpAp¡ L$fu flu R>¡ (s\p dyÖpAp¡ Üpfp Av¹cys iqL$sAp¡-EÅ®Ap¡_y„ Aphpl_ L$fu flu

R>¡). dyÖpv$¡huAp¡_p¡ f„N v$pX$d_p a|g S>¡hp¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡dZ¡ ky„v$f ùspçbf pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡ Qsycy®Å R>¡

A_¡ Qpf¡ lõsdp„ ¾$di: Y$pg, sghpf, A_¡ AÞe b¡ lp\ hX$¡ lõsdyÖp pfZ L$fu fpM¡gu R>¡. dv$\u s¡d_p„ _¡Óp¡

gpg R>¡. Ap dyÖpv$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd - kh® k„np¡rcZu, kh® rhÖprhZu, khp®L$rj®Zu, kh® hi„L$fu, khp£Þdpqv$_u, kh®

dlp„Ly$ip, kh® M¡Qfu, kh®buÅ, kh®ep¡r_, kh® qÓM„X$p R>¡.

Ap âdpZ¡ v$i rkqÙ v$¡huAp¡, b°pûu Apqv$ ApW$ dps©NZ A_¡ v$i dyÖpv$¡huAp¡ R>¡ s¡ âL$V$ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡.

c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p¡ _pi L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap iqL$sAp¡ Q¾$fpS> f\_p _hdp h®dp„ rhfpÆ flu R>¡.

_hdp h®_y„ hZ®_ L$ep® bpv$ leN°uhÆ s¡ _hdp h®_u D`f_p ApW$dp h®_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp„ L$l¡ R>¡ : ApW$dp

`h®dp„ S>¡ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡ s¡ Nyá âL$pf_u iqL$sAp¡ R>¡ s¡d_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ - L$pdpL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, byÝepL$rj®Zu

L$gp, Al„L$pfpL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, iåv$pL$rj®Zu L$gp, õìp®L$rj®Zu r_Ðep, ê$`pL$rj®Zu L$gp, fkpL$rj®Zu r_Ðep,

NÞ^pL$rj®Zu L$gp, rQÑpL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, ^¥ep®L$rj®Zu L$gp, õd©ÐepL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, _pdpL$rj®Zu L$gp, buÅL$rj®Zu

r_Ðep, ApÐdpL$rj®Zu L$gp, Ad©spL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, ifufpL$rj®Zu L$gp- Ap kp¡m ApL$j®Z L$f_pfu iqL$sAp¡

QÞÖdp_u kp¡m L$gp ê$` R>¡. (Ap iqL$sAp¡_u Akfp¡ k|ÿd âL$pf_u lp¡hp\u s¡_¡ Nyá iqL$sAp¡ L$l¡ R>¡.)

Ap kp¡m Nyá iqL$sAp¡_p¡ f„N fhpmp S>¡hp¡ R>¡. s¡ d„v$ qõds\u d__¡ lfhphpmu R>¡. s¡ Qsycy®Å iqL$sAp¡

R>¡, A_¡ s¡d_p„ ÓZ _¡Óp¡ R>¡. Q„Ö-k|e®_p (rQŒp¡hpmp„) dyNV$ dp\¡ ^pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡. Qpf¡e lõsdp„ ^_yóe, bpZ,

Y$pg A_¡ sghpf ^pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡. s¡d_u ip¡cp qv$ìe R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, c„X$pkyf_p¡ h^ L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap v$¡huAp¡

âh©Ñ \B R>¡.

21

Q¾$fpS> f\_p kpsdp `h®dp„ S>¡ ApW$ v$¡huAp¡_p¡ hpk R>¡ s¡d_y„ _pd "Nyásfp' (AÐe„s Nyá-k|ÿd)

iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ k„Ýep kde_p ApL$pi S>¡hp hZ®_u AÐe„s ip¡cpedp_ õhê$`hpmu R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd "A_„N'

(A\p®s¹ L$pdv$¡h)_p _pd\u k„eyL$s R>¡. s¡ _pdp¡ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : A_„N dv$_p, A_„N dv$_psyfp, A_„N g¡Mp,

A_„N h¡Np, A_„N A„Ly$ip, A_„N Ly$kydp, A_„N d¡Mgp A_¡ A_„N dprg_u.

L$pdv$¡h_p S>¡hp S> õhê$`hpmu Ap v$¡huAp¡_p¡ f„N Åkyv$_p a|g S>¡hp¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡_p lp\dp„ i¡fX$u_y„ _yóe R>¡.

`yó`_p„ bpZ, `yó`_p¡ v$X$p¡ A_¡ L$dm_y„ a|g s¡d_p„ Apey^p¡ R>¡. dlpiqL$s dp grgsp A„bp_u Apopdp„ flu_¡

c„X$pkyf _pd_p v$¥Ðe D`f Aq‚ kdp_ L$p¡`pedp_ \B R>¡.

Q¾$fpS> f\_p R>Ì$p h®dp„ fl¡hphpmu v$¡huAp¡dp„ dy¿e v$¡hu_y„ _pd kh® k„np¡rcZu R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡ k„âv$pe

ep¡rN_uAp¡ R>¡. A¡dZ¡ L$¡ip¡_p A„bp¡X$p N|„\¡gp R>¡, tkv|$f_p rsgL$ L$ep® R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡_p¡ õhcph Ars suh° R>¡. L$pm

Aq‚ S>¡hu s¡Ap¡_u L$p„rs R>¡. v$¡huAp¡_p lõsdp„ rhrh^ Apey^p¡, S>¡hp„ L$¡ - Aq‚bpZ, Aq‚ ^_yóe, Aq‚ê$`

sghpf, Aq‚_p Q¾$ ê$` Y$pg hN¡f¡ pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡_p„ ifuf Aq‚ê$` L$p„rs hX$¡ ip¡cu füp„ R>¡. s¡ kh£

v$¡huAp¡ L$pdv$¡h_u cõddp„\u DÐ`ß \e¡gp c„X$pkyf f Ars L$p¡`pedp_ R>¡. Ap Qp¥v$ v$¡huAp¡ dlp_ bmhpmp dp

grgsp A„bp_u Apop iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. Ap k„âv$pe ep¡rN_uAp¡_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : kh® k„np¡rcZu, kh®

rhÖprhZu, khp®L$rj®Zu, kh® Apø¹gpqv$_u, kh® k„dp¡rl_u, kh® õs„rcZu, kh® S©„>rcZu, kh® hi„L$fu, kh®

f„S>_u, khp£Þdpqv$_u, kh® A\® kpr^_u, kh® k„`qÑ |Z}, kh® d„Ódeu, kh® Ü„Üne„L$fu.

Q¾$fpS> f\_p p„Qdp h®dp„ fl¡_pfu L|$gp¡ÑuZp® v$¡huAp¡, õaqV$L$ S>¡hu ka¡v$ R>¡. fiy, pi, Nv$p, O„V$p,

drZ pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡.s¡d_p ifuf âL$pris R>¡. Ap L|$gp¡ÑuZp® v$¡huAp¡, v$¡hspAp¡_p iÓy (Akyfp¡) f Ars ¾$p¡r^s

\e¡gu R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_u c©Ly$qV$Ap¡ QY$¡gu R>¡. L|$gp¡ÑuZp® v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : kh® rkqÙâv$p, kh®

kç`sâv$p, kh® râe„L$fu, kh® d„NgL$pqfZu, kh® L$pdâv$p, kh® vy$:M rhdp¡rQ_u, kh® d©Ðey âid_u, kh® rhÂ_

r_hpfuZu, khp¯N ky„v$fu, kh® kp¥cpÁev$pre_u. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Ap âdpZ¡ Ap v$i L|$gp¡ÑuZp® v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd

sd_¡ L$üp„.

Q¾$fpS> f\_p Qp¡\p `h®dp„ r_Nc®ep¡rN_u _pd_u v$i v$¡huAp¡ R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡_p ùv$e v$ep\u `|Z® R>¡.

dp¡suAp¡_p„ lpf S>¡hu s¡d_u ip¡cp R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : kh®op, kh®iqL$sdeu, kh¥ðe®âv$p,

kh®op_deu, kh® ìepr^ rh_pri_u, khp®^pf õhê$r`Zu, kh® p`lfp, kh® Ap_„v$deu, kh® fnpõhê$r`Zu, kh®

Cqàks agâv$p. Ap r_Nc®ep¡rN_u v$¡huAp¡ hÇ>, iqL$s, sp¡df A_¡ Q¾$_¡ pfZ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ c„X$pkyf_p¡ h^ L$fhp

dpV$¡ sÐ`f \B R>¡.

Q¾$fpS> f\_p ÓuÅ h®dp„ fl¡_pfu v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd flõe ep¡rN_u R>¡. s¡ v$¡huAp¡ hpZu_u Ar^óW$pÓu R>¡.

gpg Aip¡L$_p a|g S>¡hp¡ s¡d_p¡ f„N R>¡. _yóebpZ lp\dp„ pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡. kh® A„Np¡dp„ L$hQ l¡f¡gp„ R>¡. huZp

A_¡ yõsL$ s¡Ap¡_p lp\dp„ ip¡cu füp„ R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : hri_u, L$pd¡iu, cp¡rN_u, rhdgp, Aê$Zp,

S>re_u, kh£iu, L$p¥rg_u. Ap ApW$ v$¡huAp¡ c„X$pkyf_p k„lpf dpV$¡ âh©Ñ \B R>¡.

Q¾$fpS f\_p buÅ `h®dp„ fl¡_pfu v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd "Ars Nyá flõedeu' R>¡. s¡d_u k„¿ep ÓZ_u R>¡.

22

s¡d_p„ _pd L$pd¡iu, hÇ>¡iu A_¡ cNdprg_u R>¡. s¡Ap¡ qÓL$p¡Zdp„ fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_u ApW$ cyÅAp¡ R>¡ s¡dp„ - _yóe,

bpZ, Ad©s uhp_y„ pÓ, gugy„ buÅ¡fy„, sghpf, cpgp¡, _pN`pi, dlpÝhr_hpmp¡ O„V$ pfZ L$f¡gp R>¡. Ap ÓZ¡

v$¡huAp¡_y„ dlpÐçe A_¡ s¡S> dp grgsp Açbp S>¡hy„ R>¡. Ap îuv$¡hu_u r_Ðe A„sf„Np iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ ÓZ¡e

v$¡huAp¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe D`f L$p¡`pedp_ R>¡.

ÓZ A„sf„Np iqL$sAp¡_p qÓL$p¡Z_u hÃQ¡_p õ\p__y„ _pd dlp Ap_„v$ùW$ R>¡. Ap L$¡ÞÖue õ\p_ Q¾$fpS> f\_u V$p¡Q_y„ õ\p_ R>¡, S>¡ dp grgsp A„bp_¡ rhfpS>hp_y„ õ\p_ R>¡. Ap dlpAp_„v$ùW$_u Qpf¡ bpSy> „v$f Anf_p¡

d„Ó R>¡. s¡_p A¡L$ A¡L$ Anf_u Ar^óW$pÓu A¡L$-A¡L$ v$¡hu R>¡. Ap „v$f v$¡huAp¡_¡ "r_Ðep' v$¡huAp¡ L$l¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ „v$f rsr\Ap¡_y„ õhê$` R>¡ Ap\u s¡d_¡ L$pgê$`p A¡V$g¡ L$¡ kde_u BðfuAp¡ L$l¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ rhðdp„ ìep \B_¡ fl¡ àsR>¡.c„X$pkyf S>¡hp vy$ô$ v$¥Ðep¡ dpV$¡ s¡d_p„ _¡Óp¡ ¾$p¡ \u M¢Qpe¡gp„ R>¡. s¡ v$¡huAp¡_p¡ ApL$pf dp grgsp Açbp S>¡hp¡ S> R>¡.

dp grgsp Açbp S>¡hp S> Apey^p¡ s¡dZ¡ pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡. v$¡hspAp¡ D`f A_yN°l L$fhp s¡Ap¡ eyNp¡eyNp¡\u sÐ`f R>¡. Ap „v$f v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ - L$pd¡ u, cNdprg_u, r_ÐeL$gu_p, c¡ê„$X$p, h[ø¹_uhprk_u, i

dlphÇ>¡ðfu, , Ðhqfsp, Ly$gky„v$fu, r_g`spL$p, rhS>ep, kh®d„Ngp, Ähpgpdprg_u rQÓ Ap Öysu r_Ðep, A_¡ p. `„v$f v$¡huAp¡_u k¡hp dp grgsp Açbp_u k¡hp_u S>¡d S> A¡L$ S> byqÙ\u L$fhu.

Ap fus¡ îu Q¾$fpS>* f\_p _h `h®dp„ r_hpk L$f_pfu v$¡huAp¡_y„ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„. Ap kh£ dlpiqL$sipmu v$¡huAp¡ krls dp grgsp Açbp, vy$ô$ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p¡ k„lpf L$fhp ApNm Qpëep.

"îu Q¾$' sfuL$¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. S>¡dp„ * Ap îu Q¾$fpS> f\_y„ S> cp¥rdrsL$ rQÓp„L$_ "îu e„Ó' A\hp

kp¥\u blpf\u dp„X$u_¡ L$¡ÞÖtbvy$ è¯s _h AphfZp¡ R>¡. kp¥\u L$¡ÞÖdp„ dp grgsp Açbp rhfpS>dp_ R>¡ A_¡ v$f¡L$ AphfZp¡dp„ rhrcß iqL$sAp¡ rhfpS>¡ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 9NursQ¾$ f\

leN°uhÆ bp¡ëep : d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_p DÑd f\_y„ _pd NursQ¾$ R>¡. s¡dp„ kps dpm R>¡ s¡dp„ S>¡ v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡ s¡d_p rhi¡, l¡ ANõÐe F$rj ! lh¡ sd¡ kp„cmp¡. NursQ¾$ f\dp„ kp¥\u D`f_u V$p¡Q\u iê$ L$fsp„ s¡_p¡ D`f_p¡ dpm, â\d h® sfuL$¡ NZpe. Ðep„ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_y„ r_hpk õ\p_ R>¡. NursQ¾$ f\_u dÝe¡ Aph¡gu Ap uW$ R>¡ s¡dp„ îu grgsp A„bp_¡ AÐe„s àepfu k„Nusep¡rN_u (d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu) rhfpÆ füp R>¡.

NursQ¾$ f\_p buÅ `h®dp„ - frs, âurs, d_p¡Å _pd_u v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_p lõsdp„ huZp, ^_yóe ip¡cu füp„ R>¡. sdpg S>¡hy„ íepd s¡d_y„ ê$` R>¡. v$p_hp¡_¡ S>X$d|mdp„\u DMpX$hpdp„ s¡ kd\® R>¡.

NursQ¾$ f\_p ÓuÅ h®dp„ `p„Q L$pdv$¡hspAp¡ s¡d_u iqL$sAp¡ kp\¡ fl¡ R>¡. s¡ L$pdv$¡hspAp¡_u irL$sAp¡

(v$¡huAp¡)_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : ÖprhZu, ip¡rjZu, b„r^_u, dp¡ql_u, DÞdpqv$_u. Ap p„Q v$¡huAp¡A¡ âL$pidp_

^_yóebpZ ^pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡. Ap `h®_p _uQ¡_p cpNdp„ `p„Q dlpbmhp_ L$pdv$¡hspAp¡ fl¡ R>¡, s¡d_p„ _pd -

L$pdfpS>, L„$v$`®, dÞd\, dL$fÝhS> A_¡ d_p¡ch R>¡. Ap p„Q¡ L$pdv$¡hspAp¡ qÓgp¡L$u_¡ dp¡rls L$fhphpmp R>¡. Ap

23

L$pdv$¡hspAp¡_p L$`pmdp„ L$õsyfu_p„ rsgL$ L$f¡gp„ R>¡. dp¡suAp¡_u dpmpAp¡ pfZ L$f¡gu R>¡. Ap v$¡hspAp¡A¡ ifuf_p

v$f¡L$ A„N D`f L$hQ ^pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡ MpMfp_p a|g S>¡hy„ (cX$L$ gpg f„N_y„) s¡ v$¡hspAp¡_y„ ê$` R>¡. Ap `p„Q

v$¡hspAp¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p¡ k„lpf L$fhp DÐkyL$ R>¡.

NursQ¾$ f\_p Qp¡\p h®dp„ b°pûu v$¡hu S>¡dp„ dy¿e R>¡ s¡hu Aô$ dps©L$pAp¡ (S>¡d_y„ ANpD hZ®_ L$f¡gy„ R>¡

s¡) AÞe ê$` ^pfZ L$fu_¡ rhfpÆ füp„ R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd : b°pûu, dpl¡ðfu, L$p¥dpfu, h¥óZhu, hpfplu, dpl¡ÞÖu,

Qpdy„X$p A_¡ dlpgÿdu R>¡. Ap `h®_p _uQgp cpNdp„ gÿdu A_¡ kfõhsu v$¡huAp¡ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. s¡d_u kp\¡

frs, âurs, L$urs®, ipqÞs, y[ô$ A_¡ sy[ô$ v$¡huAp¡ ¾$p¡^\u gpg _¡Óhpmu \B_¡ dlpbrg v$¥Ðe_¡ dpfhp dpV$¡ DÐkyL$

R>¡. l¡ Ly„$ck„ch (ANõÐe) ! Ap Ly$dpfuAp¡ Ly$Þs Q¾$^pqfrZ sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡.

NursQ¾$ f\_p p„Qdp h®dp„ kp¡m Ly$dpfu iqL$sAp¡ fl¡ R>¡. s¡dp„ hpdpv$¡hu dy¿e R>¡. Ap iqL$sAp¡_p„ _pd

Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡. hpdp, S>e¡óW$p, fp¥Öu, ip„rs, îÙp, kfõhsu, îu-cyv$¡hu iqL$s, îu gÿdu, îu k©[ô$, dp¡ql_u,

âd\u_u, Aðpku_u, huQu, rhÛyÞdprg_u, kyfp_„v$p, _pNbyqÙL$p. Ap v$¡huAp¡ cpgp A_¡ Q¾$ pfZ L$fhphpmu

R>¡. s¡d_y„ ê$` Ly$ê$thv$drZ S>¡hy„ ky„v$f R>¡. S>Ns_¡ ip¡cp âv$p_ L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap v$¡huAp¡ M|b S> ârkÙ R>¡. Ap

v$¡huAp¡A¡ î¡óW$ L$hQ pfZ L$ep R>¡. Ap L$hQ hÇ> S>¡hp„ dS>bys A_¡ L$p„V$pAp¡\u ip¡rcs R>¡. L$p¡B v$¡huA¡ hÇ> A_¡

v„$X$ pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡ sp¡ L$p¡BA¡ _rgL$p Apey^ (_muhpmu-b„v|$L$) A_¡ isv$_u (sp¡`) pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡.

NursQ¾$ f\_p R>Ì$p dpmdp„ Arksp„N Apqv$ ApW$ c¥fhp¡ fl¡ R>¡ s¡d_p i÷p¡ cep_L$ R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd :

Arksp„N, ê$ê$, Q„X$, ¾$p¡^, DÞdÑ, L$`pgu, cujZ A_¡ k„lpf c¥fh R>¡. s¡Ap¡ _ugp ê$`hpmp R>¡ A_¡ s¡dZ¡

qÓiyg, p_`pÓ Apqv$ pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡.

NursQ¾$ f\_p kpsdp h®dp„ fl¡_pfu v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : dps„Nu rkÙ gÿdu, dlp dps„NuL$p

A_¡ dlrs rkÙ gÿdu. Ap v$¡huAp¡ gpg f„N_u R>¡. s¡dZ¡ _yóe A_¡ bpZ pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡. Ap h®_p _uQ¡_p

cpNdp„, NZ`rs, n¡Ó`pg, vy$Np®, Açbp A_¡ bVy$L$ c¥fh fl¡ R>¡ s¡dZ¡ i÷p¡ ^pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s

gÿduÆ A_¡ kfõhsuÆ Al] buSy„> ê$` pfZ L$fu_¡ füp„ R>¡. s¡d_u pk¡ i„M A_¡ v¹d _pd_p MÅ_pAp¡ R>¡.

(s¡Ap¡ MÅ_p_y„ fnZ L$fu füp„ R>¡.) qÓgp¡L$u_p vy$íd_ Q„X$ fp¾$dhpmp c„X$pkyf D`f Ap v$¡huAp¡ L$p¡ pedp_ \ep

R>¡. BÞÖ\u iê$ L$fu_¡ rhóÏ è¯s_p v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡_p õhpdu S>¡ v$¡hspAp¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ v$i qv$¼¹`pg L$l¡ R>¡. Ap v$i¡e

qv$¼¹`pgp¡A¡ iqL$sê$` (v$¡huê$`) ^pfZ L$ey¯ R>¡. A_¡ kpsdp `h®_p S>¡ M|ZpAp¡ R>¡, s¡dp„ Ap qv$¼¹`pgp¡A¡ õ\p_

N°lZ L$ey¯ R>¡. s¡Ap¡A¡ hÇ>, iqL$s, L$pgv„$X$, Aku (sghpf), `pi, ^Å, Nv$p, qÓiyg, v$cp®÷ Apqv$ iõÓp¡

^pfZ L$ep® R>¡. r_Ðe cqL$seyL$s \B_¡ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. c„X$pkyf Apqv$ Akyfp¡ rhð_p L„$V$L$ kdp_ R>¡

s¡_¡ dpfhp dpV$¡ d„Óu_p\p_p¡ v$¡hspAp¡A¡ Apîe gu^p¡. d„Óu_p\p v$¡huA¡ Ap hps dp grgsp Açbp_¡ S>Zphu. kh®

v$¡hspAp¡_y„ L$pe® d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu dpfas \pe R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_¡ S>Zphsp„ L$pe® rkÙ \pe. dp grgsp Açbp_p„

b^p„ L$pep£ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu dpfas S> \pe R>¡. (A\p®s¹ ApÐdõhê$`p cNhsu_p b^p„ S> L$pep£ d__u iqL$sê$`p

d„Óu_p\p Üpfp S> \pe R>¡ Ap\u S> d__u irL$s_y„ bly S> dlÒh R>¡ s¡d kdÅe R>¡.) buÆ L$p¡B fus¡ v$¡hspAp¡_¡

dp grgsp Açbp_p dlp_ âcphipmu n¡Ó_u kdu`dp„ S>hp_y„ kpdÕe® _\u, dpÓ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_u k¡hp L$fhp\u

S> BqÃR>s am_u âpqá \B iL$¡ R>¡. k„Nusep¡rN_u (d„Óu_p\p) v$¡hu dp grgsp Açbp_¡ M|b S> àepfu R>¡.

24

L$pe®rkqÙ dpV$¡ íepdp cNhsu (d„Óu_p\p)_p hQ__y„ Dëg„O_ _\u \B iL$sy„. (A\p®s¹ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_p hQ_

dyS>b L$pe®rkqÙ \pe S> R>¡.) îu v$¡hu_p iqL$s kpd°pÄe_y„ kh® L$pe® d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu Üpfp S> \pe R>¡. dp íepdp

cNhsu (d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu) L$p¡B`Z L$pe® bpbs - L$fhy„, _ L$fhy„ A\hp AÞe âL$pf¡ L$fhy„ s¡_p¡ r_Z®e L$fhp kh®

kd\® R>¡. A¡V$g¡ kh® qv$ipAp¡_p qv$¼¹`pmp¡ (Ap`Zp ifuf_u bû S> BqÞÖep¡ A_¡ A„Np¡_¡ Qgph_pfp v$¡hspAp¡)

îu v$¡hu_u L©$`p âpá L$fhp_u BÃR>p\u dp cNhsu íepdp_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. (A\p®s¹ ApÐdp_u iqL$s d_ Üpfp S> kh® *

BqÞÖep¡ A_¡ A„Np¡_¡ âpá \B_¡ ifuf Q¡s_h„sy, L$pe®nd fl¡ R>¡.)

Ap fus¡ NursQ¾$ f\dp„ S>¡ `h®dp„, S>¡ v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡. A_¡ s¡dZ¡ S>¡hp„ Apey^p¡ ^pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡ s¡ kh®_y„

hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. Ap kh® v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd S>¡ L$p¡B õdfZ L$f¡ R>¡ A\hp L$l¡ R>¡ s¡ kh® p`p¡\u dyL$s \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p¡ rhS>e \pe R>¡.

Ap âL$fZdp„ d__u iqL$sê$`p d„Óu_p\p_p dlpÐçe_p¡ qfQe \pe R>¡. Ap`Zp ifufê$ù f\dp„ ApÐdp *

õhê$ p cNhsu îu grgsp Açbp rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ d__u iqL$sê$`p d„Óu_p\p dpfas¡ S> kh® BqÞÖep¡ A_¡ A„Np¡_p v$¡hspAp¡_¡ p¡s`p¡sp_p L$pep£dp„ gNph¡ R>¡. S>¡d Ap`Zp v$¡lê$ù t X$dp„ Ap âdpZ¡_p¡ r_ed Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡ s¡

S> fus¡ rhfpV$¹ rhðê$ù ifuf b°ûp„X$dp„ Z fdpÐdpê$ù fdsÒh_u AÝensp l¡W$m rhðìep`L$ dp¡V$p„ d_ Üpfp S> kdõs k©[ô$_y„ k„Qpg_ v$¡hspAp¡ L$ep® L$f¡ R>¡. Ap rhðìep`L$ d__¡ S> âL©$rs / Ly$v$fs L$l¡hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. Ap QfpQf k©[ô$_p kdõs L$pep£ Ap kh®ìep`L$ d__u kÑp Üpfp S> `fdpÐdp L$fphsp fl¡ R>¡. k©[ô$ k„Qpg_dp„ `p„Q

âL$pf_p L$pep£ lp¡e R>¡ - kS®>_, `pg_, rh_pi, rsfp¡^p_ (õ\mp„sf), A_¡ A_yN°l (S>Ns_u OV$dpmdp„\u dyqL$s dmu Åe s¡.) îu grgsp Açbp `fd¡ðfu r_Ðe Ap `„QL©$Ðe `fpeZp R>¡ s¡d_p„ Ap `p„Q âL$pf_p L$pep£

d_:iqL$s õhê$`p d„Óu_p\p (âL©$rs v$¡hu) dpfas¡ S> \pe R>¡. Ap\u S> v$¡hspAp¡, îu grgsp Açbp_u L©$`p d¡mhhp dpV$¡ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_u ifZdp„ Åe R>¡ s¡hy„ Al] hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 10

qL$fuQ¾$ f\

leN°uhÆ bp¡ëep : qL$fuQ¾$ f\fpS>dp„ kps `h® (dpm) R>¡. s¡ `h®dp„ S>¡ v$¡hspAp¡ fl¡ R>¡, l¡ byqÙdp_ ANõÐe F$rj, s¡_p„ _pd sd¡ kp„cmp¡. s¡_p„ _pd kp„cmhp\u S>e_u âpqá \pe R>¡.

qL$fuQ¾$ f\dp„ (D`f_u V$p¡Q\u iê$ L$fsp„) `l¡gp `h®_„y _pd "tbvy$' R>¡. s¡dp„ v„$X$_preL$p v$¡hu (hfplu-v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu) fl¡ R>¡. S>Nsdp„ DÐ`ß \sp„ L„$V$L$p¡_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmu Ap v$¡hu R>¡. rhS>eîu d¡mhhp_p DÐkpl\u v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu A_¡ s¡d_u k¡_p _pQu flu R>¡. s¡Ap¡ bmhpmu cyÅAp¡ Üpfp DÝ^s v$p_hp¡_p¡ _pi L$fi¡. dp hpfplu_p„ v$p„s ENsp |_d_p„ Q„Ö_p„ qL$fZp¡ S>¡hp ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. hjp®F$sy_p hpv$m S>¡hy„ s¡d_y„ ifuf R>¡. s¡Ap¡ qL$fuQ¾$ f\dp„ kv$pe ip¡cu füp R>¡. rhðdp„ qfhs®_ gph_pf Ap dlpiqL$s R>¡.

qL$fuQ¾$ dlpfp\_p buÅ dpmdp„ S©„>rcZu, dp¡ql_u, õs„rc_u- Ap ÓZ v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡_y„

ifuf v$pX$d_p a|g S>¡hy„ R>¡. kh® v$p_hp¡_y„ dv®$_ L$f_pfu Ap iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. s¡d_p„ lõsdp„ lm, dyim A_¡ drZS>qX$s

25

Ad©s uhp_y„ pÓ pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡. lp\dp„ âL$pidp_ dpZ¡L$ S>X$¡gp„ L„$L$Z l¡ep¯ R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡_p„ _¡Óp¡ suÿZ R>¡

A_¡ s¡_p _¡Óp¡_p s¡S>\u v$p_hp¡_¡ bpmu flu R>¡ A_¡ hpfplu v$¡hu_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

qL$fuQ¾$ f\¡ÞÖ_p ÓuÅ dpmdp„ A„r^_u, {„$r^_u, õs„rc_u, dp¡rl_u, S©„>rcZu _pd_u p„Q v$¡huAp¡ r_hpk

L$f¡ R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡ L$W$p¡f lpõe Üpfp ÓZ¡ gp¡L$_¡ NS>hu flu R>¡ s¡Ap¡ ÅZ¡ âgeL$pm_p¡ Aq‚ lp¡e s¡hu iqL$sAp¡ R>¡.

dlpbgipmu v„$X$_p\p (hpfplu) v$¡hu_u, qL$fuQ¾$ f\_p Qp¡\p dpmdp„ fl¡hphpmu v$¡huAp¡ kss k¡hp L$fu

flu R>¡. `p„Qdu A_¡ ApW$du v$¡huAp¡ rkhpe_u b°pûu Apqv$ R> v$¡huAp¡ Ap Q¾$dp„ fl¡ R>¡. (A\p®s¹ hpfplu A_¡

dlpgÿdu rkhpe_u R> v$¡huAp¡ - b°pûu, dpl¡ðfu, L$p¥dpfu, h¥óZhu, dpl¡ÞÖu A_¡ Qpdy„X$p ApV$gu v$¡huAp¡ buSy„>

ê$` pfZ L$fu_¡ Ap f\_p Qp¡\p dpmdp„ rhfpÆ flu R>¡.) Ap iqL$sAp¡_p„ ifuf Aq‚ kdp_ âL$pris \B füp„ R>¡.

dlp_ fp¾$d Üpfp ÅZ¡ v$p_hp¡_¡ u S>i¡ s¡hy„ S>Zpe R>¡. v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u Apop\u s¡Ap¡ Qp¡\p dpmdp„ fl¡ R>¡.

Qp¡\p h®_p _uQ¡_p cpNdp„ "Ðhfusp' _pd_u kps v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡ : ernZu, i„rM_u, gpqL$_u, fpqL$_u,

ipqL$_u, X$pqL$_u, A_¡ kpsdu lpqL$_u - Ap kps v$¡huAp¡ cyÅAp¡_p âQ„X$ fp¾$dhpmu R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡ c|sp¡_¡,

fpnkp¡_¡ A_¡ ApMu ©Õhu_¡ ÅZ¡ u S>i¡ s¡hu ce„L$f S>ZpB flu R>¡. s¡d_p âQ„X$ tkl_pv$ (NS®>_pAp¡)\u v$i¡

qv$ipAp¡ ìepá \B flu R>¡.

qL$fuQ¾$ f\_p p„Qdp h®dp„ psy_p\p _pd_u v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡. ArZdp Apqv$ ApW$ rkqÙAp¡ v$¡hphpmu Ap

v$¡huAp¡ dp¡l `dpX$hpdp„, spX$_ L$fhpdp„ A_¡ õs„c_ L$fhpdp„ kd\® R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡ vy$ô$ v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ kd|g rh_pi

L$fhpdp„ r_`yZ R>¡ A_¡ k„`|Z® vy$:Mp¡_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmu R>¡. s¡Ap¡ îu S>Nv„$bp_u cqL$shpmu R>¡ kh£ psyAp¡dp„ Ap

v$¡huAp¡_p¡ r_hpk R>¡ (A\p®s¹ Ap v$¡huAp¡ ifuf_u ká^psyAp¡ A¡V$g¡ L$¡ - ÐhQp, fL$s, dp„k, dÄÅ, d¡v$, Aqõ\,

Ap¡S>k_u Ar^óW$pÓu v$¡huAp¡ R>¡, s\p `©Õhu_u kh® ^psyAp¡ `Z Ap v$¡huAp¡_p Ar^L$pfdp„ R>¡.) dpV$¡ S> Ap

v$¡huAp¡_y„ _pd "^psy_p\p' R>¡. s¡Ap¡ kps kdyÖ_u sf„Ndpmp (ifufdp„_p kps k|ÿd EÅ® Q¾$p¡) A_¡ ApL$pi

(Ap„sqfL$ A_„s fd ìep¡d S>¡_¡ v$lf ApL$pi L$l¡ R>¡ s¡) _¡ kyip¡rcs L$f_pfu iqL$sAp¡ R>¡.

Ap v$¡huAp¡ AX$û nZdp„ v$p_hp¡_u iqL$sAp¡_¡ u S>_pfu R>¡. AÐe„s kplkhpmu R>¡. s¡Ap¡_p v$p„s dp¡V$p„

R>¡ A_¡ _¡Óp¡ ce„L$f R>¡. S>¡ `p¡sp_p dprgL$_p¡ Öp¡l L$f¡, `p¡sp_u dep®v$p_p¡ Öp¡l L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ h¡qv$L$p_p¡ Öp¡l L$f¡, S>¡

v$¡hspAp¡_p¡ Öp¡l L$f¡ s\p S>¡ `p¡sp_p `n_p kæep¡_p Öp¡l L$f¡ A¡hp vy$ô$ v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ A„s L$fhp kd\® R>¡. `p¡qÓZu

v„$X$_p\p fu_u Ap v$¡huAp¡ kv$pe k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

Ap dpm_u pk¡ buSy„> qv$ìe d„qv$f R>¡ s¡dp„ ¾$p¡r^_u A_¡ õs„rc_u _pd\u Ap¡mMpsu b¡ v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡. Ap

b¡ v$¡huAp¡ hpfplu v$¡hu_p¡ Apv$f L$f¡ R>¡ s¡d_u cyÅdp„ `l¡f¡gp„ L„$L$Z_p¡ MZMZ AhpS> Aphu füp¡ R>¡. s¡d_p

lp\dp„ Mà`f R>¡. s¡d_u Ap„Mp¡ kv$pe QL$fL$pfu fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡ lku flu R>¡.

v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_p b¡ Apey^p¡ R>¡ : lm A_¡ d|km. Ap b„_¡ Apey^p¡ v$¡hsp S>¡hy„ ê$` pfZ L$fu_¡ qL$fuQ¾$ f\_u

b„_¡ bpSy>dp„ r_hpk L$fu füp„ R>¡. Ap v$¡hspAp¡_p dyNV$dp„ lm A_¡ d|km_y„ rQŒ R>¡. Äepf¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_¡

AphíeL$sp lp¡e Ðepf¡ Ap b„_¡ v$¡hspAp¡ lm A_¡ d|km_y„ ê$` ^pfZ L$fu_¡ Ap S>Ns_p v$p¡jp¡_¡ v|$f L$fhpdp„

v„$X$_peL$p v$¡hu_u klpesp L$f¡ R>¡.

26

dp grgsp A„bp_y„ S> A¡L$ ê$` lp¡e A¡hp v„$X$_peL$p v$¡hu R>¡. s¡Ap¡ Ap bß¡ lr\epfp¡_¡ pfZ L$fu_¡ rhk„N

_pd_p v$p_h_¡ k„N°pddp„ dpfi¡.

Ap h®dp„ v„$X$_peL$p v$¡hu_u ApNm_p cpNdp„ A¡L$ dlpce„L$f tkl NS®>_p L$fu füp¡ R>¡. s¡_u NS®>_p_p

AhpS>\u ApMy„ ApL$pi cfpB Ney„ R>¡. s¡_p v$p„s_p L$QL$QpV$\u v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡ bl¡fu \B flu R>¡. Ap tkl_y„ _pd

"Q„X$p¡Q„X$' R>¡.

Ap Q„X$p¡Q„X$ _pd_p tkl_y„ ifuf Agp¥qL$L$ R>¡ s¡_¡ ÓZ _¡Ó R>¡, A_¡ Qpf lp\ R>¡. Ap tkl¡ A¡L$ lp\dp„

qÓiyg, A¡L$ lp\dp„ MX$¹N, A¡L$ lp\dp„ â¡s A_¡ A¡L$ lp\dp„ pi pfZ L$ep£ R>¡. s¡ kv$pe v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u k¡hp dpV$¡

sÐ`f fl¡ R>¡, A_¡ v„$X$_peL$p_u kpd¡ S> Å¡B füp¡ R>¡.

qL$fuQ¾$ f\_p R>Ì$p dpmdp„ hpsp®gu, hpfprl Apqv$ ApW$ v$¡huAp¡ f\_u ApW$ qv$ipdp„ rhfpS>¡ R>¡. s¡d_u Op¡f

NS®>_p A¡hu R>>¡ L$¡ s¡_p\u h®sp¡ X$u Åe. Ap ApW$ v$¡huAp¡A¡ ApW$ _pN thV$pmu fp¿ep R>¡ S>¡ s¡d_u k¡_p A_¡

hpl_p¡_p„ fnL$ R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡ `p¡sp_u âQ„X$ cyÅAp¡_p bm\u eyÙê$ù eoLy„$X$dp„ v$p_hp¡_p¡ lh_ L$fu _pMhp

sÐ`f R>¡. leN°uhÆ bp¡ëep : l¡ ANõÐe F$rj ! lh¡ Ap ApW$ v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd kp„cmp¡ - hpsp®gu, hpfplu,

hpfpldyMu, A„r^_u, {„$r^_u, S©„>rcZu, dp¡ql_u, õs„rc_u. iÓyAp¡_¡ np¡c dpX$hpdp„ A_¡ s¡d_y„ DÃQpV$_ L$fu

_pMhpdp„ Ap iqL$sAp¡ kd\® R>¡.

Ap h®_p X$pbp cpNdp„ A¡L$ rhfpV$¹ pX$p¡ kv$pe fl¡ R>¡. s¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_y„ D`hpl_ R>¡. s¡_y„ _pd "L$pkfp¡'

R>¡. s¡_u ApL©$rs OpV$p ydpX$p S>¡hu R>¡. A^p® L$p¡k S>¡V$gp„ gp„bp s¡_p tiNX$p R>¡ A_¡ b¡ L$p¡k S>¡V$gy„ gp„by s¡_y„ ifuf

R>¡. (A\p®s¹ OÏ„ dp¡Vy„$ ifuf R>¡) sghpf S>¡hp„ s¡_p„ ê$hpX$p„ R>¡ A_¡ ApMy„ ifuf s¡ ê$hpX$p„\u R>hpe¡gy„ R>¡. edfpS>_p

L$pmv„$X$ S>¡hy„ s¡_y„ |„R>Xy„$ R>¡. L$pmp Ap„S>Z S>¡hp¡ s¡_p¡ f„N R>¡. ¾$p¡^\u s¡_u c©Ly$V$u QX$¡gu R>¡. r_grNqf h®s S>¡hp s¡_p

Mæcp R>¡. s¡_p Nfd Nfd ðpk\u kdyÖ Z L„$`pedp_ \B Åe R>¡. s¡_p¡ OfOf AhpS> ÅZ¡ edfpS>_p pX$p_p

AhpS>_¡ lku füp¡ R>¡. (A\p®s¹ s¡_u OfOfpV$u, edfpS>_p pX$p L$fsp„e h y cep_L$ R>¡.) s¡ S>epf¡ Qpg¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡

s¡_u Mfu_p AhpS>\u ApL$pi `Z ÅZ¡ M„qX$s \B Åe R>¡. Aphp¡ âQ„X$ "L$pkfp¡' _pd_p¡ `pX$p¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u

k¡hpdp„ kv$pe sÐ`f fl¡ R>¡.

Ap dpm_p _uQ¡_p cpNdp„ kh£ v$¡hspNZ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_u L$pe®rkqÙ A\£ Ap

v$¡hspAp¡ Al] Apìep„ R>¡. AàkfpAp¡_u kp\¡ v$¡hfpS> BÞÖ, Qp¡kW$ L$p¡qV$ rkÙ gp¡L$p¡, Aq‚v$¡hsp, kpÝe v$¡hsp,

rhð v$¡hsp, rhðL$dp®, de v$p_h, dps©NZ, NZp¡ krls {$Ö_p¡ `qfhpf, rìpQp¡, fpnkp¡_p _peL$p¡, rdÓNZ,

Nphpdp„ âhuZ A¡hp„ Np„^hp£, rhðphky Apqv$ hky v$¡hspAp¡, c|s NZp¡, hê$Z, D`¡ÞÖ, rhÛp^fp¡, qL$ßfp¡,

dê$s¡ðf, hpeyv$¡hsp, f\p¡_¡ b_ph_pfp rQÓf\, sy„byê$, _pfv$, en, Ly$b¡f, v$¡hspAp¡_u kp\¡ cNhp_ Np¡qh„v$,

Bip_v$¡h L$¡ S>¡d_y„ qÓi|m cep_L$ R>¡, b°ûp, h¥v$ rhÛp rhipfv$ A[ð_uLy$dpfp¡, ^Þh„sfu cNhp_, A_¡L$

NZ_peL$p¡, k|„Y$hpmp NZ_peL$ L$¡ S>¡ Ad©s u_¡ s©á \e¡gp„ R>¡. A_„s, hpkyqL$, snL$, L$fL$p¡V$L$, Ú, dlp`Ú,

i„M`pg, NyrgL$, iybg - Ap b^p„ _pNp¡_p Bðf R>¡. L$fp¡X$p¡ _pNp¡\u O¡fpe¡gp„ R>¡ - Ap âdpZ¡ b^p„ v$¡hspAp¡ s¥epf

R>¡. |h® qv$ip\u dp„X$u, bû qv$ipAp¡dp„ v$¡hspAp¡_p d„qv$fp¡ (õ\p_) qL$fuQ¾$ dlpf\dp„ R>¡.

27

Ap âL$pidp_ qL$fuQ¾$ f\_p kpsdp `h®dp„ S©„>rcZu, õs„rc_u, dp¡rl_u - Ap ÓZ v$¡huAp¡ Ar^[ó„W$s

R>¡. s¡Ap¡A¡ L$`pg A_¡ Nv$p pfZ L$f¡gu R>¡. s¡d_p hpm KQp \e¡gp„ R>¡. dlp_ ifuf R>¡. L$pmp¡ f„N R>¡ A_¡ pspm

gp¡L$ è¯s s¡d_p AË$lpõe_p¡ AhpS> `lp¢Qu füp¡ R>¡. b°ûp„X$d„X$mdp„ ce a¡gphu füp„ R>¡. X$dfy hNpX$u_¡ ÅZ¡

ApL$pi_¡ NÅhu füp„ R>¡. lp\dp„ _pN`pi pfZ L$ep£ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p¡ ÓZ dõsL$hpmp¡ _pN a|„apX$p dpfu füp¡ R>¡. s¡

_pN`pi_y„ _pd n¡Ó`pg R>¡ A_¡ s¡ Al] qL$fuðfu v$¡hu (v„$X$_p\p)_u k¡hp L$fu füp¡ R>¡. s¡_u kdu`dp„ v$¡hu_„y L$¡kfu

hpl_ (tkl) R>¡, S>¡ hpl_ D`f b¡ku_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ lZhp s¡ v$¡hu âh©Ñ \i¡. Ap tkl_y„ hZ®_ ANpD L$f¡gy„

R>¡.

s¡ `h®_p _uQgp cpNdp„ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_p S>¡hu S> ip¡cphpmu s¡d_p kdp_ c|jZ A_¡ Apey^p¡\u

kykrÄS>s, hfplu (v„$X$_p\p) v$¡hu_u kdp_ Q„Öf¡Mp\u kyip¡rcs L$¡ihpmu, lm A_¡ d|km_p Apey^p¡ hX$¡ dp

grgsp Açbp_p Öp¡luAp¡, íepdp v$¡hu_p Öp¡luAp¡, v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_p Öp¡luAp¡, Ap ÓZ¡ v$¡huAp¡_p cL$sp¡_p

Öp¡luAp¡, v$¡hu_u |Å_p rhfp¡ûAp¡_¡ L$W$p¡f rinp L$f_pfu lÅfp¡ v$¡huAp¡ qL$fuðfu v$¡hu_u k¡hp L$fu flu R>¡. (s¡d_p„

_pd v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_p kl÷_pddp„ Ap`hpdp„ Apìep„ R>¡.)

qL$fuðfu v$¡hu_u k¡hpdp„ fl¡gu Ap iqL$sAp¡_p„ dyM hfplu S>¡hp„ R>¡. s¡d_u kdu`dp„ v„$X$_p\p_y„ A¡L$ h^y

hpl_ L©$óZd©N fl¡gy„ R>¡. Ap L©$óZd©N_p„ i]N A^p® L$p¡k S>¡V$gp„ gp„bp R>¡. s¡_p\u A^y¯ lp¡my„ s¡_y„ dyM R>¡. A¡L$

L$p¡k gp„bp s¡_p N R>¡. |„R>Xy„$ kv$pe KQy L$fu fpM¡gy„ R>¡. s¡_y„ ¡V$ ka¡v$ R>¡ s¡ h_v$¡h_p hpl_ lfZ_p fp¾$d_¡

ÅZ¡ lku füp¡ lp¡e s¡d ly„L$pf L$f¡ R>¡.

qL$fuQ¾$ f\dp„ s¡ S> dpmdp„ dqv$fp_p kdyÖ_p v$¡h (A\p®s¹ dqv$fp tk^y) fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_y„ ifuf dpZ¡L$_p

`lpX$ S>¡hy„ gpg A_¡ _¡Óp¡ dv$\u O¡fpe¡gp„ R>¡. kyhZ® L$dmp¡_u dpmp X$p¡L$dp„ pfZ L$f¡gu R>¡, s¡d_u dv$iqL$s s¡d_u

bpSy>dp„ R>¡. s¡_p lp\dp„ gpg L$dm R>¡. Äepf¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe kp\¡_p cujZ k„N°pd hMs¡ iqL$sAp¡ eyÙ_p M¡v$\u

sfku \i¡ Ðepf¡ dqv$fp tk^y, d yf dqv$fp_u hjp® L$fu_¡ fZdp„ v$¡huAp¡_u sfk R>u`phi¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Ap k„N°pd fd Av¹cys S> \hp_p¡ R>¡. s¡_y„ Äepf¡ ly„ hZ®_ L$fui

Ðepf¡ sd¡ kp„cmÅ¡.

Ap kpsdp `h®_p _uQ¡_p cpN_p ApW$¡e qv$ipAp¡_p„ M|Zp A_¡ D`f s\p _uQ¡_u A¡d v$i qv$ipAp¡_p

Ar^óW$psp v$i c¥fh R>¡. s¡Ap¡ dlpî¡óW$ c¥fhp¡ R>¡ s\p s¡d_y„ `fp¾$d ârkÙ R>¡. s¡d_p i÷p¡_p„ s¡S> ÅZ¡ k|e®_¡

âL$pris L$fu füp„ R>¡ (s¡hp„ DN° s¡S>hpmp„ qv$ìe i÷p¡_¡ ^pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡). L$ë`_p A„sdp„ Ap c¥fhp¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u

Apop\u rhð_p¡ A„s (âge) L$fu _pM¡ R>¡. (k|e® kdp_ s¡S>hpmp Ap i÷p¡ A¡V$g¡ S> AÏi÷p¡ !) Ap c¥fhp¡_p¡

Ars Av¹cys õhcph R>¡. s¡Ap¡ ¾$p¡ dp„ v$p„sp¡\u lp¡W$ uku füp„ R>¡. qÓi|g_p AN°cpN\u hpv$mp„_y„ R>¡v$_ L$fu füp„

R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd : l¡syL$, qÓ`yfpqf, Aq‚c¥fh, edÆìlp, A¡L$`pv$, L$pmc¥fh, L$fpg c¥fh, cudê$`, lpV$L$¡i, A_¡

AQg. Ap v$i c¥fh v$i L$p¡qV$ hufp¡_u kp\¡ R>¡. Ap c¥fhp¡ qL$fuQ¾$_p h®_u kudp f fl¡ R>¡. Ap âdpZ¡ kpsdp

`h®dp„ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u k¡hpdp„ fl¡gu S©„>rcZu Apqv$ iqL$sAp¡ iê$Apsdp„ A_¡ s¡_u kudp `f AQg Apqv$ c¥fh

R>¡hV$¡ - A¡d hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„. Ap v$¡huAp¡, v$p_hp¡_¡ eyÙdp„ dpfi¡ A_¡ ky^p_p¡ kdyÖ dqv$fp_u hjp® L$fi¡.

28

Ap fus¡ v$f¡L$ h®dp„ fl¡gu v$¡huAp¡ A_¡ v$¡hspAp¡ f\_y„ fnZ L$f¡ R>¡. s¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_p¡ "qL$fuQ¾$' _pd_p¡

f\ L$¡ S>¡ kh® f\p¡dp„ fÐ_ kdp_ ip¡cu füp¡ R>¡ s¡ ApNm Qpëep¡.

Äep„ cNhsu grgsp Açbp_p¡ Q¾$fpS> f\ ip¡cpedp_ \B_¡ Ecp¡ R>¡ Ðep„ S> d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_p¡ NursQ¾$

f\ A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_p¡ qL$fuQ¾$ f\ Aphu `lp¢Ãep„. Ap ÓZ¡e f\p¡ ÅZ¡ S>Ns-qÓgp¡L$u S>¡hp S>Zpe R>¡.

lÅfp¡_u k„¿ep_u iqL$sk¡_pAp¡ hÃQ¡ Ap ÓZ¡e f\p¡ Qpgu füp R>¡. s¡ ÓZ dlpf\p¡ ÅZ¡ d¡ê$ h®s, d„v$fpQg *

`h®s A_¡ thÝepQg h®s ÓZ¡e A¡L$ kp\¡ Aphu Ecp lp¡e s¡hp Av$¹cys A_¡ cìe v$¡Mpe R>¡. s¡ f\p¡_u Qpf¡ bpSy>

dlp_ S>eOp¡j L$fsu A_¡ DÐkpl\u DR>pmp g¡su iqL$s k¡_pAp¡ ÅZ¡ OyOhsp dlpkdyÖ S>¡hu ip¡cu flu R>¡. s¡

f\p¡_p Qpghp\u _¡ Ny„S>hp\u ApMu ©Õhu Qgpedp_ \B flu R>¡.

dp grgsp Açbp_p Q¾$fpS> f\_u kpfr\ R> v$¡huAp¡ R>¡ s¡d_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : v$¡hu, qÓ`yf c¥fhu,

k„lpf c¥fhu, fL$sep¡rN_u, kpfk, Qpdy„X$p. Ap v$¡huAp¡ M|b S> bmhpmu R>¡ A_¡ f\_u gNpd L$X$u fpMu R>¡.

NursQ¾$ f\_p kpfr\ L©$k„rsL$p v$¡hu R>¡ A_¡ qL$fuQ¾$ f\_p„ kpfr\ õs„rc_u v$¡hu R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_p¡

f\ v$i ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡. NursQ¾$ f\ kps ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡ A_¡ qL$fuQ¾$ f\ R> ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡. Q¾$fpS> f\ f

dlpdp¡suAp¡_y„ RÓ kyip¡rcs \B füy„ R>¡ s¡ irL$s kpd°pS>e_y„ k|QL$ R>¡. buÅ„ b¡ f\p¡dp„ kpdpÞe R>Ó R>¡. dp

grgsp Açbp kh® iqL$sAp¡_u dl¡ðfu R>¡. ÓZ¡ gp¡L$_p kpd°pS>e`v$ D`f rhfpS>dp_ `fd¡ðfu R>¡. s¡Ap¡

iqL$sk¡_p krls c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p _pi dpV$¡ âõ\p_ L$f¡ R>¡. kh® qv$ipAp¡dp„ AhpS> Aphu füp¡ R>¡. ©Õhu L„$r`s \B

flu R>¡. kh® „Qdlpc|sp¡ np¡c pdu füp„ R>¡. cNhsu_p eyÙ dpV$¡_p âepZ kde¡ v$¡hspAp¡ vy„$vy$rc hNpX$u füp„ R>¡

A_¡ a|gp¡_u hjp® L$fu füp„ R>¡. rhðphky Apqv$ Np„^hp£ rhS>e dpV$¡_p„ Nus NpB füp„ R>¡. sy„byê$, _pfv$ A_¡ kpnps

kfõhsu v$¡hu S>e d„Ng_p pW$ NpB füp„ R>¡. lj®\u s¡d_p„ dyM Mugu EW$ep„ R>¡. yô$h©[ô$ \B flu R>¡. hpf„hpf dp

grgsp Açbp_p¡ S>e lp¡, S>e lp¡ A¡hp¡ S>eOp¡j L$fu füp„ R>¡. AÐe„s lj®dp„ Aphu kly _pQu füp„ R>¡. hrkóW$ Apqv$

kárj® R>¡ s¡ F$Áh¡v$, eSy>h£v$, kpdh¡v$, A\h®h¡v$_p d„Óp¡\u dp grgsp Açbp_u S>eîu_u h©qÙ L$fu füp„ R>¡. dlp_

Apiuh®Q_p¡\u F$rjAp¡ S>e _u h©qÙ L$fu füp„ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ Üpfp õsyrs L$fpe¡gp dp grgsp Açbp Q¾$fpS> f\dp„

rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ Æshp dpV$¡ AÐe„s bmhpmp iqL$sk¥Þe kp\¡ dp grgsp Açbp ApNm h^hp

gpÁep„.

îu Q¾$fpS> f\dp„ V$p¡Q f îu grgsp Açbp rhfpS>dp_ R>¡, îu NursQ¾$ f\dp„ V$p¡Q f îu d„Óu_p\p *

(íepdgp) v$¡hu rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. A_¡ îu qL$fuQ¾$ f\dp„ V$p¡Q `f îu v„$X$_p\p (hpfplu) v$¡hu rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. Ap

ÓZ¡e dlpf\p¡dp„ A_¡L$ dpm (`h®)dp„ rhrh^ v$¡hu, v$¡hspAp¡ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. s¡ kh£_y„ ¾$rdL$ rhNshpf hZ®_

Ap`Z¡ Al] kyû ÅÎey„. Ap b^p„ S> f\p¡_u cp¥rdsuL$ (rQÓp„qL$s) ârsL©$rs b_phuA¡ sp¡ s¡_p„ L$¡ÞÖtbvy$dp„ f\_p„

A[^óW$pÓu dy¿e v$¡hu_y„ õ\p_ lp¡e A_¡ s¡_u afs¡ A_¡L$ AphfZp¡ lp¡e - s¡ kh£ f\_p Sy>v$p-Sy>v$p ¾$rdL$ h® lp¡e

A_¡ s¡ v$f¡L$ AphfZp¡dp„ - s¡ s¡ AphfZdp„ rhfpS>dp_ v$¡hu, v$¡hspAp¡_p„ _pd gMhpdp„ Aph¡. Aphu rQÓp„qL$s

fQ_p_¡ s¡ dy¿e v$¡hu_y„ "e„Ó' L$l¡hpe. Aphp e„Ó_u |Åõ\p_dp„ õ\p`_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ s\p s¡dp„ blpf_p

AphfZ\u gB_¡ ¾$di: A„v$f_u sfa S>sp„ s¡dp_p„ v$f¡L$ v$¡hu, v$¡hspAp¡_p _pd_p¡ (A\hp d„Ó_p¡) S>` L$fsp„ L$fsp„

29

R>¡hV$¡ L$¡ÞÖdp„ fl¡gp„ dy¿e v$¡hu_p„ _pd (A\hp d„Ó) es lp¢Qhp_y„ lp¡e R>¡. Ap fus¡ hpf„hpf Aphs®_ L$fu_¡ s¡

e„Ó_¡ Ap`Zp rQÑdp„ qõ\f L$fhp\u s¡ qv$ìeiqL$sAp¡_y„ Å¡X$pZ Ap`Zp A„s:L$fZ kp\¡ \hp gpN¡ R>¡. A_¡ R>u s¡

iqL$sAp¡ Ap`Zpdp„ kq¾$e \B_¡ blpf_p S>Nsdp„ Ap`Zp dpÝed\u `p¡sp_p„ QdÐL$pfp¡ `Z bsph¡ R>¡. Ap

âL$pf_u kp^_p `Ùrs_¡ "e„Ó-kp^_p' L$l¡ R>¡. A_¡ s¡ iqL$sAp¡ S>epf¡ Ap`Zu A„v$f ÅN©s \hp gpN¡ Ðepf¡

Ap`Z¡ p¡s¡ s¡ iqL$s_y„ hpl_ b_u S>BA¡ R>uA¡ A\p®s¹ Ap`Zp¡ v$¡l S> iqL$sAp¡_p¡ "f\' b_u Åe R>¡ A¡_p dpV$¡

gp„bp kde_u ^¥e®`|h®L$_u kp^_p Ar_hpe® R>¡. s¡dp„ |Z® A¡L$pN°sp\u e„Ó_y„ Ýep_tQs_ `Z bly S> S>ê$fu R>¡.

Apd L$fhp\u R>¡hV$¡ s¡ e„Ó "rkÙ' \pe R>¡.

âL$fZ - 11

c„X$pkyf Al„L$pf

dp grgsp A„bp_p iqL$sk¥Þe_p Qpghp_p¡ AhpS> A_¡ s¡ kp\¡ rhrh^ hprS„>Óp¡_p¡ AhpS> âQ„X$ lsp¡. s¡

AhpS>\u c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p _Nfdp„ fl¡hphpmp_¡ dlp_ np¡c \ep¡. vy$b®yqÙhpmp c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_y„ fpÄe ¡ÞÖ dl

`h®s(A\p®s fpÅAp¡_y„ dNS>) gB_¡ kdyÖqL$_pfp kyû (Vy„$L$dp„ ApMu ^fsu `f) lsy„. s¡ c„X$pkyf dlp_ \u

(L$p¥cp„X$p¡_p¡ Akyf)_p _Nf_y„ _pd i|ÞeL$`yf lsy„. (A\p®s¹ S>ep„ Þepe, _urs, v$ep, d®, kÐe, Atlkp, fp¡`L$pf

Apqv$ _ lp¡e A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_p dNS> op_i|Þe A_¡ ùv$e gpNZu i|Þe lp¡e s¡hu °ÅAp¡ S>¡dp„ hksu lp¡e s¡_¡ Al]

i|ÞeL$`yf L$üy R>¡.)„

¹ Ap i|ÞeL$`yf ÓZ¡e gp¡L$dp„ âQrgs lsy„. (A\p®s b ¡ S> Aphu AfpS>L$sp_p¡ ìep` lsp¡.) rhk„N v$¥Ðe_p

dp¡V$pcpB c„X$pkyf (S>¡ dpÓ `p¡sp_p S> c„X$pfp¡ cep® L$f¡ s¡hp fpÅ_y„) Ðep„ fpÄe lsy„. s¡ _Nf kp¡ ep¡S>__p

rhõspfhpmy„ lsy„. Ap¡tQsp dp grgspA„bp_y„ k¡_p krls ApNd_ \ep_p kdpQpf kp„cmu_¡ b^p„ v$¥Ðep¡ X$fu Nep.

kp¡ ep¡S>_ rhõspfhpmy„ s¡ i|ÞeL$`yf _Nf dp grgsp A„bp_p ApNd_\u k¡_pAp¡_p Qpghp\u \_pfp ^|m_p

hpv$m\u R>hpB Ney„ s\p buÅ ÂpZp DÐ`psp¡(AìyL$_p¡) \hp gpÁep„.

c]v$¥Ðe_p _Nfdp„ AL$pm¡ S> sp¡ X$hp gpNu (A\p®s fsuL„$` \hp gpÁep¡ ) ApL$pid„X$mdp„ Qpf¡L$p¡f Q½$f

Q½$f afsp AN_Np¡mp ÅZ¡ _Nf `f hfku füp lp¡e s¡hy„ \hp gpÁey„. i|Þe _Nfdp„ `©Õhu bmhp gpNu. L$ |f

_Nf_p gp¡L$p¡_p„ v$e L$p„`hp dp„X$ep. _Nf_u ÅAp¡ D`f L„$L$,Nu^,bNgp A_¡ L$pNX$p b¡khp gpÁep.ù

dk|e® „$X$mdp„ Qpf¡L$p¡f k|e® afsp„, Q½$f v$¡Mphp gpÁep. ApL$pidp„ ce„L$f AhpS> \B füp R>¡. Qpf¡L$p¡f

drg_ spfp v$¡MpB füp R>¡. v$¥Ðe fpnkp¡_¡ np¡rcs L$fhphpmp¡ ydpX$p¡ v$¡MpB füp¡ R>¡. v$¥Ðep¡_u ÷uAp¡_p„ ApcyjZp¡,

dpmp hN¡f¡ L„$W$dp„\u _uQ¡ X$hp gpÁep„ R>¡. lp lp iåv$ p¡ AhpS> (lplpL$pf) \B füp¡ R>¡. Qpf¡L$p¡f fp¡hp_p¡ AhpS> _

Aphu füp¡ R>¡. v$`®Z, L$hQ, Å, MX$¹N drZAp¡, hõÓp¡ hpf„hpf d¡gp„ \B Åe R>¡.,

ui|ÞeL$`yf_p„ dL$p_p¡dp„, Q„Öipmpdp„, fds_p d¡v$p_dp„, AV$pf Ap¡dp„, Äep„ b¡ku_¡ hpsQus L$fhpdp„ Aph¡

30

R>¡ s¡ bÅfdp„ A_¡ kcpdp„, Qp¡fplp¡dp„, NguAp¡dp„, i¡fuAp¡dp„, Âpfdp„, b¡W$L$M„X$ lp¡e Ðep„ bûS> S>ÁepA¡ np¡c ,

\B füp¡ R>¡. Ncp®Npfdp„, Np¡ yf, L$dpX$p¡dp„, Ap¡kfuAp¡dp„, bpfuAp¡dp„, ANpiuAp¡dp„ kh®Ó v$¥Ðe_Nfdp„

fl¡hphpmp„ _NfS>_p¡ AiychpZu kp„cmu füp„ R>¡.

Ap fus¡ ©Õhu D`f A_¡ ApL$pidp„ Qpf¡ L$p¡f DÐ`ps Å¡B gp¡L$p¡ cecus \B Nep. _Nf_p gp¡L$p¡A¡ c„X$pkyf

v$¥Ðe_¡ DÐ`psp¡_u hps L$fu. Ap âQ„X$ DÐ`psp¡_p kdyÖ_¡ Å¡B_¡ Z c„X$pkyf_u ûfS> M|V$u _l]. sp¡`Z d„ÓZp

õ\p_dp„ b^p„ v$¥Ðep¡ c¡Np„ \B_¡ d„ÓZp L$fhp gpÁep.

c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_y„ d„ÓZpõ\p_ drZAp¡\u kyip¡rcs lsy„ _¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe kyd¡fy `h®s S>¡hp JQp tklpk_

D`f b¡W$p¡ lsp¡. v$¥Ðep¡_p dyNV$ D`f S>¡ fÐ_p¡ S>X$¡gp„ lsp„ s¡_p„ qL$fZp¡\u d„ÓZpõ\p_ âL$pris \B Ney„. Ap

d„ÓZpõ\p_ A¡L$ ep¡S>_ rhõspfhpmy„ lsy„. s¡ d„ÓZpõ\p_dp„ D„Qp tklpk_ D`f c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe b¡W$p¡ lsp¡. s¡_p b¡

cpBAp¡ s¡_u k¡hp L$fsp„ lsp„. s¡d_p„ _pd hukyL$f A_¡ huk„N lsp„. s¡Ap¡ dlpbgu A_¡ dlp`fp¾$dhpmp lsp„.

qÓgp¡L$_p L„$V$L$ê$` v$¥Ðe lsp„. s¡Ap¡_p„ lp\ ce„L$f lsp„.

s¡ b„ß¡ v$¥Ðep¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_u Apop_y„ L$v$u`Z D‰„Âp_ L$fsp„ _lp¡sp„ qÓgp¡L$udp„ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p S>e_¡

h^pfhp hpmp lsp„.

hukyL$f A_¡ huk„N v$¥Ðep¡ _uQy„ dp\y L$fu_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_u `N fpMhp_u S>Áep_p¡ õì® L$fu °Zpd L$fu

füp R>¡ A_¡ ^fsu `f b¡W$p R>¡. v$¡hspAp¡_p h¡fuAp¡dp„ S>¡ î¡›$ R>¡, s¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe S>epf¡ `p¡sp_p tklpk_ D`f

b¡W$p¡ Ðepf¡ kh® kpd„s v$¥ÐefpÅAp¡ s¡_p v$i®_ L$fhp Apìep.Ap kpd„s v$¥ÐefpÅAp¡_u k¡_pAp¡ A¡V$gu rhipm lsu L$¡

s¡dp„_p A¡L$ S> fpÅ_u k¡_p_u Z NZÓu _ \B iL$¡. p¡s`p¡sp_p _pd_p¡ qfQe Apù c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ _dõL$pf

L$fu füp R>¡. c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe L$¡V$gpL$ kde kyû s¡ v$¥ÐefpÅAp¡_y„ r_qfnZ L$fsp¡ füp¡. c„X$pkyf_p¡ cpB hukyL$f,

c„X$pkyf_¡ kdyÖ_p NS®>_ S>¡hu hpZu\u bp¡ëep¡ : l¡ v$¥ÐefpS ! sdpfu cyÅAp¡_p bm\u S>¡_y„ bm A_¡ fp¾$d _ô$

\B Ney„ A¡hp `pù, `pdf, v$yfpÐdp, A^d A_¡ rh pv$\u cf¡gp v$¡hspAp¡_¡ L$p¡B fnZ dmsy„ lp¡hp\u s¡ j _

v$¡hspAp¡A¡ âÄhrgs A[‚dp„ p¡sp_p ifuf lp¡du v$u^p„ (A\p®s s¡Ap¡ Aq‚dp„ X$u_¡ _pi pçep.) s¡ Aq‚dp„\u ¹

v$¡hspAp¡dp„\u L$p¡B A¡L$ õÓu DÐ`ß \B R>¡. s¡ ÷u bm_p Nh®hpmu R>¡. s¡ BÞÖ $Apqv$ v$¡hspAp¡_p k„L$ë`\u fQpB

A_¡ s¡Z¡ v$¡hsp p¡_¡ afu\u `y_ rhs L$fu v$u^p, Ap\u âbm DÐkpl\u cfpB_¡ s¡ v$¡hp¡A¡ õsyrshQ_p¡ pfp s¡ A Æ® Ü

÷uAp¡_p¡ dp¡V$p¡ kdyl fQu v$u^p¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ kÂpmu ÷uAp¡ A_¡L$ °L$pf_p A÷i÷\u kˆ$ \B_¡ Ap`Z_¡ Æshp_p

r_òe kp\¡ Aphu flu R>¡. rh^psp_p rh^p_ EgV$p„ R>¡, s¡ ÷u p¡sp_u kp\¡ AbmpAp¡_p kd|l_¡ gphu_¡ s¡_p\u

Ad¡ S>¡ bmhp_ R>¡ s¡_¡ Æshp Qpl¡ R>¡. Ap sp¡ ÅZ¡ p„v$X$p\u Õ\f sp¡X$hp S>¡hy„ \i¡ ! s¡ ÷u S>¡ âL$pf_p k¥Þe_u

kp\¡ gX$hp Aphu flu R>¡ s¡ (k¥Þe) Z lp„ku_¡ pÓ R>¡. Ap _hpB_u hps R>¡ L$¡ ÷uAp¡ Ap`Z_¡ Æsi¡ s¡ iy„ gpÆ

dfhp_u hps _\u ? Adpfu k¡_p_p¡ A¡L$ fhuf v$¥Ðe Z s¡ b^ S> ÷uAp¡_¡ cecus L$fu_¡ _kpX$u d|L$¡ s¡d R>¡. iy u

BÞÖ Apqv$ v$¡hsp Adpfp\u L$pef \B Nep R>¡. Adpfp bm, fp¾$d\u b°ûp Apqv$ Z cpÁep R>¡. rhóÏ_u sp¡ Ap¡

hps S> iy„ ? dlpv$¡h Z X$fu Nep„ R>¡ buÅ_u sp¡ iy„ hps L$fhu ? v$i¡ qv$ip_p qv$Á pmp¡ Z cpNu Nep„ R>¡.`

Adpfp suÿZ A_¡ v$¡Mu `Z _ iL$pe s¡hp TX$ù bpZp¡\u v$¡hspAp¡_p„ L$hQp¡ R>¡v$pB Nep„ R>¡ A_¡ Ad¡

31

v$¡hspAp¡_p¡ kÂpmp¡ _ip¡ Dspfu _p¿ep¡ R>¡. A¡hp Ad¡ dlp`fp¾$duAp¡ L$¡ S>¡_u cyÅAp¡dp„ bm R>¡ s¡hp Ad_¡

Æshp dpV$¡ ApS> A¡L$ ÷u v$p¡X$u flu R>¡. `f„sy qhQpf L$fsp„ A¡d S>Zpe R>¡ L$¡ s¡ cg¡ ÷u lp¡e R>sp„ `Z s¡_u

AhNZ_p L$fhu _l]. dpd|gu iÓy lp¡e sp¡ Z Æshphpmp Ap`Z¡ s¡_u AhNZ_p _ L$fhu, dpV$¡ s¡ ÷uAp¡_u

k¡_p_¡ cNpX$hp dpV$¡ k¥r_L$p¡_¡ dp¡L$gp¡.s¡ dv$\u DÝ^s \e¡gu dy¿e ÷u_¡ L$¡ip¡\u `L$X$u_¡ gB Aphhu Å¡BA¡. l¡

v$¥ÐeÞÖ ! sdpfp iyc A„s:`yfdp„ d©Ngp¡Q_p S>¡hu ÷uAp¡ R>¡ s¡_u v$pku b_u_¡ bly kde kyû fl¡i¡. Adpfp A¡L$-,

A¡L$ v$¥Ðe\u qÓgp¡L$u A_¡ QfpQf S>Ns ce `pd¡ R>¡. kh® v$¡hsp rQÑ D`f Ap`Zp¡ ce R>hpe¡gp¡ R>¡. Ap¡_p

hukyL$f_p Ap hQ_p¡ kp„cmu_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p L$°p¡^dp„ h^pfp¡ \ep¡.

_ s¡dS> Ðepfbpv$ dlpbmhp rhQpf_¡ ÅZ_pf dlpQsyf huk„N p¡sp_p„ rhQpfp¡_¡ S>Zphsp¡ bp¡ëep¡ : l¡

iÓyv$d_ ! S>¡ L$fhp_y„ R>¡ s¡ kÂpmy„ sd¡ ÅZp¡ R>p¡. sd_¡ L$p„B L$l¡hp S>¡hy„ _\u. sd¡ _ursdpN®dp„ Qpgp¡ R>p¡. S>¡ L$p„B

L$fhy„ s¡ rhQpfu_¡ L$fhy„, rhQpf fdNrs R>¡. rh_p rhQpe£ S>¡ L$p„B L$d® L$fuA¡ s¡ Ap`Z_¡ d|m krls DMpX$u _pM¡

R>¡. (A\p®s ArhQpfu`Z¡ L$f¡gy„ L$p¡B`Z L$d® kd|g rh_pi_y„ L$pfZ b_¡ R>¡) Ap\u, iÓyk_pdp„ s`pk L$fhp ¹ ¡

NyáQf dp¡L$gp¡. S>e_u BÃR>phpmp Ap`Z¡ iÓyAp¡_p bmpbm_¡ l¡gp„ ÅZhy„ Å¡BA¡.

, y uS>¡ fpÅ NyáQfp¡ Üpfp bpsdu d¡mh¡ ×Y$ d_p¡bmhpmp lp¡e, bqÂîpmu lp¡e, kÐe_¡ `pfMu iL$hp_

×ô$uhpmp lp¡e, NyáQf ApNm v$¡Mph A¡hp¡ L$f¡ L$¡ p¡sp_p d_dp„ L$p¡B i„L$p _\u, A_¡ p¡sp_p d__u hps L$p¡B_¡ L$l¡

_l] - Ap R> D`pep¡_p¡ Dèp¡N L$f¡ s¡ fpÅ kv$pe rhS>e_¡ âpá L$f¡¡ R>¡. f„sy rh_p rhQpf¡ S>¡ L$p¡B L$p„B L$f¡ s¡_p¡ _pi

\B Åe R>¡. Ap\u rh_p qhQpe£ L$p¡B`Z L$pe®_p¡ Apf„c _ L$fhp¡ Å¡BA¡. rhQpfu_¡ S>¡ L$d® L$fpe s¡ h^pf¡ eiõhu \pe

R>¡.

Å¡CA¡, ìy L$¡ ÷u L$p¡B`Z lp¡e sp¡ Z fpÅA¡ s¡ h¡fu_u AhNZ_p _ L$fhu iqL$s kh®Ó a¡gpe¡gu S> lp¡e

R>¡ (dpV$¡ s¡ Nd¡ Ðepf¡, Nd¡ s¡ ê$`dp„ âNV$ \B iL$¡ R>¡) \p„cgpdp„\u âNV$ \e¡gp (_ftklê$ù) yê$j_y„ AX$^y„ ifuf .

_f_y„ A_¡ AX$^y„ ifuf tkl_y„ lsy„. s¡hp rhrQÓ yê$j¡ rlfÎeL$q `y_¡ dpfu _p¿ep¡ lsp¡. |h®L$pmdp„ qX$L$p _pd_u i Q„

A¡L$ ÷uA¡ iyçc, r_iyçc, dlujpkyf_¡ eyÝ^dp„ dpep® A_¡ AÞe A_¡L$ v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ _pi L$ep£ R>¡.dpV$¡ ly„ L$ly„ R„y> L$¡ ÷u

dpÓ_u AhNZ_p _ L$fhu. rhS>eîu d¡mhhpdp„ iqL$s S> L$pfZê` R>¡. S>¡¡_¡ iqL$s_p¡ Ap^pf lp¡e R>¡ s¡_¡ ÷u-

`yê$j A¡hp„ c¡v$ _X$sp„ _\u. k„kpfdp„ âh©r _u k„v$Nu âL$pf k„v$ L$fhpdp„ S>¡ õhcph v$¡MpB Aph¡ R>¡ s¡_p f\uÑ ,

S> s¡ ìeqL$sdp„ fl¡gu iqL$s_u âsurs \pe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Mp¡V$u Apiphpm (A\p®s AiL$e Ýe¡e_¡ âpá L$fhp_u BÃR>pp ¹

hpmp) _u âh©rs_u pR>m L$B iqL$s p¡ s¡_¡ Ap^pf R>¡ s¡ l¡gp„ ÅZhy„ Å¡BA¡. _

Ap rhrQÓ ÷u L$p¡Z R>¡ _¡ ¼ep„\u DÐ`ß \B R>¡, s¡_p¡ ApQpf iy„ R>¡, s¡_p¡ Apîe L$p¡Z R>¡ ? s¡_y„ bm iy„ R>¡,

s¡_¡ klpe L$p¡Z L$f¡ R>¡ ? l¡ v$¥ÐeÞÖ s¡_p¡ sd¡ rhQpf L$fp¡.

„_urs-dd®_¡ S>pZhphpmp huk„N v$¥Ðe¡ c„X$pkyf_¡ Ap `°dpZ¡ kph^p_u`|h®L$ hs®hp_y„ L$üy `f„sy c„X$pkyf

v$¥Ðe¡ s¡_u ipZu kgpl_u AhNZ_p L$fu A_¡ Arcdp_ |h®L$ p¡sp_u c°yLy$qV$ KQu L$fu s¡ bp¡ëep¡ : s¡ dpÓ A¡L$ ÷u

R>¡. s¡_p\u iy„ \B iL$¡ R>¡ _urs_p¡ rhQpf sp¡ kdp_ bqmepdp„ L$fhp_p¡ lp¡e. A¡L$ ÷u_u kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fhy„ s¡dp„ iy„ rhQpf

L$fhp_p¡ lp¡e ? kdyÖ_¡ u iL$¡ A¡hp âbm Adpfp k¥r_L$p¡ R>¡ s¡Ap¡ õhN®_¡ Z bpmhpdp„ kd\® R>¡. Af¡ Mfpb

rhQpfp¡ L$fhphpmp ! Ap ÷u_u kp\¡ gX$hpdp„ h©\p(_L$pdp¡) iy„ L$f¡ R>¡ ? k„ie

32

Adpfu dlpk¡_pdp„ kp¡ ernZu k¡_pAp¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p dlpbmhp_ kp¡ k¡_p`rs R>¡. iÓy_u k¡_p_p„ kh®

kdpQpf Ad¡ v|$sp¡ Üpfp ÅZu gu^p„ R>¡. s¡Ap¡dp„ S>¡ dy¿e ÷u R>¡ s¡_y„ _pd grgsp R>¡. s¡_y„ _pd e\p\® R>¡. yó` S>¡hu

ky„v$f A_¡ L$p¡dm R>¡. s¡_pdp„ bm, hue® L„$B _\u. s¡_u k„N°pddp„ L„$B Nrs _\u.(A\p®s k„N°pddp„ gX$u iL$¡ s¡d

S>Zpsy„ _\u) s¡ rhQpf hNf_u R>¡ Z dpephu R>¡. A¡_u kÑp\u ÷uAp¡_p¡ kd|l DÐ`ß \ep¡ A¡hy„ L$l¡hpe R>¡ Z

Mf¡Mf s¡d R>¡ L$¡ L$¡d ? s¡ L„$B kdÅsy„ _\u. s¡ Abmp lp¡e A\hp s S>d L$üy s¡d s¡_pdp„ cg¡ dlp_ bm lp¡e ¢ ¡ „

`f„sy qÓgp¡L$u_¡ S>¡Z¡ hidp„ L$f¡gu R>¡ s¡hp c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ L$p¡Z Æsu iL$¡ ?

Ap kdedp„ Z dpfu c|ÅAp¡_p bm\u v$¡hspAp¡ d|rR®>s \B Nep R>¡. ðpk g¡hpdp„ Z v$¡hspAp¡ kd\®

_\u. L$p¡B v¡hspAp¡ pspmdp„ Qpëep Nep R>¡ sp¡ L$p¡B v$¡hsp kdyÖdp„ Qpëep Nep R>¡. L$p¡B v$¡hsp v$i¡ qv$ip_p M|Zpdp„

Qpëep Nep„ R>¡. L$p¡B v$¡hspAp¡ `lpX$p¡_u NyapAp¡dp„ Ry>`pB Nep R>¡. AÐe„s X$f_p dpep® ÷u, `yÓ,^_ hN¡f¡ d|L$u_¡

k„spB Nep R>¡. s¡ b^p„e_¡ d¢ `p¡sp_p bm\u, s¡d_p„ Ar^L$pfp¡\u c°ô$ L$fu _p¿ep„ R>¡ (A\p®s s¡d_p Ar^L$pfp¡_¡ ¹

R>u_hu gu^p„ R>¡ ) _¡ s¡Ap¡ cecus \B_¡ h¡i-`qfhs®_ L$fu_¡ fl¡ R>¡.

Aphy„ dpfu cyÅAp¡_y„ fp¾$d iyy„ sy„ _\u ÅZsp¡ ? Ap Abmp ÷u ldZp„ DÐ`ß \B R>¡ s¡\u s¡ Arcdp_

L$f¡ R>¡. ÷uAp¡ d|Y$ lp¡e R>¡.s¡ _L$pdu kplk_u °h©rs L$f¡ R>¡. p¡sp_p _pi dpV$¡ v$p¡X$u flu R>¡, s¡_¡ L$pe®-AL$pe®_y„ L$p¡B

cp_ _\u.

pA\h Ap ÷u_¡ ApNm L$fu_¡ cg¡_¡ v$¡hspAp¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp Aphu füp lp¡e sp¡ `Z b°ûp, rhóÏ, fyÖ,

BÞÖ, kh£ v$¡hspAp¡, n, dlpLy$d®, rkÝ^p¡, kpÝe hN¡f¡ kh£_p¡ _pi L$fhp dpV$¡ ly„ kd\® Ry„>. dpfu bmhp_ k¡_p R>¡ s¡ e

fZc|rddp„ iÓyAp¡_¡ Qufu _pMhpdp„ kd\® R>¡. (`R>u p¡sp_u k¡_pAp¡_p k¡_p`rsAp¡_p„ _pd bp¡g¡ R>¡ )

is Ly$V$ugpn, Ly$f„X$, L$f„L$, L$pghpr , hÇ>v„$s, hÇ>dyM, hÇ>gp¡dp, bgplL$, kyQudyM, agdyM, rhL$V$,

rhL$V$p__, L$fpg , L$L®$V$L$, dv$ , v$u ®Æ $, ly„b $, lgdy L$L®$i, L$qëL$hpl_,`y L$ , y„ÖL$¡sy, pn _ O ìlL$ L$ y y ëgyL$, ë k QÎX$bply,

Ly$½y$f ©„ Zi©„N, qÓL$„V$L$, QsyNy®á, Qsybp®ly, QL$pfpn, Qsy:rifp:, hÇ>Op¡j, DÝh®L$¡i, , S„>byL$pn, S>cZ, suÿ

dlpdep, dlpl_y, dMiÓy, dMpõL„$v$u, tklOp¡j, rifpgL$, A„^L$, tk^y_¡Ó, Ly„$`L$, Ly$`gp¡Q_, Nylpn,

N„X$Nëg, Q„X$^d®, edpÞsL$, gXy$_, `Ë$k¡_, |fÆs, `|h®dpfL$, õhN®iÓy, õhN®bm, vy$Np®¿e, õhN® L„$V$L$,

Arsdpe, b©lÞdpe, D`dpe, DgyL$Æs¹, yê$j¡Z, rhj¡Z, Ly„$rsj¡Z, y{$jL$, d„Ng, ÖOZ, L$p¡ëgpV$, Ly$Ægpòp,

v$pk¡f, bc°yhpl_, v©$ô$lpk, v©$ô$L$¡sy, fun¡á, A`L„$QyL$, dlpdlp¡, dlpv„$óV²$, vy$N®rs, õhN®d¡S>e, jX$¹L$¡sy, jX$¹hky,

jX$¹v„$s, jX$¹râe, vy$:iW$, vy$rh®_us, R>ußL$Z®, dyjL$, AË$lpku, dlpiu, dlpiuj®, dv$p¡ÐL$V$¹, Ly„$cp¡ÐL$Q, Ly„$c_pk,

Ly„$cN°uh, OV$p¡v$f:, Aðd¡$Y², dlpv$ÎX$, Ly$çcpÎX$, ysu_prkL$, ysuv„$s, ysuQny, yÐepõe, ysud¡l_ BÐepqv$ S>¡

i|fhufp¡ R>¡ s¡ rlfÎeL$ri`y s¡dS> rlfÎepL$n_p S>¡hp„ S> R>¡.

dpfp yÓp¡ dlpbmhp_ R>¡ dpfp A¡L$ A¡L$ yÓ_¡ kp¡-kp¡ yÓp¡ R>¡. dpfu k¡_p dlÑd R>¡. dpfu k¡_pAp¡ dpfp

`yÓp¡_u Apop dp_¡ R>¡. A^d v$¡hspAp¡ Å¡ ApNm hî¡ sp¡ s¡Ap¡_p¡ eyÝ^dp„ _pi \i¡. lÅf ernZu k¡_p Å¡

eyÝ^dp„ L$p¡`pedp_ \i¡ sp¡ iÓy_u k¡_pAp¡_¡ cõd L$fu _p„Mi¡. dpV$¡ h©\p tQsp\u spfy„ d_ rMß _ L$f. Apd L$lu

c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe tklpk_ D`f\u Dcp¡ \ep¡, A_¡ dlpbmh _ k¡_p`rs Ly$V$ugpn_¡ bp¡ëep¡ : A¡gp, Ecp¡ \B Å, p

33

bû k¡_pAp¡_¡ s¥epf L$f. i|ÞeL$_Nfdp„ Qpf¡ v$fhpS>¡ k¡_pAp¡ Ecu fpMu v$¡. qL$‰p_¡ Qpf¡L$p¡ \u uL$ L$f A_¡ afsu f W$

sp¡`p¡ Np¡W$h. d„ÓuAp¡, yfp¡rlsp¡ kp\¡ iÓyAp¡_¡ cNpX$hp_p D`pep¡ L$f. i÷p¡_¡ s¥epf L$fu ëep¡. Ap`Z_¡ eyÝ^ âpá

\B Ney„ R>¡.

k¡_p`rsAp¡dp„\u L$p¡B A¡L$ k¡_p`rs_¡ ApNm dp¡L$gu v$¡. A_¡L$ k¡_pAp¡_p kd|l krls Âpp¡f v$i®_hpmp

(rblpdZp, cep_L$ v$¡Mphhpmp)_¡ dp¡L$g (S>¡\u s¡_¡ Å¡B_¡ ÷uAp¡ X$fu_¡ S> cpNu Spe) S>¡ k¡_p`rs_¡ ApNm

dp¡L$ëep¡ lp¡e s¡_u kp\¡ dmu_¡ s¡ ÷u kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fu s¡_¡ Æsu g¡. v$¡hspAp¡_p bm\u S>¡ r_X$f b_u_¡ Aphu R>¡ s¡

÷u_p L$¡i L$X$u_¡ sy„ gB Aph.

v$¥ÐefpS> c„X$pkyf_u Aphu Apop kp„cmu_¡ ÓZ lÅf ernZu k¡_p_p¡ Ar^`rs L$yV$ugpn L$¡ S>¡

dlpbmhp_ R>¡ s¡ õhe„_p A„s:`yfdp„ (`p¡sp_p Âpf¡) Nep¡. îuv$¡hu_p Aphhp_p S>¡ hpÅ„ hpNu füp„ R>¡ s¡ kp„cmu_¡

s¡_¡ np¡c A_¡ tQsp \ep„.

Ap âL$fZ f\u kdÅe R>¡ L$¡ Arcdp_u_¡ L$p¡B_u kpQu kgpl Ndsu _\u, A_¡ kpd¡_p n_u rhi¡j

i[¼sAp¡_p¡ s¡¡_¡ A„v$pS> Aphsp¡ _\u. Ap\u S> Arcdp__¡ s__y„ L$pfZ L$üy„ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 12

vy$d®v$ Ly$f„X$ h^

v$¡hu v$¡hspAp¡_u k¡_p_p„ eyÝ^-hpÅ_p¡ AhpS> kp„cmu v$¥Ðep¡ Z p¡sp_p eyÝ^_p„ hpÅ„ hNpX$hp dp„X$¹ep„.

v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡ eyÝ^_p AhpÅ¡\u R>hpB NB. s¡_p\u ÅZ¡ dlpkdyÖ_¡ np¡c \ep¡. b^p„ gp¡L$p¡ bl¡fp \B Nep A_¡

ÓZ¡e gp¡L$ L$p„`hp gpÁep. v$i¡ qv$ip NpS>hp gpNu s¡dS> `lpX$p¡ A_¡ NyapAp¡ Ny„>S>hp gpNu. v$¥Ðep¡_p„ hpÅ„\u

ApL$pi ApMy„ R>hpB Ney„. S>¡hu fus¡ dlp_©tkl cNhp_ L$p¡`pedp_ \ep lp¡e s¡hp¡ dlpÝhr , ly„L$pf A_¡ _

v$¡hspAp¡_p T‰fu dpe_p„ hpÅ„ hpNhp gpÁep„.

L$fp¡X$p¡ v$¥Ðep¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_u s¡dS> huk„N v$¥Ðe_u S>e bp¡gphhp gpÁep. s¡ v$¥Ðep¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p

k¥Þe_u kpd¡ i÷, A÷ gB Qpghp gpÁep. S>¡_p L$hQdp„ fÐ_p¡ S>X$¡gp„ R>¡ s¡hp„ L$hQp¡\u ifuf Y$p„¼ep„ R>¡, ÅZ¡

S„>Nd Aê$ZpQg `h®s âL$piu füp¡ lp¡e s¡d s¡d_p„ L$hQ âL$piu füp„ R>¡. L$pgfpqÓ S>¡hu cep_L$ _¡ QdL$su

sghpfp¡ Âpydphu füp„ R>¡. L$p¡B L$p¡B v$¥Ðe Âpp¡X$p D`f khpf \B lp\dp„ cpgp¡ fpMu r_ip_ubpÆ L$fu füp R>¡. L$p¡B

L$p¡B ep¡Ý^pAp¡ dshpgp KQp lp\uAp¡ D`f b¡W$p R>¡. hphpTp¡X$p\u S>¡d h®s Qgpedp_ \B Åe s¡d s¡ lp\uAp¡_¡

Qgphu füp„ R>¡. L$p¡B_p lp\dp„ Ë$ui R>¡, L$p¡B_p lp\dp„ dyf, L$p¡B_p lp\dp„ N p R>¡, L$p¡B_p lp\dp„ isAq‚ R>¡, v$

L$p¡B_p lp\dp„ qÓriM, qÜriM, A ®QL$°, dlpQ¾$, h¾$p„N, DfNp__, ¼Zuiuj®, _yj, kpf„N^_yj, L„$X$p, Np¡am,

hÇ>kfMp„ bpZ, Õ\f, S>hde, dy[ô$de, bgZ, MÞX$g, L$V$pf, L$p¡Z`v$p, aZuv„„$s, Aphp„ k¢L$X$p¡ lr\epfp¡ R>¡.

`pi Apey^, pisy„X$, L$pL$sy„X$ Ap âL$pf_p„ lÅfp¡ Apey^p¡ Æh_¡ lfhphpmp„ R>¡. lp\dp„ lr\epf L$X$¡gp A_¡ L$hQp¡

`l¡f¡gp„ L$fp¡X$p¡ v$¥Ðep¡ R>¡.

34

OÂpp¡X$¡khpf, lp\ukhpf A_¡ L$p¡B L$p¡B sp¡ N ¡X$p f khpf \ep R>¡. L$p¡B KV$ f, L$p¡B hp f, L$p¡B L|$sfp

`f sp¡ L$p¡B Nu^ D`f b¡W$p¡ R>¡. L$p¡B L„$L$ _pd_p nu f, L$p¡B spf D`f, L$p¡B tkl f, L$p¡B kfc f sp¡ L$p¡B c¢k

D`f b¡W$p R>¡. L$p¡B kyhf D`f, L$p¡B kp` D`f, sp¡ L$p¡B â¡s D`f b¡W$p R>¡. A¡d Sy>v$pSy>vp âL$pf_p hpl_p¡ D`f

b¡ku_¡ dp grgsp A„bp_u k¡_p_u kp\¡ Qpgu füp„ R>¡.

âbm L$p¡`\u v$¥Ðep¡_p„ A„s:L$fZ cfpB Nep„ R>¡. lh¡ Ap S>¡ k¡_p Qpgu flu R>¡ s¡_p¡ k¡_p`rs vy$d®v$ _pd_p¡

v$p_h R>¡ v$i Anp¥rlZu k¡_p krls s¡ dp grgsp A„bp kpd¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp S>B füp¡ R>¡. s¡ vy$d®v$ DÐL$V$ bmhpmp

ep¡Ý^pAp¡ kp\¡ dp grgsp A„bp_u kpd¡ g Nep¡ ÅZ¡ ApMp rhð_¡ bpmhp S>B füp¡ lp¡e ! Qp¥v$ gp¡L$_¡ eyÝ^_p„ X$hp

_Npfp„_p AhpS>\u cecus L$fu füp¡ R>¡. AË$lpõe L$fsp„ L$fsp„ vy$d®v$ dp grgsp A„bp_u kpd¡ Nep¡.

ic„X$pkyf_u Apop\u Ly$qV$gpn _pd_p dlpbrg k¡_p AÝen¡ |$ÞeL$ _Nf_p fnZ dpV$¡ v$i Anp¥rlZu

k¡_p_¡ |h®Üpf D`f\u d|L$u A_¡ spgN„S> _pd_p v$¥Ðe_¡ s¡ k¡_pAp¡_p k¡_p`rs sfuL$¡ _uçep¡. iÞeL $_Nf_p v$qnZ |

v$fhpS>¡ v$i Anp¥rlZu k¡_p _Nf_p fnZ dpV$¡ d|L$u A_¡ spgcyS> _pd_p v$¥Ðe_u s¡ k¡_p_p k¡_p`rs sfuL$¡

r_dÏ„L$ L$fu.

i|ÞeL$_Nf_p [ïQd Üpf¡ v$i Anp¥rlZu k¡_p krls spgN°uh _pd_p v$¥Ðe_¡ d|L$ep¡. i|ÞeL$ _Nf_p DÑf

Üpf¡ vi Anp¥rlZu k¡_p krls spgL$¡sy _pd_p dlpbmhp_ v$¥Ðe_¡ d|L$ep¡. i|ÞeL$ _Nf_p qL$‰p afsu v$i

Anp¥rlZu k¡_p Np¡W$hu. Ap fus¡ Qpk Anp¥rlZu k¡_p\u i|ÞeL$_Nf_y„ fnZ L$ey¯, s¡d L$yV$ugpn _pd_p s¡ dy¿e

k¡_p`rsA¡ v$¥ÐefpS> c„X$pkyf_¡ S>Zpìey„.

Ly$V$ugpn bp¡ëep¡ : l¡ v$¥ÐefpS>, sdpfu Apop\u _Nf_y„ fnZ L$fhp_u ìehõ\p L$fu. A_¡ ¡gp vy$d®v$_¡ v$i

Anp¥rlZu k¡_p kp\¡ iÓy_u k¡_p kpd¡ gX$hp dp¡L$ëep¡. Apd sp¡ Adpfp kpdpÞe k¥r_L$p¡\u S> s¡ ÷uAp¡_u k¡_p

`fpõs \B S>i¡ sp¡ Z fpÅAp¡_u _urs R>¡ L$¡ |fsy„ fnZ fhy„ Å¡BA¡. Ap âdpZ¡ v$¥ÐefpS> c„X$pkyf_¡ S>Zphu_¡ L$

Ly$V$ugpn v$¥Ðe Al„L$pf`|h®L$ k¡_p`rsAp¡ krls p¡sp_u k¡_pAp¡_¡ s¥epf L$fhp gpÁep¡.

¡ uLyV$ugpn¡ l¡gp dp¡L$g¡gp vy$d®v$ _pd_p v$¥Ðe p¡sp_ k¡_p Üpfp dp grgsp Açbp_u k¡_p_¡ Qpf¡ sfa\u Âp¡fu

guû. lÅfp¡ k¥r_L$p¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_ S>e lp¡ _p _pv$ kp\¡ QdL$su sghpfp¡ kp\¡ dp grgsp A„bp_u iqL$sk¡_pAp¡ p¡

D`f s|V$u X$ep.

s¡_u kpd¡ iqL$sk¡_p L$¡ S>¡ Ars bmhp_ A_¡ QdL$sp Apey^p¡_¡ pfZ L$f_pfu R>¡ s¡ AË$lpõe L$fu v$p_hp¡

kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp gpNu. iqL$sAp¡ A_¡ v$p_hp¡_p ce„L$f k„N°pd\u qÓgp¡L$ L„$`pedp_ \B Ney„ A_¡ ApL$pi ^ym\u

R>hpB N y„.e

v$p_hp¡_u v$i Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_¡ Å¡B_¡ k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu ¾$p¡ \u s¡_u kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp gpNu. k„ ÐL$fu v$¡hu_u

kp\¡ s¡_p S>¡hu S> bmhp_ iqL$sk¡_p lsu. Âpp¡X$pAp¡, dshpgp lp\uAp¡ D`f khpf \e¡gu iqL$sAp¡ v$p_hk¡_p_p¡

_pi L$fhp gpNu. Ap fus¡ b„_¡ sfa\u k¡_pAp¡ `p¡s`p¡sp_p S>eÂpp¡j L$fhp gpNu A_¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp gpNu. ApL$pi

^|m\u hpB Ney„ R>¡ A_¡ eyÝ^_p„ _Npfp„ hpNu füp„ R>¡. Ap °dpZ¡ S>Ns_¡ ce `dpX$¡ s¡hy„ eyÝ^ \hp gpÁey„. R>

irL$sAp¡ Ars L$p¡`pedp_ \B_¡ v$¥Ðep¡_ lZhp gpNu.¡

35

„Qpf¡L$p¡f k„`ÐL$pfu v$¡hu_u iqL$sk¡_p\u Óprls \B_¡ v$p_hp¡ d|rR®>s \B Ðep\u dpf MpB_¡ cpNhp dp„X$ep.

cpN¡gp„ v$p_hp¡_¡ Apðpk_ v$B KV$ D`f khpf \B_¡ sfs S> vy$d®v$ v$¥Ðe iqL$sAp¡_u kpd¡ v$p¡X$ep¡.

vy$d®v$_p KV$_u Nfv$_ M|b S> gp„bu R>¡. s¡_p D`f pMX$p¡ _pM¡gp¡ R>¡, s¡_u uW$ D`f vy$d®v$ b¡W$p¡ R>¡, s¡Z¡

KV$_¡ QpbyL$ dpep® A_¡ KV$ iqL$sk¡_p sfa v$p¡X$ep¡.

vyd®v$_u `pR>m iqL$sk¡_p\u ce `pd¡gp v$p_hp¡ `pR>p Apìep. cpgpAp¡_u hjp® L$fsp v$p_hp¡ k„ ÐL$fu

v$¡hu_u iqL$sk¡_p D`f s|V$u X$e . s¡ M|b S> bmhp_ v$¥Ðek¡_p\u nZcf k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu_u iqL$sk¡_p õs„rcs \B p„

NB.

¾$p¡^\u gpg _¡Ó L$fu k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu p¡sp_p fZ L$p¡gplg _pd_p lp\u D`f khpfu L$fu s¡ v$p_hp¡ kp\¡ eyÝ^

L$fhp gpNu. S>¡Z¡$ lp\dp„ kp¡_p_p„ L„$L$Z l¡ep® R>¡ s¡hu s¡ k„`ÐL$fu v$¡huA¡ _yóe_p¡ V„$L$pf L$ep£. õa|rs®\u s¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f

bpZp¡_u hjp® L$fu flu R>¡. L$epf¡ bpZ >¡ R>¡, L$epf¡ _yj f bpZ_y„ k„^p_ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ L$epf¡ bpZ dpf¡ R>¡ s¡ L$iy„ S> g

v$¡Mpsy„ _\u f„sy _yóe_y„ Q¾$ S> v$¡Mpe R>¡. S>¡d k|e®_p„ qL$fZp¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f r_L$mu füp„ R>¡ s¡d bpZp¡ r_L$mu füp„ R>¡.

S>¡ bpZp¡ R>yV$¡ R>¡ s¡ iÓyAp¡_¡ bpmu _pM¡ R>¡.

vy$d®v$ v$¥Ðe A_¡ k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu hÃQ¡ ce„L$f eyÝ^ \ey„. kpdkpdp„ bpZp¡_p V$L$fphp\u rQ_NpfuAp¡ _uL$mu

flu R>¡. b„_¡ bpSy>\u bpZp¡_u A¡hu hjp® \B S>¡_p\u k|e®_p„ qL$fZp¡ Z Y„$L$pB Nep„. bpZ_p kpdkpd¡ V$L$fphp\u

S>¡ rQ_NpfuAp¡ \B s¡ k|e®_p„ qL$fZp¡_u S>¡d a¡gpB NB. dp cNhsu k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu S>¡ fZ-L$p¡gplg _pd_p lp\u

D`f b¡W$u lsu s¡ lp\uA¡ Z eyÝ^dp„ M|b fp¾$d v$¡MpX$ey„. L$p¡B_¡ k|„Y$\u, L$p¡B_¡ v$p„s\u sp¡ L$p¡B_¡ |„R>X$p\u dpfhp

gpÁep¡, L$p¡B_¡ N sm¡ v$bpìep sp¡ L$p¡B_¡ p¡sp_p ifuf\u L$¡gu v$u^p„ L$p¡B_¡ N_p _Mp¡\u dpep® sp¡ L$p¡B_¡ ¡V$\u

dpep®. Ap fus¡ dyim S>¡hp v$p„sê$ù lr\epf hpmp k„`ÐL$fu v$¡h _p lp\uA¡ M|b S> by[Ý^`|h®L$ fp¾$d L$ey®.u

uvy$d®v$ v$¥Ðe¡ gpg Ap„M L$fu bpZ dpey¯. S>¡_p\u k„`ÐL$fu v$¡h _p dyNV$dp„\u A¡L$ drZ _uQ¡ X$ep¡. k„`ÐL$fu

v$¡huA¡ ¾$p¡^\u gpg Ap„M L$fu bpZp¡_u hjp® L$fu A_¡ nZdpÓdp„ vy$d®v$ v$¥Ðe_p¡ A„s L$fu _p„¿ep¡. iqL$sk¡_pA¡

S>eÂpp¡j L$ep£ A_¡ bpL$u_p v$p_hp¡_¡ dpfu _p¿ep. S>¡ L$p¡B v$p_hp¡ bpZp¡\u bÃep s¡ eyÝ^c|rddp„„\u cpÁep A_¡

i| eL $_Nfdp„ Apifp¡ gu^p¡.Þ

Ap kp„cmu c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe ¾$p¡ pedp_ \ep¡. âQ„X$ ¾$p¡^_p Aph¡idp„ bmu füp¡ R>¡. s¡Z¡ `p¡sp_u sghpf_¡

ù ¡v$e¡ gNpX$u A_¡ kh® k_pAp¡_p Ar^`rs Ly$V$ugpn `pk¡ S>B c„X$pkyf bp¡ëep¡: v$yd®v$ sp¡ dlpbmhp_ lsp¡, A¡L$

÷uA¡ s¡_¡ dpep£ s¡ AQfS> R>¡. Ap rh^psp_y„ L$¡hy„ r_dpZ R>¡ ! S>_y„ bm Av$¹$cys lsy„, S>¡_p L$p¡B _pi L$fu iL$¡ s¡d _ ® ¡ ¡

lsy„, s¡hp vy$d®v$ v$¥Ðe_¡ ÷uA¡ dpep£. s¡ vy$ô$ ÷u_¡ Æshp s¡_¡ hpm\u L$X$u gB Aphhp dpV$¡ k¡_p`rs Ly$f„X$_¡ eyÝ^dp„

dp¡L$gp¡ L$¡ S>¡ eyÝ^dp„ Ly$im R>¡.

c„X$pkyf¡ Ly$V$ugpn_¡ Aphy„ L$l¡sp s¡ Ly$V$ugpn¡ ce„L$f cyÅAp¡hpmp Ly$f„X$ _pd_p k¡_p`rs_¡ c„X$pkyf `pk¡

bp¡gpìep¡. Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe¡ Aphu_¡ fpÅ_¡ `°Zpd L$ep®. Ly$V$ugpn bp¡ëep¡ : Å sy„ spfu k¡_p s¥epf L$f. sy dpephu R>p¡ A_¡

L$` eyÝ^dp„ Z r_`yZ R>p¡ s¡\u s¡ ÷u_y„ sy„ dv®$_ L$fu _pM. Aphu fus¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_u kpd¡ Ly$V$ugpn¡ Ly$f„X$ _pd_p s¡ V$

v$¥Ðe k¡_p`rs_¡ Apop L$fu. Ap\u ce„L$f fp¾$dhpmp¡ s¡ Ly$f„X$ S>ëv$u\u _Nfdp„\u blpf _uL$ýep¡.

36

Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe huk Anp¥rlZu k¡_pAp¡\u Âp¡fpe¡gp¡ Qpëep¡. lp\u, Âpp¡X$p, pev$m k¥r_L$p¡_u kp\¡ ©Õhu_¡ dv®$_

L$fsp¡ Qpëep¡. Ap Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe, vy$d®v$ v$¥Ðe_p¡ dp¡V$p¡ cpB R>¡ s¡ Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡dp„ |m DX$pX$sp¡ ip¡L$ A_¡ fp¡j\u .

eyL$s \B s¡S> Âpp¡X$p D`f b¡ku_¡ eyÝ^dp„ Nep¡. kpf„N ^_yóe s¡_p lp\dp„ R>¡ Âpp¡f V„$L$pf L$fsp¡ s¡ eyÝ^dp„ Nep¡. s¡

k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu_u dlpiqL$sk¡_p D`f bpZp¡_u hjp® L$fhp gpÁep¡.

lp\u D`f b¡W$¡gu k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu A_¡ s¡_u kp\¡_u iqL$sk¡_p_p¡ _pi L$fhp Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe¡ Âpp¡jZp L$fu. bmhp_

Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe_u k¡_p_p¡ _pi L$fhp dpV$¡ k„`ÐL$fu v$¡huA¡ p¡sp_u k¡_p_¡ DÐkprls L$fu.

A¡V$guhpfdp„ Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu Ðep„ Apìep. s¡d_p d_dp„ L$p¥syL$ \ey„ A_¡ õ_¡l\u bp¡ëep : k„ ÐL$fu kMu,

âurs\u dpfu hpZu kp„cm. Ap_y„ eyÝ^ dpfu kp\¡ \hp v$¡, S>¡\u dpfp¡ NyZ k„kpfdp„ âNV$ \pe. sy„ nZcf eyÝ^dp„

Ecu fl¡,Ap_¡ ly„ S> dpfui. sy„ dpfu kMu R>p¡ A¡V$g¡ d¢ dpNZu L$fu R>¡ s¡\u buÅ¡ L$p¡B k„ie _ L$fui.

k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu s¡_p„ hQ_ kp„cmu d„v$ d„v$ lku A_¡ s¡Z¡ `p¡sp_u k¡_p_¡ `pR>u hpmu guû. âps:L$pm_p

k|e®_p âL$pi S>¡hp f„Nhpmu Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu iqL$sk¡_p_u Ar^›$pÓu R>¡. s¡d_p Aðp¡ kdyÖ_p sf„N S>¡hp A_¡ hpey_p

h¡Nhpmp R>¡. `p¡sp_u MfuAp¡\u `©Õhu_¡ Mp¡v$u füp„ R>¡. Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe_u k¡_p kpd¡ A¡L$ dp¡V$p¡ âhpl S>¡hu Aðk¡_p

NB.

Âpp¡X$pAp¡_¡ gNpd\u ApNm h^pfhp R>¡, Ecp fpMhp R>¡ L$¡ Nrsdp„ fpMhp R>¡, L$¡hu fus¡ R>p`p¡ dpfhp¡ R>¡?

`¢NX$pdp„ N d|L$u_¡ s¡_p Bipfp\u Âpp¡X$p_¡ L$¡d Qgphhp¡ R>¡, lp\\u gNpd M¢Qu_¡ L$¡d pR>p¡ hpmhp¡ R>¡ hN¡f¡ Qpf

âL$pf_u k„op\u Âpp¡X$p_¡ âp¡Ðkprls L$fu, lp\-`N, Nv$p A_¡ k„op\u eyÝ^dp„ Âpp¡X$¡khpf_u BÃR>p ÅZu iL$pe R>¡.

Aðpê$Y$p A„rbL$p_u S>¡ iqL$sk¡_p R>¡ s¡_u kp\¡ v$p_hp¡ eyÝ^ L$fu füp R>¡. Aphu fus¡ iqL$sAp¡ A_¡

v$¡hspAp¡_p h¡fuAp¡_y„ eyÝ^ Qpgy \B Ney„. A`fprS>s _pd_p h¡Nhpmp Âpp¡X$p D`f b¡ku_¡ v|$fpQpfu Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe_u kpd¡

Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu Qpgu. Âpp¡X$p_p DR>mhp_u kp\¡ s¡ v$¡hu_u gp„bu h¡Zu Qgpedp_ \B flu R>¡. k„Ýep S>¡hy„ gpgudphpmy„

A_¡ ifv$¹F$sy_p QÞÖ S>¡hy„ k„yv$f s¡d_y„ dyyM R>¡. d„v$ d„v$ lku füp R>¡. A_¡ drZ_y„ ^_yóe S>¡_p lp\dp„ R>¡ s¡hp

Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu hjp®_u S>¡d bpZp¡_u hjp® L$fu füp R>¡. kp¡_p_p „M gpÁep R>¡ s¡hp„ bpZ v$i¡ qv$ipdp„ ìepá \B füp„

R>¡. vy$d®v$_p dp¡V$pcpB Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe¡ ¾$p¡r^s \B kpf„N _yj\u _uL$m¡gp„ bpZp¡\u Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu_¡ Y$p„L$u v$u^p„.

OAðpê$Y$p_p p¡X$pAp¡A¡ `p¡sp_p `N_u MfuAp¡\u v$p_hp¡_p¡ _pi L$fu _p¿ep¡. Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu_u k¡_p_p

Aðp¡ Äepf¡ lZlZ¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ kdyÖ y hsp¡ lp¡e s¡d gpN¡ R>¡. p¡X$pAp¡_p âQ„X$ lZlZpV$\u S> iÓyAp¡ d|rR®>s \B OO O

Nep. Aðpê$Y$p_p¡ p¡X$p¡ fZc|rddp„ Qpf¡L$p¡ v$p¡X$u füp¡ R>¡. s¡_p lp\dp„ S>¡ âL$pris qv$ìe pi A÷ S>¡ Aq‚ S>¡hy„ O f

âL$pris \B füy„ R>¡ s¡ Aðpê$Y$p v$¡huA¡ R>p¡X$ey„. Ap pi A÷dp„\u L$fp¡X$p¡ ce„L$f k ® âNV$ \ep_¡ v$p_hp¡_u k¡_p_¡

bp„û bp„ u_¡ d|rR®>s L$fhp gpÁep. v$p_hp¡ b^p d|rR>®s \B Nep s¡\u Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe ¾$p¡ ¡ cfpep¡. s¡Z¡ `p¡sp_p suÿZ

bpZ\u Aðpê$Y$p_p _yj_u v$p¡fu L$pù _pMu.

us|V$¡gp ^_yj_¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ Aðpê$Y$p v$¡h A¡ ¾$p¡ pedp_ \B_¡ `p¡sp_p lp\dp„ fl¡gp A„Ly$i_¡ Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe_p

hnõ\mdp„ dpep£. s¡ A„Ly$i Aq‚ S>¡hp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ s¡_p âlpf\u Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe, hÇ>\u S>¡d h©n X$¡ s¡d fZc|rddp„ `

37

`X$ep¡. s¡ A„Ly$idp„\u A¡L$ |s_p v$¡hu (rh_piL$ iqL$s) âNV$ \ep A_¡ s¡ ce„L$f |s_p v$¡hu pi\u b„^pe¡gp kÂpmp

v$p_h pi krls cnZ L$fu_¡ u Agp¡` \B Nep.p¡_¡ R>

Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe _p_p cpB vy$d®v$ krls iqL$sk¡_p kpd¡ _ô$ \B Nep¡ s¡ ÅZu i|ÞeL$_Nf_p¡ õhpdu c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe

k`®_u S>¡d a|„apX$p dpfhp gpÁep¡.

âL$fZ - 13`„Qk¡_p`rs h^

Ap fus¡ Aðê$Y$p v$¡huA¡ Ly$f„X$ v$¥Ðe_p¡ _pi L$ep£ s¡\u c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe Ly$V$ugpn_¡ eyÝ^_u BÃR>p\u bp¡ëep¡ :

õhà_dp„ Z S>¡ hps _ b_¡ A_¡ l¡gp„ Aphy„ L$p¡B qv$h kp„cýey„ _lp¡sy„, Adpfp d_dp„ Aphu i„L$p Z _ lsu k

s¡hy„ L$ô$ âpá \ey„. Ly$f„X$ A_¡ vy$d®v$ bß¡ dlpbmhp_ cpBAp¡ Ap vy$ô$ dpephu öuAp¡ Üpfp dpep® Nep. lh¡ L$f„L$ Apqv$

`p„Q S>¡ Ar^_peL$p¡ R>¡, S>¡_u kp\¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_pAp¡ R>¡ s¡d_¡ lh¡ fZc|rddp„ dp¡L$gp¡. s¡ eyÝ^dp„ vy$d®v$ A_¡

i|fhuf R>¡. k„N°pddp„ dfrZep R>¡. A¡ vy$ô$ rhgprk_u_¡ eyÝ^dp„ Æsi¡.

Aphy„ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_y„ hQ_ kp„cmu syfs S> Ly$V$ugpn¡, L$f„L$ Apqv$ `p„Q Ar^_peL$p¡_¡ bp¡gpìep. s¡ `p„Q¡

Ar^_peL$p¡A¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ _dõL$pf L$ep® A_¡ Ly$V$ugpn¡ s¡d_¡ Apop L$fu s¡\u eyÝ^ L$fhp dpV$¡ ¾$p¡^\u Ap„^mp \B

blpf _uL$ýep. s¡d_p _uL$mhp kde¡ eyÝ^_p A¡hp hpÅ„ hpÁep„ L$¡ qv$ipAp¡_p lp\uAp¡(qv$ÁNÅ¡)_p Z L$p_ bl¡fp„

\B Nep, lp\uAp¡ Np¡m Np¡m afhp gpÁep.

kp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_p ÝhÅ¡ gl¡fphp gpÁep A_¡ kp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p Qpghp gpNu. Âpp¡X$pAp¡, lp\uAp¡

kdyÖ_p sf„N_u S>¡d Qpghp gpÁep. Âpp¡X$pAp¡ lZlZu füp R>¡ A_¡ i|fhufp¡ S>eÂpp¡j L$fu füp R>¡. lp\uAp¡

NS®>_p L$fu füp R>¡. f\p¡ Qpgu füp R>¡. f\p¡_p `X$ÂppAp¡\u `©Õhu_u ^|m ApL$pidp„ EX$hp gpNu. S>¡d bfa_u

hjp®\u k|e® Y„$L$pB Åe s¡d f\p¡_p Qpghp\u EX$su |m\u k|e® Y„$L$pB Nep¡. ApMy„ rhðd„X$m |m\u R>hpB Ney„ A_¡

hpÅAp¡_p AhpS>\u iåv$de \B Ney„. |m_u Åm\u kp¡ Anp¥rlZu v$¥Ðek¡_p Y„$L$pB NB. v$¥Ðep¡_u Ådp„ dpR>gu,

k`p®qv$ rQŒp¡ R>¡. S>¡ kdyÖdp„ dNfdÃR> Qpg¡ s¡d ^|m_u Åmdp„ s¡ k¡_pAp¡ Qpghp gpNu. v$¥Ðek¡_pAp¡_¡ d

iqL$sk¡_p k d¡ gX$hp Aphsu Å¡B_¡ v$¡hspAp¡ iqL$sAp¡_p _pi \i¡ A¡d rhQpfu cecus \B Nep.p ¡

„Lf„L$ Apqv$ S>¡ pQ k¡_p`rsAp¡ R>¡ s¡ M|b S> DÝ^s õhcph_p R>¡. kr`®Zu _pdhpmu dlpdpep s¡dZ¡

eyÝ^d a¡gphu. s¡ p„Q k¡_p`rsAp¡A¡ kpbfu _pd_u vy$ô$ dpephu kr`®Zu fZc|rddp„ DÐ`ß L$fu. s¡ kpbfu dpep_p¡ p„

v$¡l |dpX$p S>¡hp hZ®_p¡ R>¡. s¡_y„ cep_L$ ¡V$ kdyÖdp„ DÐ`ß \e¡gp„ hdm S>¡hy„ R>¡. s¡ kpbfu dpep v$p_hp¡_u k¡_p_u

ApNm Qpgu flu R>¡. A_¡ iqL$sk¡_p_¡ eyÂ^ c|rddp„ cecus L$fu flu R>¡.

y ^ ÅZ¡ _pNp¡_u dpsp L$Ö lp¡e s¡d A¡ dpep_p b p„ S> Apc|jZp¡ k`p£_p„ lsp„. dpepde k`p£_y„ ÅZ¡

Dv$¹Ndõ\p_ lp¡e s¡hu s¡ kpbfu dpep S>ZpB flu lsu. k¡_p`rsAp¡_u ApNm s¡ kr`®Zu v„$X$b¡W$L$ L$fsu Qpgu flu

R>¡. Âpp¡f NS®>_p L$fsu Åe R>¡ A_¡ kf kdp„ Qpgu flu R>¡.O

38

L$f„L$ Apqv$ S>¡ `p„Q vy$fpÐdp R>¡ S>¡dZ¡ Apd dpep hX$¡ kh® v$¡hspAp¡_¡ Æsu gu^p lsp. Ap `p„Q

k¡_p`rsAp¡_¡ lh¡ d©Ðey_u L$pd_p \B R>¡. v$¥Ðep¡ A_¡ iqL$sAp¡_y„ eyÝ^ iê$ \B Ney„. A¡L$buÅ_u kpd¡ Nh®\u bp¡gu

füp R>¡. s¡ kÂpmp„ M|bS> ¾$p¡r^s R>¡.

bß¡ bpS>y\u k¡_pAp¡ A¡hu fus¡ c¡Nu \B NB L$¡ A¡L$buÅ_¡ Ap¡mMu iL$pe _l]. v$¥Ðep¡ A_¡ iqL$sAp¡ iö

hX$¡ A¡L$buÅ D`f âlpf L$fhp gpÁep. kpdkpd¡_p i÷p¡_p V$L$fphp\u Aq‚ DÐ`ß \ep¡. A¡hp„ bpZp¡_u hjp® \hp

gpNu L$¡ s¡_p\u k|e® Y„$L$pB Nep¡. iqL$sk¡_p_p¡ A_¡ v$¡hspAp¡_ Öp¡lu v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ Âpp¡f k„N°pd \hp gpÁep¡. `p„Q v$¥Ðe p„

k¡_p`rsAp¡A¡ `p¡sp_p bm\u kpbfu dpep_¡ ApNm L$fu_¡ kr`®ZuA¡ `p¡sp_p ifuf\u A_¡L$ k`p£ DÐ`ß L$ep®.

snL$ A_¡ L$fL$p¡V$L$ _pN S>¡hp s¡dS> hpkyqL$ S>¡hp L$pqÞsdp_ A_¡L$ _pNp¡ DÐ`ß L$e Sy>v$pSy>v$p âL$pf_p s¡d_p p¯.

ifuf_p f„N lsp„ A_¡ Sy>v$pSyv$p âL$pf_u s¡ k`p£_u ce„L$f ×[ô$ lsu. Sy>v$pSy>v$p âL$pf_u rh`rÑAp¡\u (rhj\u)

ÓZ¡ gp¡L$_¡ s¡Ap¡ cõd L$fhp gpÁep. hk_pc rhj, ce„L$f L$pgLy$V$ rhj, v$pfv$ rhj, kp¥fpô²$_y„ ce„L$f rhj, ce„L$f

iëe rhj, ip¡L$gue rhj A_¡ buÅ A_¡L$ âL$pf_p rhj, k`p£A¡ p¡sp_u(ap„V$hpmu) bß¡ Æcp¡ dp¡Y$pdp„\u blpf

L$pY$u s¡ kp\¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_p rhj blpf Ap¡L$hp gpÁep.

kr`®Zu_p ifufdp„\u _uL$m¡gy„ rhj iqL$sk¡_p sfa S>hp gpÁey„. ydpX$p S>¡hp f„Nhpmp, b¡ dp¡Y$phpmp A_¡

ce„L$f kp`, kr`®Zu_p b„ß¡ _¡Óp¡dp„\u DÐ`ß \ep s¡ ÅZ¡ ¾$p¡^\u cf¡gp A_¡ ce„L$f lsp. ump f„N_p A_¡ ÓZ

a¡Zhpmp ce„L$f dp¡Y$phpmp L$fp¡X$p¡ kp`, kr`®Zu_p bß¡ L$p_p¡dp„\u DÐ`ß \ep. ApNm A_¡ |„W$ sfa bß¡ bpSy>

a¡Zhpmp k`p£ kr`®Zu_p dp¡Y$pdp„\u _uL$ýep. s¡d_p¡ f„N gugp¡ lsp¡. Qpf dp¡Y$phpmp A_¡ Qpf `Nhpmp ce„L$f

bmhp_ kp`p¡ kr`®Zu_p _pL$dp„\u _uL$ýep.s¡d_p¡ f„N ka¡v$ lsp¡. kr`®Zu_p Np¡m Np¡m gp„bp gp„bp L$p_ lsp„

s¡dp\u A_¡ s¡_p _prcLy„$X$dp„\u gpg hZ®_p cep_L$ kp` DÐ`ß \ep. lmplm T¡fhpmp k`p£ DÐ`ß \ep. „

iqL$sk¡_p_¡ L$fX$hp gpÁep A_¡ rhj_u Aq‚\u bpmhp gpÁep. k`p£ `p¡sp_p ifuf\u iqL$sAp¡_¡ bp„^hp gpÁep

A_¡ a¡Zp¡\u dpfhp gpÁep A_¡ k`® k¡_pA¡ grgs¡ðfu_u k¡_p_¡ AÐe„s ìepLy$m L$fu _pMu. iqL$sk¡_pA¡ p¡sp_p„

i÷p¡ hX$¡ k`p£_p V$yL$X$p L$fu _p¿ep sp¡ k`p£ h^hp S> gpÁep A_¡ iqL$sk¡_p_¡ ¡fhp gpÁep. k`p£_p¡ _pi L$fhp\u sp¡ O

A_¡L$NZp k`p£ h^hp gpÁep. A¡L$ k`®_p¡ _pi \pe sp¡ s¡dp„\u A_¡L$ k`p£ `¡v$p \hp gpÁep. d|mc|s kr`®Zu_p¡

Äep„ ky u _pi _ \pe Ðep„ kyû k`p£_p¡ _pi L$fhp R>sp„ Z A_¡L$ NZp k`p£ h^sp„ S> S>hp_p.

iqL$sk¡_p_p„ ifufp¡ rhjê$ù Aq‚\u bmhp gpÁep. eyÝ^dp„ vy$:M\u iqL$sk¡_p _ô$ \hp gpNu. k ®k¡_p\u

iqL$sk¡_p L$s®ìe rhd|Y$ \B NB. iy„ L$fhy„ A_¡ iy„ _ L$fhy„ s¡ L$p„B _½$u _\u L$fu iL$su.

p`p„Q v$¥Ðe k¡_p`rs M|b S> fp¾$d L$fhp gpÁe . L$f„c _pd_p¡ S>¡ k¡_p`rs lsp¡ s¡ kp¡ N ¡X$p„ Å¡X$¡gp f\dp„

b¡W$p¡ lsp¡. suÿZ pfhpmp Q¾$\u iqL$sk¡_p_p¡ s¡ _pi L$fhp gpÁep¡.

hÇ>v„$s _pdhpmp¡ S>¡ k¡_p`rs lsp¡ s¡ KV$ D`f b¡W$p¡ lsp¡ A_¡ hÇ> S>¡hp„ bpZp¡ a¡„L$u füp¡ lsp¡. hÇ>dyM

_pd_p¡ v$¥Ðe k¡_p`rs Q¾$hpmp dlpf\dp„ b¡W$p¡ lsp¡, s¡ cpgpAp¡\u iqL$sk¡_p_¡ dpfhp gpÁep¡. hÇ>gp¡dp _pd_p¡

bmhp_ v$¥Ðe k¡_p`rs b¡ Nu^ Å¡X$¡gp f\dp„ b¡W$p¡ lsp¡. s¡ bpZp¡\u iqL$sk¡_p_¡ dpfsp¡ lsp¡. s¡ vy$ô$ k¡_p`rsAp¡ eyÝ^

L$fhpdp„ M|bS> DÐkprls lsp„.

39

kp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_pA¡ iqL$sk¡_p D`f Ap¾$dZ L$ey®. kr`®Zu L$¡ S>¡ vy$fpQpqfZu lsu s¡Z¡ M|b S> dpep

a¡gphu. nZ nZdp„ L$fp¡X$p¡ k`p£_¡ DÐ`ß L$fhp gpNu. irL$sk¡_p_¡ ìepLy$m L$fu v$uû. Ap Å¡B_¡ ¾$p¡^\u ìepLy$m \B

_Ly$g v$¡hu (_Ly$g A¡V$g¡ _p¡rmep¡ A_¡ _p¡rmepAp¡_u Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hu _Ly$gu v$¡hu R>¡. _p¡rmep k`®_p iÓy NZpe R>¡ u

Ap\u kr`®Zu dpep_p¡ D`pe L$fhp dpV$¡ _Ly$gu v$¡hu eyÝ^n¡Ódp„ ^pep® R>¡)

u p p_Ly$g v$¡hu_p¡ f„N s`ph¡gp kyhZ® S>¡hp¡ s¡S>õhu R>¡. dp grgspA„bp_p s mh dp„\u s¡ DÐ`ß \B R>¡.

kdõs hpZu_y„ s¡ õhê$` d_pe R>¡. s¡d_p„ v$p„s hÇ> S>¡hp dS>b|s R>¡. s¡ _Ly$gu v$¡huA¡ `p¡sp_u (_p¡rmepAp¡_u)

k¡_p kr ®Zuk¡_p_u kpd¡ L$fu.

_Ly$guv$¡hu Nê$X$ D`f b¡W$p R>¡. Nê$X$_u `p„Mp¡ thTphp\u `lpX$p¡ `Z X$NdNhp gpÁep„. ÅZ¡ kyd¡fy `h®s

eyÝ^dp„ Apìep¡ lp¡e s¡d NfyX$ eyÝ^dp„ Aphu Nep¡. kr`®Zu_u dpep\u DÐ`ß \e¡gp ce„L$f k`p£_¡ Å¡B_¡ _Ly$guv$¡hu_p„

_¡Óp¡ ¾$p¡ \u gpg \B Nep„ A_¡ s¡Z¡ p¡sp_y„ dp¡Yy„$ apXey„. _Ly$gu v$¡hu_p bÓuk v$p„sdp„\u bÓuk L$fp¡X$ kyhZ® f„N_p

_p¡rmep DÐ`ß \ep. kr`®Zu_p k ®d„X$m_¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f\u L$fX$hp gpÁep. S>¡ S>¡ iqL$sAp¡_¡ kp` L$fX$ep lsp s¡ s¡

v$¡huAp¡_p kp`_p L$fX$¡gp cpNdp„\u _p¡rmep¡ T¡f Q| hp gpÁep. s¡ Âpp¡f k„N°pddp„ kyhZ® _p¡rmepAp¡ rhj_p¡ _pi k

L$fhp gpÁep A_¡ Âpydhp gpÁep.

k„N°pddp„ _p¡rmep¡Ap¡A¡ `p¡sp_p„ L$p_ KQp L$fu gu^p A_¡ ¾$p¡ \u `p¡sp_p„ kyhZ®f„N_p ê$hpX$p„ lgphhp

gpÁep. _p¡rmep (k`p£ Mph dmi¡ s¡hp Ap_„v$\u)aygpB Nep A_¡ dp¡Y$p„ apX$u apX$u_¡ k`p£_¡ Mphp gpÁep. Ap fus¡ p

_p¡rmepAp¡_p lydgp\u dpepde k ®Åm_p¡ _Ly$gu v$¡huA¡ _pi L$fu _p¿ep¡. s¡ Å¡B_¡ kr`®Zu ¾$p¡ pedp_ \B.

_Ly$guv$¡huA¡ kr`®Zu kp\¡ dlp_ eyÝ^ L$ey¯ A_¡ s¡dp„ _Ly$gu v$¡huA¡ Nê$X$p÷ _pd_p bpZ_p¡ âep¡N L$ep£.

Nê$X$p÷_u A¡V$gu Aq‚ _uL$mu, S>¡_p\u v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡ |Z® \B NB. NfyX$p÷ kr`®Zu_p ifufdp„ âh¡iu Ney„ A_¡

k`® dpep_¡ bpmu _pMu. dpepiqL$s_p _pi\u kr`®Zu _pi pdu. kr`®Zu_p¡ _pi \hp\u p„Q k¡_p`rsAp¡_¡ M|b

S> ¾$p¡^ \ep¡. S¡ kr`®Zu_p bm\u Ap p„Q k¡_p`rsAp¡ kly v¡hspAp¡_y„ A`dp_ L$fsp lsp„, s¡ kr`®Zu_u hpsp®

dpÓ flu NB.

u_Ly$g v$¡hu_p âcph\u k`®_u k¡_p_p¡ _pi \B Nep¡ s¡\u s¡ p„Q k¡_p`rs M|b S> ¾$p¡ pedp_ \ep. s¡ p„Q

k¡_p`rsAp¡ A¡L$u kp\¡ _Ly$gu v$¡hu D`f lydgp¡ L$fu_¡ i÷p¡_p¡ âlpf L$fhp gpÁep. _Ly$gu v$¡hu A¡L$gp NfyX$ D`f

b¡ku_¡ ÂpZu õa|rs®\u i÷p¡ hX$¡ s¡ p„Q¡e k¡_p`rsAp¡ kp\¡ gX$u flu R>¡.

lÅfp¡ V$ui, dykg A_¡ cuÞv$u`pg _pd_p i÷p¡\u _Ly$guv$¡hu gX$u flu R>¡. s¡d_p„ _p¡rmep, hÇ> S>¡hp

v$p„sp¡ hX$¡ v$¥Ðep¡_p dd®õ\p L$pù füp R>¡. v$¥Ðep¡_u k¡_pdp„ _p¡rmepAp¡_p L$fX$hp\u lplpL$pf dQu Nep¡. ce„L$f _p¡

v$p„sp¡hpmp _p¡rmepAp¡A¡ v$¥Ðep¡_¡ ìepLy$m L$fu _p¿ep. _p¡rmepAp¡ ApL$ idp„ EX$¡ R>¡ A_¡ Âpp¡f rQÐL$pf L$fu füp R>¡. p

iÓyAp¡_u k¡_p_¡ L$fX$¡ R>¡ A_¡ ¾$p¡^\u Ly$ÐL$pf L$fu füp R>¡.

k¡_p`rsAp¡A¡ Å¡ey„ L$¡ _p¡rmepAp¡A¡ Adpfu k¡_p_¡ ìepLy$m L$fu v$uû S>¡ A¡ Å¡B_¡ Ly$f„X$ k¡_p`rs L$p¡`pedp_

\ep¡. buÅ Z dlpbmhp_ k¡_p`rsAp¡ lsp„. s¡dZ¡ õa|rs®hpmp lp\\u _p¡rmepAp¡ D`f Ak„¿e bpZp¡_u hjp®

40

L$fu. s¡ `p„Q k¡_p`rsAp¡A¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ bpZp¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f a¢L$ep. s¡ bpZp¡\u Ópk `pd¡gp„ _p¡rmepAp¡ _Ly$gu v$¡hu_u `pk¡

`pR>p afhp gpÁep. hpZu_u Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hu _Ly$gu_¡ _p¡rmepAp¡_p pR>p afhp\u dlp_ ¾$p¡^ \ep¡.

AnuZ _Ly$g _pdhpmy„ dlpA÷, L$¡ S>¡_u Qpf¡L$p¡f Aq‚_u ÄhpmpAp¡ _uL$mu flu R>¡ s¡ A÷ _Ly$gu

v$¡huA¡ kpf„N ^_yóe D`f gNpX$ey„. A¡ A÷dp„\u L$fp¡X$ _p¡rmep _uL$ýep, S>¡_p„ hÇ> S>¡hp„ ifuf lsp„, hÇ> S>¡hp

ê$ p p, A_¡ hÇ> S>¡hp v$p„s lsp s¡dS> dlph¡Nhpmp ls s¡ _p¡rmepAp¡ hÇ>_u Åm S>¡hp ce„L$f lsp, hÇ> S>¡hp h X$ „ p„. „

_Mp¡\u ApMu ©Õhu_¡ Mp¡sfu füp lsp. hÇ>fÐ_(lufp) S>¡hu QmL$s Ap„Mp¡\u ip¡cpedp_ lsp. S>¡d huS>mu u „

`X$¡ s¡d _pL$ hX$¡ kukL$pfsp (ayÐL$pfsp) lsp„. s¡ _p¡rmepAp¡ v$¥Ðep¡_p `N_¡ `p¡sp_p hÇ>v$p„sp¡\u L$p`hp gpÁep. s¡

_p¡rmep bly âL$pf_p fp¾$d L$fhp gpÁep. s¡Ap¡ p`frls lsp„. (Ap\u k„N°pddp„ s¡d_¡ L$p¡B âL$pf_p¡ ce _lp¡sp¡)

Aphu fus¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ _p¡rmep L$¡ S>¡ hÇ> S>¡hp A_¡ dlpbmhp_ lsp s¡d_p\u v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ _pi \hp gpÁep¡ A_¡ v$¥Ðep¡_p

A„Np¡ s|V$hp gpÁep„.

Aphu fus¡ hÇ> S>¡hp _p¡rmepAp¡\u kp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p _pi `pdu. dpÓ `p„Q k¡_p`rs bpL$u füp„.

ce\u A_¡ ¾$p¡ \u s¡ p„Q S>Z Å¡fÅ¡f\u eyÝ^ L$fhp gpÁep. s¡ p„Q¡ kpd¡ _Ly$guv$¡hu eyÝ^ L$fhp gpNu. V$ui i÷

hX$¡ _Ly$guv$¡huA¡ L$f„X$_p¡ A„s L$fu v$u^p¡. bpL$u_p Qpf k¡_p`rsAp¡_p¡ NfyX$ f b¡k¡gp _Ly$guv$¡huA¡ sghpf hX$¡ A„s

ApZu v$u^p¡.

_Ly$guv$¡hu_p Aphp õa|rs® A_¡ `fp¾$d íepdgpv$¡huA¡ Å¡ep. íepdgpv$¡huA¡ _Ly$guv$¡hu_y„ blydp_ L$ey¯.

íepdgpv$¡huA¡ _Ly$guv$¡hu_¡ p¡sp_p ifuf_p (fnL$) v$¡hsp dpÞep. Aph DÑd NyZ Å¡B_¡ L$p¡_¡ âurs _ \pe bpL$u p ?

S>¡ L$p¡B v$¥Ðe bÃep lsp s¡ _Ly$guv$¡hu_p ifZdp„ Apìep. ifZ¡ Aph¡gp v$¥Ðep¡_¡ _Ly$guv$¡huA¡ lku_¡ L$üy :sd¡ ce _

L$fp¡, A_¡ S>B_¡ sdpfp fpÅ_¡ eyÝ^_p¡ h©Ñp„s k„cmphp¡. s¡ v$¥Ðep¡ `°kß \B_¡ eyÝ^c|rd Å¡hp\u ce `pdsp„

i|ÞeL$_Nfdp„ cpNu Nep. pR>p Aph¡gp v$¥Ðep¡_u hpZu kp„cmu c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ M|b S> ¾$p¡^ \ep¡.

* Ap âL$fZdp„ hrZ®s `p„Q v$¥Ðe k¡_p`rsAp¡ A¡ `p„Q BqÞÖep¡_p rhL$pfp¡ R>¡. `p„Q BqÞÖep¡ A¡V$g¡

`„Qop_¡r ep¡ S>¡d L$¡ Ap„M, L$p_, _pL A_¡ ÐhQp S>¡d_p„ L$pe® Å¡hy„, kp„cmhy„, ky„ hy„, õhpv$ N°lZ L$fhp¡ ÞÖ , Æ‹p O

A_¡ õì®_y„ op_ \hy„ A¡ R>¡ s¡ BqÞÖep¡ Üpfp \sp„ kyM_p A_ychdp„ S>epf¡ hL$pf S>Þd¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡ BqÞÖep¡ v$¥Ðeê$` q

b_u Åe R>¡ A\p®s Adep®v$ b_u Åe R>¡. dpV$¡ S> s¡hu rhL$pfu BqÞÖep¡_¡ Al] v$¥Ðe k¡_p`rsAp¡ sfuL$¡ hZ®_

L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. s¡d_u k`®dpep A\hp kr`®Zu sfuL$¡ S¡_y„ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡ s¡ vy$rjs BÃR>pAp¡ -

hpk_pAp¡_y„ âsuL$ R>¡. S>¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_p BqÞÖep¡_p rhjep¡ A¡V$g¡ L$¡ rhj^f k`p£_u dpsp kr`®Zu sfuL$¡ v$ip®hhpdp„

Aphu R>¡. Aop__p A„^pfuep kpd°pÄedp„ rhjerhL$pfp¡_u k`®Åm_y„ Al] v$¥Ðep¡_u dpe iqL$s sfuL$¡ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ p

Apìey„ R¡. S>¡_p¡ ârsL$pf _Ly$gu v$¡hu L$f¡ R>¡. Ap _Ly$guv$¡huA¡ hpZu_u v$¡hu R>¡ s¡d Al] L$l¡hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. s¡Ap¡

õhe„ kdõs hpZu_y„ ê$` R>¡. s¡d_u DÐ`rÑ dp grgspA„bp_p spmhpdp„\u \B R>¡ A\p®s M¡Qfu dyÖpdp„ KQu L$fu_¡

spgõ\p_dp„ v$bph¡gu Æc_y„ Al] _Ly$guv$¡hu sfuL$¡ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. s¡d_p¡ hZ® s`ph¡gp kyhZ® S>¡hp¡ R>¡ y

A¡V$g¡ L$¡ M¡QfudyÖp L$fhp\u ApÂepqÐdL$ s¡S> h ¡ R>¡ A_¡ Aop_, A„^L$pf,rhjep¡, rhL$pfp¡ hN¡f¡_u k`®dpepÅm_y„

r_hpfZ \pe R>¡. Æc_¡ EÝh®Nprd_u L$fhp_¡ Al] _Ly$gu v$¡hu_p Nê$X$ D`f b¡ku_¡ ApL$pidp„ DÍ$e_ L$fhy„. A¡d

41

hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ s¡\u S> Æc_¡ D`f L$fhp_¡ M¡-Qfu dyÖp L$l¡ R>¡. M¡ A¡V$g¡ ApL$pi A_¡ Qfu A¡V$g¡ Nd_

L$fhy„. Apd ep¡NdpN®_p Arsie AphíeL$ A„N M¡Qfu dyÖp_y„ Al] kp„L$¡rsL$ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ S>¡ kp^L$_¡

KQu op_de c|rdL$pdp„ Apfp¡lZ L$fhpdp„ klpeL$ R>¡. _Ly$guv$¡hu_p _p¡rmep ¡ hpZu_u v$¡hu_p A\p®s hZ®dpgp_p s ¹

Anfp¡ R>¡ S>¡_p kd|lp¡ Üpfp kdõs L$p¡j A\p®s¹ kh® op_de `yõsL$p¡_u fQ_p \pe R>¡ S>¡d_u k„¿ep (iåv$p¡)

ANrZs R>¡. Ap _p¡rmepAp¡ (`yõsL$p¡, N°„\p¡, kdõs ks¹kprlÐe) hpZu_u v$¡hu_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. A_¡ Aop_ A_¡

s¡_p\u DÐ`ß \_pfu rhL©$rsAp¡, v$p¡jp¡, p`p¡ hN¡f¡_p v$¥Ðep¡_y„ Ap _p¡rmep rhv$pfZ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ lSy> Z L$fu füp

R>¡. Ap\u S> s¡d_¡ AnuZ _Ly$g A\p®s¹ L$qv$ `Z nuZ _ \pe s¡hp„ A-nf _p¡rmepAp¡ L$üp R>¡. Apd r_ç_

âL©$rs_u k`®Åm A_¡ EÝh® âL©$rs_p _p¡rmepAp¡_y„ eyÝ^ r_f„sf Qpëep S> L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ rhS>e l„d¡ip kÐe_p

âL$pi_p¡, op__p âL$pi_p¡, _Ly$g v$¡hu_p Anf _p¡rmepAp¡_p¡ S> \pe R>¡. op_ S> d_yóe_¡ r_d®m L$f¡ R>¡. A_¡ u

dpep-kr`®Zu_u Åmdp„\u dyL$s L$f¡ R>¡. Ap\u S> cNhv$Nuspdp„ op__p¡ drldp L$fsp cNhp_ îuL©$óZ L$l¡ R>¡., ¹

L$¡ op_ S>¡hy„ rhiyÝ^ L$f_pf buSy„> L„$B`Z _\u. op_u cL$s p¡ dpfp ApÐdp kdp_ d_¡ râe R>¡. op__u D`pk_p s

L$fhu A¡ S> dpfy„ Mfy„ yS>_ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 14

ká k¡_p`rs h^

kp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_pkrls s¡ p„Q k¡_p`rsAp¡_p _pi_p kdpQpf kp„cmu c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe ¾$p¡^\u Ap„ mp¡

\B Nep¡ A_¡ r_kpkp _pMhp gpÁep¡. eyÝ^_¡ L$pfZ¡ ìepLy$m A„s:L$fZhpmp¡ s¡ L$yV$ugpn_¡ bp¡ëep¡ : l¡ cÖ k¡_p`rs,

Ad_¡ Aiyc âpá \ey„. L$f„X$ Apqv$ S>¡ `p„Q k¡_p`rsAp¡ lsp s¡ `p¡sp_p bplybm\u `©Õhu_¡ sp¡X$uap¡X$u _pM¡ s¡hp

lsp„. A_¡ kr`®Zu dpep L$¡ S>¡ v$¡hspAp¡_p Z dv$_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmu lsu, s¡ pr`Zu_p¡ N|Y$ dpep hX$¡ _pi L$fu

v$u^p¡.

lh¡ bgplL$ Apqv$ S>¡ kps k¡_p`rs R>¡ s¡ dlp_ bplybmhpmp R>¡. eyÝ^dp„ s¡d_¡ dp¡L$gp¡. s¡_u kp\¡

ÓZkp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p dp¡L$gp¡. s¡ b^p dpephuAp¡ grgsp_u k¡_p_y„ dv®$_ L$fi¡. s¡ b^p„ Ahíe rhS>e d¡mhu_¡

dpfu pk¡ Aphi¡. L$u _p Nc®\u DÐ`ß \ep„ R>¡ s¡ âQ„X$ fp¾$du R>¡. s¡ gplL$ Apqv$ kps cpBAp¡_u kv$p Æs L$V$p b

S> \pe R>¡. s¡ L$v$u lpep® _\u. s¡Ap¡_p¡ fZc|rddp„ Ahíe S>e \i¡.

„ ¡Aphy„ c„X$pkyf¡ Ly$V$ugpn_¡ L$üy s¡\u Ly$V$ugpn¡ s¡ kps cpBAp¡_¡ bp¡gpìep, L$¡ S> dv$\u DÞdÑ lsp. bgplL$,

k|rQdyM, pgdyM, rhL$Z, rhL$V$p__, L$f gp , L$f $ - s¡ kps AÐe„s bmhpmp lsp. c„X$pkyf_¡ _dõL$pf a ® p ey L$V$ s¡dZ¡

L$ep®, ey sp¡ s¡_¡ fds S>¡hy„ gpNsy„ lsy„. s¡ kps¡ L$uL$ p_p yÓp¡ lsp. s¡ kps¡ cpBAp¡ A¡L$bu _p klpeL$ lsp. s¡ Ù k Å

_Nf\u blpf _uL$ýep.

A¡V$gu s¡ ÓZkp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_p k¡_p`rs s¡_u kp\¡ Qpëep. s¡_u ^ÅAp¡ KQu lsu L$¡ ApL$pi_p„

hpv$mp¡ Qufsu afL$u flu lsu. s¡ ce„L$f k¡_p_p ApÂpps\u `©Õhu cecus \B flu lsu. A¡hu |m EX$u L$¡ kps

42

kdyÖ ÅZ¡ |m\u cfpB S>i¡. c¡fu, _Npfp„ A_¡ vy„$vy$rc hNpX$sp„ s¡Ap¡ S>B füp R>¡. s¡Ap¡ `Ng¡ `Ng¡ ce„L$f

AhpS>\u kL$g k„kpf_¡ cfu v$¡sp„ ApNm Qpëep„.

Cs¡Ap¡ dv$\u DÞdÑ \B ÓZkp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_¡ g ÅZ¡ rhð_¡ L„$`phu füp R>¡. ¾$p¡^\u _¡Óp¡ gpg \B

Nep„. k|e® S>¡hp QdL$ugp„ L$hQ l¡ep® R>¡. i÷p¡ A_¡ Apc|jZ QdL$u füp„ R>¡ A_¡ âL$pidp_ L$¡i Ecp \e¡gp„ R>¡.

Ap kps k¡_p`rsAp¡_¡ eyÝ^ Æshp dpV$¡ dp¡L$gu_¡ c„X$pkyf_¡ dlp_ rhS>e_u Apip lsu. s¡ k¡_p`rsAp¡A¡ |h£

ApMy„ S>Ns Æs gu^y„ lsy„. kps gp¡L$ _y„ dv®$_ Ap kps cpBAp¡A¡ L$ey¯ lsy„. Ap\u grgspk¡_p_¡ Æshp dpV$¡ Mp¡V$u u ¡ p¡

by[Ý^hpmp c„X$pkyf¡ s¡d_¡ dp¡L$ëep.

f¾$p¡r^s \B_¡ i÷p¡ kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ eyÝ^c|rddp„ lp¢Qu Nep A_¡ iqL$sk¡_p_u kpd¡ v$p¡X$ep„. hp „hpf

c„X$pkyf_u S>e _p _pv$ L$fsp„ s¡Ap¡ Qpëep. s¡d_u lp\ZuAp¡ Äep„ v$¡hu_u k¡_p lsu Ðep„ Aphu lp¢Qu.

grgsp v$¡hu_u k¡_p ce„L$f A÷i÷\u kykˆ$ lsu A_¡ ¾$p¡ `|h®L$ iÓyAp¡_¡ Å¡B flu lsu. iqL$sAp¡_p

lp\dp„ `p , dyim,Q¾$, dyv$¹Nf, `Ë$ui A_¡ L$p¡B_p lp\dp„ ^_yóebpZ lsp„. A_¡L$ suh° iqL$sAp¡ îu i

grgspA„bp_u k¡_pdp„ Aphu_¡ dmu NB, ÅZ¡ v$¥Ðeê$` kdyÖp¡_y„ p_ L$fu S>i¡ s¡d lÅfp¡ iqL$sAp¡ Ðep„ Aphu NB.

v$¥Ðep¡ bp¡ëep : l¡ vy$ô$pAp¡, pr`ZuAp¡, l¡ Abmp h_uspAp¡, dpep_p AphfZ\u S>X$ yê$jp¡_¡ sd¡ dp¡rls

L$fp¡ R>¡. sd_¡ lyy„ ApS>¡ edgp¡L$dp„ dp¡L$gu v$Bi. Aphu fus¡ iqL$sAp¡_¡ S>Zphu_¡ S>¡d kp` ay„apX$p dpf¡ s¡hp„ ce„L$f

bpZp¡\u v$p_hp¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp„ gpÁep„. L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡A¡ v$¥Ðe k¡_pdp„ âh¡i L$ep£ sp¡ L$p¡B v$¥Ðep¡A¡ iqL$sk¡_pdp„ âh¡i L$ep£.

S¡d v|$^dp„ `pZu cmu e s¡d v$¥Ðek¡_p A_¡ iqL$sk¡_p eyÝ^c|rddp„ cmu NB. hufp¡_p L$pmÅ„ L„$ù Åe A¡hy„ Å

ce„L$f eyÝ^ \ey„. L$pef `yê$j sp¡ s¡ eyÝ^_y„ õdfZ `Z _ L$fu iL$¡ s¡hy„ ce„L$f eyÝ^ \ey„. i÷p¡_u ce„L$fdp„ ce„L$f

A\X$pdZ \B.

bgplL$ v$¥Ðe S>¡ dlpNu^ D`f b¡W$p¡ lsp¡ s¡ Nu^_p„ Qp„Q A_¡ dyM hÇ> S>¡hp A_¡ L$pm_p v„$X$ S>¡hp„ lsp„.

s¡_p N ce„L$f lsp„. s¡ Nu^_y„ _pd k„lpfNyá lsy„. s¡ kl\u l¡gp„ eyÝ^dp„ Apìep¡. s¡_p¡ ydpX$p S>¡hp¡ f„N lsp¡. y

s¡_u p„M_p¡ ApL$pf ce„L$f lsp¡. s¡ p„Mp¡ AX$^p L$p¡k S>¡V$gu gp„bu lsu. A_¡ s¡_p¡ EX$hp_p¡ ce„L$f AhpS> \B

füp¡ lsp¡. A„Npfp_p |f S>¡hp„ ¾$yf s¡_p„ _¡Óp¡ lsp„. dyM a¡gphu_¡ s¡ iqL$sk¡_p_p¡ _pi L$fu füp¡ lsp¡. s¡hp Nu^ D`f

b¡ku_¡ bgplL$ eyÝ^ L$fu füp¡ lsp¡. Nu^_p ifuf D`f b¡ku_¡ `p¡sp_y„ ifuf lgphu füp¡ lsp¡. S>¡d `p„Mhpmp

`lpX$ D`f hpvmy„ b¡Wy„ lp¡e s¡¡d s¡ Nu^ D`f b¡W$p¡ lsp¡.

k|rQdyM _pd_p¡ S>¡ v$¥Ðe lsp¡ s¡_y„ hpl_ L$pNX$p¡ lsp¡. k|rQdyM v$¥Ðe_y„ dyM kp¡e S>¡hy„ A_¡ s¡ L$pmv„$X$ S>¡hp¡

ce„L$f lsp¡. s¡_p L$pNX$p_y„ ` d¡ S>¡hy„ íepd A_¡ s¡_pdp„\u ump f„N_y„ s¡S> _uL$mu füy„ lsy„. s¡_u ce„L$f p„Mp¡ ê$ O

NpD NpD S>¡V$gu dp¡V$u lsu. k|rQ yM v$¥Ðe s¡ L$pNX$p D`f b¡ku_¡ ce„L$f eyÝ^ L$fu füp¡ lsp¡. L$pNX$ _p¡ AhpS> d p

cep_L$ lsp¡ A_¡ s¡ p¡sp_u Qp„Q\u iqL$sk¡_p_y„ dv®$_ L$fu füp¡ lsp¡.

L$pgdyM _pd_p v$¥Ðe_y„ dyM v„$si|m S¡hy„ lsy„ A_¡ v„$si|m S> s¡_y„ lr\epf lsy„. s¡ lpX$ S>¡hp L„$L$ _pd_p

Nu^ D`f b¡ku eyÝ^ L$fsp¡ lsp¡.

43

rhL$fZ _pd_p¡ v$¥Ðe c¡ê„$X$ _pd_p âpZu D`f b¡ku_¡ ce„L$f eyÝ^ L$fsp¡ lsp¡. rhL$V$p__ _pd_p¡ v$¥Ðe Ë$ui

_pd_p i÷ hX$¡ eyÝ^ L$fu füp¡ lsp¡.s¡ cep_L$ L|$L$X$p D`f b¡W$¡gp¡ lsp¡. L|$L$X$p¡ Äepf¡ bp¡gsp¡ Ðepf¡ s¡_p„ Nmp_p„ ê$hp„X$p„

lpgsp„ lsp„ A_¡ s¡_u Ap„Mp¡ Aq‚ S>¡hu lsu. s¡ iqL$sk¡_p_¡ Å¡sp¡ Å¡sp¡ N\u eyÝ^ L$fhp gpÁep¡.

ey dL$fpgp _p _p¡ S>¡ v$¥Ðe lsp¡ s¡ Ars bmhp_ lsp¡. s¡_u L$¡ihpmu hÇ> S>¡hu lsu. s¡_y„ hpl_ â¡s lsy„.

õdip_dp„ d„ÓS> L$fu_¡ s¡Z¡ â¡s_¡ rk L$ep£ lsp¡. s¡\u s¡ c|s â¡sp¡_¡ ey c|rddp„ gB S>sp¡ lsp¡. â¡s_y„ dyM ` Ù Ù

Ahmy„ lsy„ A_¡ s¡_u cyÅ gp„bu lsu. s¡Z¡ b„_¡ N a¡gph¡gp lsp„.

L$fL$V$ _pd_p¡ S>¡ v$¥Ðe lsp¡ s¡ v$¥Ðek¡_pdp„ rifp¡drZ S>¡hp¡ lsp¡. s¡_y„ h¥spg hpl_ lsy„ A_¡ s¡

iqL$sk¡_pAp¡_p¡ _pi L$fhp gpÁep¡. s¡ h¥spg A¡L$ ep¡S>_ gp„bp¡-`lp¡mp¡ lsp¡, s¡_p _¡Ó ¾y$f lsp„. s¡ v$¥Ðe¡

õdip_c|rddp„ h¥spg_¡ rkÝ^ L$ep£ lsp¡. s¡ L$fV$L$ v$¥Ðe h¥spg_p Mcp D`f b¡ku_¡ iqL$sAp¡_p¡ _pi L$fsp¡ lsp¡. s¡

iqL$sAp¡ kp\¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_y„ eyÝ^ L$fsp¡ lsp¡.

Ö$s¡ kps v$¥Ðep¡ kps kdy S>¡hp lsp„. iqL$sk¡_p_¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ ìepLy$m L$fu _pMu. s¡ kps¡ v$¥Ðep¡A¡ |h®L$pmdp„ s`

L$fu k|e®_pfpeZ_¡ âkß L$ep® lsp„. s`\u k„sp¡j pd¡gp k|e®_pfpeZ¡ s¡_¡ hfv$p_ Apàey„ lsy„.

„k|e®_pfpeZ¡ L$üy lsy„ L$¡ l¡ dlpcpÁe, sdpfp s`\u ly„ âkß \ep¡ Ry„>, hfv$p_ dp„Np¡.

„A¡hy„ k|e®_pfpeZ¡ L$üy s¡_p\u s¡ kps¡ v$¥Ðep¡ Myi \B Nep lsp. s¡Ap¡A¡ âp\®_p L$fu Aphy„ ce„L$f hfv$p_

dp„Áey„ : l¡ k|e®_pfpeZ, eyÝ^ hMs¡ dp¡ Adpfu kdu`¡ Aphu_¡ Adpfu Ap„Mp¡dp„ r_hpk L$fp¡. sdpfp Âpp¡f s¡S>\u s

iÓyAp¡ Ad¡ bpmu _pMuA¡. l¡ k|e®_pfpeZ, sd¡ Adpfu Ap„Mp¡dp„ r_hpk L$fp¡ A_¡ S>¡_u kpd¡ Å¡BA¡ s¡ _¡

Q¡ô$pfrls(b¡cp_) \B Åe. l¡ k|e®_pfpeZ, sd¡ Adpfu Ap„Mp¡dp„ Aphp¡ A_¡ Ad¡ iÓyAp¡_¡ Å¡BA¡ sp¡ s¡_p„ i÷p¡

Qpgu _ iL$¡. iÓy_p i÷p¡ Qpg¡ _tl s¡\u Ad¡ vy$íd_p¡_¡ kyM`|h®L$ dpfu iL$uA¡.

Aphy„ hfv$p_ `|h®L$pmdp„ s¡ kps v$¥Ðep¡A¡ k|e®_pfpeZ `pk¡\u d¡mh¡gy„. Ap hfv$p__p bm\u s¡ kps¡e

dshpgp \B eyÝ^ L$fu füp lsp.

scNhp_ k|e®_pfpeZ¡ s¡ kps v$¥Ðep¡_p„ _¡Óp¡dp„ âh¡i L$ep£. s¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ (s¡ v$¥Ðep¡_p suh° ×[ô$`p \u)

iqL$sk¡_p_p„ i÷p¡ \„cu Nep A_¡ s¡_p¡ DÐkpl Ap¡kfu Nep¡. s¡ kps v$¥Ðep¡_p âcph\u iqL$sAp¡_p¡ DÛd r_óam

\B Nep¡. iqL$sAp¡ ÂpZp¡ âeÐ_ L$f¡ R>¡ Z s¡d_p i÷p¡ \„cu Nep R>¡. dpÓ ðpk g iL$¡ R>¡ Z buSy„> L$iy„ L$fu C

iL$su _\u. s¡ rv$hk¡ Sy>v$p„Sy>v$p„ lr\epfp¡ hX$¡ v$¥Ðep¡ iqL$sk¡_p_¡ peg L$fhp gpÁep„.O

lplpL$pf L$fsu iqL$sAp¡ dp grgsp Açbp pk¡ NB A_¡ p¡L$pf L$fhp gpNu L$¡ Adpfp„ i÷p¡ õs„rcs \B

Nep„ R>¡, iy„ L$fhy„ s¡ kdÅsy„ _\u, A¡d L$lu_¡ fp¡hp gpNu. Ðepf¡ îugrgspv$¡hu_u Apop > v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u A„NfqnL$p \u

v$¡hu eyÝ^c|rddp„ Aphu. Ap v$¡hu_y„ _pd sufkL$fZu v$¡hu lsy„.

sufkL$fZu v$¡hu A„^pfÂpp¡f _pd_p rhdp_dp„ b¡ku_¡ Aphu. s¡Z¡ rhdp_dp„\u iqL$sk¡_p_¡ L$üy„ L$¡ lh¡ ly„

Aphu Ry„>, Ncfpip¡ _tl.

s¡ sufkL$fZu v$¡huA¡ L$pmp„ h÷p¡ l¡ep lsp„. s¡_p ifuf_u L$p„rs íepd lsu. A„^L$pf\u ìepá s¡_p rhdp__p

44

Âpp¡X$p `Z L$pmp f„N_p lsp. s¡_p ^_yóe_y„ _pd hpk„su dp¡l_ lsy„. s¡ ^_yóe_p¡ V„$L$pf L$fsu lsu A_¡ tkl_pv$_u

NS®>_p L$fsu lsu. L$pmu_pN_p kdp_ L$pmp kp` S>¡hp s¡_p bpZ lsp„. s¡ bpZ dyim S>¡hp„ dS>b|s lsp„.

dp¡ _p÷ (hiuL$fZ A÷)_p„ S>¡ bpZ v$¡huA¡ R>p¡X$ep„ s¡_¡ v$¥Ðep¡ kl_ _ L$fu iL$ep„, Ap\u bgplL$ Apqv$ v$¥Ðep¡ ¾$p¡ ¡ l

cfpep.

v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u Apop\u sufkL$fZu v$¡huA¡ A¢^ _pd_y„ A÷ R>p¡X$ey„. bgplL$ Apqv$ S>¡ kps k¡_p`rs lsp„

s¡ k|e®_pfpeZ_p hfv$p_\u DÝ^s \B Nep lsp„. sufkL$fZu v$¡huA¡ A¢^ _pd_p A÷_p âlpf\u s¡ Akyfp¡_u

Ap„Mp¡dp„ S>¡ k|e®_p¡ âhpl lsp¡ s¡ L$pù _p¿ep¡. sufkL$fZu v$¡hu_p dlpA¢^ A÷_p âlpf\u v$¥Ðep¡ Ap„^mp \B

Nep A_¡ s¡d_p„ Qny b„^ \B Nep„. s¡ A¡hp Ap„^mp \ep L$¡ L$p„B Å¡B iL$sp„ _\u. s¡Ap¡_u ×[ô$ Qpgu NB A_¡ s¡\u

i÷p¡ õs„rcs \B Nep.

iqL$sAp¡ tkl_pv$ L$fhp gpNu A_¡ lr\epfp¡ D`pX$u_¡ Âpp¡f eyÝ^ L$fhp gpNu. sufkL$fZu v$¡hu_p fp¾$d\u

iqL$s fpÆ \B_¡ L$ ¡hp gpNu : s¡ vy$fpÐdpAp¡_p¡ sd¡ rsfõL$ f L$ep£ s¡ ep¡Áe S> lsp¡. l¡ v$¡hu sd¡ S> vy$ô$S>_p¡_p„ Ap¡ l p

_¡Óp¡_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmp R>p¡. sd¡ S> Ap v$¥Ðek¡_p_p„ _¡Óp¡_¡ bp„û v$u^p„. l¡ v$¡hu ! sd¡ v$¡hspAp¡_y„ L$pe® kpfu fus¡ L$e. ¯y

S>¡ vy$:M Apìey„ lsy„ s¡_¡ Ad¡ v|$f _ L$fu iL$s. s¡ kps vy$fpQpfu v$¥Ðep¡ sdpfp `fp¾$d\u dpep® S>i¡. s¡ kp„cmu dp

grgsp A„bp M|b S> âkß \i¡. Ap kp„cmu v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu Z âkß \i¡ A_¡ d„ÓuZu v$¡hu fdp_„v$ âpá L$fi¡,

A¡V$g¡ sd¡ s¡ kps v$¥Ðep¡_¡ eyÂ^c|rddp„ dpfp¡ A_¡ s¡d_u ApMu k¡_p_p¡ Ad¡ _pi L$fu _pMuA¡ R>uA¡.

iqL$sAp¡A¡ Ap âdpZ¡ L$üy„ s¡\u sufkL$fZu v$¡hu rhdp_dp„ b¡ku_¡ s¡ bgplL$ Apqv$ v$¥Ðep¡_u kpd¡ Nep. s¡

kps v$¥Ðep¡ v$¡hu_¡ Aphsp„ Å¡B_¡ k|e®_pfpeZ_y„ õdfZ L$fhp gpÁep„. k|e®_pfpeZ_p EN° s¡S>õhu qL$fZp¡

sufkL$fZu v$¡hu_p âcph_¡ L$pfZ¡ v$¥Ðep¡_p _¡Óp¡dp„ âh¡i _lp¡sp„ L$fu iL$sp„. sufkL$fZu v$¡huA¡ bgplL$ v¥Ðe A_¡

s¡_p hpl_ Nu^_p¡ sghpf\u _pi L$fu _p¿ep¡ R>u k|rQdyM v$¥Ðe_u kpd¡ s¡ v$¡hu Nep A_¡ Ë$ui_p âhpl\u s¡_p¡

A„s L$fu _p¿ep¡. buÅ `p„Q v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ `Z v$¡huA¡ A¡ S> fus¡ A„s L$fu_¡ `R>u s¡ v$¡hu Ap_„v$\u _©Ðe L$fhp gpÁep.

dlpdpep sufkL$fZu v$¡hu_p âcph\u bgplL$ Apqv$ v$¥Ðep¡ Ap„^mp \B_¡ R>u v$¡hu_p lp\¡ _pi pçep s¡ Av¹c|s

Apòe®de gugpê$` `fp¾$d NZpe S>¡ L$p¡B \p¡X$p v$¥Ðep¡ bÃep s¡d_¡ bly S> ce gpÁep¡. s¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_y„ ifZ .

dpNhp Nep. c„X$pkyf rhgp` L$fhp gpÁep¡.

®v„$X$_p\p v$¡huA¡ sufkL$fZu v$¡hu_u M|b âi„kp L$fu A_¡ L©$`p_y„ _¡Ó(A\ps¹ cL$sp¡ f L©$`p L$fhp_u iqL$s)

Apù_¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ Myi L$fu. iqL$sk¡_pAp¡ Ap Å¡B_¡ kp^y-kp^y A¡d L$lu_¡ sufkL$fZu v$¡hu_y„ Archpv$_ L$fsp¡

S>e p¡j L$fu lr\epfp¡ g _pQhp gpNu.O C

*Ap âL$fZdp„ hZ®_ L$fpe¡gp„ kps v$¥Ðe k¡_p`rsAp¡ A¡ kps kyÿd EÅ®L$¡ÞÖp¡(káQ¾$)_u iqL$sAp¡_¡

nuZ L$f_pfp kps v$p¡jp¡-rhL$pfp¡ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ ApÝepqÐdL$ âNrs L$fhp BÃR>_pfp kp^L$p¡_¡ âeÐ_ |h®L$ Æshp AphíeL$

R>¡. _uQ¡\u D`f S>sp„ kps Q¾$p¡ A_¡ s¡dp„ fl¡gp„ rhL$pfp¡ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ :- d|gp^pf-L$pd, õhr^›$p_-¾$p¡^,

drZ |f-gp¡c, A_pl -dp¡l, rhiy[Ý^-dv$, Apop-dÐkf(Bjp®) A_¡ kp¥\u D`f_y„ kl÷pf Q¾$ L$¡ S>¡dp„ s

Al„L$pfê$` dlprhL$pf DÐ`ß \pe R>¡ S>¡ kl÷pf Q¾$_p rhðâ¡d A_¡ `fdpÐdp_u °pqáê$` Dßs rhL$pk_¡ Ly„$qW$s

45

L$f_pf dlpiÓy R>¡ L$pfZL$¡ Al„L$pfu ìe[¼s_¡ L$p¡B_p âÐe¡ Z kpQp¡ â¡d A_¡ kv$¹cph_p lp¡B iL$sp _\u A_¡ Äep„

â¡d _\u Ðep„ fdpÐdp_p¡ k„`L®$ \B iL$sp¡ _\u Ap\u fdpÐdp kp\¡ ep¡N Üpfp Å¡X$pZ L$fhp CÃR>_pf kp^L$¡ L$pd,

¾$p¡^, dp¡l, dv$, dÐkf A_¡ Al„L$pfê$ù dlpiÓyAp¡_p¡ sfõL$pf L$fu_¡ s¡d_¡ fprS>s L$fhp_p R>¡, Ap S> gp¡c, q

sufkL$fZu _pd_u iqL$s R>¡. v$p¡jp¡-rhL$pfp¡_¡ Ap¡mMu_¡ s¡_p¡ rsfõL$pf L$fu v$¡hp\u S> `p¡sp_p¡ õhcph v$p¡jdy¼s

\B_¡ `fdpÐdp kp\¡ k„ep¡N L$fhp dpV$¡ ep¡Áe b_¡ R>¡. Aphy„ Ap âL$fZ_y„ ApÂepqÐdL$ kyÿd flõe R>¡. s¡ kps

v$¥Ðep¡(rhL$pfp¡) k|e®_u iqL$s\u bmhp_ b_sp lsp„ s¡_y„ flõe A¡hy„ R>¡ L$¡ Ap kps rhL$pfp¡dp„ fk g¡hp\u Ap`Zp

k|e®ê$ù Æh_bm(ApÐd ¡S>)_p¡ âhpl s¡ rhL$pfp¡_¡ `yô$ L$fhpdp„ hl_ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ Apd \hp\u iqL$sAp¡ nuZ s

\hp gpN¡ R>¡ S>¡ AÐe„s Å¡Mdu R>¡ dpV$¡ EÅ® L$¡ÞÖp¡_u iqL$sAp¡_p fnZ dpV$¡ Ap kps iÓyAp¡_¡ dmsu Ap`Zu

fkh©rÑ_p¡ âhpl fp¡L$u_¡ s¡ v$p¡jp¡_p¡ rsfõL$pf L$fu v$¡hp¡ A¡ S> kp^L$_¡ dpV$¡ ep¡N_u kamsp pdhp dpV$¡_p¡ A¡L$dpÓ

D`pe R>¡.

âL$fZ - 15

rhk„N `gpe_

s`_y„ S>¡_¡ dlp_ bm lsy„ s¡hp kps cpBAp¡_p h^ \ep_y„ kp„cmu_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe, S>¡d k`®_p¡ fpÅ ðpk

g¡sp¡ lp¡e s¡d a|„apX$p dpfhp gpÁep¡. c„X$pkyf p¡sp_p b„_¡ cpBAp¡_¡ bp¡gphu_¡ d„ÓZp L$fhp gpÁep¡. âQ„X$ _yóe^pfu

c„X$pkyf fZc|rddp„ p¡sp_p¡ rhS>e L$¡hu fus¡ \pe s¡_u rhQpfZp L$fhp gpÁep¡. eyhfpS> h kyL$f Z p¡sp_p _p_pu

cpB kp\¡ ¾$p¡^pedp_ \ep¡. c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ _dõL$pf L$fu ÓZ¡ S>Zp d„ÓZpõ\p_dp„ Nep. AÐe„s rls¡ÃR>y d„ÓuAp¡

s\p Ly$V$ugpn Z d„ÓZp L$fhp dpV$¡ kp\dp„ R>¡. iÓy_¡ Æshp dpV$¡ S>¡_y„ lv$e bmu füy„ R>¡ s¡ kgpl L$fhp gpÁep.

c„X$pkyf bp¡ëep¡ : Alp¡ ! Ap AQfS> R>¡ L$¡ v$¡hspAp¡_p iÓyAp¡_p¡ (v$¥Ðep¡_p¡) _pi \hp gpÁep¡. bmhp_

rh^psp Z Adpfu r_óamsp L$fhp Qpl¡ R>¡. dpfp k¡hL$p¡_p _pd kp„cmu_¡ Z v$¡hspAp¡ cpNu S>sp„ lsp„, A¡hp

Ad¡ bmhp_ lp¡hp R>sp„e ApS>¡ Adpfy„ k my„ EgVy„$ \B füy R>¡. ^_hp__¡ ^_frls L$fu v$¡ A_¡ v$uÂpp®eyhpmp_u O „

Aphfv$p V|„$L$u L$fu v$¡ A¡hu b°ûp_u _urs L$ep„ Adpfu cyÅAp¡_y„ bm A_¡ L$ep„ A¡L$ ÷u ! AL$pm¡ rh^pspA¡ Adpfu R>¡.

Mfpb qõ\rs L$fu. kr`®Zu cep_L$ dpephpmu lsu. s¡_y„ dlp_ fp¾$d lsy„. k„N°pdc|rddp„ s¡ _ô$ \B NB. `Z

Adpfu L$¡V$gue k¡_p `Z _ô$ \B NB. A¡ dlp_ d„X$hpmu ÷u M|b dpephu R>¡. Å¡ Apd S> Ap`Zp k¥r L$p¡_¡ O _

dpfsu fl¡ sp¡ Ap`Zu yÅA _p bm_¡ r^½$pf R>¡. Aphu hps L$fsp„ dpfu Æc_¡ gpS> Aph¡ R>¡, L$ep„ A¡ h_usp c p¡

A_¡ L$ep„ dpfu k¡_p iy„ s¡ A„bp S> Adpfp¡ _pi L$fi¡ ? lh¡ s¡_p„ d|m L$p`hp_p¡ âeÐ_ L$fhp¡ Å¡BA¡. d¢ dpfp v|$sp¡\u ?

ÅÎey„ R>¡ dlp_ bmhpmu_p¡ k mp¡ Al¡hpg d¢ kp„cýep¡. s¡ ÷u s¡_u kh® k¡_p\u `pR>m fl¡ R>¡. ApNm k¡_p,O

Op¡X$p,lp\u Apqv$ Qpg¡ R>¡. Aphu `qfqõ\rsdp„ `pR>m\u Ap¾$dZ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡. Ap fus¡ `pR>m\u Ap¾$dZ

L$fhpdp„ qhk„N Qsyf R>¡. s¡ i|fhuf A_¡ dv$dÑ R>¡, ¡ s¡Z¡ Zp„ k„N°pd L$ep® R>¡. „v$f k¡_p`rs s¡_u kp\¡ eyÝ^ A_ O

L$fhp dpV$¡ Åe. pR>m_p cpN¡ s¡ _u kp\¡ A¡V$gu k¡_p _\u. \p¡X$p k¥r_L$p¡ s¡_u fMhpmu L$f¡ R>¡ s¡\u s¡_¡ L$pb|dp„ ÷u

46

g¡hp_u kyNdsp fl¡i¡, dpV$¡ l¡ dv$DÐL$V$ rhk„N, sy„„ Ðep„ S>B_¡ pR>m_p cpN¡\u lydgp¡ L$f. \p¡X$u bmhpmu k¡_p

spfu kp\¡ Åe. qv$N`pgp¡ k¡_p spfu kp\¡ _¡ S>¡ Æshp Nep lsp s¡ v$¥Ðep¡ i÷p¡ pfZ L$fu_¡ Åe. „v$f Anp¥rlZu

Åe. sy„ Nyáh¡i pfZ L$fu s¡ vy$ô$p_¡ L$X$u_¡ dpfu _pM. Ap S> bû iqL$sAp¡_y„ dlp_ d|mc|s Dv$¹Nd R>¡ s¡_p¡ d|m

krls _pi \pe sp¡ bû iqL$sAp¡_p¡ _pi \B S>i¡. S>mdp„\u S>¡d L$dm_y„ d|m DMpX$u _pMuA¡ sp¡ L$dm_p p_

kyL$pB Åe s¡d, s¡ kh£ iqL$sAp¡_p¡ Z _pi \B S>i¡.

iqL$sk¡_p_u kly\u pR>m S>¡ âL$pidp_ f\ Qpg¡ R>¡ A¡ f\ v$i ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡ ka¡v$ dp¡suAp¡_p R>Ó\u

s¡ f\ kyip¡rcs R>¡. A¡dp„ Qpf iqL$sAp¡ Qpdf Y$p¡mu flu R>¡ A_¡ KQu KQu ^ÅAp¡ gpN¡gu R>¡ S>¡ hpv$mp¡_p

d„X$m_¡ Qufu flu R>¡ s¡ f\dp„ s¡ vy$ô$ ÷u, L$¡ S>¡_p„ _¡Óp¡ lfZ S>¡hp„ R>¡ s¡ b¡W$u R>¡ sy„ k„spB_¡ S>B_¡ s¡_¡ `L$X$. s¡ .

vy$fpQpqfZu_¡ sy„ Æs A_¡ hpm L$X$u_¡ s¡_¡ dpfu _pM. s¡_u k¡_pAp¡ sp¡ ApNm Qpgu flu R>¡ A_¡ s¡ bmhpmu ÷u

`pR>m Qpgu flu R>¡. Ðep„ \p¡X$u ÷uAp¡ s¡d_u fnp L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡\u S>gv$u spfp hidp„ \B S>i¡.

O ìl b ¼¹sdpfp klpeL$ S>¡ k¡_p`rsAp¡ R>¡ s¡_p„ _pd kp„cm : dv$_L$, v$u ®Æ , ly L$, lygydygy, L$ gk,

L$¡L$u `ëL$k ² b y ½y$f S©„>cZ i©hpl_, y , y„X$L$¡sy, Q„X$ pl, L$y $, S„>byL$pn, , suÿZ „N, qÓL„$V$L,Q„ÖNyá Ap „v$f k¡_p`rsAp¡

kph^p_ \B eyÝ^dp„ spfu klpesp L$fi¡.

A¡L$ A¡L$ S>Z `„v$f Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_u kp\¡ spfu kp\¡ fl¡i¡. v$d_pqv$ dlp_ bmhpmp k¡_p`rs spfu

kp\¡ fl¡i¡. spfu Qpg_¡ L$p¡B ÅZu _ iL$¡ s¡d Nyá fus¡ S>B_¡ s¡_¡ L$X$u g¡. Ap L$pe®dp„ s_¡ dlp_ S>i dmi¡.l¡

rhk„N, s_¡ DÑd S>e rk[Ý^ dmi¡.

\uAp fus¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ vy$ô$ d„ÓuAp¡ kp\¡ d„ÓZp L$fu, A_¡ k¡_p`rsAp¡ fqns L$fu_¡ rhk„N_¡ dp¡L$ëep¡. îu

grgspv$¡hu_¡ `pR>m\u `L$X$hp_y„ L$phÓy„ L$ey®. eyhfpS> (rhiy$¾$) A_¡ s¡_p¡ _p_p¡ cpB rh , v$¥Ðep¡ kp\¡ rhiyL$f k„N

k|ep®õs \ep¡ Ðepf¡ r_L$ýe .p„

gp¡L$p¡_¡ ce Ap`hphpmp¡ ey$Ý^_p¡ qv$hk |fp¡ \ep¡ Ðepf¡ ÅZ¡ v$¥Ðep¡_u klpesp L$fhp dpV$¡ A„^pfy„ \B Ney„.

`pX$p_p ifuf S>¡hy„, S„>Ng_p L$pmp kyhf S>¡hy„, _ugL„$W$(`nu)_u ¾$p„rs S>¡hy„ ce„L$f A„^pfy„ \B Ney„. L|„$Å¡dp„ ÅZ¡

A„^pfy„ R>hpB füy„ lsy„. `©Õhu_p lÅfp¡ rR>Ö$p¡dp„\u A„^pfy„ _uL$ ey„. `lpX$p¡_u L„$v$fpdp„\u A„^pfy„ _uL$ýey„. ÅZ¡ ý

v$uhp_p âL$pi\u A„^pfy„ Q„Qm \B_¡ cpNhp gpÁey„ lp¡e s¡d A„^pfp X$R>pep _pQsp v$¡Mpsp„ lsp„. S>¡d L$pmu ÷u_p

L$pmp L$`Xpdp„ Ly„$X$m QdL$sp„ lp¡e s¡d L$pmp A„^pfpdp„ L„$BL$ QuÅ¡ QmL$su v$¡MpB flu lsu. dlp_ qv$ipAp¡ ÅZ¡ „

qv$ÁNÅ¡(rv$ipAp¡_p lp\uAp¡) A_¡ `h®sp¡ S>¡hp L$pmp A„^L$pf\u R>hpB NB lsu. gugp gugp pk S¡hy„ A„^pfy„ O

\ey„. íepdhp_ „qL$sAp¡dp„ ÅZ¡ A„^pfy„ âh¡i L$fu füy„ R>¡. A¡d ¾$d¡ ¾$d¡ M|b S> ce„L$f A„^L$pf R>hpB Nep¡.

fpqÓA¡ ÅZ¡ L$pmp„ h÷p¡ pfZ L$ep¯. [ A„^L$pf\u R>hpB Ney„. L$p„B v$¡Mpsy„ _\u A¡hy„ \B füy. hð „

Akyfp¡ A_¡ vy$ô$ fpnkp¡_¡ fpqÓ_p¡ kde bm Ap ¡ R>¡. Akyfp¡_p¡ dpeprhõspf fpÓudp„ S> h^¡ R>¡.

dlpbmhp_ rhk„N_u kp\¡ k¡_p Qpgu flu R>¡. s¡_p MX$¹N(sghpfp¡) ka¡v$ QmL$u flu R>¡. ÅZ¡ h¡guAp¡_u R>pe p

R>¡. v$d_ Apqv$ k¡_p`rsAp¡A¡ íepdf„N_p L$p„V$phpmp L$hQ A_¡ íepdf„N_p h÷p¡ l¡ep® R>¡. íepd a¢V$p bp„Ýep R>¡.

s¡dZ¡ ^pfZ L$f¡gy„ k my„ íepd f„N_y„ S> R>¡. dlp_ A„^L$pfdp„ s¡Ap¡ ÅZ¡ A¡L$ê$` \B Ne . (A¡V$g¡ L$¡ íepdf„Nu O p„

`p¡ipL$_¡ L$pfZ¡ A„^pfpdp„ cmu Nep„.

47

c„X$pkyf_¡ _dõL$pf L$fu b^p„ v$¥Ðep¡ rhk„N_u `pR>m Nep. R>mL$`V$\u dl¡ðfu_¡ Æshp dpV$¡ Qpëep.

d¡ X$çbf _pd_y„ L$hQ `l¡ey¯ R>¡. fpqÓ_p A„^pfpê$` s¡d_p¡ h¡i R>¡. k¡_pAp¡A¡ `Z L$pmp„ hõÓp¡ ^pfZ L$ep® R>¡. Op„

_ rS„>Npfp„,hpÅ„ d©v„$N A¡hp L$p¡B`Z hp Óp¡ hpNsp„ _\u. `Z`, Ap_L$,c¡fu S>¡hp L$p¡B`Z eyÝ^_p hpÅAp¡_p¡

AhpS> Aphsp¡ _\u. Nyàs fus¡ A„^L$pf_p AphfZ _uQ¡ k¡_pAp¡ Qpgu flu R>¡. iÓyk¡_p„ s¡Ap¡_u Nrs_¡ _\u

ÅZsu. îu grgspv$¡hu_u uW$ sfa v$¥Ðep¡_u k¡_p S>B flu R>¡.

`l¡gp DÑf sfa \B_¡ R>u |h® sfa \B - udp Ng¡, ðpk \„cphu_¡ v$¥Ðep¡ S>B füp R>¡. s¡Ap¡ îudpsp

grgsp A„bp_¡ L$X$hp dpV$¡ AÐe„s kph^p_ \u Qpgu füp R>¡. sAp¡ uf¡ uf¡ Ngp„ dp„X$¡ R>¡ L$p¡B |R>¡ sp¡ A¡d S> u ¡

L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ îu grgspv$¡hu_u S> Ap k¡_p R>¡. Ap fus¡ s¡Ap¡ Q¾$fpS> f\_p pR>m_p cpNdp„ Aphu Nep.

Q¾$fpS> f\ d¡ê$ A_¡ d„v$fpQg h®s S>¡hp¡ KQp¡ lsp¡. âL$pidp_ iqL$sk¡_pAp¡\u Âp¡fpe¡gp¡ s¡ f\ s¡Ap¡A¡

Å¡ep¡. cNhsu_p R>Ó\u s¡ f\ Y„$L$pe¡gp¡ lsp¡. lÅfp¡ k|ep£_p âL$pi S>¡hu v$¡huAp¡_p„ dyM [òd sfa R>¡.

© ÙL$pd¡ðfu Apqv$ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡, S>¡d_u kdq grgspv$¡hu S>¡hu S> R>¡ s¡ lpõerhgpk Üpfp DÑd f\dp„

cNhsu_u k¡hp L$fu flu R>¡ Ap âdpZ¡ s¡ kde_u qõ\rs lsu. v$¡hu_y„ dlpk¥Þe |h®qv$ipdp„ A\p®s ApNm_p cpN¡

lsy„. Mp¡V$u Apiphpmp rhk„N¡ Q¾$fpS> f\_u `pR>m_p cpNdp„ `p¡sp_u k¡_p A¡L$W$u L$fu guû. ArZdp Apqv$

iqL$sAp¡ dp grgspA„bp_p¡ S>e S>eL$pf L$fu flu lsu.(s¡_p¡ Âhr_ k„cmpB füp¡ lsp¡.) s¡ S> kde¡ `Ë$ui,

v$|^Z, c]v$u`pg, cyky„X$u hN¡f¡ Apey^p¡_p L$W$p¡f hÇ>`ps S>¡hp AhpS> kp\¡ s¡ v$¥Ðep¡ i÷p¡ hX$¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp Ðep„

AQp_L$ Aphu lp¢Ãep. rh`fus ApL$qõdL$ fus¡ vy$ô$p¡_p lydgp\u i[¼sAp¡_p Ap_„v$_p¡ c„N \C Nep¡. hpsphfZ

\B Ney„. f\dp„ S>¡ iqL$sAp¡ lsu s¡ ÅN©s \B NB. A„^L$pfdp„ A÷p¡ i÷p¡_u hjp® \hp gpNu. Q¾$fpS> f\_p _hdp „

`h®dp„ S>¡ v$¡huAp¡ fl¡su lsu s¡ ksL®$ \B NB. A„^pfpdp„ A×íe bpZ A_¡ i÷p¡\u v$¥Ðep¡A¡ Ap¾$dZ L$ey¯ lsy„.

iqL$sAp¡A¡ L$hQ _lp¡sp„ l¡ep®„ s¡dS> i÷p¡ Z pfZ _lp¡sp„ L$ep¯. iqL$sAp¡_y„ d„X$m dp grgsp A„bp ¡ p¡L$pfhp _

gpÁey„. f\_u pR>m_u bpSy>A¡\u dlp_ ce DÐ`ß \ep¡. dp grgsp A„bp ¡ hps kp„cmu, s¡d_¡ dlp_ ¾$p¡^ \ep¡.A

¹Ap S> kde¡ c„X$ A_¡ Q„X$ L$¡ S>¡ b„ß¡ v$¥Ðep¡ vy$d®rsAp¡_p „qX$s R>¡ A\p®s vy$ô$ ep¡S>_pAp¡ L$fhpdp„ r_`yZ R>¡

s¡dZ¡ v$i Anp¥rlZu k¡_pAp¡ krls Ly$V$ugpn k¡_p`rs_¡ ApNm_p cpN¡\u Ap¾$dZ L$fhp dp¡L$ëep¡, s¡

grgspv$¡hu_p k¥Þe_p¡ _pi L$fhp _uL$ýep¡.

Of\_u pR>m_p cpN¡ lydgp¡ \ep\u Ðep„ iqL$sAp¡A¡ S>e p¡j (eyÝ^_p¡ _pv$) L$ep£. s¡ kp„cmu_¡ ApNm_p

cpN¡ fl¡gy„ v$¡hu_y„ dlpk¥Þe s¡d_u dv$v$ L$fhp pR>m_p cpN¡ _ lp¢Qu Åe s¡_p dpV$¡ Ly$V$ugpn kp u eyÝ^ L$fhp d¡\

Aphu lp¡„Ãep¡. Aphu fus¡ ApNm A_¡ pR>m bß¡ bpSy> eyÝ^ \hp gpÁey„. AÐe„s ce„L$f eyÝ^ \ey„.

fpnkp¡_y„ bm fpqÓdp„ h^pf¡ lp¡e R>¡. s¡Ap¡ A„^L$pf\u Aph©Ñ (Y„$L$pe¡gp„) lsp„. s¡dZ¡ iqL$s_u k¡_p_¡

rir\g L$fu _pMu (A\p®s¹ \L$hu _p„Mu) Mp¡V$u Apiphpmp rhk„N A_¡ v$d_ _pd_p k¡_p`rsA¡ k¡_p_¡ ApNm L$fu

ce„L$f Ap¾$dZ L$ey®. v$¥Ðep¡_p i÷p¡_u dpmp ¹ O(A\p®s ¡fph\u) Q¾$fpS> f\ Aph©Ñ \B Nep¡. S>¡hu fus¡ hpv$mp„\u

`lpX$ Y„$L$pB Åe s¡hy„ s¡ ×íe lsy„. rhk„N vy$fpÐdpA¡ f\_u _uQ¡ Ecp flu_¡ A¡L$ bpZ dpey¯. cNhsu_p¡ spX$_p¡ „Mp¡ sp¡X$u _p¿ep¡. „Mp_p

48

s|V$hp\u iqL$sd„X$m np¡rcs \B Ney„. s¡d_p d_dp„ Ar_ô$_u Api„L$p DÐ`ß \B NB .¡ L$pd¡ðfu Apqv$ S>¡ R>

r_ÐepAp¡ R>¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ dlp_ ¾$p¡^ \ep¡. dp grgsp A„bp_u c°yL$yqV$ Óp„k \e¡gu s¡Ap¡A¡ Å¡B. Ap\u r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_p u

d_dp„ Dv¹h¡N \ep¡. r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ kde_u v$¡huAp¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ âÐen L$pmõhê$ R>¡. kpd°pou_p¡ ¾$p¡^ Å¡B s¡Ap¡ eyÝ^

dpV$¡ s¥epf \B. dlpfpZu grgsp A„bp_¡ °Zpd L$fu_¡ AQp_L$ Ap¾$dZ_p vy$:M\u Nv¹Nv$¹ hp u\u r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ Z

bp¡gu : l¡ dlpfpZu, sd¡ S>¡ ApN _p cpN¡ k¡_pdp¡L$gu R>¡ s¡ k¡_pAp¡ v„„$X$_p\p A_¡ d„Óu_p\p dlpiqL$sAp¡\u m

kyfrns lp¡hp\u s¡_u kpd¡ sp¡ Ap v$¥Ðep¡ gX$u iL$sp„ _\u. s¡\u s¡Ap¡ lh¡ L$`V$eyÝ^ L$fhp„ dp„X$ep R>¡. pR>m\u eyÝ^ L$fu

Q¾$fpS> f\_¡ Æshp_u s¡Ap¡_u BÃR>p R>¡. A„^L$pf_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡ v$¡Mpsp„ _\u. s¡ v$¡hspAp¡_p Öp¡lu v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ Âpd„X$

Ad¡ v|$f L$fuiy„. hø¹r_hprk_u(Aq‚hprk_u) A_¡ S>hpgpdprg_u v$¡huAp¡ Å¡ âL$pi L$f¡ sp¡ s¡ v$¡hspAp¡_p Öp¡lu

Å¡hpdp„ Aph¡. pR>m\u Ap¾$dZ L$fhphpmp_p¡ fpch L$fu iuÂp° sdpfu k¡hpdp„ Ad¡ Aphu S>Biy„. l¡ dlpfpZu !

Ad_¡ Ap vy$fpÐdpAp¡_p¡ _pi L$fhp dpV$¡ Apop Ap`p¡. pdp grgsp A„bpA¡ L$üy„ : A¡hy„ S> L$fp¡. L$pd¡ðfu r_Ðe A¡ dp grgsp A„bp_¡ âZpd L$fu `p¡sp_p„

^_yóebpZ QX$phu gu^p„. âps:L$pm_p k|e® S>¡hp„ âL$pris s¡ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_p„ dyM lsp„. r_Ðepv¡huAp¡ bp¡gu : Af¡

`pùAp¡ \p¡Xuhpf Ecp flp¡. sdpfu dpe _¡ A ¡ _ô$ L$fuA¡ R>uA¡. A„^pfpdp„ L$`V$ eyÝ^ L$fhphpmpAp¡ Ecp flp¡ - p d

Ap âdpZ¡ L$lu_¡ cp\pdp„ suf cfu_¡ _yóe D`f bpZ QY$phu_¡ bû r_ÐepAp¡ f\_u _uQ¡ Esfu. Ähpgpdprg_u A_¡ hø¹r_hprk_u(Aq‚hprk_u) r_ÐepAp¡A¡ `p¡sp_p¡ âL$pi a¡gpìep¡ s¡\u eyÝ^d¡v$p_dp„

âL$pi a¡gpB Nep¡ A_¡ v$¥Ðep¡ v$¡Mpep. eyÝ^c|rddp„ âL$pi \ep¡ A_¡ v$¥Ðep¡ v$¡Mphp gpÁep s¡\u v$¥Ðep¡ ¾$p¡^¡ cfpZp. „v$f

k¡_p`rsAp¡ A_¡ „v$f r_ÐepAp¡ kpdkpd¡ rk„l_pv$ L$fhp gpÁep. eyÝ^k¡_pdp„ S>e p¡j \hp gpÁep. ÅZ¡ d„v$fpQm O

`h®s\u kdyÖ_y„ d„\_ \pe A_¡ S>¡hp¡ AhpS> Aph¡ s¡hp¡ p¡j \hp gpÁep¡. r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ bpZ QX$ph¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡d_p O

lp\_p L„$L$Zp¡_p¡ AhpS> Aph¡ R>¡. _yj M¡„Qu bpZ a¢L$u flu R>¡. ÓZ âlf kyû eyÝ^ Qpëey„. r_ÐepAp¡_p„ suÿZ

bpZp¡\u v$¥Ðep¡_u „v$f Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_p¡ _pi \ep¡.

.)(lh¡ „v$f v$¥Ðek¡_p`rsAp¡_¡ „v$f r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡A¡ dpep® s¡d_p„ _pd L$l¡ R>¡ v$d_vy$ô$_¡ L$pd¡iuA¡ dpep£,

v$uÂp®Æ k¡_p`rs_¡ cNdpgpA¡ dpep£, r_Ðe L$g _pA¡ lybL$ v$¥Ðe_¡ dpep£, c¡fy„X$pA¡ lygdyg v$¥Ðe_¡ dpep£, ìl q Þ y yL$

hø¹r_hprk_uA¡ L$ k_¡ dpep£, d p hÇ>ð¡fuA¡ L$¡L$u _¡ dpep£, rihvy$suA¡ y L$ v$¥Ðe_¡ edgp¡L$ dp¡L$gu v$u^ ¼¹g l hpl_ ë k p¡,

`y„X$L$¡sy_¡ Ðhfuspv$¡huA¡ dpep£, Ly$gk„yv$fuA¡ QX$ p y$_¡ dpep£, r_ÐepA¡ Ly$ f_¡ dpep£, _ug`spL$pA¡ S>çbyL$pn_¡ dpep¡®, ² „ b l ½y$

rhÄepA¡ S>cZ v$¥Ðe_¡ dpep¡®, kh®d„NgpA¡ suÿZ „N_¡ dpep£, Ähpgpdprg_uA¡ v$¥Ðe_¡ dpep£ A_¡ ©„ i© qÓL„$V$L$

Q„ÖNyá_¡ rQÓpA¡ dpep£ - Ap fus¡ kh® k¡_p`rsAp¡ dpep® Nep. O mprhk„N v$¥Ðe _Nf\u blpf _uL$ýep¡. b¡ X$u fpÓu_u bpL$u flu. Mp¡V$p d_hp rhk„N¡ L$`V$\u r_ÐepAp¡

kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$ey¯. `f„sy Ap r_ÐepAp¡ ¡ _rl Æsu iL$pe A¡hy„ S>Zp p rhk„N cpÁep¡. L$pd¡ðfu v$¡hu_p bpZp¡\u s¡_y„ _ s

dS>b|s L$hQ s|V$u Ney„ A_¡ bQ¡gp \p¡X$p k¥r_L$p¡_¡ gB_¡ _Nfdp„ cpNu Apìep¡. Ap vy$ô$ rhk„N v$¥Ðe_¡ Ap r_ÐepAp¡A¡ dpep£ _rl `f„sy v„$X$_p\p_p L$pmv„$X$ S>¡hp bpZp¡\u rhk„N_p¡ _pi

\i¡.(s¡_p¡ h©Ñp„s R>u Aphi¡) c„X$_p¡ cpB (rhk„N) cpÁep¡. fpÓu |fu \B NB. cpNu Ne¡gp_u pR>m S>hy„ s¡ W$uL$ _ lsy„ s¡d rhQpfu

49

Ap Okde¡ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ eyÝ^\u r_h©s \B NB. v$¥Ðep¡A¡ iqL$sAp¡_¡ eyÝ^dp„ peg L$fu lsu, s¡hu s¡ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡

A_¡ iqL$sk¡_p eyÝ^dp„ S>e pdu_¡ âkß \B s\p grgsp A„bp pk¡ S>B_¡ s¡d_¡ âZpd L$ep®.

Ap fus¡ s¡ fpqÓ_p ce„L$f eyÝ^ `R>u dp grgsp A„bpA¡ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_p ê$`(v$¡Mph) A_¡ ifuf_p Âpph

Å¡ep„, s\p r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_p dyM¡ eyÝ^_p¡ h©Ñp„s kp„cýep¡, Ðepfbpv$ dp grgsp A„bpA¡ s¡ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_u kpd¡ A¡hu

(Ad©s hrj®Zu) v$[ô$ L$fu L$¡ S>¡\u Or_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_p ph A_¡ gp¡lu, b^y„ S> v|$f \B Ney„ A_¡ `l¡gp„ S>¡hu S> s¡

r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ (õhõ\) \B NB. r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_p fp¾$d\u dp grgsp A„bp_¡ M|b Ap_„v$ \ep¡.

* Ap âL$fZdp„ A„^L$pf_p õhê$` S>¡hp „v$f v$¥Ðe k¡_p`rsAp¡_y„ hZ®_ Aph¡ R>¡ Ap k¡_p`rsAp¡ dpep_p

AphfZ,Aop_,Al„L$pf, sdp¡NyZ hN¡f¡ A„^L$pf\u cf¡gp„ gp¡L$p¡_y„ suL$ R>¡. Aphp gp¡L$p¡dp„ ApÐdõhê$` A_¡ â

`fdpÐdp_p op__p¡ Acph lp¡e R>¡, s¡\u s¡d_u ApÐdÄep¡rs_¡ L$pmp A„^L$pf_y„ AphfZ lp¡e R>¡. Apd lp¡hp\u

s¡d_¡ A„^pfpdp„ rhQfsp v$¥Ðep¡_u D`dp Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡. „v$f r_Ðepv$¡huA¡ „v$f rs\uAp¡_u v$¡huAp¡ R>¡ A\p®s¹

kde_y„ âsuL$ R>¡. s¡ v$¡huAp¡ kde_u BðfuAp¡ R>¡, A_¡ S>¡ kp^L$-cL$sp¡ `p¡sp_p ApÐdõ ê$`_¡ v$p¡jp¡_p h

AphfZ\u dyL$s, r_d®g v$`®Z S>¡hy„ b_ph¡ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡dp„ `fdpÐdp_y„ õ`ô$ ârstbb Tugpe s¡hp kpQp

rkÝêp¡NuAp¡_¡ kdepsus A\p®s¹ AS>f-Adf L$fu v$¡ R>¡ `f„sy Aop_ A_¡ rdÕep Al„L$pf_p A„^L$pfdp„ c°dsp

sdpd gp¡L$p¡_p¡ Ap rs\uê$`p, kde_u Bðfu r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ A„s¡ rh_pi L$fu v$¡ R>¡. Ap\u ApÐdâL$pi_u Mp¡S> A_¡

A_yk„^p_, kp^L$_¡ kde_u Akfp¡\u dyL$s L$fu iL¡ R>¡ s¡hy„ Ap âL$fZdp„ Nl_ flõe R>¡.

âL$fZ - 16

c„X$`yÓ h^

bmhp_ Ly$V$ugpn v$i Anp¥rlZu k¡_pAp¡ krls v„$X$_p\p_p suÿZ bpZp¡\u ce pdu_¡ cpNu Nep¡. Ap

h©Ñp„s kp„cmu c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe M|b S> ¾$p¡r^s \ep¡. v$¡hspAp¡_p Öp¡lu_p¡ (v$¥Ðep¡_p¡) fpÓu_p¡ k„N°pd kp„cmu_¡ v„$X$_p\ p

A_¡ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_¡ ¼¹g¡i \ep¡. Alp¡ v$¥Ðep¡ Üpfp dlpv$¡hu_¡ Ap dlp_ L$ô$ âpá \ey„. Ap`Z¡ kdÄep hNf v|$f

lsp„. k¡_p Üpfp dlpQ¾$fpS> f\_y„ fnZ _ \ey„. Aphp¡ dp¡L$p¡ S>p¡B v$¥Ðep¡A¡ lydgp L$ep®. Q¾$fpS> f\dp„ iy„ iy„ bÞey„

li¡ ? dlpfpZuA¡ eyÝ^ L$ey¯ li¡ ? iy„ buÅ v$¡huAp¡A¡ Q¾$fpS> f\dp„ eyÝ^ L$ey® li¡ ? v„$X$_p\p A_¡ d„Óu_p\pA¡ L$üy„

L$¡ Ðep„ v$edp„ iy„ Qpgu füy„ R>¡? Aphu (Q¾$fpS> f\dp„) S>C_¡ Å¡hy„ Å¡CA¡ L$¡ Ðep„ iy„ Qpgu füy„ R>¡ ? dlpv$¡hu_p ù

i„L$pAp¡\u ey¼s d_hpmp v„$X$_p\pv$¡hu d„Óu_p\p_¡ ApNm L$fu dp grgsp A„bp pk¡ Nep.

i[¼sQ¾$_u k¡_p `rs v$¡huAp¡A¡ d„Óu_p\p A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡huAp¡_u |Å L$fu. fpÓu |fu \B NB s¡\u

Q¾$fpS> f\_u v$¡huAp¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f f\ afsu Np¡W$hpB NB. d„Óu_p\ A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡huAp¡ p¡sp_p hpl_ f\u Esfu p

A_¡ `p¡sp_u k¡_p_¡ _uQ¡ fpMu, QL$°fpS> f\ D`f NB. TX$`\u _h `h® `pf L$fu _p¿ep„ A_¡ v$f¡L$ `h®_u

i[¼sAp¡A¡ s¡d_¡ s¡-s¡ h®_p¡ hÑp„s L$lu k„cmpìep¡.©

50

d„Óu_p\p A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡huAp¡A¡ dlpfpZu pk¡ lp¢Qu_¡ Aô$p„N âZpd L$ep®, A_¡ bp¡gu : l¡ A„rbL$¡,

Adpfp\u dp¡V$u c|g \B NB. vy$ô$ v$¥Ðep¡A¡ L$`V$eyÝ^\u Ap¡tQsp¡ lydgp¡ L$ep£. vy$fpQpfu vy$ô$ v$¥Ðep¡ kpdkpdp eyÝ^\u sp¡

X$f¡ R>¡. L$`V$_p hl¡hpf\u p¡s¡ S>e âpá L$fhp dp„N¡ R>¡. v$¥h\u, âpfå^\u(A\p®s¹ kpfp _kub¡) dlpfZu_p A„Ndp„

v$¡hspAp¡_p h¡fuAp¡(v$¥Ðep¡) Üpfp L$p¡B`Z suf hpÁey„ _lu s¡\u dlpfpZu Ærhs füp. l¡ dlpfpZu! sdpfp„

QfZp¡_p¡ Apîe gB Ad¡ kh® Æhu füp„ R>uA¡ A_¡ Adpfp d_p¡f\ kam L$fu füp R>uA¡. (`fõ`f L$l¡ R>¡ ) lh¡

Adpf¡ dlpfpZu_p A„N_u fnp L$fhp_u ìehõ\p L$fh X$i¡. v$¥Ðep¡ M|b S> dpephu R>¡ dpV$¡ iy„ L$fhy„ s¡ _½$u L$fhp u

d„ÓZp L$fhu Å¡Bi¡.

v|$rh`rÑ_¡ f L$fhp dpV$¡ rh`rÑL$pmdp„ d„ÓZp L$fu_¡ D`pe ep¡S>_p L$fhu Å¡BA¡ s¡hp¡ by[Ý^dp_p¡_p¡ ds R>¡.

Ap`Z¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe D`f rhS>e d¡mhhp dpV$¡ L$p¡B ep¡S>_p L$fhu Å¡BA¡. Ap`Z¡ ¡hu ìehõ\p L$fhu Å¡BA¡ L$¡ A

v$¥Ðep¡ Ap`Zu k¡_pdp„ L$ep„e\u Z Âp|k _ iL$¡ A_¡ L$`V$eyÝ^ _ L$fu iL$¡. Ap dpV$¡ v$qnZ qv$ipdp„ d„v$fp g h® _u u Q s

s pm¡V$udp„ kp¡ ep¡S>_ gp„bu R>phZu _pMhu, A_¡ k¡_p_ fnZ dpV$¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f afsp¡ Aq‚ bm¡ s¡hu ìehõ\p L$fhu.

Adpfu k¡_p vy$ô$p¡_p¡ _pi L$fhp dpV$¡ s¡dp„ fl¡ s¡hu ep¡S>_p L$fhu Å¡BA¡ kp¡ ep¡S>__u c|rd(qL$‰p_u A„v$f) hÃQ¡

Aphhu Å¡BA¡ ¡dp„ Adpfu k¡_p flu iL$¡. Aq‚ L$p¡V$_p¡ v$fhpÅ¡ v$rnZ qv$ip sfa fpMhp¡ Å¡BA¡. iÓyAp¡_y„ _Nf s

v$rnZ qv$ipdp„ S> R>¡ S>ep Aq‚ âNV$phhpdp„ Aph¡ Ðep„ M|b i[¼sAp¡ i÷p¡ A÷p¡ krls fM¡hpmu L$f¡. S>¡ L$p¡B

blpf Åe L$¡ A„v$f Åe s¡ b^p_u |fu`|fu s`pk fpM¡ s¡ iqL$sAp¡ Apmk A_¡ t_Öp frls \B_¡ Ap L$pe® L$f¡. .

Aphu ìehõ\p L$fhp\u v$yô$p¡ L$`V$eyÝ^ _l] L$fu iL$¡ A_¡ Ah¡mpA¡ L$¡ k„Ýep A\hp fpqÓdp„ s¡d_y„ Ap¾$dZ AiL$e

b_u S>i¡. Aphu ìehõ\p _l] L$fuA¡ sp¡ vy$ô$ dpephu v$¥Ðep¡ S>¡d ^_-kyhZ® Apqv$ g|„V$u Åe R>¡ s¡d Å¡sÅ¡ pdp„ s

Ap`Zu k¡_p_p¡ Z _pi L$fu _pMi¡.

d„Óu_p\p A_¡ v„$Y$_p\p v$¡hu_u Aphu hpZu kp„cmu, dp¡su S>¡hu v„$s`qL$sAp¡\u ip¡cpedp_ dyMhpmp îu

grgsp A„bp bp¡ëep : sd¡ S>¡ kgpl Apù s¡ sd¡ î¡›$ by[Ý^\u Apù R>¡. sd¡ bsph¡gp¡ dpN® by[Ý^dp_p¡A¡ r_[òs

L$f¡gp¡ î¡›$ dpN® R>¡. Ap S> k_ps_ _urs R>¡. `l¡gp„ Ap`Zu k¡_p_y„ ×Y$ kp^_p¡\u fnZ L$fu, `R>u buÆ k¡_p

D`f QY$pB L$fu eyÝ^ L$fhy„ s¡ S> Æs dmhhp_u _urs R>¡ ( Ap S> fus¡ ApÂepqÐdL$ rhL$pk L$fhp BÃR>sp kp^L$p¡A¡ ¡

`Z l¡gp„ p¡sp_p ks¹ rhQpfp¡_¡ kpfu fus¡ ×Y$ L$fu g¡hp Å¡BA¡. A¡L$p„shpkdp„ p¡sp_p õhcph_¡ kpfu fus¡ ky^pfu

gB_¡ dS>b|s kÞdpN®Npdu d_p¡bm b_phu g¡hy„ Å¡BA¡ A_¡ R>u S> S>Nsdp„ a¡gpe¡gp A^d®_¡ v|$f L$fu kv¹^d®_u

õ\p`_p L$fhp_p âepkdp„ ApNm h^hy„ Å¡BA¡, Ap S> A^d® D`f ^d®_p¡ rhS>e \B iL$¡ s¡_p dpV$¡_p¡ Av$¹cys

D`pe R>¡).

Ap fus¡ dp grgsp A„bpA¡ d„Óu_p\p A_¡ v„$X_p\p v$¡hu_¡ A_ydp¡v$_ Apù_¡ R>u Ähpgpdprg_u _pd_u

r_Ðev$¡hu_¡ bp¡gphu_¡ s¡_¡ L$üy„ : l¡ yÓu, sy„ Aq‚ê$` R>¡. Ähpgpdpgp S>¡hy„ spfy„ ê$` R>¡. Adpfu dlpk¡_p_u sy„ fnp

L$f. kp¡ ep¡S>_ rhõspfhpmu c|rd_u Qpf¡ sfa A_¡ Óuk ep¡S>_ KQu Ähpgpê$` rv$hpg sy„ \B Å. A¡L$ ep¡S>__p¡

v$fhpÅ¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ Qpf¡ L$p¡f bmsu fl¡. hsy®mpL$pf¡ Ähpmpê$` \B_¡ ApMu iqL$sk¡_p_u sy„ fnp L$f.

pZ¡îu grgsp A„bpA¡ Ähpgpdprg_u r_Ðep_¡ A¡ âd Lüy„ s\p Ähpgpdprg_u v$¡huA¡ dl¡ÞÖ`h®s_p DÑf

51

cpN\u Qpghp_u (A\p®s¹ Aq‚Q¾$ fQhp_u) iê$Aps L$fhu A¡hu k|Q_p Apù. r_Ðepv$¡hu Ähpgpõhê$`p S> R>¡.

Ähpgpdprg_u Qp¥v$i_u rs\u R>¡. s¡Z¡ dp grgsp A„bp_¡ âZpd L$ep®, A_¡ S>¡ õ\m dp grgsp A„bpA¡ bspìey„

lsy„ Ðep„\u iê$Aps L$fu_¡ dl¡ÞÖ h®s_u Apk`pk Np¡m Ly„$X$pmp S>¡hp¡ Aq‚_u v$uhpgê$` qL$‰p¡ b_phu v$u^p¡. Ap

Aq‚_u g`V$p¡ ApL$piè®s `lp¢Qsu lsu Qpf¡L$p¡f Aq‚ bm p¡ v$¡MpB füp¡ lsp¡. v„$X$_p\p A_¡ d„Óu_p\p_u s

k¡_pAp¡ v|$f\u Aphu fl¡gu v$¡MpB flu lsu. buÆ ÓZ iqL$sk¡_pAp¡A¡ k„L$V$ frls Aq‚qL$‰pdp„ âh¡i L$ep£. s¡dp„

L$p¡B`Z Ås_p¡ ce _ lsp¡. v„$X$_p\p v$¡huA¡ Q¾$fpS> f\_¡ s¡ qL$‰p_u hÃQ¡ fp¿ep¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_p f\ X$pbu bpSy>

fp¿ep¡ s\p S>dZu bpSy> íepdgp v$¡hu_p¡ f\ fp¿ep¡. `pR>m_p cpNdp„ k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu_p¡ f\ fp¿ep¡. ApNm_p

cpNdp„ Aðê$Y$pv$¡hu_p¡ f\ fp¿ep¡. k¡_pAp¡ krls f\p¡ Np¡W$hpep. Q¾$fpS> f\_u Qpf¡L$p¡f k¡_pAp¡ krls f\p¡

Np¡W$ìep. v$fhpÅdp„ huk Anp¥rlZu k¡_p krls õ\„rcZu v$¡hu_¡ fp¿ep. Ap õ „r Zuv$¡hu v„$X$_p\p_u hv$_v$¡hu \ c

R>¡. s¡d_p i÷p¡ âL$pris \B füp R>¡. Ap âdpZ¡ ÓZuv$¡huA¡ rirbf_u Np¡W$hZ L$fu A_¡ k|e®_pfpeZ_p¡ Dv$e d„q

\pe A_¡ eyÝ^ iê$ \pe s¡ l¡gp„ bû s¥epfuAp¡ L$fu guû. Q¾$f\_u dlpk¡_pAp¡A¡ S>e p¡j L$ep£.O

âcps \sp„ S> Aq‚ âpL$pf(qL$‰p)_p Üpf\u dlp_ S>eÂpp¡j L$fsu k¡_pA¡ eyÝ^ dpV$¡ âõ\p_ L$ey®. Ap

sfa, grgsp A„bp_u kh® sfa_u kyfnp ìehõ\p rhi¡ kp„cmu c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe tQspdp„ `X$u Nep¡.

Ly$V$ugpn,rhk„N,rhiyL$f A_¡ `p¡sp_p `yÓp¡ kp\¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ d„ÓZp L$fu. A¡L$v$d Å¡fv$pf Ap¾$dZ L$fhp dpV$¡

Qsybp®ly Apqv$ `yÓp¡_p Qpf kd|l R>¡ S>¡ eyÝ^ L$fhpdp„ M|b S> Ly$im R>¡ s¡_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ bp¡gphu eyÝ^ L$fhp

dp¡L$ëep. c„X$pkyf âQ„X$ ¾$p¡^\u kmNu füp¡ R>¡.

c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p Óuk yÓp¡ R>¡. S>¡ dp¡V$u L$pep A_¡ dlpbmhpmp R>¡, s¡d_p„ _pd L$ly„ Ry„>, l¡ ANõÐe sd¡

lh¡ s¡ kp„cmp¡ : Qsybp®ly, QL$p¡fpn, Qsyiufp, hÇ>Âpp¡j, DÝh®L$¡iu, dlpL$pe, dlpl_y,d iÓy, d õL„$v$u, M M

tklÂpp¡j, rifpgL$, gX$y_, ` k¡_, `yfpÆs, `|h®dp L$, õhN®iÓy, õhN®bgp¡, vy$Np® , õhN® L„$V$L$, dpe, Ë$ f ¿e b©lÞ

Arsdpe, D`dpe - Ap A_¡ Aphp c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p vy$ô$ A_¡ hue®hp_ `yÓp¡ R>¡. r sp_p S>¡hp c|S>bmhpmp, r`sp

S>¡hp ifufhpmp A¡hp `yÓp¡A¡ Aphu_¡ cqL$s |h®L$ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ âZpd L$ep®.c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ õ_¡lcep® _¡Óp¡\u

s¡Ap¡_¡ Å¡B_¡ Nh®`yh®L$ Ly$mÂppsL$ c„X$pkyf bp¡ëep¡ : l¡ dpfp yÓp¡ ! sdpfp kdp_ ©Õh dp„ L$p¡Z R>¡ ? sdpfp bm\u u

`|h®L$pmdp„ d¢ kdõs k„kpf_¡ ÆÐep¡ lsp¡. BÞÖ, Aq‚, ed, _uF$rs, hê$ - A¡ b^p„_p hpm L$X$u_¡ eyÝ^c|rddp„ © Z

sd¡ M¡„Ãep lsp„. sd¡ k„`|Z® A÷i÷_¡ ÅZp¡ R>¡ dpephur_ grgsp _pd_u L$p¡B ÷u eyÝ^dp„ vy$dv$ R>¡. p¡sp_p S>¡hu ®

M|b ÷uAp¡ krls s¡ Adpfp¡ _pi L$fu flu R>¡, s¡_¡ sd¡ S>ê$f\u eyÝ^dp„ hidp„ L$fu g¡ip¡.

Æ .sdpfp Aq‚ S>¡hp„ i÷p¡\u cecus L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ hsu L$X$Å¡. s¡ ¾$p¡^\u Ap„^mu \B fl¡ R>¡ s¡ A¡L$ ÷u_¡

`L$X$hp_¡ dpV$¡ sd_¡ b^p_¡ dp¡L$ghp S>ê$fu _\u R>sp„ Ap eyÝ^rhr^_u dep®v$p R>¡. L$ep„ sp¡ i|fhufsp A_¡ L$ep„ sp¡

Aèi - b¡ dp„\u A¡L$ kl_ L$fp¡. Apd L$lu_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ eyÝ^dp„ dp¡L$ëep. bkp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p s¡_u

klpesp dpV$¡ dp¡L$gu. c„X$pkyf_p Óuk `yÓp¡ bkp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_p dy¿e rsgL$ê$` lsp„. c°yLy$qV$ QX$phu lp\dp„

i÷p¡ gB _Nfdp„\u _uL$ýep.

Äepf¡ c„X$pkyf_p yÓp¡ _Nfdp„\u blpf _uL$ýep Ðepf¡ c|L„$` \ep¡. ÅsÅs_p DÐ`psp¡\u S>Ns cecus

\B Ney„. s¡ dlpbmhp_ Ly$dpfp¡ D`f _Nf_u h©Ý^ ÷uAp¡ ddfpAp¡_u hjp® L$fhp gpNu. b„v$uS>_ A_¡ dpN^p¡

52

Ly$dpfp¡_u õsyrs L$fhp gpÁep._Nf_p Üpf¡ Üpf¡ _Nf_u ÷uAp¡ dp„NrgL$ Apfsu L$fhp gpNu R>¡. s¡Ap¡ k¡_p kp\¡

_Nf_u blpf _uL$ p Ðepf¡ s¡Ap¡_p cpf\u ÅZ¡ `©Õhu Mku flu lp¡e s¡hy„ S>Zphp gpÁe. ApL$pi_¡ ÅZ¡ L$p¡B ýe „ y„

M¢Qu füy„ lp¡e s¡hp¡ s¡d_p¡ h¡N lsp¡ A_¡ s¡d_u âQ„X$ k¡_p ÅZ¡ ÂpyÂphsp¡ kdyÖ lp¡e s¡hu Mmcmu flu lsu.

p„c„X$pkyf_p yÓp¡ bkp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p gB_¡ ¾$p¡ \u c°yLy$qV$ QX$phu _Nfdp„\u _uLýep. nZcfd

iqL$sk¡_p_y„ cnZ L$fu S>Biy„, s¡Ap¡_p„ lr\epfp¡_¡ suÿZ bpZp¡\u Q|Z® L$fu _pMuiy„. Aq‚ ApL$pf_p qL$‰p_p¡ _pi

L u _pMuiy„. vy$d®v$ grgsp_¡ TX$`\u b„v$u b_phu gBiy„. Ap fus¡ A„v$fp¡ A„v$f hpsp¡ L$fsp c„X$pkyf_p `yÓp¡ Aq‚ f

qL$‰p pk¡ lp¢Qu Nep.

.ep¥h__p dv$\u Ap„ mp \ep. s¡Ap¡_¡ L$p„B v$¡Mpsy„ S> _\u Ly$V$ug(hp„L$u)c°yLy$qV$ L$fu dlp_ NS®>_p L$fu.

A¡_u NS®>_p A¡hu ce„L$f lsu L$¡ ÅZ¡ b°ûp„X$ s|V$u X$i¡. hphpTp¡X$p_p AhpÅ¡ S>¡hp p¡f AhpÅ¡ L$ep®. Aphp¡ p¡f O O

AhpS> l¡gp„ L$p¡B qv$hk _p¡sp¡ k„cmpep¡. s¡ AhpS> kp„cmu_¡ iqL$sAp¡_p L$p_dp„ A_¡ d_dp„ np¡c DÐ`ß \ep¡.

v$¥Ðep¡ Aphu_¡ S>e_pv$ L$fhp gpÁep. A_¡L$ i÷p¡_p âlpf\u v$¡hspAp¡_u „[¼sAp¡_¡ d|rR®>s L$fhp gpÁep. c„X$pkyf_p

`yÓp¡ Qsybp®ly hN¡f¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp Apìep, s¡ Å¡B_¡ bpgp A„bp_p d_dp„ L$p¥syL$ \ey„.

bpgp A„bp dp grgsp A„bp_u Ly$dpfu R>¡ A_¡ grgsp A„bp_u r_L$V$ S> fl¡ R>¡. s¡ kdõs iqL$sk¡_p_u

`|Äe R>¡ A_¡ AÐe„s fp¾$du R>¡. dp grgsp A„bp S>¡hu S> bpgp A„bp_u ApL©$rs R>¡.

.bpgp A„bp kv$p _h hj®_u S> fl¡ R>¡ s¡ kh® rhÛpAp¡_u dlpMpZ R>¡. bpgk|e® S>¡hy„ s¡_y„ ifuf s¡S>õhu

R>¡ gpg f„N_u h¡g S>¡hu ky„v$f s¡_u ApL©$rs R>¡. dlpfpZu_p QfZQp¡L$u pk¡ S> s¡ kv$p fl¡ R>¡. s¡ grgsp A„bp_p¡ .

blpf rhQfsp¡ âpZ R>¡ A_¡ Qp¡\y„ _¡Ó R>¡. c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_ yÓp¡_p k„lpf L$fhp_u BÃR>phpmu R>¡. s¡ bpgp A„bp_¡ p

ApS>¡ M|b ¾$p¡ DÐ`ß \ep¡. s¡Z¡ p¡sp_p¡ r_òe dp grgsp A„bp_¡ S>Zpìep¡. l¡ dp p, c„X$ v$¥Ðe_p yÓp¡ eyÝ^ dpV$¡ s

Apìep R>¡. A¡_u kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp_u dpfu BÃR>p R>¡. dpfu cyÅ eyÝ^ dpV$¡ afL$u flu R>¡. A¡_¡ dpfhp A¡ dpf dpV$¡ p

fds \i¡. s¡_¡ dpfhp dpV$¡ d_¡ sd¡ _p _l] pX$sp„. ly„ bprgL$p, r_Ðe fdL$X$p„\u fdy„ Ry„> A_¡ fdhpdp„ °urshpmu Ry„>.

nZcf eyÝ^_u fds\u d_¡ Ap_„v$ \i¡. Aphy„ v$¡hu_¡ bpgp A„bpA¡ S>Zpìey„ s¡\u grgsp A„bp bp¡ëep : l¡ yÓu, sy„

lÆ bpmL$ R>¡ s_¡ _h hj® S> \ep„ R>¡ s_¡ eyÝ^_u rinp ldZp„ S> dmu R>¡, sy„ dpfu A¡L$ S> L$Þep R>¡. spfp hNf A¡L$

nZ Z dpfp¡ ðpk Qpg¡ _lu, sy„ dpfp¡ ðpk S> R>¡. sy„ eyÝ^dp„ _ Å. v„$qX$_u, d„qÓZu A_¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡ sp¡ sy„ ,

eyÝ^ L$fhp dpV$¡ ip dpV$¡ lW$ L$f¡ R>¡ ?

Aphu fus¡ îu grgspv$¡huA¡ Ly$dpfu_¡ fp¡L$u, bpmlW$\u afu s¡Z¡ eyÝ^ S> dp„Áey„. bpgp A„bp_p¡ ×Y$ r_òe

Å¡B dp grgsp A„bpA¡ s¡_ Apop Apù v$uû A_¡ p¡sp_p Nm¡ gNpX$u guû.¡

dp grgsp A„bpA¡ p¡sp_p L$hQ_¡ L$pù bpgp A„bp_¡ L$hQ v$u^y„. p¡sp_p lr\epfdp„\u lr\epf v$u^p„ A_¡

bpgp A„bp_¡ dp¡L$gu.

dlpfpZuA¡ p¡sp_p _yjbpZ\u L$fZu f\ b_phu Apàep¡ s¡ f\_u kp\¡ bkp¡ l„k Å¡X$pep lsp„. s¡ f\dp„

Ly$dpfuv$¡hu b¡W$u. bpgp A„bp Äepf¡ eyÝ^dp„ âh©Ñ \B Ðepf¡ kh® h®dp„ fl¡sp v$¡hu v$¡hspAp¡ Api hpv$ v$u^p„ A_¡ A¡ u ®

lp\ Å¡X$u âZpd L$ep®. Q¾$fpS> f\dp„\u _uQ¡ Esfu bpgp A„bpA¡ kh® k¡_p_¡ Å¡B.

53

¾$p¡^\u gpg \e¡gu Ly$dpfu_¡ Aphsu Å¡B d„qÓZu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡huAp¡ ce kp\¡ bp¡gu : l¡ dlpfpZu_u

Ly$dpfu, sy„ eyÝ^ dpV$¡ ip dpV$¡ Aphu ? s_¡ Mfpb Ahkf¡ dlpfpZu A¡ dp¡L$gu. spfy„ eyÝ^dp„ Aphhy„ DrQs _\u. k¡_p

sp¡ ÂpZu R>¡ l¡ bprgL$¡, sy„ sp¡ îuv$¡hu_„y d|rs®d„s Æh_ S> R>¡. s_¡ Ad¡ lp\ Å¡X$u_¡ L$luA¡ R>uA¡ L$¡ sy„ eyÝ^ L$fhp_y„ .

dp„X$u hpm. Aphu âp\®_p L$fu R>sp„„ ×Y$ r_òe kp\¡ v„$X$_p\p A_¡ _u bpgp A„bp eyÙ L$fhp Qpgu. AÐe„s Apòe®

d„qÓZuv$¡hu s¡_u fnp dpV$¡ b„_¡ bpSy> Qpgu. Aq‚_p v$fhpÅ kyû b„_¡ s¡_u kp\¡ Aphu. bly S> k¡_p_u kp\¡ Ly$dpfu

blpf _uL$mu. kh® k¡_p_p âZpd Tugsu L$fZu f\dp„ b¡W$u.

c„X$pkyf_p vy$ô$ yÓp¡ kpd¡ s¡ Ly$dpfu gX$hp NB. Ly$dpfu_u `p¡sp_u L$p¡B k¡_p _lp¡su. îu grgsp v$¡hu_u

Anp¥rlZu k¡_p s¡_u \B NB. M|b ce„L$f eyÝ^ Qpgy \B Ney„. Ly$dpqfL$p v$¥Ðep¡ D`f bpZp¡_u hjp® L$fhp gpNu.

c„X$pkyf_p yÓp¡_u A_¡ dlpfpZu Ly$dpqfL$p hÃQ¡ S>¡ eyÝ^ \ey„ s¡_u kfpl_p v$¡hspAp¡ A_¡ Akyfp¡ L$fhp gpÁep„. _u

v$¥Ðep¡_p Ly$dpfp¡ rhõde pd Nep L$¡ _h hj®_u Ly$dpfu L$fZuf\dp„ b¡ku_¡ bpZp¡_u hjp® L$fu flu R>¡ ! bpgp A„bp u

dlpeyÝ^ L$fu flu R>¡ s¡_u nZ¡nZ_u Mbf qfQpqfL$p dp grgsp A„bp_¡ lp¢QpX$u flu R>¡. d„qÓZu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p

b„_¡ v$¡huAp¡ eyÝ^dp„ s¡_u kp\¡ R>¡. s¡ b„_¡ v$¡huAp¡ eyÝ^_¡ Å¡B flu R>¡.

bpgp A„bp A¡L$ S> lp¡hp R>sp„ kh® v$¥Ðe`yÓp¡_¡ s¡ v$f¡L$_u kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fsu v$¡Mpe R>¡. ÅZ¡ k|e®d„X$m_p

qL$fZp¡_u dpmp lp¡e s¡d b ¡S> s¡ v$¥Ðep¡_y„ dv®$_ L$fhp gpNu. ¾$p¡^\u s¡_y„ dyM gpg L$dm S>¡hy„ \B Ney„ R>¡. v$¡hspAp¡

ApL$pidp„\u Å¡B füp„ R>¡ A_¡ Apòe®QqL$s \B füp„ R>¡.d„qÓZuv$¡hu A_¡ v„$X$_p\pv$¡hu s¡_p¡ Sy>õkp¡ h^pfu flu R>¡

A_¡ õa|rs®gp lp\p¡\u Ly$dpqfL$p eyÝ^ L$fu flu R>¡. eyÝ^_p buÅ ApMp qv$hk¡ Ly$dpqfL$pA¡ eyÝ^ L$ey¯. vy$íd_p¡ S>¡hp„ i÷p¡

R>p¡X$sp„ s¡_p rhfp¡^dp„ s¡hp„ S> i÷p¡ s¡ R>p¡X$su A_¡ c„X$pkyf_p yÓp¡_¡ Âppeg L$fsu lsu.

dlpfpZu grgspA¡ Ap`¡gp _pfpeZ A÷ Üpfp Ly$dpqfL$pA¡ bkp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_¡ cõd L$fu _pMu.

bkp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_¡ _pi \sp„ v$¥ÐeLy$dpfp¡_¡ AÐe„s ¾$p¡ \ep¡. s¡ c„X$pkyf_p Ly$dpfp¡A¡ ^_yjbpZ QX$phu_¡ A¡L$

kp\¡ lydgp¡ L$ep£. v$¥Ðep¡_u k¡_pAp¡_p _pi \hp\u v$¡hspAp¡ A_¡ iqL$sAp¡A¡ S>eÂpp¡j L$ep£. Ly$dpfu bpgpA¡ A¡L$ A¡

kp\¡ Óuk bpZ R>p¡X$ep„.

põa|rs®hpmp lp\¡\u R>p¡X$¡gp„ A^®Q„Ö ApL$pf_p„ Óuk bpZp¡\u c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p Óuk¡ yÓp¡ dpe ® Nep. Aphu

fus¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p yÓp¡ edgp¡L$dp„ Nep„. v$¡hspAp¡A¡ AÐe„s AQfS> kp\¡ a|gp¡_u hjp® L$fu. Ly$dpfuA¡ Akyf

k¥Þe_p¡ Z _pi L$ep£. d„qÓZu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡huA¡ Ly$dpfu_¡ AptgN_ L$ey¯, A_¡ s¡Ap¡ kh£ dp grgsp A„bp pk¡,

Q¾$fpS> f\dp„ Nep.

Ly$dpfu_p S>e v$¡hphpmp fp¾$d_¡ Å¡B_¡ iqL$sAp¡ _pQhp gpNu A_¡ ÓZ¡ S>Nsdp„ S>e S>eL$pf L$ep£¡. kly

iqL$sk¡_p A_¡ v„$X$_p\p, d„qÓZu b^p Ly$dpfu_p Apòe®S>_L$ eyÝ^_u hps L$l¡hp gpÁep„, s¡ kh£_u hps kp„cmu_¡

dp grgsp A„bp M|b S> âkß \ep. kdõs iqL$sk¡_p s\p v$¡hspAp¡ Ap fp¾$d Å¡B Apòe®dp„ X|$bu Nep.

* _p bpgp A„bp A¡ k|e® iqL$s A\hp Æh_iqL$s_y„ õhê$` R>¡. c„X$pkyf Óuk yÓp¡ A¡ Óuk âL$pf_p

cp¥rsL$ sÒhp¡ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ AiyÝ^ NZpe R>¡ s¡ sÒhp¡_u iy[Ý^ L$fu_¡ S> d_yóe Ap„sqfL$ âL$pi_¡ pdu iL$¡ R>¡. s¡ sÒhp¡

Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡. `©Õhu, S>m, Aq‚, hpey, ApL$pi - A¡ `p„Q dlpc|s. N„^, fk, ê$`, õì®, iåv$ - A¡ `p„Q

54

sÞdpÓpAp¡. S>__¡qÞÖ , Nyv$p, N, lp\, hpZu - A¡ p„Q L$d£qÞÖep¡. _prkL$p, Æc, ÐhQp, _¡Ó, L$p_ - A¡ e

`p„Q op__¡qÞÖep¡. d_, by[Ý^, Al„L$pf - A„s:L$fZ âL©$rs, yê$j - ifuf A_¡ ApÐdp (L$¡ S>¡ ifuf ê$ù b„^_dp„

fl¡gp¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ ÆhpÐdp A\hp `yê$j L$l¡ R>¡.) r_esu - `|h®L$d® âdpZ¡ r_[òs L$fpe¡gy„ cpÁe rh^p_. fpN -

d_yóe_u Ap qL$s A_¡ hpk_pAp¡k .

.rhÛp - L$gp : op_ rhop_ A_¡ L$gp L$p¥iëe_u AphX$sp¡

©dpep : kdõs AÏfQ_p A_¡ rhrh^ iqL$s kdyv$pe_p¡ b_¡gp¡ k[ô$ â`„Q L$¡ S>¡_¡ rhfpV$¹ yê$j_p õhà_ê$`

rhð sfuL$¡ Ap`Z¡ „Q¡qÞÖep¡_p rhje sfuL$¡ A_ych L$fuA¡ R>uA¡, s¡_¡ dpep L$lu R>¡. Ü¥scph_¡ Z dpe L$l¡ R>¡.p

L$pm : kde_y„ sÒh L$¡ S>¡ v$p\p£_u AÏ fQ_p_¡ ¾$d¡ ¾$d nuZ L$fu_¡ qfZpd¡ s¡_p¡ _pi L$f¡ R>¡. Ap\u ep¡N

Üpfp ifuf_p huS> - Qy„bL$ue sÒh_¡ (AÏ - b„$ )_¡ h^y dS>bys L$fsp„ fl¡hy„ A_¡ Q¥sÞe_p v$uhp_¡ afu afu

âˆ$hrgs L$fsp fl¡hy„ A¡ L$pm_p sÒh_p¡ ârsL$pf L$fhp_u Nyá rhÛp R>¡, S>¡_¡ q¾$ep ep¡N L$l¡ R>¡.

Ap âdpZ¡ D`f L$l¡gp„ Óuk sÒhp¡ A¡ gp¥qL$L$ S>Ns_y„ õhê$` R>¡. s¡ sÒhp¡ Ap`Zp ifufdp„ Z rhÛdp_

R>¡ A\p®s¹ Ap`Ï„ ifuf Ap`Ï„ cp¥rsL$ AqõsÐh A¡ Ap Óuk sÒhp¡_y„ k„ÂpV$_ R>¡, S>¡_u A„v$f Ap`Zp¡ rQÞde ,

ApÐdp r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. Ap Óuk sÒhp¡ cp¥rsL$ lp¡hp\u AiyÝ^ NZpe R>¡. dp bpgp A„bp A¡ ApÐdk|e®_u âL$piL$

iqL$s R>¡ s¡ Ap Óuk sÒhp¡_u Aiy[Ý^_p¡ A\p®s¹ c„X$pkyf_p Óuk yÓp¡_p¡ _pi L$fu_¡ Ap Óuk sÒhp¡_¡ rhiyÝ^ A_¡

âL$pris L$fu_¡ d_yóe_¡ cp¥rsL$ b„^_p¡\u dyL$s L$fu_¡ v$¡h dp_h sfuL$¡ rhL$kus L$f¡ R>¡. Ap_p dpV$¡ ApÐd rhÛp -

b°ûrhÛp - ep¡NrhÛp_u v$¡hu bpgp A„bp L$¡ S>¡ Ly$dpfu A\p®s¹ Ly$ (Mfpbu - Aiy[Ý^)_¡ dpf_pfu R>¡ s¡_u D`pk_p

L$fhu Å¡BA¡ s¡hy„ Ap âL$fZ flõe R>¡._y„

âL$fZ - 17

NZ_p\ `fp¾$d

`Äepf¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p `yÓp¡ _pi `pçep Ðepf¡ L$ygne_p ip¡L$ê$ù Aq‚\u s¡ bmhp gpÁep¡. rhgp L$fhp

gpÁep¡. AÐe„s vy$:M\u s¡ c„ pkyf v$¥Ðe tklpk_\u _uQ¡ X$ep¡. rhk„N, rhkyL$f A_¡ Ly$V$ugpn s¡_¡ v$¡h_u Nrs Ly$V$ug X$

R>¡ s¡d L$lu Apðpk_ v$¡hp gpÁep„. s¡Ap¡ L$l¡hp gpÁep L$¡ l¡ v$¥ÐefpS>, sd¡ kpdpÞe dp_hu_u S>¡d ip¡L$dp„ L$¡d X$|bu

Nep ? S>¡ yÓp¡ eyÝ^dp„ dpep® Nep s¡ lh¡ `pR>p Aphhp_p _\u. S>¡ d®hp_ huf yê$jp¡_y„ eyÂ^dp„ d©Ðey \pe s¡ ip¡L$

L$fhp ep¡Áe _\u. s¡ d©Ðey |rS>s(Apv$fep¡Áe) R>¡.

Ap kp„cmu_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ ip¡L$_p¡ ÐepN L$ep£ A_¡ âgeL$pm_p Aq‚ S>¡hp¡ ¾$p¡^ L$ep£. s¡Z¡ çep_dp„\u

edfpÅ S>¡hu sghpf L$pY$u A_¡ ¾$p¡^\u bmhp gpÁep¡. ¾$p¡ _p Aph¡Ndp„ L$p„B bp¡gu iL$sp¡ _\u A_¡ k`®_u S>¡d

ðpk g¡hp gpÁep¡. Ecp¡ \B_¡ sghpf Âpydphhp gpÁep¡ A_¡ Np„X$p_u S>¡d Apd s¡d v$p¡X$hp gpÁep¡.

kh® v$p_hp¡A¡ s¡_¡ fp¡L$u gu^p¡. S>¡ grgspv$¡hu âÐe¡ Myb bmu füp R>¡ s¡hp v$¥Ðep¡ bp¡ëep : l¡ õhpdu, s¡ ÷u_¡

55

Æshp dpV$¡ sdpf¡ âeÐ_ L$fhp_u S>ê$f _\u. Ad¡ Adpfu k¡_p_¡ kp\¡ fZc|rddp„ `fp¾$d v$¡MpX$iy„. sdpfu \p¡X$u

Apop dm¡ sp¡ Ad¡ kdõs cyh_p¡_p¡ rh_pi L$fhpdp„ kd\® R>uA¡, sp¡ A¡L$ cp¡mu öu iy„ rhkpsdp„ R>¡ ? Af¡, Ad¡

kps kdyÖ_¡ ù S>BA¡ s¡hp R>uA¡. k„`|Z® `h®sp¡_¡ Mp¡v$u _pMuA¡ qÓgp¡L$u_¡ D`f\u _uQ¡ _¡ _uQ¡\u D`f L$fu ,

v$BA¡. kh® v$¡hspAp¡_¡ dpfu _pMuA¡ A_¡ v$¡hspAp¡_p„ rhdp_p¡_¡ sp¡X$u _pMuA¡, gp¡L$`pgp¡_¡ ùku _pMuA¡. l¡

dlpds¡ Ad_¡ Apop Ap`p¡ A¡V$gu S> hpf R>¡.

v$¥Ðep¡_u A¡hu Al„L$pfeyL$s hpZu kp„cmu_¡ c„X$pkyf ¾$p¡^\u gpg _¡Ó L$fu bp¡ëep¡ : l¡ hukyL$f, sy„ dpep\u

`p¡sp_y„ ifuf k„spX$u_¡ Å, A_¡ iÓAp¡_u k_pdp„ S>B_¡ S>e rhÂ_dlpe„Ó(A\p®s¹ rhÂ_ L$f_pfu sp„qÓL$ rhr^ y ¡

L$f¡gy„ Mpk L$pf_y„ cp¥rdrsL$ ApL©$rs\u b_¡gy„ e„Ó) Ðep„ õ\pr`s L$f S>¡\u iÓyk¡_pdp„ dp¡Vy„$ rhÂ_ kÅ®e.°

A¡hy„ c„X$pkyf_y„ hQ_ kp„cmu hukyL$f ¾$p¡r^s \B dpep\u `p¡sp_p ifuf_¡ k„spX$u_¡ îu grgsp A„bp_u

k¡_pdp„ Nep¡. Äepf¡ hukyL$f Ðep„ lp¢Ãep¡ Ðepf¡ k|ep®õs \B Nep¡. k|e®_p„ qL$fZ Ry>`pB Nep„ A_¡ qv$ipAp¡ gpg \B

NB. k|e®_pfpeZ Aõs \B füp„ lsp„ s¡_u `pR>m k„Ýep `Z `pspmgp¡L$dp„ Qpgu. k|e®_pfpeZ_p S>hp\u S>¡d

kdyÖdp„ auZ EX$¡ s¡d ApL$pidp„ spfpAp¡ ENu Nep. Âpp¡f A„^pfy„ \B Ney„. Ap A„^pfpA¡ ¾y$f by[Ý^hpmp hukyL$f_¡

kp\ Apàep¡. dpepê$ù f\dp„ b¡W$p¡ A_¡ A„^pfpdp„ Ry>`pB Nep¡. A_¡ Ap fus¡ grgsp A„bp_u k¡_pdp„ s¡ v$yô$ lp¢Qu

Nep¡.

vy$d®Ðep„ S>B_¡ s¡Z¡ S>p¡ey„ sp¡ Aq‚_p qL$‰p_p¡ °L$pi Qpf¡L$p¡f a¡gpe¡gp¡ R>¡ s¡ rsA¡ kp¡ ep¡S>_dp„ âL$pi Å¡ep¡.

R>phZu_u Qpf¡ L$p¡f aep® `R>u `Z A„v$f S>hp_p¡ dpN® _\u dmsp¡. `R>u v$rnZ sfa S>B_¡ s¡Z¡ nZcf Ýep_

gNpX$ey„. v$qnZ qv$ipdp„ s¡Z¡ Å¡ey„ sp¡ dlpbmhpmp AðpêY$p v$¡hu kph^p_u |h®L$ lr\epf pfZ L$fu, L$hQ l¡fu_¡

k $ \e¡gp s¡Z¡ Å¡ep. õs„rc_u Apqv$ v$¡huAp¡ kp\¡ huk Anp¥rlZu k¡_p Ðep„ lsu. kh® kde¡ s¡ Üpf_p fnZ dpV$¡

v„X$_p\p v$¡huA¡ s¡_u r_dZ|L$ L$fu lsu, s¡_¡ Sp¡B_¡ hukyL$f_¡ Apòe® \ey„ s\p lh¡ iy„ L$fhy„ s¡_p¡ s¡ rhQpf L$fhp gpÁep¡.

qL$‰p\u blpf flu_¡ S> s¡Z¡ A¡L$ e„Ó b_pìey„.(lh¡ s¡ e„Ó_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp„ F$rj L$l¡ R>¡ :) s¡ e„Ó A¡L$ NpD

S>¡V$gy„ gp„by„ A_¡ A¡L$ NpD S>¡V$gy„ lp¡m„y lsy„. s¡ rigp D`f s¡Z¡ e„Ó g¿ey„. s¡ rigp D`f ApW$ qv$ipdp„ ApW$ qÓi|g

b_pìep. rh`fus Anfp¡_p ¾$d\u ApW$ v$¡hspAp¡ eyL$s e„Ó s¡Z¡ g¿ey„. (s¡ pdk v$¡hspAp¡_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ s

lsp„:) Agkp(Apmk), L©$óZp, lu_p, _usA„Öp(s„Öp), °durgL$p (Ap„Mp¡ tdQpB Åe s¡), L$gubp(L$pefsp),

r_fpip, Al„L$pf Ap ApW$ v$¡hspAp¡_¡ ApW$ qv$ipdp„ S>¡ qÓi|m lsp„ s¡_u D`f g¿ep„. A¡hy„ dpephuA¡ e„Ó g¿ey„ A_¡

d„qÓs L$ey®. `R>u spdku rhr^\u s¡_u |Å L$fu, s¡ e„Ó iÓyAp¡_u k¡_p_¡ Akf L$f¡ s¡ fus¡ qL$‰p_u D`f\u (A„v$f

Åe s¡ fus¡) a¢L$ey„. vy$b®[ hpmp rhk|L$f¡ Ap k my„ qL$‰p_u blpf flu_¡ L$ey¯. s¡ e„Ó qL$‰p D`f\u S>B, iÓyk¡_pdp„ y Ù O

`X$ey„.

A¡ e„Ó_p rhL$pf\u(Akf\u) iqL$sk¡_pdp„ S>¡ iqL$sAp¡ lsu s¡Ap¡A¡ i÷p¡ a¢L$u v$u^p„ A_¡ s¡d_p„ d_

Dv$pk \B Nep. (iqL$sAp¡ rhQpfhp gpNu) Akyfp¡_¡ dpfhp\u Adpfy„ iy„ L$pe® \i¡ ? i÷ Qgphhp A¡ kpfy„ _\u.

Adpfp¡ S>e \pe sp¡ Z iy„ ? tlkp\u sp¡ p` \pe. v$¡hspAp¡_¡ dv$v$ L$fhu A¡dp„ Adpfp¡ iy„ õhp\® R>¡ ? _L$pdp¡ L$g¡i

L$fu eyÝ^ L$fhp_y„ L„$B am _\u. Adpfu dlpfpZu hmu iy„ ? Ap v„$X$_p\ $ L$p¡Z R>¡ ? Ap d„qÓZu íepdp v$¡hu hmu p

56

L$p¡Z R>¡ ? Ad¡ s¡Ap¡_u k¡rhL$pA¡ L$B fus¡ ? (A\p®s¹ ip dpV$¡ Adpf¡ s¡d_u k¡hp L$fhu Å¡BA¡ ?) Ap gp¡L$d Ad¡ p„

s¡d_u k¡rhL$pAp¡ A_¡ s¡ A¡L$ S> u Adpfu dprgL$ b_u Ap s¡ L$¡hp cpÁe_p am cp¡Nh¡ R>¡ ? iÓ|_p ddõ\p__¡ ÷ ®

h]^hp\u Ad_¡ iy„ apev$p¡ ! Adpf¡ eyÝ^ ip„s L$fu v$¡hy„ R>¡. i÷p¡ sp¡ v¡ldp„ Âpph L$fhphpmp R>¡ (A\p®s¹ L$ô$

Ap`hphpmp R>¡.) crhóedp„ eyÝ^dp„ dfhy„ A¡ sp¡ ìe\®_y„ Æh_ R>¡. eyÝ^dp„ d©Ðey \pe sp¡ õhN£ S>hpe s¡_„y âdpZ

iy„? DÐkpl\u L$p¡B am _\u. t_Öp S> A¡L$ kyM Ap`hphpmu R>¡. Apmk S>¡hy„ rQÑ_¡ kyM v$¡hphpmy„ buSy„> Lp„B _\u.

A¡hu fpZu Ad_¡ iy„ L$fi¡ ? A¡_y„ fpZu`Ï„ Adpf¡ gu^ \ey„ R>¡ Å¡ A¡_¡ Ad¡ ÐepNu v$BA¡ sp¡ s¡ y„ bm _ô$ \B S>i¡ ¡ _

A_¡ Å¡ fpZu_y„ bm S> _ô$ \B Åe sp¡ Ad_¡ L$p¡Z rinp L$fhphpmy„ R>¡ ? Aphu fus¡ L$lu_¡ eyÝ^_p Apf„c¡ S>

lr\epfp¡ a¢L$u v$u^ . iqL$sAp¡ t_Öp_u dpfu Tp¡L$p„ Mphp gpNu ! kh® L$pep£dp„ d„v$sp A_¡ dlp_ Apmk R>hpB Nep. p

iqL$sAp¡_u ApMu k¡_pAp¡ rir\g \B NB. Aphu fus_y„ v$p_h¡ S>erhÂ_ e„Ó L$ey®. e„Ó_p âcph\u k¡_pAp¡

DÐkpl hNf_u \B NB. buÅ qv$hk_u A^®fpqÓA¡ Aphy„ \e.y„

Aphy„ L$fu_¡ v$¥Ðe hu„kyL$f p¡sp_p _Nfdp„ pR>p¡ Nep¡ A_¡ Óuk Anp¥rlZu k¡_p gB _Nf\u blpf _uL$ýep¡

A_¡ Äep„ iÓyk¡_p lsu Ðep„ `pR>p¡ Apìep¡. v$¥Ðep¡_p eyÝ^_p hpÅ„ hpNhp gpÁep„ A_¡ Al] iqL$sAp¡_y„ k¥Þe

Apmkdp„ X$ey„.

d„qÓZu v$¡hu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu sp¡ dlp_ âcphhpmp lsp„ s¡\u e„Ó_¡ Akf s¡d_¡ _ \B `f„sy„ s¡d_¡

k¥Þe_u Aphu v$ip Å¡B_¡ M|b tQsp \B. (s¡Ap¡ rhQpfhp gpÁep) Ap dlp_ L$ô$ Aphu X$e„y L$ep„ L$pfZ\u L$ep„\u ?

Adpfu k¡_p Aphu r_ê$Ðkplde b_u NB ? Adpfu k¡_pA¡ lr\epf a¢L$u v$u^p„ R>¡. t_Öp A_¡ Apmk\u iqL$sAp¡

Âp¡fpB NB R>¡. Adpfy„ L$l¡hy„ dp_ u _\u. dlpfpZu âÐe¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ |Äecph füp¡ _\u. Ap iqL$sAp¡ eyÝ^dp„ s

Æshp_u BÃR>p\u frls A_¡ Dv$pku_ \B NB R>¡. Ap\u d„qÓZu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p tQsp`fpeZ \B NB. Q¾$fpS>f\

D`f QX$u dlpfpZu grgsp A„bp_¡ kÂpmu lL$uL$s S>Zphu.

d„qÓZu v$¡hu bp¡ëep : Ap L$p¡Z¡ rhL$pf DÐ`ß L$ep® R>¡ ? iqL$sAp¡dp„ DÐkpl füp¡ S> _\u. l¡ dlpfpZu,

sdpfu Apop ApMp¡ k„kpf d _¡ R>¡ s¡ Apop_¡ ApS> Ap`Zu k¡_p kp„cmsu _\u. s¡ iqL$sk¡_pAp¡ rhfL$s \B NB p

R>¡. A_¡ Mfpb L$d®\u v|$f \B NB R>¡. t_Öp, s„Öp hX$¡ ìepá \B NB R>¡. A_¡ Mfpb hQ_p¡ bp¡g¡ R>¡. v„$qX$_u L$p¡Z

R>¡? d„qÓZu L$p¡Z R>¡ dlpfpZu L$p¡Z R>¡ ? eyÝ^ hmu L$¡hy„ ? A¡hu i„L$p L$f¡ R>¡.?

Aphp dp¡L$p D`f dlpbmhp_ iÓy Aphu füp¡ R>¡, s¡_p„ A¡hp„ hpÅ„ hpNu füp„ R>¡ S>¡_p¡ AhpS> õhN®dp„

`Z k„cmpe R>¡. lh¡ sdpf¡ S>¡ D`pe L$fhp¡ lp¡e s¡ iuÂp° L$fp¡. Aphy„ L$lu v„$qX$_u A_¡ d„qÓZu v$¡huA¡ îu S>Nv„$bp_¡

âZpd L$ep®.

Ðepfbpv$ dp grgsp A„bpA¡ L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h sfa lku_¡ ×[ô$ L$fu. s¡d_p lp¡W$ gpg lsp„. cNhsuA¡ d„v$

qõds L$ey®. s¡d_p v$p„s ka¡v$ lsp„. s¡d_p dyMd„X$m_p s¡S>dp„\u A¡L$ lp\u_p dyMhpmp v$¡h âNV$ \ep. Åk|v$_p a|g

S>¡hp¡ s¡ v$¡h_p¡ gpg f„N lsp¡. Qp¡\_p¡ Q„Ö s¡d_p dõsL$¡ lsp¡. s¡d_p v$i lp\dp„ dp¡Vy„$ g]by, Nv$p, i¡fX$u_y„ ^_yj,

qÓi|m, kyv$i®_Q¾$, L$dm_u v$p„X$gu, Qp¡Mp_p„ X|„$X$p, hfv$ dyÖp (Aprihp®v$_u dyÖp), A„Ly$i A_¡ fÐ_ Ly„$c. Ap fus¡

s¡d_p v$i lp\dp„ v$i hõsyAp¡ pfZ L$f¡gu lsu. s¡d_y„ ¡V$ dp¡Vy„$ lsy„, d¡Âp S>¡hu N„cuf hpZu lsu. rk[Ý^ gÿdu

57

s¡d_u kp\¡ lsu. s¡dZ¡ cNhsu_¡ âZpd L$ep®. cNhsuA¡ Api}hpv$ v$u^p (A_¡ iÓyA¡ L$f¡gp S>e rhÂ_e„Ó_¡

sp¡X$u _pMhp_u Apop Apù.) Ap\u s¡ dlp_ NZ_p\ NÅ__ v$¡h, S>e rhÂ_ e„Ó_¡ sp¡X$hp dpV$¡ h¡N\u Nep.

Aq‚_p qL$‰p_u A„v$f Qpf¡L$p¡f, v$p„sp¡_y„ S>¡_¡ bm R>¡ s¡hp s¡ NZ`rs afhp gpÁep A_¡ A¡L$ S>ÁepA¡ gsp

A_¡ TpX$hp„ A_¡ `p„v$X$p„_u hÃQ¡ S>erhÂ_ e„Ó s¡dZ¡ S>p¡ey„. NZ¡iÆA¡ v$p„sp¡_p hÇ>âlpf\u s¡ S>erhÂ_e„Ó

dlpiugp_y„ Q|Z® L$fu _p¿ey„ A_¡ s¡dp„ S>¡ ApW$ spdk v$¡hspAp¡_p„ e„Óp¡ lsp„ s¡_¡ Z NZ_p\¡ Q|Z® L$fu _p¿ep„ A_¡

s¡_u |m b_phu ApL$pidp„ DX$pX$u v$uû.

iqL$sAp¡ Apmk, t_Öp A_¡ s„Öpdp„\u dyL$s \B NB A_¡ dlfpZu_p¡ S>e bp¡gphp gpNu A_¡ lp\dp„

i÷p¡ pfZ L$fu eyÝ^ L$fhp s¥epf \B NB. v„$shv$_¡ (v„$si|mhpmp dyMhpmp îu NZ¡i¡)`p¡sp_p Nmpdp„\u ce„L$f

NS®>_p L$fu A_¡ S>erhÂ_ e„Ó_p¡ s¡Z¡ fpqÓdp„ S> _pi L$fu _p¿ep¡.

Ap h©Ñp„s kp„cmu c„X$pkyf_¡ \p¡X$p¡ np¡c \ep¡. NZ¡iÆA¡ p¡sp_p S>¡hp yóL$m NZ¡ip¡_u fQ_p L$fu. S>¡

NZ¡ip¡ DÐ`ß \ep s¡Ap¡_u k|„Y$p¡dp„\u d^ Tfu füy„ R>¡. s¡_u kyN„^\u cdfpAp¡_p V$p¡mp„Ap¡ kdyÖ_u S>¡d N|„Æ füp„

R>¡ ÅZ¡ NZ¡iÆ_p¡ ei NpB füp R>¡. v$pX$dX$u_p a|g S>¡hp„ f„N_p„ h p¡ l¡ep® R>¡. ÅZ¡ kh® kdyÖ_¡ u S>i¡ s¡hu õÓ

s¡d_u Ap„Mp¡ R>¡.

Ap kh® NZ¡ip¡dp„ Apdp¡v$ _pd_p NZ¡i dy¿e R>¡. qf[Ý^ s¡d_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. Apdp¡v$, âdp¡v$, kydyM,

vy$dy®M, AqfÂ_ A_¡ rhÂ_L$sp® Ap R> NZ¡ip¡ s¡ kh® NZ¡ikd|l_p dy¿e R> _peL$p¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ kps L$fp¡X$ NZ¡ip¡_u

k¡_p_p Aûðf R>¡.

îu dlpNZ`rs_u ApN¡hp_u l¡W$m kh® NZ¡ip¡ Aq‚ âpL$pf(Aq‚_p qL$‰p)_u blpf _uL$ýep. s¡Ap¡ ¾$p¡^

L$fu, ly„L$pf L$fu Äep„ v$p_hp¡ lsp Ðep„ `lp¢Qu Nep. âQ„X$ lp\u_p rQÐL$pf_u S>¡hu NS®>_pAp¡ L$fu_¡ b^p„ Akyfp¡_¡

bl¡fp L$fu v$u^p. lp\u_u k¡_phpmp NZ¡i¡ A¡ v$¥Ðep¡ D`f Ap¾$dZ L$fu v$u^y„. suÿZ bpZp¡\u NZ_p\p¡ v$¥Ðep¡_p¡

k„lpf L$fhp gpÁep.

dlpbmhp_ hukyL$f_y„ NZ¡iÆ kp\¡ eyÝ^ \ey„. ly„L$pf A_¡ ^_yóe_p V„$L$pf \B füp R>¡. NZ_p\¡ c°yLy$qV$

Ly$qV$g(¾$p¡^\u hp„L$u) L$fu R>¡. v$¥Ðep¡ Qukp¡ pX$u füp R>¡. Âpp¡X$p lZlZu füp„ R¡. A_¡ f\p¡_p Qpghp_p¡ AhpS> Aphu

füp¡ R>¡. ^_yóe_p¡ V„$L$pf \B füp¡ R>¡ A_¡ ep¡Ý^pAp¡ `fõ`f hufcpjp (`X$L$pf L$fhp, eyÝ^dp„ ggL$pfhy„, iÓy_¡

Dspfu pX$sp„ L$Vy$hQ_p¡ L$l¡hp hN¡f¡)bp¡gu füp R>¡. NZ¡i AË$lpõe L$fu füp R>¡ A_¡ tkl_pv$ L$fu füp R>¡.

iv ¡ qv$ipAp¡_¡ õså^ L$fsy„ ce„L$f eyÝ^ Qpgy \B Ney„. vy$fpÐdp hukyL$f v$¥Ðe_u Óuk Anp¥rlZu k¡_p lsu.

dlpf\u NZ_p\p¡ A¡L$ A¡L$ v$¥Ðep¡ kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp gpÁep. v$p„sp¡ Üpfp NZ_p\p¡ v$¥Ðep¡_¡ dpfhp gpÁep A_¡ k|„Y$dp„

`L$X$u L$X$u_¡ V$Lhp gpÁep. âgeL$pm_p d¡ (hpv$mp„) S>¡hp„ L$p__u Tp`V$p¡ hX$¡ A_¡L$ v$¥Ðep¡ fpipeu \hp gpÁep. O

s¡d_p Å¡fv$pf ðpkp¡Ã hpk_p hpey\u v$¥Ðep¡ L$ep„e_p L$ep„e EX$u S>sp„ lsp„. lpX$_u rigp S>¡hu dS>b|s R>psu kp\¡ R>

V$L$fpB_¡ v$¥Ðep¡ Y$mu `X$sp„ lsp„. s¡d_y„ `¡V$ `Z `Õ\f S>¡hy„ lsy„, S>¡_¡ s¡_p¡ ^½$p¡ `Z gpN¡ s¡ dfu Åe. `N_p

âlpf\u L$¡V$gp„e Akyfp¡_p¡ k„lpf L$fu _p¿ep¡ qÓi|m, Q¾$ Apqv$ Apey p¡\u L$¡V$gpe v$¥Ðep¡_¡ edgp¡L$ lp¢QpX$u v$u^p„.

ce„L$f i„MÂhr_\u Akyfp¡_u k¡_p_¡ cecus L$fu _pMu.

58

NZ_p\_p dyMdp„\u âL$V$ \e¡gp„ lÅfp¡, NZ¡ip¡A¡ dlp_ `fp¾$d L$fu v$¥Ðek¡_p_u ^|m b_phu _pMu.

s¡\u ¾$p¡r^s \B_¡ hukyL$f¡ NÅkyf _pd_p v$¥Ðe_¡ NZ`rs_u kpd¡ dp¡L$ëep¡.

âQ„X$ tkl_pv$ L$fsp¡ vy$d®rshpmp¡ NS> v$¥Ðe kps Anp¥rlZu k¡_p krls Apìep¡. NZ`rs kp\¡ NÅkyf v$¥Ðe

eyÝ^ L$fhp gpÁep¡¡. NÅkyf v$¥Ðe_y„ bm nuZ \hp gpÁey„. NZ`rs_y„ bm h^hp gpÁey„.Ap Å¡B_¡ hukyL$f

eyÝ^c|rddp„\u cpÁep¡.

dpÓ A¡L$ S> huf¡ÞÖ (hufp¡dp„ BÞÖ î¡›$)A¡hp dlpNZ`rs L$¡ S>¡ Jv$f D`f b¡W$¡gp R>¡ s¡dZ¡ (A_¡L$ ê$ p¡

^pfZ L$fu_¡, âQ„X$ fp¾$d\u) kps Anp¥rlZu v$¥Ðek¡_p krls NÅkyf_¡ dpfu _p¿ep¡. Ap fus¡ s¡ qv$hk_p eyÝ^dp„

NÅkyf dpep£ Nep¡ A_¡ hukyL$f cpNu Nep¡.

Ùey c|rddp„\u NZ`rs rhS>eu \B_¡ dp grgsp A„bp pk¡ Apìep. v$¥Ðep¡_u dpepÅmhpmu S>¡ L$pmfpÓu

lsu s¡ |fu \B NB.NZ¡iÆ_p fp¾$d\u dp grgsp A„bp AÐe„s âkß \ep, A_¡ s¡d_¡ kh® v$¡hspAp¡_p |S>_dp„

kh® â\d sdpfy„ |S>_ \i¡ s¡hy„ hfv$p_ Apàey„.

* d_yóe Æh_dp„ Aph_pfp kh® _L$pfpÐdL$ qfbmp¡ S>¡hp„ L$¡ ¾$p¡^, r_Öp, Apgõe, h¥f, r_fpip, Apr^,

ìepr^, D`pr^, ce, ip¡L$, rQ„sp, i„L$p, Aop_, d|Y$sp, S>X$sp hN¡f¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_u âNrsdp„ Ahfp¡^ DÐ`ß \pe R>¡

A_¡ s¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ kp^L$_u cp¥rsL$ A_¡ ApÝeprÐdL$ Dßrs \hpdp„ rhg„b \pe R>¡ Ap\u Ap bû _L$pfpÐdL$sp_¡ rhÂ_

L$l¡ R>¡ A_¡ Aphp rhÂ_p¡_p r_hpfZ dpV$¡ îu NZ¡i_u D`pk_p L$fhu Å¡BA¡ s¡ Ap AÂepe `f\u Ap`Z_¡

kdÅe R>¡.

âL$fZ - 18

rhkyL$f rhk„N h^

c„X$pkyf_p¡ cpB hukyL$f fZc|rddp„\u cpNu Nep¡. k¡_pAp¡_p¡ _pi \hp\u c„X$pkyf M|b S> ¾$p¡r^s \ep¡.

s¡Z¡ rhk„N A_¡ _pd_p p¡sp_p b ¡ cpBAp¡_¡ k¡_pAp¡ krls eyÝ^ dpV$¡ S>hp_u Apop L$fu. Ap\u s¡ b„ß¡ rhkyL$f Þ_

cpBAp¡A¡ iÓy D`f ¾$p¡^ L$fu_¡ ce„L$f eyÝ^ L$fhp_u s¥epfu L$fu.

eyhfpS> hukyL$f_¡ kp\¡ fpMu_¡ rhk„N, qÓgp¡L$u_¡ L„$`phhp hpmu Qpfkp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_pAp¡_¡ kp\¡ gB_¡

Qpëep¡. eyhfpS> dlp_ h ¡gp âsp`hpmp¡ \B_¡, DgyL$Æs Apqv$ v$i M|b S> DÝ^s õhcph_p cpZ¡Å¡_¡ kp\¡

gB_¡ Qpëep¡. Ap v$i cpZ¡Å¡ c„X$pkyf_u yd_u _pd_u bl¡_\u DÐ`ß \e¡gp„ lsp„. dlp_ bmhpmp c„X$pkyf¡ p¡s¡

s¡ b^p_¡ eyÝ^_u spgud Apù lsu.

dlp_ fp¾$d\u (¾$p¡^\u) bmu fl¡gp s¡ v$i k¡_p`rsAp¡ v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡_¡ _yj_p V„$L$pf\u Ny„Åhsp s¡Ap¡

Qpëep. Ap cpZ¡Å¡ s¡_p dpdp(c„X$pkyf)_¡ M|b S> râe lsp„. s¡Ap¡ b^p„ `p¡s`p¡sp_p hpl_ D`f khpf \e¡gp„

A_¡ lp\dp„ dp¡Vp„ dp¡V$p„ _yóep¡_¡ gB_¡ hukyL$f_u kp\¡ pëep.Q

59

Qpëep¡ eyhfpS> hukyL$f lp\u f khpf \B_¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp A_¡ s¡_p D`f R>Ó gpN¡gy„ R>¡ A_¡ Qpdf Y$p¡mpB

füp R>¡. v$¥Ðe k¡_pAp¡ s¡_p¡ S>eS>eL$pf L$fu f u R>¡ A_¡ hukyL$f tkl S>¡hu NS®>_pAp¡ L$fu füp¡ R>¡.l

iqL$sAp¡A¡ v$¥Ðek¡_p_p¡ AhpS> kp„cýep¡ A_¡ s¡\u s¡Ap¡ `Z eyÝ^ L$fhp s¥epf \B NB. Aq‚ âpL$pf_p

Âp¡fphdp„\u iqL$sk¡_p `„qL$sAp¡dp„ blpf _uL$mu. `p¡s`p¡sp_p âL$pi\u iqL$sAp¡ ÅZ¡ ApL$pi_¡ huS>muAp¡hpmy„

L$fu flu R>¡. s¡Ap¡ ÅZ¡ gpg L$dm Muëep„ lp¡e s¡d fZc|rddp„ Aphu.

®c„„X$pkyf_p b„_¡ vy$d®v$ _p_p cpBAp¡ eyÝ^c|rddp„ Aphu füp R>¡ s¡ kp„cmu d„qÓZu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p b„_¡ kp\¡

eyÝ^ L$fhp _uL$mu. L$ufuQ¾$ A_¡ N¡eQ¾$ b„ß¡ dlpf\p¡dp„ s¡Ap¡ b¡W$¡gu R>¡. Np¡m R>Óp¡ s¡d_u D`f ip¡cu füp R>¡.

Qpdfp¡\u h]TZp \B füp R>¡. lÅfp¡ AàkfpAp¡ s¡d_p¡ ei NpB flu R>¡. dp grgsp A„bp_u Apop\u s¡ b ¡ Þ_

v$¥Ðep¡ kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp _uL$mu.

îu Q¾$fpS> f\_u fnp dpV$¡ kp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_pAp¡_¡ r_eyL$s L$fu s\p A¡L$ cujZ i÷ dlpfpZu `pk¡

fl¡hp v$B bpL$u kh® A÷ iöp¡ A_¡ ApMu k¡_p gB_¡ s¡ v$¡huAp¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp Qpgu.

ApNm f\dp„ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu rhfpS>dp_ \B Qpëep R>¡. s¡Ap¡ A¡L$ lp\_u Ap„Nmu\u lm_¡ Np¡m Np¡m a¡fhu

füp R>¡, A_¡ buÅ lp\_u Ap„Nmu\u dyim_¡ a¡fhu füp R>¡.

v„$X$_p\p_p dõsL$¡ Q„Ö ip¡cu füp¡ R>¡ A_¡ Q„Ödp S>¡hy„ s¡d_y„ dyM R>¡ eyÝ^dp„ kly\u l¡gp¡ i÷ âlpf L$p¡Z

L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ DÐkyL$ \B füp R>¡. d„qÓZu v$¡hu N¡eQ¾$ f\dp„ b¡ku_¡ Qpgu füp R>¡. ^_yóe_p VL$pf L$fsp A_¡ „

dv$DÝ^s \B_¡ rhð_¡ s¡ (V„$L$pf_p) AhpS>\u cfu v$¡sp Qpgu füp R>¡. s¡dZ¡ hpm_p¡ A„bp¡X$p¡ hpýep¡ R>¡ A_¡ M|b

ip¡cpedp_ \B füp R>¡.

d„qÓZu v$¡hu_p„ ÓZ _¡Óp¡ afL$u füp„ R>¡. tkv|$f_y„ rsgL$ L$f¡gy„ R>¡. lp\dp„ drZAp¡_p„ L„$L$Z ip¡cu füp R>¡.

cp\pdp„\u suf L$pY$u, suf_¡ Âpydphu füp R>¡. S>e_u h[Ý^ \pe S>e_u h©[Ý^ \pe s¡hp„ Api hpv$_p„ Ads hQ_p¡ © u ® ©

v$¡hdyr_Ap¡ bp¡gu füp R>¡. AàkfpAp¡ S>i_p„ Np_ NpB flu R>¡. N¡eQ¾$ f\_p ¦X$p ©Õhu_¡ °yÅhu füp R>¡. gp¡L$p¡_¡

AÐe„s d_p¡f„S>_ L$fhphpmu AàkfpAp¡ Nus NpB flu R>¡. b„v$uS>_p¡ s¡_u õsyrs L$fu füp R>¡.

ApW$ lÅf Anp¥rlZu k¡_p L$¡ S>¡ eyÝ^dp„ AÐe„s Ly$im R>¡ s¡hu s¡ k¡_p ÅZ¡ âgeL$pmdp„ `©Õhu_¡ kdyÖ

Âp¡fu g¡ R>¡ s¡hu (kdyÖ S>¡hu) S>ZpB flu lsu. s¡ iqL$sk¡_pdp„ L$p¡B iqL$s kyhZ® f„Nhpmu lsu, L$p¡B v$pX$d_p a|g

S>¡hu lsu, L$p¡B tkv|$f_p f„N S>¡hu lsu, L$p¡B Nygpb S>¡hp gpg f„N_u lsu, L$p¡B p„v$X$p„_p„ f„N S>¡hu (gugu) lsu,

L$p¡B v$uhp S>¡hu iqL$s lsu, L$p¡B Nê$X$ S>¡hp f„Nhpmu iqL$s lsu. L$p¡B p„Q f„Np¡_p rdîZ S>¡hu lsu, p¡s`p¡sp_p

v$¡l_u L$p„rs\u ip¡cu flu lsu, A_¡L$ L$pf_p lr\epf lsp„. v„$X$_preL$p v$¡hu_u k¡_p `Z Aphu S> lsu. â

d„qÓZuv$¡hu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu, b„ß¡_u k¡_p kfMp S> âL$pf_u lsu. h¡i, c|jZ, i÷p¡, A÷p¡ b^y„ S> bß¡

k¡_pAp¡_y„ A¡L$ kfMy„ S> lsy„.

v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu A_¡ d„qÓZuv$¡hudp„ S>¡hp„ kv¹$NyZ lsp„ s¡hp„ S> k$v¹$NyZp¡ s¡d_u k¡_pAp¡dp„ lsp. S>¡hu fus¡

v$¥Ðek¡_p_¡ fpõs L$ep® bpv$ v„$X$_p\p A_¡ d„qÓZuv$¡hu_u |Å \su lsu s¡hu S> fus¡ iqL$sk¡_pAp¡_u Z |Å \su

lsu.

60

v„$X$_p\pdp„ S>¡hu iqL$s lsu s¡hu S> iqL$s s¡d_u k¡_pdp„ lsu. v„$X$_p\p_¡ Apop Ap`hp_u kÑp lsu.

dlpfpZu_p lp\_u dlp¡f s¡_u pk¡ lsu. Ap fus¡ d„qÓZuv$¡hu A_¡ v„$X$_p\pv$¡hu_u k¡_p Qpgu Ðepf¡ s¡_p cpf\u

^fsu Tygp Tyghp gpNu.

cep_L$ eyÝ^ iê$ \B Ney„. N`pmp kpd¡ N`pmp, lp\uk¡_p kpd¡ lp\u, Âpp¡X$¡khpfp¡_u kpd¡ Âpp¡X$¡khpf,

s¡d eyÝ^ \hp gpÁey„. v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu rhkN_u kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp gpÁep. hukyL$f_u kp\¡ íepdp cNhsu drZ_p „

^_yjbpZ\u eyÝ^ L$fhp gpÁep. Aðê$Y$p v$¡hu, DgyL$Æs v$¥Ðe kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp gpÁep. lysuk¡__u kp\¡ sufkL$fZu

v$¡hu eyÝ^ L$fhp gpÁep.

dgv$ v$¥Ðe_u kp\¡ DÞds c¥fhu eyÝ^ L$f¡ R>¡. gÂpyíepdp Ly$kyf_u kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fu füp R>¡. õhà_¡îu v$¡hu

d„Ngpn _pd_p v$¥Ðe_u kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fu füp R>¡, hp hprl u v$¡hu v|$^Z _pd_p v$¥Ðe kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fu füp R>¡. L$p¡gpV$ O _

v$¥Ðe_u kpd¡ âQ„X$L$pgu eyÝ^ L$fu füp R>¡. v$¥Ðep¡_u V$gu Anp¥rlZu k¡_pAp¡ R>¡ A¡V$gu S> iqL$sAp¡_u k¡_p ¾$p¡ \u S>¡

A¡L$buÅ_u kp\¡ eyÝ^ L$fu flu R>¡.

Ap fus¡ ce„L$f eyÝ^ \hp gpÁey„. vy$ô$ v$p_h hukyL$f¡ Å¡ey„ L$¡ p¡sp_u k¡_p ÂpV$u flu R>¡ A_¡ iqL$sk¡_p hû

flu R>¡. s¡ Å¡B s¡Z¡ ¾$p¡ \u dlp_ _yóe M¢Ãey. s¡Z¡ kdõs iqL$sk¡_p D`f sjp (sfk gpN¡ s¡hy„)i÷ a¢L$ey„.©

©sjp A÷_p âcph\u, h_dp„ v$php_m gpN¡ s¡d iqL$sAp¡ sfk\u ùX$php gpNu. ÓuÅ rv$hk_u khpf¡

A¡L$ lp¡f k|e® QY$ep¡ Ðepf¡ s¡Z¡ i÷ R>p¡X$ey„. hukyL$f¡ R>p¡X$¡gp s ÷\u iqL$s ìepLy$m \B NB. s¡Ap¡_u BqÞÖep¡ ©jp A Ap¡

L$pd L$fsu b„^ \B NB A_¡ spmh„y kyL$php gpÁey„. L$p_p¡\u L$p„B k„cmpB _lp¡sy„ füy A_¡ vy$b®msp Aphu NB. „

iqL$sAp¡ lr\epf R>p¡X$u_¡ c|rd f X$hp gpNu iqL$sAp¡_¡ Aphu fus¡ sfk_p¡ ìepr^ ìepàep¡. s¡Ap¡ eyÝ^dp„ âeÐ_ .

_\u L$fu flu A_¡ DÐkpl frls \B_¡ sfk\u rhgp` L$fu flu R>¡ s¡ Å¡B_¡ d„qÓZuv$¡hu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_¡ tQsp .

\B.

Ars tQsp\u íepdp cNhsu v„$X$_p\p_¡ bp¡gu : Ap_p¡ L$p¡B ârsL$pf L$fhp¡ Å¡BA¡. l¡ kMu v„$qX$_u, Ap vy$ô$

hukyL$f_p s p A÷_p¡ âcph R>¡. iqL$s_u k¡_p L$¡hu rir\g \B NB ! Ap rh^psp_p¡ L$¡hp¡ M¡g ? spmhp kyL$pB ©j

Nep„ R>¡ s¡\u L$p¡B bp¡gu Z _\u iL$su. Aphu Ap`Zu qõ\rs Å¡B_¡ dl¡ðfu iy„ L$l¡i¡ ? v$¥Ðe¡ S>¡ rhÂ_ _p¿ey„ R>¡

s¡_p¡ D`pe rhQpfhp¡ Å¡BA¡.

l¡ v„$X$_p\p ! ApW$ lÅf ernZu k¡_pdp„ A¡L$ `Z iqL$s A¡hu _\u L$¡ S>¡ sfk\u _ ùX$psu lp¡e. Ap

Ahkf¡ iqL$sAp¡A¡ `p¡s`p¡sp_p„ i÷p¡ a¢L$u v$u^p„ R>¡ Aphu sL$ Å¡B_¡ vy$ô$ v$¥Ðe bpZp¡\u iqL$sAp¡_¡ dpfi¡.

eyÝ^c|rddp„ sd¡ ¡ ly„ b„ß¡ dmu Ap_p¡ D`pe ip¡ûA¡. v„$X$_p\p f\dp„ |h®dp„ S>¡ ky^p kdyÖ_¡ Apop A_ _p kdyÖ R>¡ s¡

Ap`p¡ L$¡ s¡ iqL$sAp¡_u sfk dV$pX$¡ \p¡X$p S>m`p_\u s¡Ap¡_u sfk _l] rR>`pe. s¡ ky^p kdyÖ k„ |Z® iqL$sAp¡_u .

sfk_¡ syá L$fi¡. s¡_p\u iqL$sAp¡_u sfk rR>`pi¡ A_¡ eyÝ^dp„ DÐkpl A_¡ bm_u h©[Ý^ \i¡.

Ap î¡›$ D`pe rhQpfu_¡ v„$X$_p\p s\p d„qÓZu v$¡huA¡ âkß \B_¡ ky^p tk^y_¡ bp¡gphu_¡ Apop L$fu. dv$\u

cf¡gp, Apmk\u gpg _¡Óp¡hpmp kyhZ® S>¡hp hZ®hpmp A_¡ `yó`dpmp ^pfZ L$f¡¡gp s¡ ky^p tk^yA¡ v„X$_p\p_¡

âZpd L$ep® A_¡ s¡d_u Apop_y„ `pg_ L$ey¯. s¡Z¡ A_¡L$ hpv$mp„Ap¡_p ^pfZ L$ep. L$p¡Bê$` bpgkye® ê$`

61

S>¡hy„(s¡S>õhu) sp¡ L$p¡B sdpg S¡hy„ íepd sp¡ L$p¡BL$ ^p¡mp f„N_y„ A¡d rhrh^ ê$`p¡ ^pfZ L$fu_¡ s¡Z¡ (iqL$sk¡_pdp„

S>B_¡) lp\u_u k|„Y$ S>¡hu ÅX$u d^y_u k¢L$X$p¡ pfpAp¡ hjp®hhp dp„X$u. hpey_p hl¡hp\u s¡ pfpAp¡ A_¡L$ \B hl¡hp

gpNu. S>¡d yó`L$gp\u Aph©Ñ \e¡gp¡ d¡Âp âgeL$pm hMs¡ hjp® L$f¡ R>¡ A¡hu tk^yfpS> iqL$sk¡_p hÃQ¡ d^yf d^y_u

hjp® L$fhp gpÁep.

S>¡_u kyN„ k|„Âphp\u dX$v$p„ Z b¡W$p \B Åe A_¡ vy$b®m lp¡e s¡ âbm \B Åe s¡hp d^y_u ky^ptk^yA¡

hjp® L$fu.

d$ y_u ^pfpAp¡ `fp ® k„¿ep\u `Z h^pf¡ L$fu. iqL$sAp¡ s¡_¡ ùhp gpNu. iqL$sk¡_p_u hÃQ¡ S> d^yf

d^y_u hjp® \B v$¥Ðe_u k¡_p s¡_p¡ õì® Z _ L$fu iL$¡. iqL$sk¡_p afsu A¡ u Åm rbR>phu v$uû. lÅfp¡ bpZp¡\u h

L$v„$b h_hpku v$¡huA¡ sufp¡\u afsp¡ qL$‰p¡ b_phu v$u^p¡.Aphp L$pe®\u hpeyv$¡hsp A_¡ dê$sNZp¡_¡ Apòe® \ey„.

eyÝ^c|rddp„ iqL$ Ap¡ d y u flu R>¡. A_¡L$ âL$pf_p d^_u pfpAp¡ iqL$sAp¡_p bm A_¡ DÐkpl_¡ h^pfu flu R>¡. s

s\p S>¡_u S>¡hu ê$rQ A_¡ õhpv$_u k„v$ lp¡e s¡hp âL$pf_p d^_u pfpAp¡ \hp gpNu.

eyÝ^_p ÓuÅ qv$hk¡ b¡ `lp¡f kyû ky pkdyÖ¡ kss d^_u ^pfp L$fu. dp^hu, L$pv„$bfu,L$ë`h©n_p

`yó`p¡dp„\u b_¡gu kpfp õhpv$hpmu, kyM v$¡_pfu, kpfu kyN„^hpmu, bp¡fk‰u_p a|g_u, duW$u, suMu, A_¡L$ f„N_u,

ka¡v$ f„N_u, QuL$Zu \p¡X$u MpV$u, MpV$uduW$u A¡hu A_¡L$ âL$pf_u kyfp(d^dp„\u b_sp„ uZp)_u ky^p kdyÖ¡ hjp®

L$fu. s¡ kyfpAp¡ Âpph_¡ dV$pX$hphpmu, lpX$L$p_¡ kp„ hphpmu, eyÝ^_p¡ \pL$ v|$f L$fhphpmu lsu L$p¡B kyfp W„$X$u sp¡ L$p¡B

\p¡X$u Nfd lsu. k„sp`_¡ lfhphpmu A_¡ S>e v$¡hphpmu s¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p âL$pf_u kyfpAp¡_y„ A¡L$ âlf kyû Å¡NZuAp¡

r_f„sf p_ Lfsu flu.s¡dZ¡ KQp dp¡Y$p fp¿ep R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_u Æc Qpgu flu R>¡. iqL$sAp¡ Ap„Mp¡ d]Qu_¡ kyfp

ùh¡ R>¡.

ky^p kdyÖ¡ Ap âdpZ¡ kyfpAp¡_u M|b ^pfp L$fu Apù. iqL$sAp¡_¡ syqá \B `R>u ky^p kdyÖ `p¡sp_y„

qv$ìeê$` ^pfZ L$fu `p¡sp_p `h®dp„ `pR>p Apìep. ky p kdÖ, `h®dp„ S>B_¡ v„$X$_p\pv$¡hu_¡ âZpd L$ep® A_¡ `R>u y ¡

N„cuf hpZu\u Ap hQ_ bp¡ëep : l¡ v„$X_preL$¡ dlpfpZu ! d¢ kh® iqL$s kd|l_u s©qá L$fu R>¡. (kyfp`p_\u sá ©

\B_¡) L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡ _©Ðe L$fu flu R>¡, L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡ NpB flu R>¡, L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡ `p¡sp_p L„$v$p¡fp_u ÂpyÂpfuAp¡

hNpX$u flu R>¡, L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡ lku flu R>¡ sp¡ L$p¡B iqL$sAp¡ Ap_„v$\u dshpgu \B flu R>¡.

Aphu fus¡ ky^pkdyÖ¡ iqL$sAp¡_p¡ h©Ñp„s L$üp¡. Ap kp„cmu_¡ v„$X$_p\p_¡ M|b S> k„sp¡j \ep¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡

bp¡ëep : l¡ ky^p tk y, ly„ spf \u âkß \B. s¢ M|b S> dv$v$ L$fu. Ap s¢ v$¡hspAp¡_y„ L$pe® L$ey¯ R>¡. s¢ rhÂ_ v$|f L$fu v$u^y„. p

lh¡ `R>u Üp`feyNdp„ S>¡V$gp eo \i¡ s¡dp„ v$¡hspAp¡ S>¡d kp¡d`p_ L$fsp lsp s¡d spfp¡ (A\p®s¹ d^yf yó`fk

d^dp„\u b_ph¡gu rhrh^ âL$pf_u kyfp ¡e v$p\p¡® fkp¡_p¡) Dèp¡N \i¡. eo_p d„Ó\u rhÓ L$fu b^pS> v$¡hspAp¡

s¡_¡ ui¡. S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ kyfp ui¡ s¡Ap¡ rf Ý^ rk Ý^, bm, õhN®, dp¡n d¡mhi¡. dl¡ðfu, dlpv$¡h, bgv$¡h,iy¾$pQpe®, q q

v$ÑpÓ¡e, bûp, rhóÏ A_¡ dlpS>_ ui¡. eodp„ S>¡ s_¡ (kyfp) ui¡ s¡_¡ kh® âL$pf_u rkqÝ^ v$Bi.

Ap fus¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡huA¡ ky^p tk y_¡ hfv$p_ Apù ky^p tk^y_¡ k„sp¡j dpX$ep¡.

(Ap âL$fZdp„ hrZ®s ky^p A\hp kyfp A¡ AÐepf_p âQrgs _ipL$pfL$ v$pê$ hN¡f¡ âL$pf_p uZp_p¡ D‰¡M

62

_\u `f„sy `yó`p¡dp„\u Tfsp d^yf d^ydp„ rhrh^ Ap¥jrÂp¡ A_¡ `pQL$ s\p DÑ¡S>L$ dkpgp hN¡f¡ rdqîs L$fu_¡

b_phhpdp„ Aphsp rhriô$ ¡e v$p\®_¡ kyfp A\hp ky^p(A\p®s¹ Ad©s syëe) fk_y„ _pd Ap`hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ S>¡

ifuf_p L$ô$p¡, ìeprÂp¡ A_¡ ùX$p hN¡f¡_y„ r_hpfZ L$f_pf, bm s\p DÐkpl h^pf_pf s\p DÑd iqL$sAp¡_¡

Mughu cp¥rsL$ s\p ApÝepqÐdL$ Dßrs k^phu Ap`hpdp„ klpeL$ DÑd Ap¥jr^ê$` R>¡. |h®¡ kÐeeyNdp„ v$¡hspAp¡

k|e® Q„Ö_p„ qL$fZp¡_¡ S> ku^p N°lZ L$fu iL$sp lsp„. s¡_¡ kp¡d`p_ L$üy R>¡ f„sy Ðepf`R>u_p eyNp¡dp„ yó`p¡_p d^,

Ap¥jrÂp¡_p AL®$ hN¡f¡_p rdîZdp„\u kyfp_y„ r_dp®Z L$fu s¡_y„ p_ L$fhp_y„ âQrgs bÞey„. L$pfZ L$¡ ku^p¡ S> k|e®

A_¡ Q„Ö_p¡ âL$pi N°lZ L$fu_¡ s¡dp„\u EÅ d¡mhhp_y„ rhop_ gyá \hp gpÁey„ lsy„ A_¡ s¡hu ipfuqfL$ fQ_p `Z ®

`R>u_p eyNp¡dp„ L$pe®nd flu _rl„ Ap\u kyÿd âL$pi_¡ uhp_¡ bv$g¡ cp¥rsL$ fkp¡_y„ v$¡hspAp¡ Apõhpv$_ L$fhp gpÁep

lsp„. v$pê$ hN¡f¡ _iugp v$p\p£ L$rgeyN_u rhi¡jspAp¡ R>¡. Ap\u kp¡dfk, d y, kyfp A_¡ ky^p hN¡f¡ iåv$p¡\u hrZ®s

Ad©ssyëe ¡e v$p\p¡®_¡ v$pê$ kp\¡ kfMphhp _ Å¡BA¡)

(ApNm eyÝ^_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp„ leN°uhÆ bp¡ëep :) d„qÓZuv$¡huA¡ A_¡ v„$X$_p\pv$¡hu A¡ eyÝ^ dpV$¡ s¥epfu L$fu

v$uû. afu\u v$p_hp¡ kp\¡ iqL$sAp¡_y„ eyÝ^ iê$ \B Ney„. iqL$sAp¡A¡ âkß \B_¡ A¡hy„ AË$lpõe L$ey® L$¡ v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡

NpÆ EW$u. kh® iqL$sAp¡ d y p_ L$fu_¡ dshpgu \B NB. s¡d_p _¡Óp¡ Aph¡idp„ gpg \B Nep„. iqL$sAp¡A¡ v$¥Ðep¡

D`f Å¡fv$pf Ap¾$dZ L$ey¯. S>¡_u kpd¡ l¡gp gX$su lsu s¡_u kpd¡ S> kyfp\u iyf \B_¡ afu\u gX$hp gpNu. dv$\u

_¡Óp¡ gpg \B Nep. Aphy„ v$¡hspAp¡_p h¡fu v$¥Ðep¡ A_¡ iqL$sAp¡ hÃQ¡ ce„L$f eyÝ^ \hp gpÁey„. S>¡hu fus¡ d©Ðey L$p¡B_p

X$f hNf k„lpf L$f¡ s¡hu fus¡ v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ k„lpf \hp gpÁep¡. eyÝ^_p DÞdpv$\u iqL$sAp¡_p `N ^fsu `f qõ\f flu

iL$sp _\u. s¡Ap¡ hufcpjp (A\p®s¹ iÓyAp¡_y„ d_p¡bm s|V$u S>pe s¡hu `X$L$pf L$fhp_u fus¡)bp¡gu flu R>¡ `f„sy

ÂpdpkpZ eyÝ^dp„ L$p¡Z iy„ bp¡gu füy„ R>¡ s¡ Z õ`ô$ k„cmpsy„ _\u. iqL$sAp¡_p„ gpgQp¡m _¡Óp¡ L$v„$b_p a|g_u S>¡d

a|g¡gp„(dp¡V$p„ \e¡gp„) v$¡Mpe R>¡. s¡d_u ×[ô$ iÓyAp¡ D`f S> gpN¡gu R>¡. eyhfpS> hukyL$f_u v$¥Ðek¡_p_p¡ iqL$sAp¡

_pi L$fhp gpNu.

kp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_p¡ v„$X$_p\pv$¡huA¡ _pi L$ep£. v$p¡Y$kp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_¡ d„qÓZuv$¡huA¡ dpfu. Aðê$Y$p

v$¡hu A_¡ s¡d_u kp\¡_u buÆ v$¡huAp¡A¡ v$p¡Y$kp¡ Anp¥rlZu k¡_p_¡ dpfu. fZd¡v$p_dp„ suh° A„Ly$i hX$¡ Aðê$Y$p

v$¡huA¡ DgyL$Æs v$¥Ðe_¡ `fgp¡L$_p¡ Ars\u b_phu v$u^p¡. k„`ÐL$fu v$¡hu S>¡hu buÆ v$¡huAp¡ L$¡ S>¡ v„$X$_p\pv$¡hu_u

iqL$sAp¡ R>¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ yê$jZ Apqv$ c„X$pkyf_p v$i cpZ¡S>_¡ dpfu _p¿ep.

k|e®_pfpeZ Aõs \ep A_¡ v$¥Ðep¡_u kÂpmu k¡_p _pi `pdu. hukyL$f_u kpd¡ íepdgpv$¡hu eyÝ^ L$fhp

gpÁep. v$¥Ðe_p A÷i÷_u kpd¡ íepdgpv$¡hu s¡hp„ S> âL$pf_p A÷ i÷_p âlpf L$fu füp R>¡. ce„L$f i÷p¡_p

A\X$php_p AhpS>\u v$¡hspAp¡ Z L„$r`s \B füp R>¡. âQ„X$ h¡N\u d„qÓZuv$¡hu eyÝ^ L$fu füp R>¡.

dlpbmhp_ hukyL$f v$¥Ðe_p suÿZ bpZp¡_¡ d„qÓZuv$¡hu ¾$d`|h®L$ L$pù füp R>¡. s¡dZ¡ s¡ v$¡Ðe_u Å L$pù

_pMu A_¡ f\ sp¡X$u _p¿ep¡. s¡_p _yóe_u ZR>(v$p¡fu) L$pù _pMu A_¡ Ðepfbpv$ _yóe_¡ Z bpZp¡ Üpfp L$pù

_p¿ey„. Aq‚ kdp_ âL$pris b°ûrifp _pd_p A÷ hX$¡ d„qÓ_p\p ¡ hkyL$f v$¥Ðe_y„ fZc|rddp„ dv®$_ L$fu _p¿ey„.A q

Ap sfa, rhk„N dlpv$¥Ðe_u kp\¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu eyÝ^ L$fu füp R>¡. Q„„$X$ _pd_p dykm\u v„$X$_p\pv$¡hu eyÝ^

63

L$fhp gpÁep A_¡ rhk„N_¡ dpfhp gpÁep. rhk„N pk¡ L$pmv„$X$ S>¡hu Nv$p lsu. s¡ Nv$p DNpdu A_¡ bmhp_ cyÅAp¡

hX$¡ kly_¡ ce dpX$¡ s¡hy„ ce„L$f eyÝ^ L$fhp gpÁep¡.A¡L$ buÅ_p A„Np¡ D`f Nv$p dpf¡ R>¡. A_¡ âQ„X$ lpõe L$f¡ R>¡ s\p

A¡L$buÅ_¡ lfphhp_p v$ph AS>dph¡ R>¡. A_¡L$ âL$pf_p ¢sfp fQ¡ R>¡ A_¡ Np¡m af¡ R>¡. ÂpX$uL$ pkdp„ A_¡ ÂpX$uL$ v|$f

\B Åe R>¡. A¡L$buÅ_¡ Nv$p dyim dpfu_¡ eyÝ^dp„ dp¡l dpX$u füp R>¡. A¡L$buÅ_¡ âlpf L$f¡ R> A_¡ A¡L$buÅ_¡ ¡

dpfhp dpV$¡ dv$\u DÝ^s \B_¡ gpN Np¡s¡ R>¡.

v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_p dlpd|im kp\¡ huk„N_u Nv$p V$L$pfpe R>¡ Ðepf¡ ApL$pidp„ ce a¡gpe R>¡. v„$X$_p\p A_¡ v$¥Ðe

huk„N hÃQ¡ dlpce„L$f eyÝ^ \B füy„ R>¡. Ü„ÜeyÝ^ AX$û fps ky u Qpëey„. v„$X$_p\p_¡ ¾$p¡^ ìepàep¡ A_¡ huk„N_¡

dpfhp_u s¥epfu L$fu.

v„$X$_p\pv$¡huA¡ lm\u rhk„N_¡ M¢Ãep¡ A_¡ d|im\u dõsL$ `f âlpf L$ep£¡. d|im_p âlpf\u rhk„N

dlpv$¥Ðe_p âpZ _uL$mu Nep A_¡ s¡ c|rd f X$ep¡.

Aphu fus¡ d„qÓZu v$¡hu A_¡ v„$X$_p\pv$¡huA¡ dlp_ fp¾$d L$ey¯. ApMu fpqÓ fZc|rddp„ S> kpf \B NB

A_¡ s¡Ap¡ khpf¡ rirbfdp„ lp¢Ãep.

âL$fZ - 19

c„X$pkyf h^

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ leN°uh F$rj, d„qÓZuv$¡hu_p„ bm_y„ sd¡ hZ®_ L$ey®„, s¡dS> rhk„N_¡

v„$X$_p\pv$¡huA¡ dpep£ s¡ Z sd¡ hZ®_ L$ey®„.

lh¡ îuv$¡hu_y„ fZc|rddp„ fp¾$d kp„cmhp_u BÃR>p R>¡. c„X$pkyf_p bß¡ cpBAp¡_p h^ \ep bpv$ c„X$pkyf

v$¥Ðe¡ iy„ L$ey¯ s¡ d_¡ kp„cmhp_u BÃR>p R>¡. c„X$pkyf_¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp_p¡ DÐkpl L$¡hu fus¡ \ep¡ ? c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ L$p¡_u kp\¡

dmu_¡ eyÝ^ L$ey¯ ? s¡_p¡ klpeL$ L$p¡Z lsp¡ ? s¡ kh® S>Zphhp L©$`p L$fp¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ dlpby[Ý^dp_, kh® p`p¡_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmp dp grgsp A„bp_y„ qhÓ QqfÓ sd¡

kp„cmp¡. Ap QqfÓ ArZdp Apqv$ ApW$ rk[ÝÂp¡ v$¡hphpm A_¡ kh® `p`p¡_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmp `p„Q `h®dp„ s¡_y„ y„

rL$s®_ L$fhp\u L$urs® h^pfhphpmy„ R>¡. Aô$du, Qp¥v$i, y_d, Adpk A_¡ k„¾$p„sA¡ p„„Q h® R>¡.

Äepf¡ c„X$pkyf_p yÓp¡ eyÝ^dp„ dpep® Nep Ðepf¡ dlp_ vy$:M\u c„X$pkyf rhgp` L$fhp gpÁep¡. s¡ sghpf_¡

Âpydphhp gpÁep¡. Ap„Mp¡ A„Npfp S>¡hu gpg \B NB. L$pmp¡sfp _pN_u S>¡d a|„apX$p„ dpfhp gpÁep¡.s¡ kh®¡

k¡_p`rsAp¡_p AÂen Ly$qV$gpn_¡ bp¡ëep¡ : l¡ Ly$qV$gpn sy„ k¡_p_¡ s¥epf L$f A¡d L$lu s¡ ¾$p¡ \u ly„L$pf L$fhp gpÁep¡ A_¡

DÐ`pshpm d¡ _u S>¡d NS®>_p L$fhp gpÁep¡. s¡Z¡ hÇ>`ps_¡ kl_ L$f¡ s¡hy„ L$hQ ^pfZ L$ey„®, ùW$ D`f cp\p¡ p O

bp„Ýep¡. L$W$Z v$p¡fuhpmp _yóe_¡ pfZ L$ey¯. L$pgpq‚_u S>¡d ¾$p¡^pedp_ \B p¡sp_p _Nfdp„\u blpf _uL$ýep¡. Qpf¡

v$fhpÅ_p fnL$p¡ s\p s¡_u k¡_p kp\¡ _uL$ýep¡. s¡ Qpf _Nf fnL$p¡A¡ i÷p¡ A_¡ L$hQ pfZ L$ep® R>¡. S>¡Ap¡ õhcph¡

DÝ^s R>¡, s¡hp `p„Óuk k¡_p`rsAp¡ A_¡ Ly$qV$gpn_u kp\¡ s¡ _uL$ýep¡.s¡_p lr\epf A_¡ L$¡i QdL$u füp„ R>¡.

64

L$p„V$phpmp b¿sf l¡ep® R>¡. b¡ lÅf Anp¥rlZu k¡_pAp¡ s\p buÆ „Qpku Anp¥rlZu k¡_p kp\¡ iÓyAp¡_p¡ _pi

L$fhp s¡Ap¡ A¡L$ kp\¡ Qpëep.

kly k¡_pAp¡_¡ gB_¡ Äepf¡ c„X$pkyf Nep¡ Ðepf¡ i|ÞeL$`yfdp„ dpÓ ÷uAp¡ S> flu NB. c„X$pkyf_p¡ dlpf\ b¡

lÅf tkl_u iqL$shpmp¡ R>¡. s¡ f\ TX$`\u Qpghphpmp¡ A_¡ L$pmA[‚_u S>¡d âL$pidp_ R>¡. s¡Z¡ lp\dp„ ÂppsL$

_pd_y„ MX$N pfZ L$ey¯ R>¡ S>¡ Q„Ölpk(A\p®s¹ Q„Ö_u L$gp S>¡hu Np¡m sfX$p ApL$pf_u sghpf)S>¡hu ApL©$rshpmy„ v$p„

A_¡ ce„L$f R>¡.

Qpf¡L$p¡f k¡_p Qpghp gpNu s¡\u M|b S> |m EX$u. ÅZ¡ s¡_u k¡_p_p¡ cpf ©Õhu kl_ L$fu iL$su _ lp¡e

A_¡ s¡\u ©Õhu, |m b_u_¡ ApL$pidp„ EX$u S>su lp¡e s¡d gpNsy„ lsy„. L$p¡B Akyfp¡ sp¡ ApL$pidpN®\u Qpgu füp

lp¡e s¡d DR>msp„ S>B füp„ lsp„. L$p¡B L$p¡B sp¡ buÅ Akyfp¡_u D`f QX$u b¡W$p„ lsp„, sp¡ L$p¡B f\p¡dp„ b¡Wp lsp„.

qv$ipAp¡dp„, ©Õhu D`f L$¡ ApL$pidp„ L$p„B kdpsy„ _\u. A¡L$buÅ kp\¡ vy$:M |h®L$ ÂpkpB_¡ Qpgu füp R>¡ A¡V$gu cuX$

R>¡. Aphu fus¡ s¡ kh® k¡_p krls Akyfp¡ Qpëep. s¡d_u k¡_p Qpghp\u S>¡d hpv$mp„ NX$NX$¡ s¡hp AhpÅ¡ \hp gpÁep.

c„X$pkyf dyMdp„\u hpf„hpf L$W$p¡f tkl_pv$ (NS®>_pAp¡) \hp\u ÅZ¡ S>Ns ApMy„ ìepLy$m \B Ney„. kpNf kyL$pB _p

Nep. k|e®, Q„Ö ÅZ¡ cpNu Nep. ApL$pidp„\u spfp X$hp gpÁep, Õhu X$p¡ghp gpNu. qv$ipAp¡_p lp\u Ópk pçep. ©

v$¡hspAp¡_¡ d|R>p® \B NB. iqL$sAp¡_u k¡_pAp¡ `Z Ap kÂpmy„ Å¡B_¡ cecus \B NB. eyÝ^c||rddp„

iqL$sk¡_pAp¡A¡(Nd¡s¡d L$fu_¡) p¡sp_p âpZ pfZ L$fu fp¿ep.(A\p®s¹ tlds V$L$phu fpMu) c„X$pkyf A_¡ s¡_u

Akyf k¡_pAp¡_u NS®>_pAp¡_p AhpS>\u i[¼sAp¡_p lp\dp„\u i÷p¡ `X$u Nep„. s¡ i÷p¡ iqL$sAp¡A¡ tldscf ¡

`pR>p„ D`pX$u gu^p„. v$¥Ðep¡_p tkl_pv$ A_¡ k¡_p`rsAp¡_p ^_yóe_p V„$L$pf\u, ep¡Ý^pAp¡_p AhpS>\u ApMy„

S>Ns piåv$de \B Ney„. s¡hp dlp_ _pv$\u c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe _uL$ýep¡. Ap\u s¡_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp_p¡ r_òe L$fu grgs v$¡hu

`p¡s¡ eyÝ^ L$fhp s¥epf \ep.

lh¡ R>u_y„ dlpeyÝ^ iqL$sAp¡ dpV$¡ AiL$e R>¡. s¡ ÅZu vy$ô$ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_u kp\¡ dp grgsp A„bpA¡ p¡s¡

S> eyÝ^ L$fhp_p¡ r_ò L$ep£. dlp_ Dv$eê$` Q¾$fpS> f\dp„ dp cNhsu Qpëep. Qpf h¡v$p¡ S>¡_p„ `¥X$p„ , Qpf e

`yê$jp\®(^d®, A\®, L$pd, dp¡n) A¡ Qpf s¡_p p¡X$ R>¡. Ap_„v$_u ^Å R>¡. s¡ f\_p _h `h® R>¡. s¡ _h `h®_u O p

v$¡huAp¡A¡ dp¡V$p„ dp¡V$p„ _yóe pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡. fp^® k„¿ep L$fsp„ Z h^pf¡ iqL$sAp¡_p¡ kdyv$pe(`qfhpf) R>¡. kh®

`h®dp„_u v$¡huAp¡\u f\_u fnp \B flu R>¡. A¡hp¡ v$i ep¡S>_ KQp¡ dlpfpZu_p¡ Q¾$fpS> f\ Qpghp gpÁep¡.

Q¾$fpS> f\_u kp\¡ íepdp cNhsu_p¡ A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_p¡ f\ `Z Qpëep¡. Q¾$fpS> f\_u ApNm N¡e

Q¾$f\ f\ Qpgu füp¡ R>¡ A_¡ ApNm L$ufuQ¾$fpS> f\ Qpgu füp¡ R>¡. A_¡ buÆ iqL$sAp¡_p„ hpl_p¡ Z fp^®\u

h^pf¡ R>¡. L$p¡B_y„ hpl_ _©tkl R>¡ sp¡ L$p¡B_y„ hpl_ KV$ R>¡, L$p¡B_y„ hpl_ d_yóe R>¡. L$p¡B_y„ hpl_ kp R>¡, L$p¡B_y„ `

hpl_ d©N R>¡, L$p¡B_y„ hpl_ nu R>¡, L$p¡B_y„ hpl_ Âpp¡X$p¡ R>¡, L$p¡B_y„ hpl_ lp\u R>¡, L$p¡B_y„ hpl_ c¡fy„X$ R>¡, L$p¡B_y„

hpl_ hpÂp R>¡, L$p¡B_y„ hpl_ hpey_u S>¡d EX$¡ s¡hp„ d©N R>¡. Ap âL$pf_p„ A_¡L$ iy`nuAp¡ s¡ i[L$sAp¡_p„ hpl_ R>¡.

_p_u dp¡V$u bû S> i[L$sAp¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p¡ h^ L$fhp dpV$¡ sáf \B R>¡. A[‚âpL$pf(A[‚_p¡ qL$‰p¡) S>¡dp„

i[L$sk¡_p_p¡ r_hpk lsp¡ s¡ qL$‰p_p¡ v$fhpÅ¡ A¡L$ ep¡S>_ `lp¡mp¡ lsp¡ `f„sy s¡ `Z k¡_p_¡ blpf _uL$mhp dpV$¡

kp„L$X$p¡ `X$sp¡ lsp¡. k¡_p s¡dp„\u _uL$mu _lp¡su iL$su. Ap\u Ähpgpdprg_u v$¡huA¡ s¡ v$fhpÅ_¡ dp¡V$p¡ L$fu v$u^p¡,

65

S>¡\u bû k¡_p kpfu fus¡ rL$‰p_u blpf _uL$mu iL$¡. Ap k„kpf_u dlp_ Dv$ehpmu S>Nsdpsp dp grgsp A„bp

A[‚`yf\u blpf _uL$mu. v$¡hspAp¡A¡ _Npfp„ A_¡ vy„$vy$rcAp¡ hNpX$u a|gp¡_u hjp® L$fu. Q¾$fpS>f\_y„ R>Ó

õhN®gp¡L$dp„ v$¡MpZy„. rhS>ek|QL$ iyL$_ grgspA„bp_u k¡_p_¡ \hp gpÁep A_¡ v$¥Ðep¡_u k¡_pdp„ DÐ`ps \hp gpÁep¡.

bß¡ k¡_pAp¡dp„ eÝ^_p¡ âpf„c \ep¡.y

Qpf¡L$p¡f bpZp¡_u hjp® \hp gpNu, s¡\u A„^pfy„ \B Ney„. L$p¡B qv$ip v$¡Mpsu _\u, S>du_ v$¡Mpsu _\u A_¡

_\u ApL$pi v$¡Mpsy„ ! aL$s |m EX$su v$¡Mpe R>¡. AÐe„s ce„L$f eyÝ^ Qpghp gpÁey„ S>¡_p\u d©Ðey_¡ Z e gpN¡. c

Qp¡\p qv$hk_u hl¡gu khpf\u b`p¡f kyû bß¡ k¡_pAp¡ hÃQ¡ ce„L$f eyÝ^ \ey„.

Ðepfbpv$ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe A_¡ dlpfpZu grgsp A„bp_y„ eyÝ^ \ey„. i÷p¡_u AÐe„s hjp®\u v$i¡ qv$ipdp„ i÷p¡

a¡gpB Nep„. ^_yóe_p V„$L$pfp¡ A_¡ ce„L$f ly„L$pf_p AhpÅ¡ Aphu füp R>¡. dlpfpZu grgsp A„bp_p lp\dp„\u

A¡V$gu õa|rs®\u sufp¡ _uL$mu füp„ R>¡ L$¡ L$p„B v$¡Mpsy„ _\u. l¡ ANõ e F$rj, eyÝ^c|rddp„ S¡ \B füy„ R>¡ s¡ sd¡ lh¡ Ð

kp„cmp¡. _yóedp„ suf gN X$¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ A¡L$ lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ R>p¡X$¡ Ðepf¡ s¡dp„\u v$i \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ ApL$pidp„ Åe Ðepf¡ p

kp¡ kp¡ suf \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ v$¥Ðep¡_u k¡_pdp„ Åe R>¡ Ðepf¡ lÅf lÅf suf \B Åe R>¡. A_¡ v$¥Ðep¡_p ifuf ky u

`lp¢Qsp„ s¡ bpZp¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ \B Åe R>¡. bpZp¡\u ApL$pi cfu v$¡ R>¡ A_¡ A„^L$pf \B Åe R>¡ c„X$pkyf sfa dp grgsp

A„bp A_¡L$ bpZp¡ R>p¡X$u füp„ R>¡. ¾$p¡^\u gpg _¡Ó L$fu c„X$pkyf v$p_h, dp grgsp A„bp D`f ÅZ¡ bpZp¡_u Åm

rbR>phu füp¡ R>¡.

¡c„X$pkyf A„^ spdu÷ _pd_y„ dlp÷ R>p¡X$ey„, S>¡_p\u v$i¡ qv$ipdp„ A„^L$pf a¡gpB Nep¡, sp¡ s¡_u kpd¡

dl¡ðfuA¡ dlpsfZu _pd_y„ bpZ R>p¡X$u_¡ A„^L$pf v|$f L$fu v$u^p¡. c„X$pkyf¡ pM„X$ _pd_y„ A÷ R>p¡X$ey„, sp¡ s¡_p¡ _pi

L$fhp S>Nv„$bpA¡ NpeÓu i÷ R>p¡X$ey„. c„X$pkyf¡ i[¼sAp¡_¡ _¡Órl_ L$fhp dpV$¡ A„^ A÷ R>p¡X$ey„ sp¡ s¡_p¡ _pi L$fhp

dpV$¡ dl¡ðfuA¡ Qnyód_ _pd_p i÷\u s¡_p¡ _pi L$fu v$u^p¡. c„X$pkyf¡ i[¼s_pi _pd_y„ dlpi÷ fZc|rddp„ R>p¡X$ey„,

sp¡ s¡ i÷_p¡ _pi L$fhp rhðp ky _pd_ i÷ dp grgsp A„bpA¡ R>p¡X$ey„ A_¡ s¡_y„ dv®$_ L$ey.h y„

c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ ¾$p¡ edp_ \B_¡ d©ÐeyA÷ R>p¡X$ey„ sp¡ s¡ A÷_p¡ _pi L$fhp dpV$¡ dp grgsp A„bpA¡

dlpd©Ðey„S>e A÷ R>p¡X$ey„ A_¡ d©Ðey A÷_p¡ _pi L$ep£. c„X$pkyf¡ kh® õd©rs_pi \pe A¡hy„ A÷ R>p¡X$ey„ A_¡ s¡_p _pi

dpV$¡ dp grgsp A„bpA¡ Ace„L$f BÞÖAö R>p¡X$u s¡_p bm_p¡ _pi L$fu _p¿ep¡.

÷c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ iqL$sk¡_pdp„ dlpfp¡N A R>p¡X$ey„ s¡_p bm\u ne S>¡hp lÅfp¡ fp¡N i[¼sAp¡_¡ \ep. s¡_p

r_hpfZ dpV$¡ dp grgsp A„bp fd¡ðfuA¡ _pdÓe _pd_y„ dlpA÷ R>p¡X$ey„ (Ap ÓZ _p s¡ ) AÃeys, A_„s A_¡ d

Np¡thv$ s¡ cNhsu_p bpZdp„\u âNV$ \ep A_¡ s¡dZ¡ ly„L$pf L$ep£. s¡ _pdp¡_p âcph\u i[¼sAp¡_p kh®fp¡N _pi -

`pçep A_¡ dp grgsp A„bp_¡ Ap_„v$ \ep¡. cNhsu_¡ s¡ ÓZ¡e _pdp¡A¡ ( s¡ ÓZ _pd_p õhê`hpmp cNhp_

rhóÏA¡ _dõL$pf L$ep®. cNhsu_p c¼sp¡_ ìepr^ v|$f L$fhp ÓZ¡ gp¡L$dp„ s¡ _pdp¡_u r_ey[¼s dp cNhsuA¡ L$fu ) p„

`R>u s¡Ap¡ (rhóÏ cNhp__p„ s¡ ÓZ õhê$`p¡) h¥Ly„$W$dp„ Qpëep„ Nep„.

c„X$pkyf¡ Apey_pi L$fhphpmy„ A÷ R>p¡X$ey„. s¡_p bm_p¡ _pi L$fhp dpV$¡ dp cNhsuA¡ L$pmk„L$V$ fnZu A÷

R>p¡X$ey„. c„X$pkyf¡ dlpAkyf _pd_y„ ce„L$f A÷ R>p¡X$ey„, s¡_p\u lÅf dlpbm A_¡ dlpifufhpmp fpÿpkp¡ ¡v$p \B

Nep. d^yL$¥V$c, drljpkyf, ^|dgp¡Q_, Q„X$, dy„X$ Apqv$ Akyf, rQnyf, Qpdf, fL$sbuS>, iy„c, r_iy„c, °

66

dlpbmhp_ L$pgL$¡e, ^|d° S>¡hp k¢L$X$p¡ fpnkp¡ DÐ`ß \ep. Ap kh® Akyfp¡ ly„L$pf L$fu_¡ A÷i÷ hX$¡ i[¼sk¡_p_¡

dpfhp gpÁep A_¡ ce„L$f NS®>_p L$fhp gpÁep. i[¼sk¡_pdp„ lplpL$pf a¡gpB Nep¡.

i[¼sAp¡ dp grgsp A„bp_u ifZdp„ NB. fnp L$fp¡, fnp L$fp¡ s¡ kp„cmu v$¡hu AÐe„s ¾$p¡^pedp_ \ep A_¡

s¡dZ¡ âQ„X$ AË$lpõe L$ey¯. s¡ AË$lpõedp„\u vy$Np® _pd_u i[¼s âNV$ \B. kdõs v$¡hspAp¡_p s¡S>_p¡ A¡L$ `y„S>

r_dp®Z \B_¡ s¡dp„\u s¡ vy$Np® v$¡huA¡ kpL$pfê$` pfZ L$fu gu^y„. vy$Np®v$¡hu rhðê$r`Zu R>¡.

pvy$Np®v$¡hu_¡ dlpv$¡h¡ qÓi|g Apàey„, rhóÏ cNh _¡ Q¾$ Apàey„, hê$Z v$¡hspA¡ i„M Apàep¡, A[‚ v$¡hspA¡

i[¼s Apù, hpey v$¡hspA¡ cp\p¡ A_¡ _yóe v$u^p„. v$¡hfpS> BÞÖA¡ hÇ> Apàey„, Ly$b¡f¡ Ad©s uhp_y„ pÓ Apàey„,

L$pmv$¡hspA¡ L$pmv„$X$ Apàep¡. `pi^pfu edfpS>¡ `pi Apàep¡. b°ûpÆA¡ eo L$fhp dpV$¡_u L„y$X$u Apù. A¥fphs

lp\uA¡ O„V$ Apàep¡. d©Ðey v$¡h¡ Y$pg-sghpf v$uû. kdyÖ¡ _hfÐ_p¡_p¡ lpf v$u^p¡. rhðL$dp®A¡ Apc|jZ v$u^p„,

k|e®_pfpeZ¡ p¡sp_p„ qL$fZp¡ v$u^p„. Apd, dlp`yê$jp¡A¡ S>¡ Apey^p¡ Apàep„ s¡_p\u vy$Np® v$¡hu âL$pius \B Nep. buÅ

v$¡hspAp¡A¡ Z M|b S> kpdN°°u Apù. rk„lhpl_ D`f b¡ku_¡ vy$Np®v$¡huA¡ eyÝ^ Apf„c L$ey¯.

drljpkyf Apqv$ v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ vy$Np®v$¡huA¡ _pi L$ep£. S>¡hy„ káisudp„ Q„X$uL$pA¡ |h® fp¾$d L$ep®_y„ hZ®_ R>¡ s¡hy„

S> fp¾$d vy$Np®v$¡huA¡ L$e vy$Np®v$¡huA¡ A¡hy„ S> eyÝ^ L$fu D`fp¡¼s kh£ v$¥Ðep¡_¡ fpõs L$ep®, A_¡ Ðepfbpv$ dp grgsp y¯.

A„bp_¡ _dõL$pf L$ep®.

÷c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ i[¼sk¡_pdp„ d|L$ _pd_y„ A Qgpìey„ sp¡ s¡_u kpd¡ S>NÞdpspA¡ dlphpOhprl_u _pd_y„

A R>p¡X$ey„. rhÛpê$` h¡v$p¡_p sõL$f(Qp¡f) A^d Akyfp¡_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥ÐeA¡ ¡v$p L$ep® sp¡ S>Nv$çbpA¡ S>dZp lp\_p ÷

A„N|W$p_p _M_u i[L$s\u d õephspf âL$V$ L$fu s¡_p¡ _pi L$fu _p¿ep¡.Ð

÷eyÝ^dp„ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ kdyÖ A ¡v$p L$ey®. AÐe„s kdyÖ_p S>mdp„ i[¼sk¡_p Xy$bhp gpNu. dp grgsp

A„bp_p S>dZp lp\_u sS®>_u_p _M\u Apqv$ L|$d®_p¡ Ahspf \ep¡. s¡ L|$d® A_„s ep¡S>__p rhõspfhpmp¡ DÐ`ß

\ep¡. s¡_u rhipm ùW$ D`f i[¼sAp¡_¡ s¡Z¡ ^pfZ L$fu guû. i[¼sAp¡ âkß \B A_¡ kdyÖ A _p¡ ce L$pY$u ÷

_p¿ep¡. L|$d® cNhp_¡ kdyÖ_y„ b y„ S>m u gu y„.

÷c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ rlfÎepn A \u lÅfp¡ rlfÎepn Nv$p lr\epfhpmp ¡v$p \ep, s¡Ap¡ iqL$sAp¡_¡ dpfhp

gpÁep„ s¡\u rhø¹hm \B_¡ i[¼sAp¡ fZc| ddp„ Qpf¡L$p¡f cpNhp gpNu. Ap\u dp grgsp A„bp_p S>dZp lp\_u q

hQgu Ap„Nmu_p _Mdp„\u dlphfpl DÐ`ß \ep¡. s¡ hfpl ka¡v$ L$¥gpi h®s S>¡hp¡ lsp¡. hfpl cNhp__y„ ifuf

hÇ>\u Z L$W$p¡f R>¡. L$fp¡X$p¡ rlfÎepnp¡_¡ s¡Z¡ dpfu _p¿ep.

¡ °yLy$Ap\u c„X$pkyf¡ ¾$p¡^\u `p¡sp_u cy°Ly$qV$ QX$phu. s_u c qV$dp„\u L$fp¡X$p¡ rlfÎeL$ri`y `¡v$p \ep. k|e® S>¡hp¡

s¡Ap¡_p¡ âL$pi lsp¡ A_¡ k|e®_p âL$pi S>¡hp„ QmL$sp„ s¡Ap¡A¡ iöp¡ pfZ L$ep® lsp„. s¡Ap¡ iqL$sk¡_p_y„ dv®$_ L$fhp

gpÁep A_¡ âø¹gpv$_¡ Z uX$p L$fhp gpÁep. âø¹gpv$ A¡ i[¼sAp¡_p¡ fd Ap_„v$ R>¡. s¡ fd Ap_„v$ê$` âø¹gpv$ S>

bpmL$ê$` R>¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ rlfÎeL$ri`y ùX$p Ap`hp gpÁep¡.dp grgsp A„bp_p ifZdp„ s¡ Ap_„v$ Apìep¡ A_¡

dlpfpZuA¡ s¡_p D`f L©$`p L$fu. iqL$s_p Ap_„v$ê$` âø¹gpv$_u fnp L$fhp dpV$¡ dlpfpZu grgsp A„bpA¡ S>dZp

lp\_u A_prdL$p_¡ lgphu sp¡ s¡dp„\u L$¡ihpmuhpmp¡, A ‚ S>¡hp„ ÓZ _¡Óp¡hpmp¡, tkl_p dyMhpmp¡ A_¡ ApL$pf q

67

`yê$j S>¡hp¡, L„$W$_u _uQ¡_p¡ cpN rhóÏcNhp_ S>¡hp¡ A_¡ _Mê$ù lr\epfhpmp¡, L$pgê$ù Op¡f AË$lpõe L$f_pfp¡,

lÅfp¡ lÅfp¡¡ cyÅAp¡hpmp¡, dp grgspA„bp_u Apop_y„ `pg_ L$fhphpmp¡ v$¡hsp DÐ`ß \ep¡. c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_u

cy°Ly$qV$dp„\u S>¡V$gp rlfÎeL$ri`y ¡v$p \ep lsp s¡ kOmp_¡ nZcfdp„ hÇ> S>¡hp _M hX$¡ s¡ _©tkl cNhp_¡ dpfu

_p¿ep.

kh® v$¡hspAp¡_¡ uX$_pfp c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ brgfpÅ_¡ âL$V$ L$f_pf„y BÞÖp÷ R>p¡X$ey„. s¡_p\u DÐ`ß \e¡gp OZp

brgfpÅAp¡_¡ bp„^hp dpV$¡ dlpfpZu_p S>dZp lp\_u V$Qgu Ap„Nmu_p _Mdp„\u dlpbmhp_ hpd_ Ahspf

DÐ`ß \B Nep. s¡Ap¡ nZ nZdp„ hû_¡ hpd_dp„\u Å¡sÅ¡spdp„ rhfpV$¹ \B Nep. s¡d_p lp\dp„ fl¡gp pi hX$¡ s¡

brgfpÅAp¡_¡ bp„^hp gpÁep. Apd, hpd_ Ahspf\u brgBÞÖ A÷ Üpfp DÐ`ß \e¡gp„ brgfpÅAp¡ b„^pB Nep.

fZc|rddp„ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ l¥el¥e A÷ R>p¡X$ey„, s¡ A÷dp„\u A_¡L$ kl÷pSy®>_p¡ âNV$ \ep sp¡ s¡d_u kpd¡ dp

grgsp A„bp_p X$pbp lp\_p A„N|W$p_p _Mdp„\u A[‚ S>¡hp fiyfpd ¡v$p \ep. s¡Ap¡ ¾$p¡ ¡ cfpB_¡ tkl NS®>_p

L$fhp gpÁep. Ly$lpX$p_u L$W$p¡f pf\u nZcfdp„ s¡ kh® kl÷pSy®>_p¡_p¡ _pi L$ep£.

c„X$pkyf¡ ¾$p¡ L$fu ly„L$pf L$ep£. s¡ ¾$p¡^\u L$f¡gp ly„L$pfdp„\u Q„Ölpk sghpf pfZ L$f¡gp¡ fphZ DÐ`ß \ep¡.

A¡L$ lÅf Anp¥rlZu fpnkp¡_u k¡_p s¡_u kp\¡ lsu kp\¡ s¡_p¡ _p_p¡ cpB Ly„$cL$Z® A_¡ yÓ d¡O_pv$ Z lsp¡. s¡

kOmp i[¼sk¡_p_¡ L$X$u L$X$u_¡ dpfhp gpÁep, sp¡ s¡_u kpd¡ dp grgsp A„bp_p X$pbp lp\_u sS®>_u Ap„Nmu_p

_M\u ^_yjbpZ krls îufpd A_¡ gÿdZ DÐ`ß \ep. S>V$p_p dyNV$ lsp„. uW$dp„ suf_p cp\p bp„^¡gp lsp.

_ugL$dm S¡h„y ky„v$f s¡d_y„ ê$` lsy„. s¡Ap¡ ^_yóe_p¡ V„$L$pf hpf„hpf L$fhp gpÁep. nZcfdp„ qv$ìe A÷p¡ hX$¡

fpnkk¡_pAp¡_p¡ _pi L$fu _p¿ep¡. fpd¡, fphZ s\p Ly„$cL$Z®_¡ dpfu _p¿ep A_¡ gÿdZ dlphuf¡ d¡O_pv$_¡ dpfu

_p¿ep¡.

Ðepfbpv$ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ dlpcep_L$ qÜthv$ A÷ R>p¡X$ey„. A÷dp„\u ùmp _¡Óhpmp lÅfp¡ hp„v$fp DÐ`ß

\ep. ¾$p¡ \u s¡d_p„ dyM gpg S>¡hp lsp. s¡ ¾$yf hp_fp¡_u bp¡gu bp¡gsp„ i[¼sk¡_p_p¡ _pi L$fhp gpÁep, Ðepf¡ dp

grgsp A„bp_p X$pbp lp\_u hQgu Ap„Nmu_p _Mdp„\u spgp„L$(S>¡d_p f\ f spg-h©n_p rQÓhpmu ÝhÅ R>¡

s¡hp)bgfpdÆ DÐ`ß \ep, S>¡_p„ ¾$p¡^\u gpg _¡Ó lsp„. s¡dZ¡ _ug h÷p¡ pfZ L$f¡gp„ lsp„. s¡d_p A„Np¡ dS>b|s

lsp„. L$¥gpi h®s S>¡hp¡ hg s¡d_p¡ hZ® lsp¡. qv$ìe A÷\u DÐ`ß \e¡gp kh® dpephu hp_fp¡_p¡ bgfpd¡ _pi L$fu

_p¿ep¡.

dlpbmhp_ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe¡ fpS> Akyf _pd_y„ dlp_ A÷ R>p¡X$ey„. s¡ A÷dp„\u Akyf fpÅAp¡ `¡v$p \B

Nep. s¡ A÷dp„\u riiy`pg, v$¡hh°s, ipëh, L$piu`rs, `p¦X²L$, ê$[L$d, X$uçbL$, l„kL$, i„bf, âg„b, bpZpkyf,

L„$k, QpZyfd‰, dy[ô$ d‰, Afuô$, O¡_yL$pkyf, L$¡iu, L$prge, edgpSy®>_, ys_p, iL$V$, s©Zphs®, _fL$pkyf S>¡hp

Akyf fpÅAp¡ A_¡L$ k¡_pAp¡ kp\¡ i÷p¡ pfZ L$f¡gp„ ¡v$p \ep. s¡ kh®_p¡ rh_pi L$fhp dpV$¡ îu v$¡hu_p X$pbp lp\_u

A_prdL$p_p _Mdp„\u hpkyv$¡h îuL©$óZ âNV$ \ep. s¡dZ¡ bgfpd, âÛyç_ A_¡ Ar_ê$Ý^_u kp\¡ flu_¡ s¡ kh®

v$yfpQpfuAp¡ L$¡ S>¡ fpÅAp¡_p¡ h¡i pfZ L$f_pfp dlpAkyfp¡ lsp„ s¡hp ©Õhu_p cpfê$` vy$ô$p¡_p¡ _pi L$ep£.

Ap Akyf fpÅAp¡_p¡ _pi \hp\u c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ ¾$p¡ QX$ep¡ s¡Z¡ ^d®_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmy„ L$rgeyN A÷

R>p¡X$ey„. s¡ L$rg A÷\u Ap¡Ö, `yX$f, L$ufps, ihf, lyZ, dg¡ÃR> S>¡hp `p`h©rÑhpmp DÐ`ß \ep. h¡v$_p¡ _pi

68

L$fhphpmp, ^d®_p Öp¡lu, âpZuAp¡_u tlkp L$fhphpmp, hZp®îddp„ i„L$p-Ly$i„L$p L$fhphpmp, drg_ A„Nhpmp,

s¡Ap¡ kh£ dp grgsp A„bp_u i[¼sk¡_p_y„ dv®$_ L$fhp gpÁep. Ðepf¡ dp grgsp A„bp_p X$pbp lp\_u L$r_[›$L$p

(V$Qgu) Ap„Nmu_p _M\u cNhp_ L$[ëL$ DÐ`ß \ep. Að D`f Apê$Y$ \e¡gp L$[ëL$ cNhp__u ip¡cp AÐe„s

a¡gpZu. s¡dZ¡ AË$lpõe L$ey¯ sp¡ s¡_p¡ A¡hp¡ AhpS> \ep¡ L$¡ ÅZ¡ hÇ>`ps _ \ep¡ lp¡e ! cug, qL$fps, dg¡ÃR> kh£

d|rR®>s \B _ô$ \B Nep A_¡ i[¼sAp¡ lrj®s \B NB.

s¡ v$i Ahspf õhpduA¡ L$p¡B _ L$fu iL$¡ s¡hy„ Av$¹cys L$d® L$ey¯, R>u dp grgsp A„bp_¡ _dõL$pf L$fu lp\

Å¡X$u_¡ Ecp füp. ""v$f¡L$ L$ë`dp„ A^d}Ap¡_p _pi A_¡ ^d®_u õ\p`_p dpV$¡ dÐõe Apqv$ ê$` ^pfZ L$fu_¡ sy„

AphS>¡''-s¡d dp grgsp A„bpA¡ îurhóÏ_u r_ey[L$s L$fu. Ðepfbpv$ rhóÏcNhp_ h¥Ly„$W$gp¡L$dp„ Qpëep Nep.

Aphu fus¡ kdõs v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ _pi \hp\u vy$ô$ c„X$pkyf¡ dlpdp¡l A÷ R>p¡X$ey„ S>¡_p\u i[¼sAp¡ d|rR®>s \B NB.

s¡_u kpd¡ dp grgsp A„bpA¡ ip„ch A÷ R>p¡X$u_¡ dlpdp¡l A÷_p¡ _pi L$fu _p¿ep¡. Aphu fus¡ i÷p¡_u kpd¡

i÷p¡-A¡hu dlpeyÝ^_u pfp Qpgu. k|e®_pfpeZ AõspQmdp„ S>hp dp„X$ep A_¡ gpg k„Ýep \hp gpNu.

dp grgsp A„bpA¡ _pfpeZ A÷ Üpfp kh® ernZu Akyf k¡_pAp¡_¡ cõd L$fu _pMu. Ðepfbpv$ dp grgsp

A„bpA¡ piy s A÷ Üpfp L$¡ S>¡ A÷ âv$uá A[‚ S>¡hy„ lsy„ s¡_p\u c„X$pkyf_p Qpguk k¡_p`rsAp¡_¡ dpfu _p¿ep.

s¡\u c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p kOmp kp\uv$pfp¡ _pi pçep A_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe A¡L$gp¡ S> bpL$u füp¡. s¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe ¾$p¡ \u

bmu füp¡ lsp¡. S>Ns_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmp¡ lsp¡. dlpAkyf, dlpbmhpmp¡ c„X$pkyf L$¡ S>¡ Q„X$ fp¾$dhpmp¡ lsp¡ s¡_p

D`f dp grgsp A„bpA¡ lÅf k|e®_p âL$pihpmy„ ""dlpL$pd¡ðf A÷'' Qgphu_¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p¡ âpZ lfu gu^p¡.

s¡ A[‚_u Ähpgp\u fsu rkhpe_y„ b^y„ S> bmu Ney„. c„X$pkyf_p¡ _pi \hp\u rÓgp¡L$u lj®\u _pQhp gpNu.

S>¡_y„ AÐe„s rhÓ iug R>¡ s¡hp dp grgsp A„bpA¡ v$¡hspAp¡_y„ L$pe® L$ey. rhÓ ApQfZhpmp dp grgsp

A„bp, îu Q¾$fpS> f\_u ip¡cp h^pfhphpmp, ÓZ¡ gp¡L$p¡_u dpsp L$pd¡ðfu v$¡hu ip¡cpedp_ \B füp lsp„. s¡d_y„

Bðfue sÒh âL$pris \B füy„, rhS>e_u ip¡cp\u v$uù EW$ey„.

ApMu i[¼sk¡_p eyÝ^L$d®\u rMß \B NB lsu. c„X$pkyf_p âbm bpZ_p âlpf hX$¡ sù flu lsu.

k|e®_pfpeZ_p¡ Äepf¡ Aõs \ep¡ Ðepf¡ cNhsu_u °cp hX$¡ AS>hpmp„ a¡gpB füp„ lsp„. dp grgsp A„bp p¡sp_u

k¡_p_¡ qirbfdp„ gB Apìep.

dp grgsp A„bpA¡ c„X$pkyf_p¡ h^ L$ep£ s¡ Av$¹cys QqfÓ_p¡ S¡> L$p¡B pW$ L$fi¡, l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, s¡_p„ kh®

`p` _pi pdi¡ A_¡ ApW$ rkqÝÂp¡_¡ pfZ L$fi¡. cp¡N A_¡ dp¡n bß¡ s¡_¡ âpá \i¡.

dp grgsp A„bp_y„ Ap Av$¹cys, rhÓ fp¾$d kdõs p`p¡_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmy„ A_¡ k„ |Z® rkqÝ^ v$¡hphpmy„

R>¡. S>¡ d_yóe rhÓ qv$hkp¡dp„ Ap_p¡ pW$ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ cpÁe_u DÑd kd©[Ý^ âpá L$f¡ R>¡.

* Ap âL$fZdp„ c„X$pkyf¡ Ak„¿e rlfÎeL$ri`yAp¡, fphZ, riiy`pg, L„$k hN¡f¡ Akyfp¡ DÐ`ß L$ep®_u hps

Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ lpg_p L$rgeyNdp„ Ap`Z¡ âÐen Å¡B füp R>¡ L$¡ c|sL$pm_p eyNp¡dp„ S>¡ A¡L$-A¡L$ fpnkp¡ lsp„ s¡

L$rgeyNdp„ lÅfp¡-lÅfp¡_u k„¿epdp„ Aps„L$ dQphu füp R>¡. fpnku sÒh_p¡ A„^L$pf, Ópk kh®Ó a¡gpB füp¡ R>¡.

Ðepf¡ Aphp kdedp„ dp fpi[¼s_p lõs_u A„N|qgAp¡dp„\u âNV$_pfp A\p®s¹ s¡d_p Aprihp®v$_u iyc i[¼sAp¡_¡

69

^pfZ L$fhphpmp L$p¡B A¡L$ _tl Z lÅfp¡ lÅfp¡ Ahspfu (rhóÏ cNhp__p s¡S>\u eyL$s) kd\® dlp`yê$jp¡_u

Ap S>Nsdp„ S>ê$f R>¡ S>¡ Ap Ak„¿e Apkyfu vy$ô$p¡_u kpd¡ gX$¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ fpõs L$f¡, s¡_p dpV$¡ h y_¡ h^y gp¡L$p¡

iyc ApÝepqÐdL$ i[¼s_¡ ÅN©s L$f¡ s¡ S>ê$fu R>¡.

âL$fZ - 20

dv$_ `y_c®h ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ dlpby[Ý^dp_ leN°uh F$rj, dp grgsp A„bp_p fp¾$d_y„ î¡›$ hZ®_ sd¡ L$ey¯.

v$¡hu_y„ Ap rhÓ QqfÓ kp„cmu ly„ âkß \ep¡. dlpi[¼s d„qÓZuv$¡hu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_y„ fp¾$d Z kp„cýey„.

Ðepf`R>u dp grgsp A„bpA¡ iy„ L$ey¯ ? Qp¡\p qv$hk_u fpqÓ Äepf¡ kpf \B NB R>u iy„ \ey„ ?

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ dlpby[Ý^dp_ ANõÐe F$rj ! c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe dpep£ Nep¡ Ðepf R>u v$¡huA¡ S>¡ L$d®

L$ey¯ s¡ sd¡ kp„cmp¡. i[¼sAp¡_y„ k¥Þe v$¥Ðep¡_p i÷p¡\u Opeg \e¡gy„ lsyy„. dp grgsp A„bpA¡ `p¡sp_u Ad©s S>¡hu

×[ô$\u kh® i[¼sAp¡_p¡ eyÝ^_p¡ \pL$ v|$f \B Nep¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡ kh£_p d_ âay[‰s \B Nep.

Ap kde¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p _pi\u âkß \e¡gp„ kh® v$¡hspAp¡ dp grgsp A„bp_u k¡hp L$fhp sÐ`f \ep.

v$¡hp¡dp„ â^p_ b°ûp, rhóÏ, BÞÖ s\p kp\¡ AÞe v$¡hspAp¡ S>¡d L$¡ - Apqv$Ðe(k|e®v$¡h), hky, ê$Ö, dfys, kpÂe

v$¡hspAp¡, rkÝ^`yê$jp¡, qL„$`yê$j, en, _ufsu Apqv$ r_ipQf, âø¹gpv$ Apqv$ dlpv$¥Ðe hN¡f¡ kh£ Ðep„ Aphu_¡ tklpk_

`f rhfpS>¡gp dl¡ðfu_u õsyrs L$fhp gpÁep„.

b°ûpÆ bp¡ëep : S>Ns_u A¡L$ S> dprgL$ A¡hp sd_¡ _dõL$pf R>¡, _dõL$pf R>¡. qÓ`yfpv$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf R>¡,

_dõL$pf R>¡. c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmp_¡ _dõL$pf R>¡, _dõL$pf R>¡. L$pd¡ðfu hpdL$¡iu_¡ _dõL$pf R>¡,

_dõL$pf R>¡.

l¡ tQspdrZ õhê$ p v$¡hu, c¼s S>¡ tQs_ L$f¡ s¡ „yS> v$¡hp dpV$¡ sd¡ tQspdrZ R>p¡. sd¡ AtQÐe R>p¡, sd¡

sf„Nê$` R>p¡, sd¡ Q¡s_ ApL$pi R>p¡, k„kpf_u DÐ`rÑ L$fhphpmp„ R>p¡, sd¡ rQÓp _pdhpmp r_Ðepv$¡hu R>p¡. l¡ kyM

v$¡hphpmp, sd_¡ _dõL$pf.

sd¡ dp¡n Ap`hphpmp R>p¡, Q„Ödp sdpfp dõsL$dp„ ip¡cu füp R>¡. sd¡ d„v$ dyõL$p_hpmp R>p¡, sd¡ dp¡l

`dpX$hpdp„ Qsyf R>p¡. sd¡ dyÖp_u Bðfu R>p¡, sd¡ fpS>s„Ódp„ |rS>s R>p¡, l¡ dyÖprâe¡ v$¡hu, sd_¡ _dõL$pf R>¡.

sd¡ L$pm_p¡ `Z _pi L$fhphpmp R>p¡. l¡ L$p¡dm A„Nhpmu, L$p¡ dp„ sd¡ L$pgu_y„ ê$` ^pfZ L$fp¡ R>¡. sd¡

hpfpluv$¡hu ê$`¡ kdõs k¡_p_u fnp L$fu.k„`|Z® ce_p¡ sd¡ _pi L$ep£. sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡.

l¡ L©$óZ¡, l¡ v$¡hu ! sdpfp¡ `qfhpf jX„$N R>¡. R> A„N\u ey¼s S>¡ î©rshp¼e R>¡ s¡ sdpfu S> ip¡ L$f¡ R>¡. R>

Q¾$p¡dp„ sd¡ S> EÅ®ê$`\u [õ\s R>p¡, R> L$urs®Ap¡\u ey¼s R>p¡. kv$$¹cphê$`hpmp dp„ grgsp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡.

l¡ L$pgrâe¡ ! kdõs r_ÐepAp¡(r_Ðe fl¡_pfu v$¡huAp¡)dp„ sd¡ dy¿e R>p¡. L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h_p Apk_ D`f

rhfpÅ¡ R>p¡, sdpfp _¡Óp¡ L$dm S>¡hp k„yv$f R>¡. k„`|Z® L$pd_pAp¡_¡ v$¡hphpmp L$pd¡ðfu L$prd_u, k„`|Z® L$gpAp¡_p

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Ar^›$pÓu, kh® gp¡L$p¡ sdpfu L©$`p pdhp_u L$pd_p L$f¡ R>¡. sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡.

sd¡ qv$ìe Ap¡¥jr^ê$` R>p¡, qv$ìe Ap¥jrÂp¡ Äep„ DN¡ R>¡ s¡hp rldpgedp„ Aph¡gp Ap¥jr^`°õ\ _Nf ê$`¡ sd¡

R>p¡. sd¡ qv$ìe R>p¡. lÅfp¡ k|e® S>¡V$gu sdpfu L$p„rs R>¡. sd¡ v$ep\u âL$pidp_ \B füp R>p¡. sd¡ v$¡hpr^v$¡h_p

dlpfpZu R>p¡. sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡.

ArZdp Apqv$ ApW$ rk[ÝÂp¡ sdpfu k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. kv$prih_p Mp¡mpdp„ sdpfp¡ r_hpk R>¡. l¡ kæe¡ ! kv$p

A¡L$p„sdp„ kp^_p L$f_pfp c¼sS>_p¡ sdpfu |Å L$f¡ R>¡. gp¡L$p¡_¡ DÐ`ß L$fhphpmp sd_¡ _dõL$pf R>¡.

b°pûu Apqv$ dps©NZ sdpfu k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. b°pûZ A_¡ h¡v$ sd_¡ râe R>¡. b°pûZp¡_p„ b„^_p¡_y„ r_hpfZ

L$f_pfp, b°û Ad©sê$` pfp_p sd¡ fpS>l„ku R>p¡. l¡ b°û¡ðfu dp grgsp A„bp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

k„np¡rcZu Apqv$ dyÖpAp¡ sdpfu k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. sd¡ S>ÞddfZ_p¡ _pi L$fp¡ R>p¡. k„kpfgugp_p„ sd¡ kpnuê$`

R>p¡. l¡ dp grgsp A„bp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡. l¡ õhprd_u, grgsp A„bp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡.kp¡m

L$gpAp¡, L$pdpL$rj®Zu Apqv$ ApL$j®L$ i[¼sAp¡ sdpfu k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

l¡ r_Ðe¡ ! k„kpf D`f sdpfu kv$p v$ep fl¡ R>¡. sdpfu _ugu rQbyL$ R>¡. sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

A_„N Ly$kydp Apqv$ S>¡ v$¡huAp¡ R>¡ s¡ r_f„sf sdpfu k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. sd¡ Aiyc_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmp A_¡ hZ®dpgp_y„

õhê$ R>p¡. kh® v$¥Ðep¡_¡ lZ_pfp l¡ dp grgsp A„bp ! sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

k„np¡rcZu v$¡hu S>¡dp„ dy¿e R>¡ s¡ Qp¥v$ v$¡huAp¡ sdpfu r_f„sf k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. sd¡ r_Ðe âL$pidp_ R>p¡. DÐkh

râe R>p¡, S>Ns_p¡ ApÐdp sd¡ S> R>p¡. S>Ns_¡ pfZ L$fhphpmp, S>Ns_y„ L$ëepZ L$fhphpmp, S>¡_y„ õ\p_ iycê$`

R>¡ s¡hp v$¡hu dp grgsp A„bp_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

l¡ Apqv$i[¼s ! kh® rkÝ^p¡ sdpfu h„v$_p L$f¡ R>¡. kh®o gp¡L$p¡ S> sdpfp QfZpfrh„v$_¡ ÅZ¡ R>¡. Ap` kh®\u

Ar^L$ R>p¡. kh® S>ÁepA¡ ìep`L$ R>p¡, kh® rk[ÝÂp¡ v$¡hphpmp R>p¡. l¡ dp grgsp A„bp ! sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡,

_dõL$pf lp¡.

kh®op v$¡hu S>¡dp„ â\d R>¡ s¡ AphfZ_u kh®op v$¡hu klus AÞe kh® v$¡huAp¡ Ap`_u k¡hpdp„ R>¡. kh®

v$¡hspAp¡_u ApL$p„np |fu L$f_pfp, kdõs k„kpf_u DÐ`rÑ L$f_pfp v$¡hu ! Adpfu fnp L$fp¡.

âL$pidp_ ApW$dp Q¾$_¡ (AphfZ_¡) ^pfZ L$fhphpmu hri_u Apqv$ S>¡ hpÁv$¡hsp R>¡ s¡ kh£ v$¡huAp¡

hpZu_u Ar^›$pÓu v$¡huAp¡ R>¡. s¡ v$¡huAp¡ d^yf hpZu_p kd|l\u (k„yv$f `v$p¡\u) sdpfu õsyrs L$f¡ R>¡. l¡ hfv$p_

Ap`_pfp ky„v$f v$¡hu, k„kpf_u fnp L$fp¡.

bpZ Apqv$ sdpfp„ qv$ìe lr\epf R>¡. l¡ kpd°pou, c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_u k¡_p_p h__¡ bpmhphpmp sd¡ h__p

A[‚ê$` R>p¡. DN° âL$pidp_ c„X$pkyf_p s¡S>_p¡ Aõs S>¡dp„ \B Åe R>¡ s¡hp sd¡ kdyÖ R>p¡. kh® âL$pf¡ v$¡hsp sdpfu

k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

L$pd¡îu, hÇ>¡îu, cN¡îu (A\p®s¹¹ L$pd¡iu, hÇ>¡ðfu A_¡ cNdprg_u A¡ ÓZ îue„Ó_p Ap„sf qÓL$p¡Zdp„

r_hpk L$f_pfu dlpi[¼sAp¡) A¡ sdpfy„ S> ê$` R>¡. Ap` kv$p L$Þepê$` R>p¡. h¡v$ip÷ sdpfu hpZu R>¡. L$pm_p¡ _pi

L$fhpdp„ sd¡ Qsyf R>p¡. v$¥Ðep¡_u k¡_pAp¡_u hpsp® dpÓ flu NB (A\p®s¹¹ v$¥Ðep¡_u k¡_pAp¡ _pi pdu c|sL$pm_u hps

71

b_u NB) s¡ Ap`_y„ Av¹cys fp¾$d R>¡. Ap` dlpL$pd¡ðfu R>p¡. dlpgÿdu R>p¡. sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

tbvy$ùW$dp„ sdpfu qõ\rs R>¡. sd¡ tbvy$L$gpê$` R>p¡. tbvy$ùW$ S> sdpfy„ ê$` R>¡. iyÙ rQÑdp„ S> sdpfp¡ âL$pi

\pe R>¡. sdpfp L„$W$dp„ L$dmp¡_p¡ lpf ip¡cu füp¡ R>¡. dlp_ âcphhpmp dp grgsp A„bp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf

lp¡.

L$pd¡ðf cNhp__p Mp¡mpdp„ sd¡ kv$p r_hpk L$fp¡ R>p¡. sd¡ L$pgê$r`Zu R>p¡. l¡ v$¡hu ! v$ep L$fp¡, v$ep L$fp¡.

L$ë`_p A„sdp„ sd¡ L$pguê$` \ph R>p¡. l¡ L$ë`_p_u h¡guê$`, kh® L$pd_pAp¡ `|Z® L$fhphpmp sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡,

_dõL$pf lp¡.

sdpfy„ ê$`, h÷p¡, Ag„L$pf kh® gpg f„N_p„ S> R>¡. sdpfu Ap„Mp¡dp„\u kv$p L$ê$Zp hfksu fl¡ R>¡. d©N_p„

bÃQp_p„ _¡Ó S>¡hp„ sdpfp„ _¡Ó R>¡. L$dm S>¡hy„ sdpfy„ dyML$dg R>¡. kÐe_p kpfê$` sd¡ R>p¡. kh® rhÛpAp¡_u Bðfu

sd_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

l¡ rQv$q‚ (rQÑ_p âL$pi)dp„\u âNV$ \e¡gp cNhsu, sdpfp âcph Üpfp dlpv$¡h¡ L$pdv$¡h_u cõddp„\u

S>¡ c„X$pkyf Apqv$ âQ„X$ irL$shpmp, S>Ns_p L$p„V$pê$` lsp„ s¡hp v$¥Ðep¡_¡ âNV$ L$ep A_¡ s¡ v$¥Ðep¡A¡ v$¡hp¡ `f S>epf¡

AÐepQpf L$ep£ Ðepf¡ sd¡ s¡Ap¡_p¡ eyÙdp„ _pi L$ep£.

v$¡hspAp¡_¡ sd¡ _hp„ ifuf Apàep„, s¡dS> iqL$sAp¡_¡ Z _hp„ ifuf Apàep„ (A\p®s¹ |h®hs¹ kpÅ„-kpfp„

A_¡ õhõ\ L$fu v$u^p„) Adpfy„ _rh_uL$fZ L$f_pfp l¡ `fd¡ðfu sd¡ kdõs cyh__¡ lj®\u kÆh_ L$fu v$u^y„. l¡

ky„v$f v$¡hu, ky`pÓ cL$sp¡_¡ S> sdpfu L©$`p âpá \pe R>¡.

cNhp_ kv$prih_y„ buSy„> õhê$` v$¡hp¡_p v$¡h dlpv$¡h R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ Ap c|gp¡L$_p L$ëepZ dpV$¡ p¡sp_y„ s¡S> kh®Ó

a¡gphu füp R>¡. s¡ dlpv$¡hÆ Ap kde¡ s¡d_p õ\pÏ _pd_p Apîddp„ rhfL$s (h¥fpNu) ê$` pfZ L$fu_¡ s` L$fu

füp R>¡. v$¡hu ksu_p rhep¡N\u s¡dZ¡ kh® cp¡Np¡_p¡ ÐepN L$ep£ R>¡.

ksuv$¡huA¡ p¡sp_p r`sp v$n âÅ`rsA¡ L$f¡gu rihr_Þv$p\u vy$:Mu \B_¡ ep¡Npq‚\u `p¡sp_p âpZ ÐepNu

v$u^p„ lsp„, s¡ S> ksuA¡ lpg rldpge fpS>_u L$Þep sfuL$¡ S>Þd pfZ L$ep£ R>¡. s¡ L$Þep_y„ _pd Ddp, ph®su R>¡. Ap

L$Þep dlpv$¡h_¡ Ap`hp dpV$¡ Ad¡ (v$¡hp¡) âh©Ñ \ep. dlpv$¡hÆ Op¡f s`dp„ qõ\s lsp„. Ad¡ L$pdv$¡h_¡ dlpv$¡hÆ

`pk¡ dp¡L$ëep. L$pdv$¡h¡ dlpv$¡hÆ_p s`dp„ rhÂ_ L$ey¯, s¡\u dlpv$¡hÆ_¡ ¾$p¡^ \ep¡ _¡ s¡d_p cpgdp„ Aph¡gp ÓuÅ

_¡Ó_p Aq‚\u s¡dZ¡ L$pdv$¡h_¡ bpmu _p¿ep¡. L$pdv$¡h_u cõd b_u NB. s¡ cõddp„\u c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe DÐ`ß \ep¡. s¡

vy$fpQpfu fZvy$d®v$ c„X$pkyf_p¡ sd¡ h^ L$ep£. L$pdv$¡h sdpfp\u S> DÐ`ß \e¡gp¡ lsp¡. Adpfp dpV$¡ sd¡ s¡ L$pdv$¡h_¡

S>gv$u\u Ærhs L$fu v$p¡. L$pdv$¡h_u Ð_u frs p¡sp_p rs_p rhep¡N\u M|b vy$:Mu R>¡. S>¡ frsv$¡hu L$p¡B qv$hk rs

rh_p flu _lp¡su s¡_¡ r_ó`°pZ \hp S>¡hy„ h¥ ìe âpá \ey„. l¡ grgsp A„bp, sd¡ L$pdv$¡h_¡ afu\u Æqhs L$fu v$p¡,

S>¡\u s¡ frsv$¡hu k_p\ \B S>i¡.

L$pdv$¡h afu\u dlpv$¡hÆ_u `pk¡ Åe _¡ `l¡gp„_u S>¡d afu\u dlpv$¡hÆ dp¡rls \B Åe, L$pfZ L$¡

`ph®suA¡ dlpv$¡h_¡ âpá L$fhp dpV$¡ M|b S> s` L$ey¯ R>¡ s¡ `ph®su_¡ dlpv$¡hÆ S>gv$u `fZu g¡. rih-`ph®su_p

k„ep¡N\u `R>u Ly$dpf DÐ`ß \i¡. s¡ L$prs®L$ õhpdu, kh® v$¡hspAp¡_p k¡_p`rs \i¡. s¡ hufLy$dpf eyÙc|rddp„

72

spfL$pkyf_p¡ _pi L$fi¡, S>¡ spfL$pkyf v$¡hspAp¡_p¡ h¡fu R>¡. Mp¡V$u byqÙhpmp c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p¡ s¡ spfL$pkyf rdÓ R>¡.

ÓZ¡e gp¡L$ dpV$¡ s¡ |dL$¡sy S>¡hp¡ R>¡. dlpv$¡hÆ_p¡ yÓ s¡_¡ fZdp„ dpf¡ Ðepf¡ Adpfp âpZp¡_u ârs›$p \i¡.

l¡ rÓ`yfpky„$v$fu, sd¡ d_yóep¡_p dp__¡ sp¡X$hphpmp L$pdv$¡h_¡ DÐ`ß L$fp¡. frsv$¡huA¡ p¡sp_p„ L$¡i bp„Ýep _\u

s¡ frsv$¡hu_p vy$:M_¡ v|$f L$fp¡. s¡ A_p\ frsv$¡hu sdpfp ifZdp„ Aphu R>¡. s¡_p `rs_p¡ _pi \ep¡ lp¡hp\u s¡ kph

kyL$pB_¡ dfhp X$u R>¡. l¡ qÓ`yfpv$¡hu, s¡ sd_¡ _dõL$pf L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_u D`f sd¡ L©$`p×[ô$ L$fp¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : b°ûp Apqv$ kh® v$¡hspAp¡A¡ cNhsu_u Aphu õsyrs L$fu ip¡L$dp„ d‚ A_¡ vy$:M\u

ìepLy$m \e¡gu, dfhp X$¡gu frsv$¡hu_¡ dp cNhsu_¡ v$¡MpX$u. frsv$¡hu_u Ap„Mdp„\u Ap„ky V$`L$u_¡ dyMdp„ X$u füp„

R>¡, s¡_p hpm Ry>V$p R>¡, S>¡_p ifuf_¡ |m gpN¡gu R>¡ s¡hu fqsv$¡hu, S>¡ rh^hp lp¡hp\u L$p¡B Apc|jZ l¡ep® _\u,

s¡Z¡ dp grgsp Açbp_¡ âZpd L$ep®.

vy$:Mdp„ X|$b¡gu frsv$¡hu_¡ Å¡B_¡ dp grgsp Açbp_¡ L$fyZp DÐ`ß \B. cNhsu_p L©$`p-L$V$pn\u L$pdv$¡h

`y_rS®>rhs \B DW$ep¡. L$pdv$¡h d„v$ d„v$ qõds L$fu füp¡ R>¡. L$pdv$¡h_y„ `l¡gp„_y„ ê$`, L$¡ S>¡ dlpv$¡hÆ_p ¾$p¡ \u

cqõdc|s \ey„ lsy„ s¡_p\u Z h^pf¡ DÄS>hm L$p„rshp_ ê$` L$pdv$¡h_y„ \B Ney„. s¡ L$pdv$¡h dv$\u dshpgp¡ lsp¡.

s¡_p kh® A„Np¡ h÷pc|jZ\u Ag„L©$s lsp„ A_¡ s¡_p b¡ lp\dp„ yó`p¡_p„ bpZ A_ ¡ yó`p¡_y„ _yóe ip¡cu füp„ lsp„.

`yh®S>Þd_u S>¡ àepfu frs lsu s¡_u kpd¡ L$V$pn\u Å¡B_¡ L$pdv$¡h¡ s¡_¡ Ap_„qv$s L$fu v$uû. frsv$¡hu p¡sp_p

`rs_¡ afu\u Å¡B_¡ AÐe„s Ap_„qv$s \B NB. frsv$¡hu A_¡ L$pdv$¡h_p A„sfpÐdp Ap_„qv$s \B Nep A_¡ cqL$s\u

b„_¡_p A„s:L$fZ `qf`|Z® \B Nep. Ap hps_¡ A„rbL$p dlpfpZuA¡ ÅZu A_¡ cNhsuA¡ d„v$ d„v$ lku_¡ v$u_

dyMhpmu frs_¡ Å¡B_¡ íepdgpv$¡hu_¡ L$üy„ : l¡ íepdpv$¡hu, Ap_¡ õ_p_ L$fphp¡ A_¡ ky„v$f h÷p¡ s\p Apc|jZp¡\u

`l¡gp_p S>¡hu S> s¡_¡ Ag„L©$s L$fu_¡ syf„s S> dpfu pk¡ gphp¡.

cNhsu_u Apop rifp¡ pe® L$fu_¡ íepdgpv$¡huA¡ sfs S> kh® L$fu v$u^y„. b°ûF$rj hrk›$ Apqv$ F$rjAp¡A¡

h¥hprlL$ rh^p_\u d„Nm prZN°lZ b„_¡ pk¡ L$fpìey„, kh£ AàkfpAp¡ _pQhp gpNu A_¡ Nphp gpNu. BÞÖ Apqv$

v$¡hsp A_¡ s`p¡ _ F$rjAp¡A¡ Ap Å¡ey„ A_¡ dp grgsp A„bp_u v$¡hspAp¡A¡ õsyrs L$fu.

kh® v$¡hspAp¡A¡ a|gp¡_u hjp® L$fu R>¡. Ðep„ fl¡gp„ kly L$p¡B_p d__¡ Ap rhhpl Å¡B_¡ M|b S> k„sp¡j \ep¡.

L$pdv$¡h A_¡ frsv$¡huA¡ b„_¡A¡ dp cNhsu_p QfZpfthv$dp„ cL$s \B_¡ âZpd L$ep®. frs A_¡ L$pdv$¡h cNhsu_u

kpd¡ lp\ Å¡X$u_¡ Ecp füp„. huf L$pdv$¡h, cNhsu_¡ _dõL$pf L$fu cqL$s`|h®L$ r_c®e \B_¡ Ap âdpZ¡ bp¡ëep : l¡

dp grgsp Açbp, dlpv$¡hÆ_p _¡Ó_u Aq‚\u dpfy„ S>¡ ifuf bmu Ney„ lsy„ s¡ S> ifuf sdpfp L©$`p - L$V$pn\u d_¡

afu\u âpá \B Ney„. ly„ sdpfp¡ yÓ Ry„>, v$pk Ry„>, d_¡ L$p¡B L$pddp„ gNpX$p¡. L$pdv$¡h¡ Aphy„ cNhsu_¡ L$üy„ s¡\u cNhsu

L$pdv$¡h_¡ bp¡ëep„ : l¡ L$pdv$¡h, sy„ dpfu pk¡ Aph. lh¡ s_¡ L$ep„e\u Z ce _\u. dpfp âkpv$\u A_¡ spfp Adp¡O

bpZ\u ApMp k„kpf_¡ dp¡rls L$fS>¡. spfp bpZp¡_p hpNhp\u dlpv$¡hÆ_u ufS> R|>V$u S>i¡. rldpge_u yÓu_y„

S>gv$u\u `prZN°lZ L$fi¡. spfp ifufdp„\u lÅfp¡ L$pdv$¡h âNV$ \i¡ A_¡ kh®_p„ ifufp¡dp„ âh¡i L$fu_¡ kh®_¡

Ap_„v$ Apì¡. dpfu L©$`p\u dlpv$¡hÆ h¥fpÁe A_¡ ¾$p¡ \u s_¡ cõd _l] L$fu iL$¡. l¡ L$pdv$¡h, s_¡ L$p¡B Å¡B _ iL$¡

s¡hp¡ A×íe ê$`hpmp¡ \B Å. spfp âcph\u dlpv$¡h_¡ `p¡sp_u cpep®_p¡ rhep¡N ksphi¡. s¡Ap¡ `p¡sp_y„ A^y¯ A„N

`ph®su_¡ v$B v$¡i¡. dlpv$¡hÆ spfp„ bpZp¡\u rMß \B S>i¡.

73

l¡ L$pdv$¡h ! dpfu L©$`p\u sy„ dlp_ \B Å. spfu S>¡ t_v$p L$fi¡, spfp\u S>¡ rheyL$s \i¡ s¡ S>Þd S>Þddp„

_`y„kL$ \B S>i¡. pù, vy$fpÐdp, dpfp cL$s_p Öp¡lu A¡hp yê$jp¡_¡ sy„ ANçe (A\p®s¹ p¡sp_u d®`Ð_u rkhpe_u

AÞe) ÷uAp¡dp„ â¡fu_¡ (s¡ p` L$fphu_¡) s¡ vy$ô$p¡_p¡ _pi L$f.

S>¡_y„ d_ dpfpdp„, dpfu |Ådp„ A_¡ dpfp c¼sp¡dp„ Apv$fhpmy„ R>¡ s¡_¡ sy„ kh® kyM v$¡S>¡. Ap âdpZ¡ dp

grgsp AçbpA¡ L$pdv$¡h_¡ Apop Apù s¡\u L$pdv$¡h b¡ lp\ Å¡X$u âZpd L$fu Ðep„\u Nep¡.

L$pdv$¡h¡ ApMp k„kpf_¡ dp¡rls L$fhp_p¡ k„L$ë` L$ep£ s¡ kp\¡ S> s¡_p fp¡d¡fp¡ddp„\u Ak„¿e L$pdv$¡h DÐ`ß

\B Nep„ A_¡ QfpQf rhðdp„ ìepù Nep. Ðepfbpv$ L$pdv$¡h õ\pÏ Apîddp„ dlpv$¡hÆ_¡ Æshp Nep¡. hk„sF$sy_p

v$¡hsp_¡ L$pdv$¡h kp\¡ gB Nep¡. iusg d„v$ kyN„û hpey s¡_u (hk„s_u) k¡_p R>¡. L$p¡eg_y„ d^yf Np_ s¡_y„ k„Nus R>¡.

hk„sF$sy_p âcph\u d„v$ d„v$ iusg hpey Aphu füp¡ R>¡. L$p¡eg bp¡gu flu R>¡. v$¡hp¡ A_¡ AàkfpAp¡_p

hprS„>Óp¡ hpNu füp R>¡. i©„Npffk\u k„ ß hpsphfZ \B füy„ R>¡. frs S>¡_¡ AptgN_ L$fu flu R>¡, S>e v$¡hphpmp

^_yóe\u V„$L$pf L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ hufp¡dp„ â^p_ R>¡ s¡ L$pdv$¡h, dlpv$¡h_u kpd¡ lh¡ r_c®e \B_¡ Ecp¡ flu Nep¡.

s`p¡r_›$ dlpv$¡h_¡ L$pdv$¡h¡ yó`_y„ bpZ dpey¯. Q„Öi¡Mf_¡ L$pdv$¡h¡ M|b S> a|gp¡_p„ bpZ dpep¯, h¥fpÁe_¡ v|$f

L$fu v$u^p¡ A_¡ s`_¡ R>p¡X$phu v$u^y„. dlpv$¡hÆA¡ kh® r_ed ÐepNu v$u^p. rihÆ_¡ ûfS> rh_p_p L$fu v$u^p. s¡

`ph®su_y„ Ýep_ L$fu õdfZ L$fhp dp„X$ep.

dlpv$¡h dp¡V$p„ dp¡V$p„ ðpk g¡hp gpÁep. s¡d_p Npg ùmp `X$u Nep. rhfl\u r_:ðpk _pMhp gpÁep.

ûfS>frls \B Nep. S>¡_p„ v$i®_ `l¡gp„ L$f¡gp„ s¡ `ph®su_y„ õdfZ L$fhp gpÁep. L$pdv$¡h_p„ bpZp¡_p„ Aq‚\u

dlpv$¡hÆ bmhp gpÁep. s¡d_p v$¡l_p sp`_¡ Q„Ödp_u f¡Mp s\p N„Np Z v|$f _ L$fu iL$ep„.

_„qv$, c©„Nu, dlpL$pg Apqv$ rihNZp¡ Üpfp b_ph¡gu a|gp¡_u `\pfu `f dlpv$¡hÆ hpf„hpf k|h¡ R>¡. _„qv$

Apqv$ NZp¡_p lp\ L$X$u, A¡L$ a|g_u \pfudp„\u buÆ a|g_u \pfudp„ dlpv$¡hÆ hpf„hpf Åe R>¡. a|gp¡dp„ k|hp\u

s\p Q„Ödp„\u _uL$m¡gp Ad©s\u s¡dS> rldpge_p iusm S>m\u Z s¡d_p ifufdp„\u rhfl_u ìe\p v|$f _ \B.

rhfl_p Aq‚_u ip„rs dpV$¡ bfa_u dp¡V$u rigp f dlpv$¡hÆ k|h¡ R>¡ _¡ `R>u s¡dp„ ph®su_y„ rQÓ b_ph¡

R>¡. `ph®su_y„ rQÓ Å¡B_¡ rhfldp„ h^pfp¡ \pe R>¡ _¡ L$V$pn\u `ph®su sfa Sy>A¡ R>¡. `ph®su_p rQÓ_¡ Å¡B_¡ rhfl

Aq‚ h^pf¡ âÄhrgs \pe R>¡. ph®su_¡ pdhp_u dlp_ tQsp L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ hpf„hpf rhfl_p Aq‚\u ìer\s \pe R>¡.

Qpf¡L$p¡f s¡d_¡ `ph®su S> v$¡Mpe R>¡. A¡dp„ S> d_ gNpX$e„y R>¡. s¡d_¡ `p¡sp_u kÞdyM Ec¡gp L$ëù_¡ dlpv$¡hÆ

s¡d_u kp\¡ DÞdÑ_u S>¡d hpsp¡ L$f¡ R>¡. ph®sudp„ S> s¡d_y„ ùv$e gpN¡gy„ R>¡. s¡dp„ S> rQÑ Qp¢V$¡gy„ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ ph®su

`fpeZ \B Nep R>¡. ph®su_u L$\pê$` Ad©s\u S> qv$hk-fps ìer\s fl¡ R>¡. ph®su_p ky„v$f õhcph_y„ hZ®_ L$f¡

R>¡. s¡_p ê$`_¡ Å¡hp dpV$¡ DÐkyL$ R>¡. s¡_p rdg__u BÃR>p_u dpmp a¡fhhp gpÁep. ph®su_p tQs_dp„ ph®suÆ_y„ ê$`

\B Nep. rih Ars s`pedp_ \B Nep.

Ap rhfl_p fp¡N_p¡ BgpS> _\u s¡\u dlpv$¡h¡ rhhpl dpV$¡ DÛd L$ep£. L$pdv$¡h¡ grgsp Açbp dpsp_u

Apop\u dlpv$¡hÆ_u Aphu rhflde qfqõ\rs Ecu L$fu. Apd L$ep® bpv$ L$pdv$¡h¡ Äep„ ph®suÆ s` L$fsp lsp s¡

Np¥furiMf h®s f S>B_¡ s¡d_¡ Z dlpv$¡hÆ_p¡ rhfl S>NpX$u v$u^p¡.

M|b rhfl_u Aq‚\u `ph®suÆ_p lp¡W$ kyL$php gpÁep. `ph®suÆ_y„ dyM ùmy„ `X$u Ney„. Aplpf,

74

ie_r_Öp\u rhdyL$s \B Nep. lÅfp¡ kMuAp¡ ph®suÆ_¡ ius D`Qpf L$fhp gpNu. hpf„hpf s`pedp_ \B Åe

A_¡ rhfldp„ ìepLy$m \B Åe R>¡. s¡ rhfl Aq‚_u ip„rs \su _\u. `ph®suÆ_¡ r_Öp _\u Aphsu. `ph®suÆ_u

rhflìe\p\u rldpge vy$:Mu \pe R>¡. dlpv$¡h\u L$Þep_p¡ S>¡ rhfl R>¡ s¡ dlpv$¡hÆ rkhpe L$p¡B dV$pX$u iL$¡ s¡d _\u.

Ap Å¡B_¡ rldpge_¡ M|b vy$:M \ey„.

rldpgefpS>¡ yÓu_¡ L$üy„ : l¡ L$ëepZu, sy„ s`\u dlpv$¡hÆ_¡ âkß L$f. spfp rs_¡ sy„ âpá \p. r`spA¡

A¡hu â¡fZp ph®suÆ_¡ L$fu.

rldpge_p h®sp¡dp„ Np¥furiMf _pd_p h®s_u D`f rs_u âpqá dpV$¡ ph®suÆA¡ y_: vy$óL$f s` L$ey¯.

W„$X$udp„ pZudp„ b¡k¡, Nfdudp„ Aq‚ hÃQ¡ b¡k¡, k|e® D`f ×[ô$ fpM¡ A¡hy„ Op¡f s` L$ey¯.

`ph®suÆ_p L$W$p¡f s`\u âkß \B_¡ dlpv$¡hÆA¡ rhhprlL$ rhr^\u `ph®suÆ_p¡ õhuL$pf L$fu `p¡sp_u

kdu`sp Ap`hp_p¡ r_Z®e L$ep£ s¡dZ¡ kárj®Ap¡ Üpfp rldpgefpS>_¡ (`p¡sp_u L$Þep Ap`hp) âp\®_p L$fu. kh®

`h®sp¡_p fpÅ rldpge¡ L$dm S>¡hp _¡Óhpmu `p¡sp_u L$Þep dlpv$¡hÆ_¡ A`®Z L$fu. Apd dlpv$¡h-`ph®su_p¡

rhhpl k„`ß \ep¡.

dlpv$¡hÆA¡ `ph®suÆ_y„ `prZN°lZ L$fu_¡ rldpge_¡ M|b Ap_„v$ Apàep¡. bly kde kyû dlpv$¡hÆ

`ph®su kp\¡ rhlpf L$fsp lsp„. Ap¥jr^âõ\ _pd_p _Nfdp„ kpkfp_p Ofdp„ füp„. `R>u d{$s NZp¡ krls

L$¥gpkdp„ Apìep.

`ph®suÆ_u kp\¡ L$¥gpk h®s D`f A_¡ d„v$fpQm h®s D`f füp. thÝe`h®s D`f füp A_¡ rldi¥gdp„

füp„. dge `h®s D`f A_¡ `pfuAps® h®s D`f füp„. Sy>v$p Sy>v$p `h®sp¡ D`f flu dlpv$¡hÆ ph®suÆ_u kp\¡

M|b Ap_„qv$s \ep.

õL„$v$ Ly$dpf_u DÐ`qÑ rhi¡ leN°uhÆ hZ®_ L$f¡ R>¡ : dlpv$¡hÆ_y„ S>¡ DN° hue® R>¡ s¡_¡ ph®suÆ kl_ _

L$fu iL$ep. s¡ hue® ©Õhu f X$ey„, Ðep„\u L$`p¡sê$ù Aq‚v$¡h¡ s¡_¡ N°lZ L$fu gu^y„. Aq‚v$¡h Z s¡_¡ pfZ _ L$fu

iL$ep. s¡dZ¡ s¡ hue®_¡ N„NpS>mdp„ S>hp v$u^y„, s¡dp„\u s¡_¡ R> F$rj`Ð_uAp¡A¡ N°lZ L$ey¯ f„sy s¡Ap¡ Z s¡_¡ pfZ

L$fu iL$u _l] A_¡ s¡ rihs¡S>_¡ N„NpS>mdp„ ApNm âhprls L$fu v$u^y„. s¡ R> cpNdp„ hl¢Qpe¡gy„ s¡S> afu\u A¡L$Ó

\B_¡ N„NpqL$_pf¡ kfL„$X$p_p h_dp„ A¡L$ yÓê$ ¡ ìeL$s \e„y. s¡ `yÓ_¡ R> L©$qÑL$pAp¡ _nÓgp¡L$dp„ gB NB A_¡ s¡_y„

`pg_ L$fhp gpNu. Ap rih>`yÓ_y„ _pd dlphuf, dlpk¡_ A_¡ kv$p_„v$ R>¡. `R>u N„NpÆ s¡_¡ dlpv$¡h `pk¡ gB

Nep. s¡ Ly$dpf qv$hk¡ qv$hk¡ h^hp gpÁep¡. s¡ dlp`fp¾$du lsp¡. s¡_¡ s¡_p r`spÆA¡ kh® rhÛpAp¡ Apù. r`sp_u

Apop\u s¡ v$¡hspAp¡_u k¡_p_p¡ k¡_p`rs \ep¡ A_¡ kdõs v$p_hp¡ krls spfL$pkyf_¡ dpep£.*

spfL$pkyf_p¡ h^ L$fhp\u BÞÖ âkß \ep. BÞÖA¡ v$¡hk¡_p _pd_u S>khpmu `p¡sp_u L$Þep, Ly$dpf

L$prs®L$¡e_¡ A ®Z L$fu, s¡_p¡ s¡dZ¡ õhuL$pf L$ep£. Ap õL„$v$õhpdu_¡ Å¡B v$¡hk¡_p M|b âkß \B. Aphu fus¡ L$pdv$¡h¡

ApMp rhð_¡ dp¡rls L$fu v$u^y„ A_¡ v$¡hspAp¡_y„ L$pe® L$ey¯. `R>u s¡ îu`yfdp„ Qpëep¡ Nep¡. îu`yf_Nfdp„ dp grgsp

Açbp cNhsu S>Ns_u kd©qÙ dpV$¡ fl¡ R>¡ Ðep„ L$pdv$¡h cNhsu_u k¡hp L$fhp gpÁep. *Ap AÝepedp„ Ly$dpf L$prs®L$¡e_u DÐ`qÑ_y„ hZ®_ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ hZ®_ Av¹cys kp„L$¡rsL$ R>¡. s¡dp„ S>¡ rih hue®

75

(s¡S>) rhi¡ L$l¡hpey„ R>¡ s¡ KQu L$np_y„ qv$ìe rihop_ R>¡ s¡ Akud, rhfpV$¹, r_Ny®Z, r_fpL$pf, kh®ìep`L$ A_¡

kh®kd\® fdsÒh fdpÐdp_u AtQÐe, Ar_h®Q_ue A_yc|rs_y„ î¡›$ rhop_ R>¡. cNhp_ rih_p ApÐdõhê$`dp„

fl¡g„y Ap qv$ìe op_ âpá L$fhy„, kdS>hy„ A_¡ s¡_¡ pfZ L$fu fpMhy„ AÐe„s L$qW$_ lp¡hp\u s¡_¡ rih_y„ DN° s¡S> L$üy„

R>¡. ph®suÆ âL©$rsê$`p lp¡hp\u r_Ny®Z r_fpL$pf fd b°û_p s¡ AhZ®_ue rhop_ õhê$`_¡ p¡sp_p rQÑdp„ pfZ

_ L$fu iL$ep. Ap D`fp„s Aq‚v$¡h A_¡ F$rj Ð_uAp¡ (A\p®s¹ eo L$f_pfp F$rj_u âop) Z s¡_¡ pfZ _ L$fu

iL$ep. Ap qv$ìe op_ R> rhcpNdp„ hl¢Qu _pMhpdp„ Apìey„ A_¡ s¡_¡ afu\u A¡L$Ó L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡hV$¡

_nÓgp¡L$_u L©$qÑL$pAp¡ (A\p®s¹ rhiyÙ EÝh®dyMu Q¡s_pAp¡) A_¡ gp¡L$ L$ëepZ L$pqfZu N„NpÆA¡ s¡ qv$ìeop__¡

N°lZ L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ rhL$kus õhê$` Apàey„. Ap rihop_ ê$ù qv$ìe Ly$dpf¡ Aop_ê$ù spfL$pkyf_¡ dpep£. A¡hy„ Ap L$\p_y„

flõe R>¡.

âL$fZ - 21

dps„N L$Þep âpvy$cp®h

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : îu`yf _Nf S>¡_y„ _pd R>¡ s¡ L$¡hy„ R>¡ ? s¡_y„ õhê$` L$¡hy„ R>¡ ? A_¡ s¡ kp¥\u l¡gp„ L$p¡Z¡

b_pìey„ s¡ kh® sd¡ d_¡ L$lp¡. s¡ L$¡V$gp„ rhõspfdp„ R>¡, L$¡V$gp¡ s¡_p¡ O¡fphp¡ R>¡ s¡ sd¡ d_¡ L$lp¡. sd¡ kh® k„iep¡_¡ v|$f L$fhp

dpV$¡ k|e®ê$` R>p¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : S>¡hu fus¡ dlpeo\u dp grgsp Açbp âNV$ \ep s¡_y„ `l¡gp„ Ad¡ hZ®_ L$ey¯.

Q¾$fpS> f\ s¡d_¡ âpá \ep¡. R>u b°ûp Apqv$ v$¡hp¡_u âp\®_p\u rhhpl_u rhr^ L$fu. R>u kh®gp¡L$p¡_¡ L„$V$L$ê$` A¡hp

c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_¡ dpep£. Ap\u BÞÖ Apqv$ v$¡hspAp¡ M|b S> Ap_„qv$s \ep. `R>u L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h s\p grgsp

Açbp_u r_Ðe k¡hp L$fhp dpV$¡ s¡d_y„ ky„v$f d„qv$f L$fhp_u s¡d_¡ BÃR>p \B, Ap\u v$¡hspAp¡_p L$pfuNf, rhðL$dp® v$¡h

L$¡ S>¡ r_dp®ZL$pe®dp„ Ly$im R>¡ s¡d_¡ s\p Akyfp¡_p riëù dev$p_h, L$¡ S>¡ dpepdp„ bly Qsyf R>¡ s¡ b„_¡_¡ bp¡gphu

v$¡hspAp¡A¡ s¡d_p¡ kÐL$pf L$ep£. `R>u grgsp Açbp_u Apop\u v$¡hspAp¡ bp¡ëep : l¡ rhðL$dp®, fQ_p L$fhphpmp

s\p l¡ dlp¡v$e de, sd¡ b„_¡ riëìp÷_p ÅZL$pf R>p¡ A_¡ _Nfr_dp®Z L$pe®dp„ Ly$im R>p¡. k„L$ë`dpÓ\u sd¡

rië`_u fQ_p s¥epf L$fu _pMp¡ R>p¡. sp¡ r_Ðe Ap_„v$ kpNf dp grgsp Açbp dpV$¡ sdp¡ b„_¡ kp¡m S>Áepdp„ kh®_y„

n¡Óam kdp_ lp¡e s¡hu fus¡ Sy>v$p-Sy>v$p fÐ_p¡\u Ag„L©$s (kp¡m âL$pf_p) îu_Nf_u fQ_p L$fp¡. s¡dp„ kp¡m âL$pf_p

ê$` pfZ L$fu dp grgsp Açbp S>Ns_u fnp L$fhp dpV$¡ r_hpk L$fi¡. Aphy„ Ad_¡ râe R>¡. sd_¡ Z Ap Ndi¡.

kh® gp¡L$p¡_¡ `Z Ap Ndi¡. dp grgsp Açbp_y„ _pd õdfZ L$fu_¡ fQ_pL$pe®_u iê$Aps L$fp¡. Ap âdpZ¡_p

v$¡hspAp¡_p„ hQ_ kp„cmu, rhðL$dp® v$¡h A_¡ dev$p_h b„_¡ A¡ v$¡hspAp¡_¡ _dõL$pf L$fu bp¡ëep„ A¡d S> \i¡, f„sy

Ad_¡ A¡ S>Zphhp L©$`p L$fp¡ L$¡ L$ep L$ep n¡Ódp„ Ap dlp_NfuAp¡ b_phhu Å¡BA¡ ?

v$¡hspAp¡A¡ L$üy„ : _Nf fQ_p L$fhp_p n¡Óp¡_u L$ë`_p Ap âdpZ¡ Ad¡ L$fu R>¡. `l¡gy„ _Nf kyd¡fy `h®s

D`f, buSy„> _Nf r_j^ v$¡i_p h®s D`f, ÓuSy„> _Nf l¡dLy$V$ h®s D`f, Qp¡\y„ _Nf rldrNfu h®s D`f, p„Qdy„

_Nf N„^dpv$_ h®s D`f, R>Ìy„$ _Nf _ugrNqf h®s D`f, kpsdy„ _Nf d¡O h®s D`f, ApW$dy„ _Nf i©„Npf h®s

76

D`f, _hdy„ _Nf dl¡ÞÖ h®s D`f - Ap _h n¡Ó ©Õhu D`f R>¡.

bpL$u_p kps n¡Óp¡ kps kdyÖdp„ R>¡ - duW$p_p¡ kpNf, i¡fX$u_p fk_p¡ kpNf, v$pê$_p¡ kpN, Ou_p¡ kpNf,

v$l]_p¡ kpNf, A¡L$ v|$^_p¡ kpNf A_¡ A¡L$ pZu_p¡ kpNf.

`l¡gp„ _h _Nf lpX$p¡ D`f b_phhp R>u kps kdyÖ D`f b_phhp. (Apdp„ flõe A¡hy„ R>¡ L$¡ Ap`Zp

ifufdp„ bpüA„Np¡dp„ _h õ\p_dp„ EÅ® L$¡ÞÖp¡ R>¡ S>¡d L$¡ - _prc, ùv$e, L„$W$, Æ‹p, _prkL$pN°, L$Z®, _¡Ó, ggpV$,

b°ûf„ ° (dõsL$_p¡ D`f_p¡ cpN).

A_¡ ifuf_u A„v$f kps EÅ® L$¡ÞÖp¡ R>¡ S>¡ L$fp¡X$fÄSy>_p _uQ¡_p cpN\u gB_¡ dõsL$_p D`f_p cpN

ès Aph¡gp„ R>¡ S>¡dp„ kp¥\u _uQ¡_p Q¾$\u gBA¡ sp¡ - d|gp^pf, õhpr^›$p_, drZ`yf, A_pls, rhiyqÙ, Apop

A_¡ kp¥\u D`f_y„ kl÷pf Q¾$ R>¡.

Ap âdpZ¡ Ap L$\pdp„ ifuf_p bpü õ\p_dp„ fl¡gp„ EÅ®L$¡ÞÖp¡_¡ h®sp¡ A\p®s¹ ifuf_p V$p¡Qhpmp A„Np¡

`f Aph¡gp„ iqL$s_p„ õ\p_ sfuL$¡ A_¡ ifuf_p„ KX$pZdp„ (Ap„sfuL$ cpNdp„) Aph¡gp„ kps EÅ®L$¡ÞÖp¡_¡ kdyÖdp„

Aph¡gp„ iqL$s_p„ kps õ\p_ sfuL$¡ hZ®ìep„ R>¡. Apd Ly$g 16 õ\p_dp„ ep¡Nu Ýep_ L$¡qÞÖs L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ S> Al] kp¡m

âL$pf_p îu_Nf L$üp„ R>¡.)

v$¡hspAp¡ bp¡ëep : Ap âdpZ¡ 16 n¡Óp¡dp„ dp grgsp Açbp_p îu`yf _Nf_u L$ë`_p L$fp¡ A_¡ Ap

S>ÁepAp¡dp„ dp grgsp Açbp_p„ qv$ìed„qv$fp¡ b_php¡. sdp¡ b„_¡ qv$ìe rië`p¡ b_phhpdp„ `„qX$s R>p¡. Ap n¡Óp¡dp„

v$¥Ðep¡_p¡ _pi L$f_pfp v$¡hu S>Nv„$bp kp¡m ê$`p¡ ^pfZ L$fu_¡ r_hpk L$fi¡ A_¡ Ap n¡Óp¡ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_p _pd\u

ârkÙ \i¡. Ap r_Ðep v$¡huAp¡ kdeê$ ¡ ìepá R>¡ A_¡ (rsr\Ap¡_u) NZ_pê$`\u kp¡m õhê$`hpmu R>¡. (A\p®s¹

A¡L$d\u Qp¥v$i kyû_u Qp¥v$ rsr\Ap¡ A_¡ |_d s\p Adpk A¡ b¡ dmu_¡ Ly$g kp¡m rsr\Ap¡_u A[^›$pÓu Ap kp¡m

r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ R>¡.) r_ÐepAp¡dp„ A_¡ dlpfpZudp„ L$p¡B c¡v$ _\u. r_ÐepAp¡_p _pd D`f\u S> s¡ `yf_y„ _pd \i¡.

(Apdp„ |_d_u rsr\_p Ar^›$pÓu kp¡mdu r_Ðep, dp grgsp Açbp õhe„ R>¡. s¡d_y„ _pd L$pd¡ðfu r_Ðep R>¡.)

Ap kp¡m _NfuAp¡dp„ Z dy¿e ÓZ _Nfu_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ \i¡ : l¡gu_y„ _pd L$pd¡ðfu`yfu, buÆ

_Nfu_y„ _pd cNdpgp `yfu, ÓuÆ _Nfu_y„ _pd r_ÐeL$rg_p `yfu. Ap S> fus¡ AÞe kh£ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd

`f\u kh£ _Nfp¡_p„ _pd fpMhp.

Ap âdpZ¡ _pdp¡_y„ hZ®_ L$fu, ep¡Áe A_¡ rhÓ qv$hk¡ M|b L$pfuNfude iyc _NfuAp¡_u fQ_p L$fhp_y„

v$¡hp¡A¡, b„_¡ riëùAp¡_¡ L$üy„, Ap\u rhðL$dp®v$¡h¡ A_¡ dev$p_h¡, v$¡hspAp¡A¡ S>Zph¡gp„ õ\mp¡A¡ kp¡m îu_Nfp¡_u

fQ_p L$fu.

leN°uh F$rj ApNm bp¡ëep : l¡ gp¡`pdyÖp (ANõÐe F$rj_p `Ð_u) A_¡ l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, lh¡ ly„

îu`yf_Nf_p¡ rhõspf L$¡V$gp¡ A_¡ s¡_p Ar^›$psp v$¡hu L$p¡Z R>¡ s¡_y„ hZ®_ L$fy„ Ry„> s¡ kp„cmp¡.

kp¥\u â\d d¡{$`h®s D`f Aph¡gp îu`yf _Nf_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp„ F$rj bp¡ëep : S>¡ d¡{$`h®s kh® b°ûp„X$_p¡

Ap^pf R>¡ s¡ A_¡L$ ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡. Qp¥v$ gp¡L$ kyd¡{$_p ifufdp„ S> R>¡. kyd¡{$ h®s_p„ Ly$g Qpf riMf R>¡. (s¡dp„_p

ÓZ riMf qÓL$p¡Z_p ÓZ M|Zp_u S>¡d R>¡ A_¡ Qp¡\y„ riMf qÓL$p¡Z_u hÃQ¡_p tbvy$ `f R>¡) qÓL$p¡Z_p ÓZ

77

M|Zp `f Aph¡gp„ riMfp¡ - A¡L$ `|h® qv$ipdp„, buSy„> _¥F®$Ðe qv$ipdp„, A_¡ ÓuSy„> riMf hpeyL$p¡Zdp„ R>¡. s¡ v$f¡L$

riMf kp¡ ep¡S>_ KQy A_¡ kp¡ ep¡S>__p rhõspfhpmy„ R>¡. s¡ ÓZ¡ riMfp¡ D`f ÓZ gp¡L$ A\p®s¹ b°ûgp¡L$,

rhóÏgp¡L$ A_¡ rihgp¡L$ hkphhpdp„ Apìep„ s¡dp„ Aph¡gp„ r_hpk õ\p_p¡ rhi¡ Ad¡ `R>u\u S>Zphui„„y Ap ÓZ¡

riMfp¡_u dÝedp„ S>¡ Qp¡\y„ riMf R>¡ s¡_u KQpB A_¡ rhõspf kp„cmp¡. Qpfkp¡ ep¡S>_ KQy A_¡ Qpfkp¡ ep¡S>_

rhõspfhpmy„ s¡ riMf R>¡. s¡ hÃQ¡_p dlp_ riMf D`f îu`yf _Nf_u fQ_p riëùAp¡A¡ L$fu. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj !

Ap îu`yf _Nf Qpfkp¡ ep¡S>__p rhõspfhpmy„ R>¡. s¡ riMf_u Apk`pk kdL$¡ÞÖu (A¡L$_u A„v$f A¡L$)A¡hp„ kps

qL$ëgp R>¡. s¡dp„ kp¥\u blpf_p¡ l¡gp¡ gp¡Y$p_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ kp¡mkp¡ ep¡S>__p O¡fphhpmp¡ R>¡. s¡_y„ _pd "L$pgpek' R>¡. s¡_u

Qpf¡e qv$ipdp„ Qpf v$fhpÅ R>¡. Qpf ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡. qL$ëgp_p¡ d|m cpN (qv$hpgp¡_u _uQ¡_p cpN_u ÅX$pB) v$k

ep¡S>_ R>¡. qL$ëgp_p ApNm_p cpNdp„ b¡ L$p¡jdp„ hpey Aphhp_p v$fhpÅ R>¡. L$p¡V$_p v$fhpÅ_u KQpB A¡L$

ep¡S>__u R>¡ v$f¡L$ v$fhpÅ_p b¡ bpfZp„ R>¡. s¡ v$fhpÅ AX$^p L$p¡k_p rhõspfhpmp R>¡. L$p¡V$_p Qpf¡e v$fhpÅ Ap

âdpZ¡ S> R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe, lh¡ Np¡ yf_u S>Áep bsphuA¡ R>uA¡. L$p¡V$_p v$fhpÅ_u blpf_p cpNdp„ A¡L$ A¡L$

ep¡S>_ KQy _¡ s¡V$gy„ S> lp¡my„ Np¡`yf b_pìey„. s¡_p¡ rhõspf Z s¡V$gp¡ S> R>¡. b„_¡ v$fhpÅ sfa båb¡ ep¡S>_ A_¡

L$p¡V$_u hÃQ¡ A¡L$ ep¡S>_. l¡ dyr_, kh£ c¡Ny„ L$fu_¡ `p„Q ep¡S>_ \ey„. A_¡ s¡_u b„_¡ bpSy>Ap¡ AY$u-AY$u L$p¡k_u,

A¡d Ly$g p„Q L$p¡k_u \B. Ap âL$pf_p Np¡ yf b_pìep„.

Np¡`yf_p d|m `pk¡ Qpf¡ bpSy> dmu_¡ huk ep¡S>_ A_¡ D`f S>sp„ s¡_p¡ O¡fphp¡ OV$sp¡ Åe s¡d b_pìey„.

Np¡ yfdp„ A_¡L$ ky„v$f dS>gp b_pìep A_¡ v$f¡L$ dpmdp„ A¡L$ A¡L$ ky„v$f v$fhpÅ¡ dyL$ep¡. Np¡ yf D`f ÓZ dyNV$

(riMf) b_pìep. riMf_p¡ rhõspf A¡L$ L$p¡k S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡. b¡ L$p¡k_u KQpB A_¡ D`f S>sp„ S>sp„ kp„L$X$p„ \sp„ Åe.

dyNV$p¡_u hÃQ¡ AX$^p L$p¡k S>¡V$gu S>Áep fl¡ R>¡. Qpf¡ qv$ip_p„ Np¡`yfp¡ kfMp„ S> R>¡.

L$pgpei qL$ëgp\u A„v$f_p cpN¡ kps ep¡S>__p A„sf¡ L$p„kp_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. l¡gp„ S>Zpìep âdpZ¡

s¡_p Np¡ yf hN¡f¡ kfMp„ S> R>¡. L$p„kp_p qL$ëgp_p Üpf `Z â\d qL$ëgp_p Üpf S>¡hp„ S> R>¡. L$p„kp_p qL$ëgp A_¡

L$pgpek qL$ëgp_u hÃQ¡_y„ A„sf Qpf¡e bpSy> kfMy„ S> R>¡.

b„_¡ qL$ëgp_u hÃQ¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p h©np¡_p bNuQp b_¡gp R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, S>¡V$gu h_õ`rs R>¡ s¡ bû S>

Ðep„ Aph¡gu R>¡. lÅfp¡ h©n, kv$pe a|g A_¡ am\u gQ¡gp„ R>¡. s¡ h©np¡ kv$pe _hp p„v$X$pAp¡\u ip¡cu füp„ R>¡ A_¡ s¡

h©np¡dp„\u qv$ìe kyN„ _uL$mu flu R>¡. Ap„bp, L$p_L$p¡ZL$p, gp¡ , bLy$g, L$f¡Z, kukd, kfkX$p, v$¡hv$pf, D_d¡f,

`y_p„N, _pNcÖ, dyQLy„$v$, L$V$agp, A¡gQu, grh„N, L„$L$p¡Z, L$`yf_p R>p¡X$hp, ugy, L$pL$sy„X$, kpg, Ak„N, L$Q_pf,

gLy$R>, „kp, tlN_p TpX$, `pV$gp (Nygpb), amhpmp„ TpX$, S>V$phpmp hX$ hN¡f¡ TpX$, `p¡`¥ep, NZL$, Ly$f„X$,

b„^yÆhp, v$pX$d, AðN„ p, lp\u_p L$p_ S>¡hp„ p„v$X$phpmp„ (NS>L$Z®), Q„`p_p TpX$, kp¡_¡L$ h©n, e|r\L$p (Sy>lu),

spd°hZ®, sygku, amhpmp„ A_¡L$ TpX$, spg, sdpg, v$]sp`, MS|>f, kfL„$X$p, bphm, i¡fX$u_p„ TpX$, v|$^ _uL$m¡

s¡hp TpX$, Ny„v$p, bluX$p, lfX$¡, sS>_p„ TpX$, õhN® y[ó`L$p, cgpdp, M¡f, AMfp¡V$, Q„v$__p TpX$, L$pgpNê$ (L$pmy„

ANf), L$pdõL„$^, hX$_p TpX$, Kbfp¡, ASy®>__p TpX$, MuS>X$p¡, °yh _pd_p„ TpX$, BÞÖS>h, kÐ`Z®, L©$sdpgL$p,

L$p¡W$p, Ap„bgu A¡hp lÅfp¡ TpX$hp Aph¡gp R>¡.

Sy>v$u Sy>v$u F$sydp„ v$¡hu_p i©„Npf dpV$¡ ÅsÅs_p„ h©np¡ - R>p¡X$hpAp¡ Ðep„ Aph¡gp„ R>¡.

78

L$p„kp_p qL$ëgp\u kps ep¡S>_ A„v$f Qpf M|Zphpmp¡ sp„bp_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ R>¡. s¡ Qpf ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡. L$p„kp_p

qL$ëgp A_¡ sp„bp_p qL$ëgp_u hÃQ¡_u fsudp„ L$ë`hpqV$L$p R>¡. L$ |f S>¡hu N„^ R>¡ _¡ s¡_p bu R>¡ s¡ fÐ_ S>¡hp R>¡. s¡

TpX$_u R>pg kp¡_p S>¡hu R>¡. ky„v$f a|gp¡\u gQ¡gp„ s¡ h©np¡ R>¡. ump qv$ìe h÷ l¡ep lp¡e s¡hp„ L$p¡dm s¡ h©np¡_p kp¡_¡fu

`p„v$X$p„ R>¡. Ad©s S>¡hp¡ d yf s¡_p¡ fk R>¡. s¡_p„ yó`p¡ AÐe„s ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. Aphp âL$pf_p„ Ðep„ Ak„¿e L$ë`h©np¡ R>¡

s¡_y„ Ad¡ hZ®_ L$ey®. Ap buÆ L$np \B. s¡_y„ _pd L$ë`hpqV$L$p R>¡.

sp„bp_p qL$ëgp_u A„v$f kukp_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. sp„bp_p qL$ëgp A_¡ kukp_p qL$ëgp hÃQ¡ kps

ep¡S>__y„ A„sf R>¡. Ðep„ k„sp_hpqV$L$p R>¡ s¡_¡ lqfQÞv$_ hpqV$L$p Z L$l¡ R>¡. s¡ L$ë`hpqV$L$p S>¡hu S> R>¡. L$ë`h©n_p

kdp_ ApL$pf s\p am-a|g\u cf¡gp„ s¡hp S> h©np¡ Al] R>¡. Ap b^p„ qL$ëgpdp„ l¡gp„_p qL$ëgp_p v$fhpÅ S>¡hp S>

v$fhpÅ_u L$ë`_p L$fhu A_¡ s¡hu S> Np¡`yf_u L$ë`_p L$fhu. Np¡`yf Üpf_u L$ë`_p Z |h®_p kdp_ S> R>¡.

kukp_p qL$ëgp R>u kps ep¡S>_ A„v$f „Qgp¡l_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡_p¡ ApL$pf l¡gp_p qL$ëgp S>¡hp¡

S> R>¡. s¡ b„_¡_u hÃQ¡_u S>Áepdp„ d„v$pfh©nhpqV$L$p Aph¡gu R>¡. „Qgp¡l qL$ëgp\u kps ep¡S>_ A„v$f Qp„v$u_p¡ qL$ëgp¡

Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡ `Z `l¡gp qL$ëgp_u kdp_ S> R>¡. Ap b„_¡_u hÃQ¡ `pqfÅs h©np¡_u hpqV$L$p Aph¡gu R>¡. qv$ìe

kyN„^\u h©np¡ |Z® R>¡. am A_¡ a|g_p cpf\u h©np¡ gQu füp„ R>¡.

Qp„v$u_p qL$ëgp\u A„v$f kps ep¡S>_ v|$f kp¡_p_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. S>¡ bû fus¡ l¡gp qL$ëgp_u kdp_ S>

R>¡. s¡ b¡ ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡. Ap b„_¡ qL$ëgp_u hÃQ¡ L$v$çbhpqV$L$p Aph¡gu R>¡. Ðep„ qv$ìe L$v$çb_p„ h©n R>¡. s¡ L$v$çb

h©np¡dp„\u L$v$çb_u d^yf dqv$fp (L$pv$çbfu) _uL$mu flu R>¡. s¡ dqv$fp dv$\u cf¡gu R>¡. Ap L$pv$çbfu _pd_u dqv$fp

kyM_p¡ A_ych L$fph_pfu R>¡. s¡ dqv$fp Ap`_pfp L$v$çbh©np¡_u ApMu hpqV$L$pAp¡ (bNuQp) R>¡ S>¡ d„qÓZuv$¡hu_¡

kv$pe râe R>¡. s¡ L$v$çbh©n ky„v$f R>pep Ap`hphpmp, M|b p„v$X$phpmp A_¡ L$p¡dm L$p¡dm A„Ly$fp¡hpmp R>¡. L$v$çb_u

kyN„û\u cdfpAp¡ Q„Qm \B_¡ Ny„S>_ L$fu füp„ R>¡ A_¡ kyN„û d^\u ¡V$ cfu füp„ R>¡. Ðep„ d„Óu_p\pv$¡hu_y„ dlp_

d„qv$f (r_hpk õ\p_) R>¡. s¡ L$v$çbhpqV$L$p_u Aq‚L$p¡Z_u qv$ipdp„ Aph¡gy„ R>¡. A_¡ |h®, [òd, DÑf, v$rnZ A¡

Qpf¡e qv$ipAp¡dp„ Qpf AÞe î¡›$ d„qv$fp¡ Aph¡gp„ R>¡. v$f¡L$ d„qv$f_p¡ rhõspf p„Q ep¡S>__p¡ R>¡ A\p®s¹ p„Q ep¡S>__p

O¡fphpdp„ A¡L$-A¡L$ d„qv$f Aph¡gy„ R>¡. s¡ v$f¡L$ d„qv$fdp„ kps dS>gp R>¡. s¡dS> Ðep„_u AÞe qv$ipAp¡dp„ L$v$çb_p„ h©np¡

Aph¡gp„ R>¡. Ap âdpZ¡ íepdp cNhsu (d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu)_p r_hpk_u _Nfu_y„ Ad¡ hZ®_ L$ey.

dp gqgsp Açbp_u k¡hp dpV$¡ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_p r_hpk õ\p__u buÆ _Nfu dlp L$dghpqV$L$p (dlp

`ÚpV$hu)dp„ R>¡. Ap dlp `ÚpV$hu_y„ hZ®_ Ad¡ `R>u\u L$fuiy„. L$v$çbhpqV$L$pdp„ Aph¡gy„ Ap Of sp¡ cNhsu_p

Of\u M|b S> v|$f R>¡. Å¡ íepdp cNhsu (d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu) A¡V$gp„ v|$f fl¡sp„ lp¡e sp¡ îuv$¡hu (grgsp Açbp)_u k¡hp

_ L$fu iL$¡. dpV$¡ S>Nv$çbp_p„ tQspdrZ dl¡g_u `pk¡ dlp`ÚhpqV$L$pdp„ íepdp cNhsu_y„ buSy> ch_ R>¡, S>¡

v$¡hspAp¡_p riëù rhðL$dp® v$¡h A_¡ Akyfp¡_p riëù dev$p_h Üpfp r_rd®s R>¡.

d„qÓZuv$¡hu_p NyZp¡_y„ L$p¡Z hZ®_ L$fu iL$¡ ? b¡ lÅf Æc lp¡e sp¡ Z s¡d_p NyZp¡_y„ hZ®_ _ \B iL$¡.

s¡d_u L$v$çbhpqV$L$pdp„ L$pv„$bfu dqv$fp\u dshpgu, gpg _¡Óp¡hpmu, ky„v$f h¡Zu pfZ L$f¡gu dps„N F$rj_u L$ÞepAp¡

Ðep„ Npsu Npsu fd¡ R>¡.

79

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : dps„N F$rj L$p¡Z R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_u L$ÞepAp¡ L$p¡Z L$p¡Z R>¡ S>¡ d„qÓZuv$¡hu_u kv$p k¡hp

L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ kv$p d y_p fk_p k¡h_\u Apmkhpmu R>¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : ds„N _pd_p F$rj s`p¡^_ A_¡ s`p¡fpri R>¡. dlp_ âcph\u k„`ß R>¡. S>Ns_u

DÐ`qÑ L$fhpdp„ Qsyf R>¡. ds„N F$rj `p¡sp_p dlp_ s`\u kh® S>ÁepA¡ `p¡sp_u Apop Qgphu iL$¡ R>¡. ds„N

F$rj_p yÓ dps„N _pd_p F$rj, S>¡Z¡ d„qÓZuv$¡hu_u Op¡f s`õep L$fu. ds„Ndyr__p yÓA¡ bly kde kyû s¡d_u

Apfp^_p L$fu, s¡\u d„qÓZuv$¡huA¡ v$i®_ Apàep A_¡ hfv$p_ dp„Nhp_y„ L$üy„, Ap kp„cmu_¡ dps„N F$rj L$¡ S>¡

s`p¡r_r^ (s`ê$ù MÅ_phpmp) R>¡ s¡dZ¡ íepdgp A„rbL$p_¡ Ap âdpZ¡ L$ü„y :-

dps„N F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ dp cNhsu, sdpfp õdfZdpÓ\u ArZdp Apqv$ kh® rkqÙAp¡ âpá \B R>¡

s¡dS> buSy„> kh® âL$pf_y„ A¥ðe® âpá \ey„ R>¡. kh®L$pmdp„ sdpfy„ õdfZ L$fhp\u l¡ A„rbL$¡, ÓZ¡e gp¡L$dp„ dpf¡

L$p„B`Z âpá L$fhp_y„ bpL$u _\u. l¡ A„rbL$¡, sdpfp v$i®_ L$ep® s¡ kam \pe A¡V$g¡ ly„ âp\®_p L$fy„ Ry„>, A¡V$g¡ sd¡ d_¡

hfv$p_ Ap`p¡.

`l¡gp rldpge_u kp\¡ dpf¡ rdÓsp lsu. A¡L$ hMs¡ fdsp„ fdsp„ qflpk\u rldpge Nh®\u Ap âdpZ¡

bp¡ëep : ly„ ph®su_p¡ (A\p®s¹ ph®su S>¡hu v$¥hu L$Þep_p¡) r sp Ry„>. A¡d p¡s¡ p¡sp_u bX$pB L$fu. s¡d_u hpsdp„ s¡Ap¡

Np¥fu_p r sp lsp s¡ A¡L$ NyZ dpfp L$fsp„ Ar^L$ \B Nep¡. Adpfp bpL$u_p„ b^p„ S> NyZ A¡L$ S>¡hp lsp„ f„sy A¡L$

S> L$pfZ\u rdÓ_p¡ Ar^L$ NyZ \B Nep¡ s¡\u buÅ_¡ Z s¡ NyZ d¡mhhp_u BÃR>p \pe.

Np¥fu S>¡hu qv$ìe L$Þep_p r`sp \hp_u BÃR>p\u d¢ dlp_ s` L$ey¯. l¡ d„qÓZu_p\p sd¡ dpfu yÓu b_p¡. l¡

d„qÓZu_p\p sd¡ dpfp _pd\u ârkÙ \ip¡ s¡dp„ i„L$p _\u.

d„Óu_p\pA¡ F$rj_y„ Aphy„ hQ_ kp„cmu â¡d`|h®L L$üy„ A¡d S> \i¡. s¡hy„ L$lu v$¡hu A„sÝep®_ \B Nep A_¡

dyr_ âkß \ep. dps„NF$rj_¡ õhà_dp„ âkß \B_¡ v$¡huA¡ p¡sp_p âp¼V$e_u kprbsu ê$`¡ p¡sp_p L$p_ f kÅh¡gu

sdpg_u d„S>fu F$rj_¡ âkpv$uê$`¡ Apù. õhà_dp„ v$¡huA¡ Ap ¡gp hfv$p__p âcph\u dps„NF$rj_u rkqÙdsu

_pd_u `Ð_uA¡ gOyíepdp_¡ Nc®dp„ ^pfZ L$ep®. dps„NF$rj_u yÓu lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ v$¡hu_p Ahspf_y„ _pd dps„Nu

\ey„. íepdpv$¡hu (d„Óu_p\p)_y„ S> gOyê$` lp¡hp\u s¡d_¡ gOyíepdp Z L$l¡ R>¡. s¡ íepdp cNhsu_y„ S> ê$` R>¡.

Ðepfbpv$ dps„N F$rj_¡ íepdp cNhsu_u rhrh^ A„NiqL$sAp¡_p Ahspfp¡_p r sp b_hp_y„ kp¥cpÁe âpá

\ey„ Ap fus¡ dps„N F$rj_u ky„v$f L$ÞepAp¡ A_¡L$ R>¡. gOyíepdp, dlpíepdp A_¡ AÞe dps„Nu L$ÞepAp¡_p¡ kd|l

OZp¡ S> Av¹cys R>¡. s¡ L$ÞepAp¡ d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Ap fus¡ dps„N F$rj_u L$ÞepAp¡_u DÐ`qÑ_u L$\p L$l¡hpdp„ Aphu. ^psy_p kps

qL$ëgpAp¡_yy„ Z Ad¡ hZ®_* L$ey¯.

* Ap âL$fZdp„ S>¡ ^psy_p kps qL$ëgpAp¡_y„ hZ®_ R>¡ s¡_p¡ kp„L$¡rsL$ A\® ifuf_u ká^psyAp¡ Ap`Zp

ifuf_u dS>byspB dpV$¡ qL$ëgp S>¡hy„ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡ A¡hp¡ \pe R>¡. Ap D`fp„s kp¡_y„, Qp„v$u hN¡f¡ kps bpü psyAp¡ A¡

Ap`Zp ifuf_u ÐhQp, dp„k, dÄÅ Apqv$ ká^psyAp¡_¡ yô$ L$fhpdp„ klpeL$ b_¡ R>¡, Ap\u Apeyh£v$_p N„°\p¡dp„

ifuf_¡ ^psyAp¡ L$¡hu fus¡ dm¡ A¡_u rhrh^ D`pe ep¡S>_pAp¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡d L$¡ - Ãeh_âpidp„ kp¡_p-

80

Qp„v$u_p hfM Oy„V$u_¡ _pMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s sp„bp_p gp¡V$pdp„ pZu ùhp\u spd°_p¡ AL®$ dm¡ R>¡. gp¡l-

S>ks hN¡f¡_u cõd_p¡ rhrh^ Ap¥jrÂp¡dp„ Dèp¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s\p ifuf D`f rhrh^ ^psyAp¡_p„

Apc|jZp¡ l¡fhp\u Z s¡ psyAp¡ ÐhQp kp\¡ OkpB_¡ s¡_u Akfp¡ ifuf_¡ âpá \pe R>¡. Apd, psyAp¡_y„ A_¡fy„

dlÒh R>¡.

dps„Nu L$ÞepAp¡_y„ _pd "dps„Nu' lp¡hp_y„ A¡L$ L$pfZ sp¡ A¡ R>¡ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ dps„N F$rj_u yÓuAp¡ R>¡. f„sy A¡L$

AÞe A\®dp„ "dps„Nu' A¡V$g¡ "dps:+A„Nu' A\p®s¹ dp íepdp cNhsu_p A„Ndp„\u âL$V$ \e¡gu iqL$sAp¡A¡

F$rj_u yÓu sfuL$¡ Ahspf pfZ L$ep£ Ap\u Z s¡Ap¡ dps„Nu L$ÞepAp¡ sfuL$¡ ârkÙ \B.

âL$fZ - 22

îu_Nf v$¡hsp âL$pi_ ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ byqÙdp_ leN°uhÆ ! S>¡ gp¡l Apqv$ ^psy_p b_¡gp kps qL$ëgp_p fnL$ R>¡

s¡d_p _pd L$lp¡ S>¡\u (fnZ k„b„^¡) dpfu i„L$p r_d|®m \B Åe.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Sy>v$p Sy>v$p h©np¡_p DÛp__y„ íepd rhN°lhpmp dlpL$pg, L$¡ S>¡ kh®

gp¡L$_p cnL$ R>¡ s¡Ap¡ (s¡ DÛp__y„) fnZ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡dZ¡ íepd h÷p¡ pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡. s¡d_p„ _¡Óp¡ gpg R>¡. b°ûp„X$ê$ù hpV$L$pdp„ s¡Ap¡ k„kpfê$ù fk_y„ `p_ L$f¡ R>¡. dlpL$pg_u iqL$s_y„ _pd "dlpL$pgu' R>¡. s¡ dlpL$pgu, O_íepd hZ®hpmp dlpL$pg_¡ L$pd_pcep¯ _¡Óp¡\u Sy>A¡ R>¡. kde_p tklpk_ f s¡Ap¡ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_y„

Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ dp grgsp Açbp_u |Å L$fhpdp„ DÐkyL$ R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_p c¼sp¡_u Apey v$uO® L$f¡ R>¡. L$pg (kde) A_¡ d©Ðey s¡d_p k¡hL$ R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

dlpL$pgu A_¡ dlpL$pg dp grgsp Açbp_u Apopdp„ fl¡ R>¡. ApMpe qhð_y„ Apeyóe OV$pX$u füp R>¡. L$pgQ¾$ s¡d_y„ Apk_ R>¡. Qpf AphfZp¡ hÃQ¡ s¡d_y„ Apk_ ip¡cu fü„y R>¡. (s¡d_p e„Ó_u rQÓpL©$rs rhi¡ L$l¡ R>¡ :

S>¡dp„ hÃQ¡_p cpNdp„ dlpL$pg rhfpS>dp_ R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_u Apk`pk_p A„v$f\u blpf_u sfa_p AphfZp¡_y„ hZ®_ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ :) A¡L$ AphfZ ÓZ M|Zphpmy„ (qÓL$p¡Z), Ðepf R>u_y„ AphfZ p„Q M|Zphpmy„ (`„QL$p¡Z), A¡L$ kp¡m p„MX$u_y„, A¡L$ ApW$ p„MX$u_y„ AphfZ R>¡. hÃQ¡ dlpL$pg R>¡.

dlpL$pg_u Apk`pk S>¡ qÓL$p¡Z R>¡ s¡dp„ dlpL$pgu, dlpk„Ýep, A_¡ dlpr_ip Ap ÓZ v$¡huAp¡ dlpL$pg_u iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. Ðepf`R>u_p `„QL$p¡Zdp„ AN°cpNdp„ (M|ZpAp¡dp„) A¡L$ âÐeyj, r`s©âk|, âpø¹_,

Aâpø¹_ A_¡ dÝepŒ - s¡ p„Q dlpL$pg_u iqL$sAp¡ R>¡.

kp¡m `p„MX$u_p AphfZdp„ S>¡ iqL$sAp¡ Aph¡gu R>¡ s¡_¡ l¡ dyr_ lh¡ sd¡ kp„cmp¡ : qv$_rdîp, sdu÷p,

Äep¡Ðk_p, `rnZu, âv$p¡jp, r_iu\p, âlfp, |rZ®dp, fpL$p, A_ydrs, Adphpõep, rk_uhpgu, Ly$ly, cÖp A_¡ D`fpNp A_¡ jp¡X$ju- s¡ kp¡m iqL$sAp¡ R>¡.

L$gp, L$p›$p, r_d¡jp, nZp, ghp, ÓyqV$, d|lysp®, Ly$s`p, lp¡fp, iyL$g`np, L©$óZ`np, Ae_p, rhjyhp, Óep¡v$iu, k„hÐkfp, qfhÐkfp, BX$p hÐkfp Ap kp¡m kde_u iqL$sAp¡ Z kp¡m p„MX$udp„ fl¡hphpmu iqL$sAp¡ R>¡.

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BÜÐkfp, BÞvyhÐkfp A_¡ AhÐkfp, rsr\, hpf, _nÓ, ep¡N A_¡ L$fZ - Ap iqL$sAp¡ ApW$ p„MX$udp„

fl¡ R>¡. L$rg, L$ë`p, L$g_p A_¡ L$pgu - A¡ Qpf iqL$sAp¡ Ap L$pgQ¾$_p Üpf`pg R>¡ s¡ dlpL$pg_u iqL$sAp¡ dv$\u

lku flu R>¡, dqv$fp\u |Z® gpg L$V$p¡fp pfZ L$ep® R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_p Ýep_, s`, |S>_dp„ s¡ v$¡huAp¡ ìeõs

R>¡. L$pgQ¾$dp„ fl¡gp dlpL$pg_u s¡ k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

Ðepfbpv$, L$ë`_phpqV$L$p_p¡ fnL$ dlps¡S>hpmp¡ hk„sF$sy R>¡. s¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p¡ v$pk R>¡. hk„sF$sy

`yó`_p tklpk_ D`f b¡W$p¡ R>¡. `yó`_p ifpb\u dshpgp¡ R>¡. `yó`_p„ h÷p¡, yó`_p Apey^p¡, `yó`_p R>Ó\u

ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. Q¥Ó A_¡ h¥ipM s¡d_u Ð_uAp¡ R>¡. a|gp¡_u dqv$fp\u dshpgu A_¡ L$pd_u gpgkphpmu R>¡.

s¡_p `R>u, k„sp_hpqV$L$p_p¡ fnL$ N°uódF$sy R>¡. s¡_p _¡Óp¡ suÿZ R>¡. grgsp Açbp_p¡ v$pk R>¡. s¡ kv$p

s¡d_u Apop dp_hphpmp¡ R>¡. S>¡W$ A_¡ AjpY$ s¡_u b¡ Ð_uAp¡ R>¡.

lqfQ„v$_hpqV$L$pdp„ S>¡ fnL$ R>¡ s¡ hjp®F$sy R>¡. l¡ dyr_, s¡ hjp®F$sy_p huS>mu S>¡hp ùmp _¡Óp¡ R>¡.

hpv$mp¡_p¡ NX$NX$pV$ s¡_p iåv$p¡ R>¡. d¡O s¡_y„ hpl_ R>¡. hpv$mpAp¡_y„ s¡Z¡ L$hQ l¡ey¯ R>¡. drZAp¡ S>X$¡gy„ _yóe pfZ

L$ey¯ R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_p `|S>_, AQ®_ A_¡ Ýep_dp„ âh©Ñ R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, qÓgp¡L$u_¡ s¡ Ap_„v$

Ap`hphpmp¡ R>¡. îphZ, cpv$fhp¡ s¡ b¡ s¡_u `Ð_uAp¡ R>¡. õhf, õhpf A_¡ õhfdprg_u, A„bp, vy$gp, r_fgu,

ce„su, d¡Oe„qÓL$p, hj®eÞsu, QubyrZL$p, hpqf^pfp A¡ s¡_u iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. s¡ _¡Óp¡ gpg L$fu_¡ hjp® L$f¡ R>¡. s¡ kps hjp®

iqL$sAp¡ cqL$s Üpfp dp grgsp Açbp_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. s¡ iqL$sAp¡ `fd¡ðfu_p S>` L$f¡ R>¡ _¡ `p¡sp_p„ a|gp¡ Üpfp

grgsp Açbp_p cL$sp¡_p âv$¡ip¡_¡ p¡sp_u k„`qÑ\u rhc|rjs L$f¡ R>¡, A_¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p h¡fuAp¡_u fsu_¡

A_ph©[ô$ Üpfp uX$p Ap ¡ R>¡. cNhsu_p¡ v$pk kv$p Ap âdpZ¡ S> hs£ R>¡.

d„v$pfhpqV$L$pdp„ kv$p ifv$ F$sy hk¡ R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡_p ùv$e_¡ âkß L$fhphpmp¡ R>¡. Apkp¡ A_¡ L$pfsL$ s¡_u

`Ð_uAp¡ R>¡ s¡ ifv$F$sy_p yó`p¡ Üpfp kpd°pou L$pg¡îu_u |Å L$f¡ R>¡.

L$v„$bh_ hpqV$L$p_p¡ fnL$ ririf F$sy R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, A¡ ririfF$sy hpqV$L$p_¡ kv$p W„$X$u fpM¡ R>¡.

dpN®iuj® A_¡ `p¡j s¡_p drl_p R>¡. Ðep„ fl¡hphpmp íepdpv$¡hu (d„Óu_p\p v$¡hu) ririf ApL©$rshpmp R>¡. s` A_¡

s`õep s¡ b¡ s¡_u iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. rhð_¡ rhÓ L$f_pf s¡ F$sy dp grgsp Açbp_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

l¡d_u kdp_ S>¡_y„ iusg ifuf R>¡, kv$p âkß dyM R>¡ A_¡ grgsp Açbp_p¡ râe v$pk R>¡. s¡hp¡ l¡d„s F$sy

`pqfÅs hpqV$L$p_u fnp L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ F$sy_p yó`p¡\u cNhsu_u |Å L$f¡ R>¡. dlp A_¡ apNZ A¡ b„_¡ s¡_u iqL$sAp¡ R>¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : S>¡ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ h©np¡_u hpqV$L$pAp¡_p kps AphfZ R>¡ s¡_u `l¡gu hpqV$L$p_p¡ fnL$

dlpL$pg R>¡ s¡ sd¡ kp„cýey„. s¡_p Qpf AphfZ_p„ Q¾$ rhi¡ sd_¡ L$üy„. R> F$syAp¡ê$ù fnL$p¡hpmu L$ë`hpqV$L$p Apqv$

R> hpqV$L$pAp¡ rhi¡ Z sd_¡ S>Zpìey„, lh¡ sd¡ iy„ kp„cmhp BÃR>p¡ R>p¡ ?

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ leN°uh F$rj, S>¡ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ h©np¡_u hpqV$L$pAp¡_p kps AphfZ R>¡ s¡_u l¡gu

hpqV$L$p_p¡ fnL$ dlpL$pg R>¡ s¡ Ad¡ kp„cýey„. s¡_p Qpf AphfZ_p„ Q¾$ rhi¡ sd¡ Ad_¡ L$üy„. L$ë`hpqV$L$p Apqv$ R>

hpqV$L$pAp¡ A_¡ s¡_p R> F$syAp¡ê$ù fnL$p¡ rhi¡ `Z sd¡ S>Zpìey„, `f„sy Q¾$_u v$¡huAp¡ rhi¡ _\u kp„cýey„ sp¡ s¡

Ad_¡ L$l¡hp_¡ L©$ p L$fp¡.

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leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : Q¾$v$¡hsp_¡ rhi¡ sd¡ lh¡ kp„cmp¡. L$pgQ¾$_y„ hZ®_ Ad¡ `l¡gp L$fu v$u^y„ R>¡. lh¡

hk„sF$sy_y„ Q¾$ L$luA¡ R>uA¡ : qÓL$p¡Z A_¡ „QL$p¡Z, Aô$v$m L$dm, kp¡m v$m L$dm, v$i v$m L$dm A_¡ b¡

v$mhpmy„ L$dm. Ap R> AphfZp¡_u afs¡ (kp¥\u blpf) Qpf v$m (Qsyf v$m)hpmy„ Qp¡fk ApL$pf_y„ AphfZ. Apd

Ly$g kps AphfZp¡\u eyL$s hk„sF$sy_y„ Q¾$ R>¡. s¡_p dÝetbvy$dp„ dlpbyqÙhpmp¡ hk„sF$sy fl¡ R>¡. s¡_u b¡ iqL$sAp¡

Q¥Ó A_¡ h¥ipM dpk R>¡. s¡ bß¡_u ip¡cp A¡L$buÅ kp\¡ dm¡gu R>¡. bß¡A¡ A¡L$buÅ_u R>psu D`f lp\ fp¿ep¡ R>¡.

bß¡_p lp\dp„ yó`p¡_u kyN„^ _uL$mu flu R>¡ A_¡ yó`p¡_u dqv$fp\u L$V$p¡fp¡ cf¡gp¡ R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Aphu fus¡ (kdp_ âL$pf_p Q¾$_u fQ_pL©$rs A_¡ v$f¡L$ F$sy_u b¡-b¡ iqL$sAp¡ krls)

kh® F$syAp¡_y„ Ýep_ L$fhy„. s¡_u iqL$sAp¡ s¡_u pk¡ lp¡e s¡hy„ Ýep_ L$fhy„.

hk„s Q¾$_u v$¡huAp¡ rhi¡ lh¡ sd_¡ L$ly„ Ry„> : Q¥Ó iyL$g n_u A¡L$d, R>u Q¥Ó iyL$g n_u buS>, Q¥Ó

iyL$g n_u ÓuS>, Q¥Ó iyL$g n_u Qp¡\, p„Qd, R>Ì$, kpsd, ApW$d, _p¡d, v$id, ArNepfk, bpfk, s¡fk _¡

Qp¥v$k s\p |_d.

Ap S> âdpZ¡ Q¥Ó L©$óZ`n_u A¡L$d, buS>, ÓuS>, Qp¡\, `p„Qd, R>Ì$, kpsd, ApW$d, _p¡d, v$id,

ArNepfk, bpfk, s¡fk _¡ Qp¥v$k s\p Adphpõep.

Ap âdpZ¡ Óuk iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. s¡hu S> fus¡ h¥ipM dpkdp„ Z R>¡. h¥ipM_u Óuk k„¿ep A_¡ Q¥Ó_u Óuk

k„¿ep dmu_¡ kpW$ iqL$sAp¡ \B. hk„sF$sy_p Q¾$fpS>dp„ kps AphfZ R>¡. s¡_p„ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p rhcpNp¡dp„ Ap kpW$

iqL$sAp¡ (v$¡huAp¡) fl¡ R>¡. s¡_u kp^L$p¡A¡ rhr^`|h®L$ |Å L$fhu Ap hk„sQ¾$_u S>¡d S>. v$f¡L$ F$sy_p Q¾$p¡dp„

v$¡huAp¡_y„ õ\p_ R>¡. hk„s F$sy_p Q¾$_u S>¡d, N°uódF$sy_p Q¾$dp„ S>¡W$ A_¡ AjpY$ dpk_u Ly$g kpW$ rs\uAp¡_u kpW$

v$¡huAp¡ ANpD_u S>¡d S> R>¡. hjp®F$sy_p Q¾$dp„ `Z îphZ-cpv$fhp drl_p_u Ly$g kpW$ rs\uAp¡_u v$¡huAp¡_y„

õ\p_ Z s¡ âdpZ¡ S> kdS>hy„. Apd, R> F$syAp¡_p„ R> Q¾$p¡dp„ v$f¡L$dp„ kpW$ iqL$sAp¡ rhfpS>¡ R>¡, rhõspfce\u

s¡_u NZsfu _\u L$fu.

Ap R> F$sydp„ Ap âdpZ¡ S>¡ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡ s¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p cL$sp¡_¡ kyM Ap`hphpmu R>¡. Ap

iqL$sAp¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p„ rhÓ _pdp¡_p¡ S>`, s¡d_p õhê$`_y„ Ýep_ A_¡ s¡d_y„ S> |S>_ L$fu flu R>¡.

L$ë`hpqV$L$pdp„* s¡ iqL$sAp¡ dv$dõs \B_¡ Qpg¡ R>¡. p¡s`p¡sp_u F$sy_p a|gp¡_p d^y\u dp grgsp Açbp_¡

s©á L$f¡ R>¡. Ap bû iqL$sAp¡_u c¡Nu k„¿ep ÓZkp¡ kpW$_u \B. Ap kps AphfZ_u iqL$sAp¡ hpqV$L$p_u fnL$ R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, sd¡ F$syAp¡_p Q¾$_u v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd |R>ep„ lsp„ s¡ d¢ sd_¡ L$üp„ lh¡ buÅ AphfZ_u iqL$s

rhi¡ L$luA¡ R>uA¡ s¡ sd¡ kp„cmp¡ : * Ap âL$fZdp„ kde_p Q¾$_y„ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. S>Ns_p„ b^p„ S> ×íe v$p\p£-g„bpB, lp¡mpB

A_¡ KQpB-A¡d ÓZ `qfdpZhpmp„ R>¡. s¡ rkhpe_y„ Qp¡\y„ `qfdpZ kde R>¡. kde, Ap`Z_¡ L$ep„L$\u Apìep„

lp¡hp_p¡, Æh_dp„\u `kpf \hp_p¡ A_¡ L$ep„L$ S>sp„ fl¡hp_p¡ A_ych L$fph¡ R>¡. dpV$¡ Ap kde `Z A¡L$ dp`

L$pY$_pfy„ sÒh lp¡hp\u s¡_¡ qfdpZ L$l¡ R>¡.

k©[ô$ fQ_p_¡ kde_p¡ Apf„c NZp¡ sp¡, k©[ô$_p âge e¯s kde_¡ tlvy$ ip÷p¡dp„ A¡L$ "L$ë`'_p¡ dlpkde

83

NÎep¡ R>¡. Ap "L$ë`' e¯s Qpg_pfu k©[ô$_¡ S> Al] dp fpi[¼s_u "L$ë`hpqV$L$p' L$lu R>¡. s¡ S>Nv„$bp_u BÃR>p

A_¡ L$ë`_p A_ykpf lp¡hp\u s¡_¡ "L$ë`_phpqV$L$p' `Z L$lu R>¡. Ap âL$fZdp„ kde_p dp¡V$pdp„ dp¡V$p dp`\u

dp„X$u_¡ _p_pdp„ _p_p dp` S>¡hp„ L$¡ - r_d¡j, nZ, gh, ÓyqV$ hN¡f¡_p„ _pd Ap`hpdp„ Apìep„ R>¡. L$pgQ¾$dp„ dlp_

kde_p sÒh_¡ S> dlpL$pg sfuL$¡ L$¡ÞÖõ\p_¡ fpMu_¡ s¡_u Apk`pk kde_u rhrh^ iqL$sAp¡ A_¡ s¡_p Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„

rhcpN v$ip®hhpdp„ Apìep„ R>¡. kp\¡ R> F$syAp¡_p„, s¡d_p„ dlu_p A_¡ rsr\Ap¡ krls_p„ Q¾$ Z Ap`hpdp„ Apìep„

R>¡, s¡dp„_u v$f¡L$ rsr\ (qv$hk) fpiqL$s_u D`pk_p L$fhp\u S> kam NZpe R>¡.

Ap âL$fZ D`f\u Ap`Z_¡ kdÅe R>¡ L$¡ kde kuû guV$udp„ A¡V$g¡ L$¡ Apf„ctbvy$ (S>Þd)\u gB_¡

A„rsd tbvy$ (d©Ðey, rh_pi) sfa gB S>B_¡ |Z® _\u \B S>sp¡, `f„sy kde_y„ õhê$` "Q¾$pL$pf' R>¡. A¡L$ Q¾$dp„

Apqv$ L$¡ A„s lp¡sp„ S> _\u, s¡\u kde_y„ Q¾$ A_„s R>¡ s¡ aep® L$f¡ R>¡. s¡dp„ S>Þd, Æh_, d©Ðey A_¡ afu\u S>Þd

A¡hp¡ ¾$d Qpëep S> L$f¡ R>¡. Ap S> L$pgQ¾$_p õhê$`_¡ Al] kdÅhhpdp„ Apìe„y R>¡. `fdpÐdp_y„ sÒh `p„Qdy„

(Bðfue) qfdpZ NZpe R>¡. A_¡ s¡ kde Q¾$_p Qp¡\p qfdpZ L$fsp„ KQy õ\p_ fph¡ R>¡. Ap\u fdpÐdp_p

A„iê$` Ap`Zp¡ ApÐdp "ep¡N' Üpfp S>epf¡ fdpÐdp kp\¡ Å¡X$pB Åe R>¡ Ðepf¡ Ap`Z¡ kde_p qfdpZ_¡ Ap¡m„Nu

S>BA¡ R>uA¡ A\p®s¹ kde_u A_yc|rs _\u fl¡su. Ap_¡ S> "kdpr^ v$ip' L$l¡ R>¡. Ap\u S> Al] L$üy„ R>¡ L$¡ -

dlpL$pg, dp grgsp Açbp_u Apopdp„ fl¡ R>¡ !

âL$fZ - 23

ká L$np _Nf L$\_

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : kps (^psy_p) qL$ëgpAp¡_y„ S>¡ õhê$` riëùAp¡A¡ b_pìey„ s¡ d¢ sd_¡ L$üy„. lh¡

fÐ_de qL$ëgpAp¡_y„ hZ®_ kp„cmp¡. (ApNm fÐ_de qL$ëgpAp¡, A_¡ s¡d_u hÃQ¡ Aph¡gp„ _Nfp¡ A_¡ s¡dp„ r_hpk

L$f_pfp gp¡L$p¡ rhi¡ L$l¡ R>¡.)

^psyAp¡_p„ qL$ëgpdp„ R>¡ëg¡ kyhZ®_p qL$ëgp_y„ hZ®_ L$ep® bpv$ lh¡ `yó``fpNdrZ (`yó`fpN A\hp

`p¡MfpS> fÐ_)_p b_¡gp qL$ëgp_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp„ leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : kyhZ®_p qL$ëgp A_¡ `yó``fpNdrZ_p

qL$ëgp_u hÃQ¡ kps ep¡S>__y„ A„sf R>¡. s¡ kps ep¡S>_dp„ rkÙ`y{$jp¡ A_¡ rkÙ`y{$jp¡_u ÷uAp¡ dv$dõs \B_¡ fdu

füp„ R>¡. fk, fkpe_, qÓcyh_ rhS>eu MX$¹N, pV$, qv$ìe ×[ô$ dpV$¡_y„ A„S>_ - Ap kh® Üpfp dp grgsp Açbp_p

cL$sp¡_¡ s¡ qkÙ`y{$jp¡ A_¡ rkÙ`y{$jp¡_u ÷uAp¡ s©á L$f¡ R>¡. s¡d_p cL$sp¡_¡ Ap qv$ìe õ\p_dp„ r_hpk Ap`¡ R>¡ A_¡

Ad©sde fkp¡_y„ p_ L$fph¡ R>¡.

`yó` `fpNdrZ qL$ëgp_p v$fhpÅ `l¡gp qL$ëgp_p S>¡hp S> R>¡. Np¡`yf, L$dpX$, ApNmp, L$`pV$ b y„ S>

`yó``fpNdrZ_p„ b_¡gp„ R>¡. BÞÖ A_¡ k|e®_p s¡S> S>¡hy„ Np¡`yf âL$pidp_ R>¡.

kyhZ® qL$ëgp_u A_¡ `yó`L$ `fpN qL$ëgp_u hÃQ¡_u ^fsu `Z `p¡MfpS> fÐ_p¡\u S> R>hpe¡gu R>¡.

(A\p®s¹ Ap`Zp c|gp¡L$dp„ S>¡d S>du_dp„ f¡su, L$p„L$fp, Õ\f hN¡f¡ lp¡e R>¡ s¡d Ðep„_u S>du_dp„ p¡MfpS>_p fÐ_p¡

84

`\fpe¡gp„ R>¡ !) S>¡V$gp v$fhpÅ A_¡ v$uhpgp¡ R>¡ s¡ b^p„ S> p¡MfpS> fÐ_p¡\u S>X$¡gp„ R>¡. Ðep„_p kfp¡hf p¡MfpS>

S>¡hp„ f„N_p QmL$sp„ S>mhpmp„ A_¡ Ðep„ DX$sp„ nuAp¡ Z s¡hp„ S> f„N_p„ R>¡ s¡hp S> f„N_u _v$uAp¡ A_¡ A¡hp S>

f„N_p„ drZAp¡_p„ (S>¡hp„ am-a|g p_hpmp„) h©np¡ Ðep„ R>¡.

rkÙ Års_p v$¡hspAp¡A¡ (`|h® S>Þddp„) A_¡L$ âL$pf_u v$¡hu_u Apfp^_p A_¡ s` L$f¡gp„ lp¡hp\u |h®_p„

(d_yóe) ifuf_¡ ÐepNu_¡ s¡ rkÙp¡ Ð_uAp¡ krls Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_p d„Ó_p¡ S>` L$fhphpmp

s\p dp grgsp Açbp_u dep®v$p_y„ pg_ L$fhphpmp A¡ kh£ dp grgsp Açbp_y„ _pd k„L$us®_ L$fsp„ Ðep„ kyM |h®L$

fl¡ R>¡.

`p¡MfpS> dlpipg\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f `ÚfpN _pd_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. (Ap b^p„ qL$ëgpAp¡ A¡L$_u

A„v$f A¡L$ A¡d A¡L$ S> L$¡ÞÖ_u Apk`pk Aph¡gp„ R>¡. s¡_¡ kdL$¡ÞÖu fQ_p L$l¡hpe.) Ap ÚfpN qL$ëgpdp„ kh® L„$B

`ÚfpNdrZ\u ey¼s A_¡ s¡hp„ S> f„N_y„ R>¡. Ðep„_u ^fsudp„ kh®Ó `ÚfpNdrZ QmL$u füp„ R>¡, s¡_p„ v$uhpg,

v$fhpÅ, Np¡`yf b^p„e `ÚfpNdrZ\u Ag„L©$s L$fhpdp„ Apìep„ R>¡. Al] QpfZ âv$¡i_p gp¡L$p¡ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. s¡

b^p„e_¡ `|h® S>Þddp„ dlpfpZu dp grgsp A„bp_p QfZL$dm_u k¡hp L$fhp\u rkqÙAp¡ âpá \e¡gu R>¡. A_¡

`|h®_p¡ d_yóev$¡l R|>V$ep„ R>u s¡Ap¡ qv$ìe ifufhpmp \B_¡ Al] Ap_„v$ |h®L$ fl¡ R>¡. QpfZp¡_u ÷uAp¡ î¡›$ A„Np¡hpmu

A_¡ dv$_u gpgkphpmu R>¡ A_¡ dp cNhsu_p„ Nus b_phu b_phu_¡ Npe R>¡. Ðep„ L$ë`h©n_u hpqV$L$pdp„ hÃQ¡

b¡khp_p¡ A¡L$ Ap¡V$gp¡ R>¡. s¡_p D`f rsAp¡_u kp\¡ b¡ku_¡ s¡Ap¡ d yf fkp¡_y„ p_ L$f¡ R>¡.

s¡ `ÚfpN dlpipg\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f Np¡d¡v$ _pd_p¡ dlpipg R>¡. s¡ `l¡gp dlpipg S>¡V$gp¡ S>

rhõspfhpmp¡ R>¡. s¡ ipg Np¡d¡v$ drZ_p¡ R>¡. Ðep„_u ^fsu `Z Np¡d¡v$ drZAp¡_u b_¡gu R>¡. |h®S>Þddp„ v$¡hu_u

Apfp^_p L$fu_¡ AàkfpAp¡ kp\¡ î¡›$ Np„^h® gp¡L$p¡ Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ A¡L$spfp¡ hNpX$u_¡ dlpfpZu_p NyZNp_

L$f¡ R>¡. s¡ Np„^hp£ î¡›$ cp¡Np¡_p frkL$ R>¡. s¡Ap¡_y„ ê$` L$pdv$¡h S>¡hy„ ky„v$f R>¡. s¡d_p¡ õhcph kyL$p¡dm R>¡. s¡Ap¡

îuv$¡hu_p QfZp¡dp„ A_Þe cqL$s fph¡ R>¡.

Np¡d¡v$drZ_p ipg_p A¡L$ cpNdp„ L$fp¡X$p¡ Å¡NZu A_¡ c¥fhp¡ fl¡ R>¡. L$pgi„L$fîurZ (A\hp

L$pgk„L$rj®Zu) dp grgsp Açbp_u s¡ gp¡L$p¡ cqL$s |h®L$ k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

Np¡d¡v$ dlpipgdp„ fl¡_pfu AàkfpAp¡_p _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : Dh®iu, d¡_L$p, f„cp, Ag„bykp, d„S>yOp¡jp,

kyL$¡iu, `|h®rQqÑ, ©sprQL$p, L©$sõ\gp, rhðpku, y„S>L$õ\gu A_¡ rsgp¡Ñdp Ap bû v$¡hspAp¡_u kcpdp„ _©Ðe

L$f_pfu AàkfpAp¡ R>¡. Aphu buÆ OZu AàkfpAp¡ R>¡. (Np„^hp£ `Z _pV$e, _©Ðe, k„Nus, L$rhsp hN¡f¡dp„

r_`yZ î¡›$ _V$p¡ R>¡ S>¡ v$¡hp¡_u kcpdp„ `p¡sp_u L$gpAp¡\u v$¡hp¡_¡ Ap_„qv$s L$f¡ R>¡.) s¡ Np„^hp£_u kp\¡ AàkfpAp¡

L$ë`h©n_p yó`p¡_p d^yfk_y„ p_ L$f¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ hpf„hpf dp grgsp Açbp_y„ Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡. p¡sp_p kp¥cpÁe_u h©qÙ

dpV$¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p d„Óp¡_¡ NZNZ¡ R>¡. kh£ AàkfpAp¡ Ap qv$ìe õ\p_dp„ S> fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ âkß d_\u Al]

S> v$¡hu_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. Ap kh® AàkfpAp¡ Qp¥v$ õ\p_p¡dp„ DÐ`ß \e¡gu R>¡.

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ leN°uhÆ, AàkfpAp¡_p„ Qp¥v$ S>Þdõ\p_ L$ep„ R>¡ s¡_y„ L©$`p L$fu_¡ hZ®_ L$fp¡.

sd¡ kh® ÅZhphpmp (kh®o) R>p¡.

85

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : b°ûp, ùv$e, L$pd, d©Ðey, ©Õhu, dpfyrs, k|e®_p„ qL$fZp¡\u, Q„Ödp_p„ qL$fZp¡\u, h¡v$,

Aq‚, huS>mu, Ad©s, v$n L$Þep\u, A_¡ S>m\u - Ap Qp¥v$ õ\p_p¡_¡ rhÜp_p¡A¡ Aàkfp_p S>Þd_p„ L$pfZê$`

L$üp„ R>¡. v$¡hspAp¡_u kcp_¡ Ap_„v$ Ap`_pfp Np„^hp£, AàkfpAp¡ kp\¡ dp cNhsu_u |Å L$f¡ R>¡. s¡ AàkfpAp¡

`p¡sp_u kp¥cpÁek„`v$p\u ip¡cpedp_ \B flu R>¡.

Np¡d¡v$ dlpipg\u kps ep¡S>__p A„sf¡ lufp_p¡ ipg Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. Ðep„ qL$ßfp¡ (A¡V$g _f lp¡e `Z \p¡X$p„

_pfu S>¡hp„) `p¡sp_u qL„$ y{$j ÷uAp¡ (A¡V$g¡ ÷u lp¡e `Z \p¡X$u y{$j S>¡hu)_u kp\¡ dshpgp \B_¡ lufp_p

dlpipgdp„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. dlpfpZu_p `rhÓ _pdd„Óp¡_p S>`\u s¡d_p kh£ `p`p¡ bmu Nep„ R>¡. (A\p®s¹ |h®

S>Þddp„ cNhsu_p _pdS>`\u s¡Ap¡ r_ó`p` \B Nep„ R>¡) A_¡ Ap qv$ìe õ\p_dp„ s¡Ap¡ _pQsp Npsp fl¡ R>¡.

lufp_p ipgdp„ A¡L$ hÇ> _pd_u _v$u R>¡. l¡ dlp_ dyr_, qL$_pfpAp¡ D`f hÇ> (lufp) S>¡hp QdL$sp„ p_

hpmp„ M|b S> OpV$p„ h©np¡ Aph¡gp„ R>¡. hÇ> fÐ_p¡ S>¡hu QmL$su Ðep„_u f¡su R>¡. hÇ> (lufp) S>¡hy„ TNpfp dpfsy„ s¡

_v$u_y„ S>m R>¡. s¡ _v$u Qpf¡L$p¡f rhÓ L$fhphpmu kv$p hl¡su fl¡ R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_p S>¡ DÑd c¼sp¡ R>¡ s¡Ap¡

Ðep„_y„ S>m uA¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ S>m_p âcph\u s¡ cL$sp¡_y„ ifuf hÇ> S>¡hy„ dS>b|s \B Åe R>¡. (lufp¡ kp¥\u L$W$Z

`v$p\® NZpe R>¡. s¡_p„ S>¡hy„ ifuf lp¡e s¡_¡ hÇ>L$pep L$l¡ R>¡, hÇ>L$pephpmp Adf \B Åe R>¡.) s¡ cL$sp¡ gp„bp

Apeyóehpmp (v$uOp®ey) A_¡ _ufp¡Nu fl¡ R>¡.

A¡L$ kde_u hps R>¡ - S>epf¡ v$¡hfpS> BÞÖA¡ c„X$pkyf_¡ hÇ> dpey¯ Ðepf¡ s¡ hÇ> Ap _v$udp„ Qpëey„ Ney„.

BÞÖv$¡hspA¡ _v$udp„\u hÇ> pRy„> d¡mhhp dpV$¡ s¡ _v$u_p qL$_pf¡ hÇ>¡ðfu v$¡hu_u õ\p`_p L$fu A_¡ Ðep„ v$¡hu_¡ âkß

L$fhp dpV$¡ OÏ„ s` L$ey¯. s¡ S>mdp„\u v$¡hu âNV$ \ep A_¡ BÞÖ_¡ hÇ> pRy„> Apàey„. v$¡hu_p A„sÝep®_ \ep R>u BÞÖ

L©$sp\® \B_¡ õhN®dp„ Nep - A¡hu Ap hÇ> _pd_u _v$u A_¡ hÇ>¡ðfu v$¡hu_p dlpÐçe_u L$\p R>¡.

hÇ>ipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f h¥vy$e®drZ_p¡ ipm (qL$ëgp¡) R>¡. Ap qL$ëgp¡ Z M|b KQp¡ R>¡ A_¡ l¡gp„_p„

qL$ëgpAp¡_u S>¡d S> Np¡`yf Apqv$ R>¡. s¡_u c|rd Z k|e®_u S>¡d âL$pidp_ R>¡. `pspmdp„ fl¡hphpmp S> v$¡hu_p

D`pkL$p¡ R>¡ s¡ rkÙdyr_Ap¡ Ðep„ fl¡ R>¡. s¡ kh£_¡ Ðep„ M|b S> kyM R>¡. i¡j_pN, L$fL$p¡V$L$, dlp`Ú, hpkyqL$, i„M,

snL$, i„MQ|X$, dp¡V$u a¡Zhpmp _pNfpÅ rhN¡f¡ s¡Ap¡_u Ð_uAp¡ kp\¡ Ðep„ fl¡ R>¡. brg S>¡dp„ dy¿e R>¡ A¡hp d®hs}

v$¥Ðep¡ R>¡ S>¡ A¡d_p NZ s\p AÞe _pNv$¡hspAp¡_u kp\¡, Ð_uAp¡ krls Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡.

dp grgsp Açbp_p d„Óp¡ S>`hphpmp, s¡d_y„ ip÷ hp„Qhphpmp, s¡d_u |Å L$fhphpm, Akyf A_¡ _pN

Ðep„ fl¡ R>¡. Ðep„ iusm S>m_u _v$uAp¡ hl¡ R>¡. kfp¡hf r_d®m S>mhpmp„ A_¡ s¡dp„ Mug¡gp„ L$dmp¡\u ip¡cpedp_ R>¡.

kp¥fk nuAp¡ s¡_p qL$_pf¡ fl¡ R>¡. h¥vy$e®drZ_p„ Ðep„ qv$ìe ch_ R>¡ Äep„ Akyf A_¡ _pNp¡ ¾$uX$p L$f¡ R>¡.

h¥vy$e® drZ_p ipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f BÞÖ_ug drZ_p¡ afsp¡ ipm R>¡. l¡ dyr_, Ðep„_u ^fsu

BÞÖ_ugdrZ_u R>¡. Ðep„ d^yf _v$uAp¡ R>¡, iusm kfp¡hfp¡ R>¡, Sy>v$p-Sy>v$p âL$pf_p Ðep„ cp¡Áe v$p\p£ R>¡. c|gp¡L$dp„

S>¡ cL$sp¡, dp grgsp Açbp_p d„Óp¡_p kp^L$ R>¡ s¡ d©Ðey R>u BÞÖ_ugipmdp„ fl¡ R>¡. Ðep„ Ð_u krls flu_¡ kh£

qv$ìe kyMp¡_p¡ cp¡N L$f¡ R>¡, d^yf dqv$fp_y„ p_ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ cqL$s`|h®L$ Nus _©Ðepqv$ L$f¡ R>¡. l¡ ANõÐeÆ, s¡ _v$u_p

qL$_pf¡ gspAp¡_p„ ky„v$f Of b_ph¡gp„ R>¡ s¡dp„ A_¡ kd©qÙhpmp„ d„qv$fp¡dp„ kv$p cNhsu_p rhÓ _pdp¡_p¡ cL$sp¡ S>`

86

L$f¡ R>¡. A_¡ cNhsu_p„ NyZNp_ Npe R>¡. s¡Ap¡ `Ð_uAp¡_u kp\¡ Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. Äepf¡ L$d®_p¡ ne \pe Ðepf¡

c|gp¡L$dp„ S>B_¡ d_yóe ifuf pfZ L$f¡ R>¡ f„sy |h®_u hpk_p\u s¡Ap¡ afu\u cNhsu_u S> |Å L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ R>u

`pR>p _ugõ\mdp„ Åe R>¡. s¡ õ\m_p k„`L®$\u fpNÜ¡j\u DÐ`ß \e¡gp _ugcph\u ey¼s d_yóe s¡ âdpZ¡ S>

AphpNd_ L$f¡ R>¡, (`f„sy) l¡ dlpdyr_, S>¡ op_u y{$j R>¡ s¡ fpNÜ¡j\u frls R>¡, S>¡_u BqÞÖep¡ hidp„ R>¡, l¡ dyr_

s¡hp¡ c¼s Apòe®\u eyL$s cNhsu_u pk¡ fl¡ R>¡.

BÞÖ_ug ipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f dy¼spam _pd_p¡ ipm R>¡. AÐe„s âL$pidp_ Ðep„_u ^fsu R>¡. l¡ dyr_,

kh® S>ÁepA¡ dp¡su gpN¡gp„ R>¡, s¡ AÐe„s iusm A_¡ d_p¡lf R>¡. spd°`rZ A_¡ dlpâZu _pd_u _v$uAp¡dp„ dp¡su

S>¡hu iusg âcphpmy„ S>m hlu füy„ R>¡. s¡_p qL$_pf¡ v$¡hspgp¡L$p¡ A_¡ |h®S>Þddp„ S>¡Z¡ v$¡hu_u kp^_p L$fu R>¡ s¡hp

cL$sp¡ fl¡ R>¡. s¡_u |h®, [ðd, DÑf, v$rnZ, Bip_, Aq‚, _¥F$Ðe A_¡ hpeìe A¡d ApW$ qv$ipAp¡dp„ BÞÖ Apqv$

v$¡hspAp¡_p„ ApW$ gp¡L$ R>¡.

`|h£ L$l¡gp BÞÖ_ugdrZ_p ipg A_¡ dyL$spamipg_u hÃQ¡_u ^fsu_p„ `|h® cpNdp„ BÞÖgp¡L$ R>¡, s¡_p

Aq‚L$p¡Z_u qv$ipdp„ Aq‚v$¡h_p¡ gp¡L$ R>¡. Aq‚L$p¡Z_u v$rnZdp„ edgp¡L$ R>¡ s¡_p fpÅ v„$X$^pfu edfpS> R>¡. s¡Ap¡

kh®v$p dp grgsp Açbp_p _pd_p¡ S>` L$f¡ R>¡ Z edfpS>_p¡ õhcph suh° (¾$p¡^hpmp¡) R>¡. edv|$sp¡ s¡_u Apop

dp_¡ R>¡. rQÓNyá (b^p„ Æhp¡_p L$dp£_p¡ rlkpb fpM_pf v$¡h) A_¡ edv|$sp¡_u kp\¡ dmu_¡ edfpS> d©Ðeygp¡L$_y„

r_ed_ L$f¡ R>¡. s¡ Ap kh£ L$pep£ dp grgsp Açbp_u iqL$s hX$¡ S> L$f¡ R>¡.

S>¡_¡ Nyê$A¡ Ópku_¡ îp` v$B v$u^p¡ lp¡e, S>¡ vy$fpQpfu lp¡e, S>¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p¡ Ü¡j L$f_pfpAp¡ R>¡, S>¡

L$`V$\u cqL$s L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ Od„X$u A_¡ AÐe„s Arcdp_u R>¡, S>¡ d„Óp¡_u Qp¡fu L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ L$d„Ó_p¡ S>` L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡

Ly$rhÛp L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ p` L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ _pqõsL$ R>¡, pìug, h©\p âpZuAp¡_¡ dpf_pfp¡, ÷uAp¡_p¡ Ü¡j L$f_pfp¡, gp¡L$p¡_p¡

Ü¡j L$f_pfp¡, S>¡ `pM„X$uAp¡_y„ `pg_ L$f_pfp¡ - A¡hp kh® `pùAp¡_¡ L$pgk|Ó, fp¥fh, Ly„$cu`pL$, Op¡f Ark`Ó

(sghpf S>¡hu ^pfhpmp„ `p_hpmu h_õ`rs_y„) h_dp„, L©$rdcn, âsp`_, gpgpn¡`, A„Npfpdp„ s`ph_pfp„ -

L$ô$v$peL$ _fL$p¡dp„ îuv$¡hu_u Apop\u s¡ dlps¡S>hpmp¡ edfpS> s¡dp„ _pM¡ R>¡. edgp¡L$_u `[òd¡ _¥F$ÐeL$p¡Zdp„

fpnkgp¡L$ R>¡. s¡ kh£ Z dp grgsp Açbp_u |Å L$fhphpmp„ R>¡.

fpnkgp¡L$\u DÑf cpNdp„ bß¡ Üpfp¡_u hQdp„ [òd qv$ip Aph¡gu R>¡. Ðep„ hê$Zgp¡L$dp„ hê$Zv$¡h fl¡ R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ hpê$Zu (dqv$fp)_p õhpv$\u DÞdpv$_p¡ A_ych L$fsp„ A_¡ iyc (ky„v$f) A„Nhpmp R>¡. dNfdÃR> s¡d_y„ hpl_

R>¡. s¡Ap¡ kv$pe îuv$¡hu_p d„Óp¡_p¡ S>` L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ îue„Ó_u kp^_p L$f¡ R>¡. îuv$¡hu_p ip÷_p Ü¡ju_¡ pidp„ bp„û_¡

_uQ¡ a¢L$u v$¡ R>¡ A_¡ cL$sp¡_p„ b„^_p¡_¡ L$pù _pM¡ R>¡.

hê$Zgp¡L$\u DÑfdp„ hpeyL$p¡Z R>¡. Ðep„ hpeygp¡L$ R>¡ S>¡dp„ dlpbmhp_ hpeyv$¡h r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. Ap hpeygp¡L$dp„

hpey ifufhpmp, dlp_ Dv$ehpmp (Aæeyv$e L$f_pfp), kv$p Ap_„v$hpmp, `h__p¡ (âpZpepd-âpZiqL$s_p¡)

Aæepk L$fhphpmp rkÙp¡ Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. Np¡fn_p\ S>¡dp„ âdyM R>¡ s¡hp ep¡NuS>_p¡ ep¡Nkp^_pdp„ sÐ`f flu_¡

Ap qv$ìe õ\p_dp„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. hpeyv$¡hsp Ðep„ d|rs®dp_ (kpL$pf v$¡hsp) ê$`¡ fl¡ R>¡. CX$p, t`Ngp A_¡ kyjyçZp

s¡_u ÓZ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. s¡ d ydv$\u Apmkhpmu R>¡. hpeyv$¡h dlp_ Apk_ D`f rhfpS>dp_ R¡. s¡d_y„ hpl_ d©N

87

R>¡. s¡d_p lp\dp„ ÝhS> R>¡. s¡Ap¡ dp grgsp Açbp_y„ |S>_, h„v$_, Ýep_ L$fhpdp„ sÐ`f fl¡ R>¡. Ap_„v$ yqfs buÆ

iqL$sAp¡\u `Z eyL$s R>¡. îudp_ hpeyv$¡hsp kv$p cNhsu_p„ _pdp¡_p¡ S>` L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_p bm\u L$ë`_p A„sdp„

qÓgp¡L$u_p Qf, AQf kh£ v$p\p£_¡ |m L$fu v$B (k„kpf_p¡ ge L$fu _p„Mu_¡) cNhsu_¡ Ap_„v$ Ap ¡ R>¡. p¡sp_u

iqL$s_u rkqÙ dpV$¡ grgsp v$¡hu_u cqL$scph\u |Å L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ kh® Apc|jZp¡\u c|rjs R>¡. Ap âdpZ¡ hpeygp¡L$

A_¡ hpeyv$¡hsp_y„ hZ®_ \e„y.

Ðepfbpv$ hpeygp¡L$\u |h® cpNdp„ DÑf qv$ip R>¡ Ðep„ b¡ Üpfp¡_u hÃQ¡ engp¡L$ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡ dlpâL$pidp_

enp¡_p¡ fpÅ (Ly$b¡f) fl¡ R>¡. _hr_r^, qfqÙrkqÙ iqL$sAp¡_u kp\¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p cL$sp¡_¡ _k„`qÑ\u |Z®

L$f¡ R>¡. enfpS> p¡sp_u A_yLy$m ernZuAp¡_u kp\¡ A_yL|$m âh©qÑ Üpfp rhrh^ d y_p âL$pfp¡\u îuv$¡hu_u |Å L$f¡

R>¡. drZcÖ, |Z®cÖ, drZdp_, drZL„$v$f hN¡f¡ en k¡_p`rsAp¡ Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡.

engp¡L$_p `|h®cpNdp„ dlp_ Dv$ehpmp¡ {$Ögp¡L$ R>¡. dlp_ qL„$dsu fÐ_p¡\u b_¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$dp„ dlp{$Ö

`p¡sp_p„ Ak„¿e {$ÖNZp¡ kp\¡ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. kh£ {$Öp¡ ¾$p¡^\u âÄhrgs \B füp„ R>¡. s¡Ap¡A¡ bpZ_p„ cp\p bp„û

fp¿ep R>¡. dlp{$Ö, `p¡sp_p kdp_ dlp_ bmhpmp {$Öp¡\u h]V$mpe¡gp R>¡. ^_yj D`f bpZ QX$phhpdp„ Qsyf

s¡d_p NZp¡ kp¡m AphfZdp„ qõ\s R>¡. s¡d_p NZp¡ kv$p s¡d_¡ h]V$mpe¡gp fl¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ dyM\u îuv$¡hu_p¡ d„Ó S>`¡

R>¡. îuv$¡hu_p Ýep_\u k„`ß îuv$¡hu_p `|S>_dp„ DÐkyL$ A_¡ L$fp¡X$ {$ÖpZuAp¡ _pNZp¡\u h]V$mpe¡gu R>¡. s¡

{$ÖpZuAp¡_p„ A„Np¡ ky„v$f R>¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡ _hep¥h_\u Nrh®s R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_p Ýep_dp„ âurshpmu R>¡. kv$p

Apkh_p dv$\u Apmkhpmu R>¡.

s¡ kh®_u kp\¡ îudp_ dlp{$Ö, qÓiym^pfu rlfÎebply _pd_p âdyM {$Ö\u k¡rhs R>¡. dp grgsp

Açbp_p ip÷\u S>¡ c°ô$ R>¡ S>¡ DÂ^s y{$j R>¡, S>¡_¡ dlp`y{$jp¡ r ½$pf L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ qÓi|g\u (A\p®s¹ ÓZ âL$pf_p

kp„kpqfL$ sp` A\hp i|g, S>¡_¡ Apr^, ìepr^ A_¡ D`pr^ L$l¡ R>¡ s¡_p\u) dpf¡ R>¡. s¡ {$Öp¡ p¡sp_p _¡Óp¡_p Aq‚\u

s¡hp gp¡L$p¡_p ìy, _p¡L$fQpL$f hN¡f¡ kh®_p¡ _pi L$fu v$¡ R>¡. Apop^pfu dlphuf (dlp{$Ö) dp grgsp Açbp_u

Apop_¡ dp_hphpmp¡ R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, s¡ ky„v$f {$Ögp¡L$dp„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. l¡ F$rj, s¡ dlp{$Ö_p NZp¡_p¡ qfhpf

OZp¡ dp¡V$p¡ R>¡. A_„s {$Öp¡ R>¡, s¡_¡ L$l¡hpdp„ L$p¡Z kd\® R>¡ ? lÅfp¡ lÅfp¡ {$Öp¡ ©Õhudp„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. lÅfp¡

lÅfp¡ {$Öp¡ ApL$pidp„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. L$p¡B {$Öp¡_y„ Aq‚ A¡ S> bpZ R>¡ A_¡ L$p¡B {$Öp¡_y„ hpey S> bpZ R>¡ sp¡ L$p¡B

{$Öp¡_y„ hjp® S> bpZ R>¡ (A\p®s¹ s¡Ap¡ Aq‚, hpey, hjp® hN¡f¡_u Ly$v$fsu âL$p¡`ê$`¡ rh_pi L$fhp_u iqL$s fph¡ R>¡.)

âL$pidp_ gpg _¡Óhpmp dlp_ bmhpmp {$Öp¡ kdyÖp¡dp„ A_¡ A„sqfndp„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. S>V$phpmp, d^y\u

dshpgp, gugp L„$W$hpmp, gpg hZ®hpmp, A¡hp {$Ö `©Õhu `f riMpfrls A_¡ S>V$p^pfu ê$`hpmp fl¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡

dpN®_p fnL$ A_¡ su\®dp„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡.

lÅfp¡_u k„¿epdp„ buÅ ^_yóebpZ^pfu {$Öp¡ v$i¡ qv$ipdp„ fl¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ kh£ dp grgsp Açbp_u Apop

dp_hphpmp R>¡. s¡ kh£ dlpÐdp {$Öp¡ ÓZ¡ gp¡L$_¡ ^pfZ L$fhphpmp, îuv$¡hu_p Ýep_dp„ r_óZp„s A_¡ îuv$¡hu_p

_pdp¡_p¡ S>` L$fhphpmp R>¡. kp¡m AphfZhpmy„ Q¾$ dp¡suAp¡_p qL$ëgpdp„ Aph¡gy„ R>¡ s¡_¡ {$Ögp¡L$ L$l¡ R>¡. îuv$¡hu_p

S>¡ cL$s R>¡ s¡hp L©$`pmy {$Ö s¡ {$Ögp¡L$_y„ pg_ A_¡ fnZ L$f¡ R>¡. s¡ kh® {$Öp¡ Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. s¡dp„ rlfÎebply

âdyM {$Ö R>¡, s¡ dlp{$Ö_u kdu`dp„ kh® {$Öp¡ kp\¡ fl¡ R>¡. A_¡ dlp{$Ö_u D`pk_p L$f¡ R>¡.

88

âL$fZ - 24

qv$Á`pg rihgp¡L$

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : dlp{$Ö S>¡_p Ar^›$psp v$¡hsp R>¡ s¡ kp¡m AphfZhpmy„ Q¾$ L$¡hy„ R>¡ ? A_¡ s¡dp„ S>¡ füp R>¡ s¡ {$Öp¡_p„ _pd L$ep L$ep R>¡ ? L$ep AphfZdp„ L$ep _pd_p {$Öp¡ fl¡ R>¡ ? s¡d_p ep¡rNL$ _pd A_¡ ê$Y$u_pd Ad_¡ L$lp¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : {$Öpge dp¡suAp¡_p kd|l\u b_¡gy„ R>¡. `p„Q ep¡S>_ g„bpB A_¡ s¡V$gu S> `lp¡mpB_p O¡fphpdp„ R>¡. kp¡m AphfZ\u h]V$mpe¡gu A¡hu A¡L$ ky„v$f uW$ (Apk_) hÃQ¡_p cpNdp„ Aph¡gu R>¡. s¡_p f ¾$p¡^\u âL$pris \sp„ ÓZ _¡Óp¡hpmp dlp{$Ö b¡W$p R>¡. s¡d_p _yóedp„ suf QX$ph¡g„y S> fl¡ R>¡. s¡_p ÓZ M|Zpdp„ ÓZ {$Ö b¡W$p R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : A¡L$ rlfÎebply, buÅ¡ k¡_p_u A_¡ ÓuÅ¡ qv$ipç`rs. (â\d AphfZ)

Ðepfbpv$ R> L$p¡Zdp„ R> {$Ö R>¡ S>¡d_p„ _pd : h©np, lqfL$¡ip, iy`rs, i[ó`„S>f, qÐhjudp_¹, r\_p„`rs. (buSy„> AphfZ)

s¡_p R>u ApW$ L$p¡Zdp„ : bc°yip, rhìepr^, AÞ_`rs, lqfL$¡i, D`rhsu, yóV$p_pç`rs, ch, l¡su Ap _pdhpmp {$Öp¡ Aph¡gp„ R>¡. (ÓuSy„> AphfZ )

v$i d„Ó_p AphfZdp„ qõ\s v$k {$Ö v$¡hspAp¡_p„ _pd : S>Nspç`rs, {$Ö, Assphu, n¡Ó`rs, k|s, Ald, h_`rs, fp¡rls, õ\`rs, h©npZpç`rs. (Ap Qp¡\y„ AphfZ R>¡)

l¡ L$gi k„ch ANõÐe ! bpf d„Ó A_¡ `p„Qdp AphfZdp„ qõ\s bpf {$Ö v$¡hspAp¡_p„ _pd : d„Óu, hpZuS>, L$n`rs, ch„su, hpqÁhv$, Ap¥jr^_pç`rs, DQ¥Op¡¡j, Ap¾„$v$eÞsp¡, `rs_pç`rs, L©$Ðõ_rhÑò, ^phò, kÐhp_pç`rs.

kp¡m d„Ó A_¡ R>Ì$p AphfZdp„ qõ\s kp¡m {$Ö v$¡hspAp¡_p„ _pd : kldp_, r_fìepr^, ìepr^_pç`rs, L$Ly$c, r_j„Nu, õs¡_pç`rs, r_Q¡{$, rhoep, A^, `qfQf, AfÎep¡`rs, k©L$prhj, Æ^p„k„s, DóZ_pç`rs, Akud„Ó, kyâpo, _¼s„Qfp¡.

l¡ kdyÖ_y„ p_ L$f_pfp tk^y` ANõÐe dyr_, kpsdp AphfZdp„ r_hpk L$fhphpmp bpf {$Ö v$¡hspAp¡_p„ _pd : âL©$rs_pç`rs, DóZuju, Nuf¡ðf, Ly$gyQp_pç`rs, Bjyd„s, ^Þhprhv$, s_hp_, ârs`|hp®v$^p_L$p, ApeÃR>s, rhk©S„>s, Aõe„sp¡, rhÛÞs.

l¡ rhÞÝedv®$_ ANõÐe ! ApW$dp AphfZdp„ fl¡hphpmp kp¡m {$Öp¡ : Apku_p, iep_p, e„s, ÅN©s, rsóW„$s, ^phs:, kæepò, kdpr^`p, Aðp, Að`rs, Aìepr^Þe, rhrhÝe„sp¡, NZpÝen, b©lsp¡, N©Ðkp, Aô$pqv$irhÛp.

_hdp AphfZdp„ fl¡hphpmp huk {$Öp¡ : N©Ðkpr^`rs, h°psp, h°ps`rs, NZp, NZ`p, rhðê$`p, rhfy`L$p, dlpÞs, nyëgL$p, fr\_, Af\p, f\p, f\`rs, k¡_p, k¡_p_u, nspf, k„N©luspf, snp„Zp¡, f\L$pfL$p, Ly$gpg.

89

l¡ OV$p¡v$¹ch ANõÐe ! v$idp AphfZ_p Ó¡huk {$Öp¡ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : L$dp®fp, `y„ÆóW$p, r_jpv$p, BiyL©$v$NZp, ^ÞhL$pfp, d©Neh, ð_e, ðp_, Að, Að`rs, ch, {$Ö, ih®, ìy`rs, _ugN°uh, rirsL„$W$, L$`v$}, ìeyáL$¡i, kl÷pn, is^Þhp, rNfui, rir`rhóV$ A_¡ du$Yyô$d¹.

l¡ Ly$çcS> ANõÐe ! ArNepfdp Q¾$dp„ fl¡hphpmp Qp¡huk {$Öp¡_p„ _pd : Biyds¹, l²õh, hpd_, b©l_¹, hj}ep_¹, h©Ù, kd©Ù, AN°e, â\d, Apiy, AÆf, iuO°, riæeL$, Drd®, Aphõh_¹, {$Ö, ÷p¡sõe, qv$ìe, S>e¡óW$, L$r_óW$, |h®S>, AhfS>, dÝed, AhNçe, S>OÞe. Ap Qp¡huk dlpbmhp_ {$Öp¡ R>¡.

l¡ s`p¡r_r^ ANõÐe ! bpfdp„ AphfZdp„ qõ\s dlpL$pep A_¡ dlpbmhpmp R>ìhuk {$Öp¡ fl¡ R>¡ : by^Þe, kp¥çe, {$Ö, ârsk`®L$, epçeL$, n¡çe, AhMëe, ïgp¡L$e, AhkpÞeL$, hÞe, L$ÿe, îh, ârsîh, Apiyj¡Z, Apiyf\, i|f, Ahtcv$, hd}, h{$\u, rbëdu_, L$hQu, îys, k¡_, vy„$vy$rc, AplÞe A_¡ O©óÏ.

s¡fdp AphfZ_p dlpbmhpmp AW$ephuk {$Öp¡_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : âc©i, v|$s, âlus, r_j„rN, Bjyr^dp_, õhpey^, ky^Þhp, õsyÐe, `Õe, L$pìe, _pV$¹e, ky^, kfõe, rhÞÝedv®$_, _p^dp_p¡, h¡i„s, Ly$àe, Ah^hóe®, Ahóe®, d¡Ýe, rhÛyÐe, B^°e, AsS>¹e, hpÐep¥, f¡óçe, hpõsìe, hpõsy` A_¡ kp¡d.

Qp¥v$dp AphfZ_p AW$ephuk {$Öv$¡hspAp¡_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : {$Ö, spd°, A{$Z, i„N, ìy`rs, DN°p¡, cud, AN°¡h^, vy$f¡h^, l„sp, lr_e, h©j, lqfL$¡iL$, spf, i„cy, dep¡cy:, i„L$f, deõL$f, rih, rihsf, suÕe®, Ly$ëe, pe®, A`pe®, âsfZ, DÑfZ, Apse®, gæe, jóW$, a¡Þe.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Apey p¡ krls `„v$fdp„ AphfZdp„ fl¡_pfp v$¡hspAp¡_p„ ùv$eê$` (A\p®s¹ v$¡hspAp¡_¡ Ars râe) bÓuk {$Öv$¡hspAp¡_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : rkL$Ðe, âhpü, BfuÎe, â`Õe, qL„$iug, neZ, L$`v$}, `ygõÐe, Np¡óW$, Nyü, sgàep, N¡ü, L|$V$é, Nø¹hf, BóW$, DØu`L$, r_h¡óV$, p„sìe, f\Þe, iyL$¹e, lfurs, Dgp¡\p, gp¡àep, Dèe®, e¡e, Z®i, Dv$Nyf, dpZ¡L$, ArhÂ_, Apùv$s, âMuhv$_, qL$qfL$.

kp¡mdp AphfZdp„ |h® Apqv$ Qpf¡ Üpfdp„ : rhnuZÐL$ NZ, rhrQÞhÐL$NZ, r_l®s_pdL$p, Apguh¼sp, r_ô$Ðe hN¡f¡ {$Ö v$¡hspAp¡ dlp{$Ö_u D`pk_p L$f¡ R>¡. kp¡mdp AphfZdp„ lÅfp¡ lÅfp¡ {$Öp¡ fl¡ R>¡. s¡ kh® {$Öp¡ dlp{$Ö_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

D`f L$l¡gp„ kh£ {$Öp¡ D`f dp grgsp Açbp_u Apop âhs£ R>¡. k„kpf_u kd©qÙ dpV$¡ dy¼spipg (dp¡su_p qL$ëgp)_p Bip_ L$p¡Zdp„ fl¡ R>¡. kMu {$Öudp„ Ap dlpbmhp_ {$Öp¡_y„ L$\_ L$ey¯ R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_u S>¡ cqL$s L$f¡ s¡_y„ kh®v$p pg_ L$f¡ R>¡, A_¡ S>¡ grgspv$¡hu_p AcL$sp¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ rhÂ_dp„ _p¿ep L$f¡ R>¡.

Aphu fus¡ CÞÖ Apqv$ ApW$ v$¡hspAp¡_p gp¡L$ dy¼spipgdp„ Aph¡gp„ R>¡, s¡ kh®¡ v$¡hspNZ dp grgsp Açbp_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

dy¼spipg\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f dfL$sdrZ_p¡ ipm R>¡. s¡ Qpf ep¡S>_ KQp¡ R>¡. |h® kdp_ Np¡ yf Apqv$\u `|Z® R>¡. Ap ipmdp„ Aq‚L$p¡Zdp„ v„$X$_p\p_p Qpf dl¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡ Qpf¡ dl¡g d„qÓZu_p\p_p dl¡gp¡ S>¡hp S> R>¡. NursQ¾$f\dp„ S>¡V$gp v$¡hspAp¡ fl¡sp lsp, L$¡ S>¡dZ¡ c„X$pkyf_u kp\¡_p dlpeyÙdp„ cpN gu^p¡ lsp¡ s¡ kh£ Ðep„ S> fl¡ R>¡. Ap qL$ëgpdp„ Qpf¡L$p¡f dfL$sdrZ gpN¡gp„ R>¡. Ðep„ kyhZ®_p„ spg h©np¡ R>¡, S>¡ kh®F$sydp„ ama|g Ap`hphpmp„ R>¡. Ðep„ S>¡V$gu v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡ s¡Ap¡_u ip¡cp v„$X$_p\pv$¡hu_u ip¡cp S>¡hu S> R>¡.

90

lm A_¡ dyim pfZ L$fu_¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f iqL$sAp¡ afu flu R>¡. Ðep„ kyhZ® S>¡hp„ _hu_ spgh©np¡ Aph¡gp„ R>¡.

spgh©np¡_p„ \X$ M|b S> dp¡V$p„ R>¡. kyhZ® S>¡hu s¡_u R>pg R>¡ A_¡ qõ_Á^ R>pep R>¡, am\u sp¡ gQu X$ep„ R>¡. \X$\u

D`f kyû OX$phX$p S>¡hX$p„ spgam gpN¡gp„ R>¡, v„$X$_p\pv$¡hu_u âkßsp dpV$¡ riëùAp¡A¡ A¡hp„ h©np¡ Ðep„ gNpìep„ R>¡.

s¡ spgh©n_p fk_y„ p_ L$fu S„>c©Zu Apqv$ Q¾$v$¡huAp¡, l¡syL$ Apqv$ c¥fh, kár_N°l v$¡huAp¡ hN¡f¡ dv$\u rhø¹hm

\B_¡ _pQu füp„ R>¡. Qpf¡ sfa v„$qX$_u v$¡hu_u Äep„ Äep„ ×[ô$ X$¡ R>¡ Ðep„ Ðep„ DÞdpv$_y„ hpsphfZ kÅ®B füy„ R>¡.

Al]ep v„$X$_p\p_p¡ dl¡g _pddpÓ_p¡ R>¡. Al] cNhsu grgsp Açbp_u k¡hp dpV$¡_y„ s¡_„y r_hpkõ\p_

R>¡. v„$X$_p\p_p¡ r_hpk v|$f lp¡hp\u s¡ cNhsu_u pk¡ S> fl¡ R>¡. dfL$s ipg\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f Ðep„ âhpg_p¡ âpL$pf

R>¡ s¡ âps:L$pg_p k|e® S>¡hp¡ gpg R>¡ Ðep„ kh® L$p„B âhpg_y„ S> b_¡gy„ R>¡. Ðep„ b°ûpÆ_y„ âhpg_y„ b_¡gy„ L$dm Apk_

R>¡. b°ûgp¡L$\u kh® F$rjAp¡ kp\¡ Al] Aph¡ R>¡. kv$pe îu grgsp Açbp_u k¡hp dpV$¡ Apmkfrls flu_¡ fl¡ R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, dfurQ Apqv$ âÅ`rsAp¡_u kp\¡ b°ûv$¡h Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. Qp¥v$ rhÛp, lÅfp¡

D`rhÛp, Qsy:j›$u (Qp¡kW$) L$gp s¡ kh® kpL$pf ê$` pfZ L$fu_¡ âhpg_p âpL$pfdp„ fl¡ R>¡. grgsp v$¡hu_u Apop\u

k„kpf_u kd©qÙ dpV$¡ Ðep„ fl¡ R>¡.

âhpg_p ipg\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f dpZ¡L$ d„X$` Qpf¡ sfa R>¡. s¡ rhóÏgp¡L$ R>¡. rhóÏgp¡L$dp„ kpnps¹ S>¡ rhóÏ

cNhp_ R>¡ s¡ dp grgsp Açbp_u k¡hp L$fhpdp„ DÐkyL$ R>¡.

Qpf âL$pf\u (Qsyrh®N°l - Qpf ê$`p¡hpmp), v$k âL$pf\u (v$i ê$`p¡hpmp - v$iphspfu) A_¡ bpf âL$pf\u

rhðd|rs® dp^h kv$p Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡.

c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_u kp\¡_p dlpeyÙdp„ dp grgsp Açbp_p _Mdp„\u S>¡ DÐ`ß \ep s¡ v$iphspf v$¡hsp s¡

dpZ¡L$d„X$`dp„ fl¡ R>¡. Ap d„X$`_u bû L$np dpZ¡L$ fÐ_p¡\u b_¡gu R>¡. Al] rhóÏ cNhp__p S>¡ bpf õhê$`p¡ fl¡

R>¡ s¡d_y„ hZ®_ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ :-

(1) kp¡_p S>¡hp õhê$`hpmp Q¾$^pfu L$¡ih cNhp_ |h® qv$ipdp„ fl¡ R>¡.

(2) [òd qv$ipdp„ _ugp d¡O S>¡hp õhê$`hpmp îu _pfpeZ fl¡ R>¡ s¡d_p lõsdp„ i„M ip¡cu füp¡ R>¡. _ugL$dg

S>¡hp íepdê$`, d^ydps, dp^h cL$sp¡_y„ fnZ L$fhp sÐ`f R>¡.

(3) v$rnZdp„ Q„Ödp S>¡hu L$p„rshpmp _yj^pfu Np¡thv$ fl¡ R>¡.

(4) DÑf qv$ipdp„ Ú S>¡hu kyN„^hpmp lm^pfu rhóZy cNhp_ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡.

(5) Aq‚L$p¡Zdp„ Afthv$pn, dyim^pfu d ykyv$_ cNhp_ fl¡ R>¡.

(6) _¥F®$ÐeL$p¡Zdp„ qÓqh¾$d cNhp_ fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_p lõsdp„ MX$¹N R>¡ A_¡ Aq‚ S>¡hp âcphhpmp R>¡.

(7) hpeyL$p¡Zdp„ hpd_ cNhp_ hÇ> pfZ L$fu_¡ fl¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ bpf hpÁep_p k|e® S>¡hp âL$pris fl¡ R>¡.

(8) Cip_ qv$ipdp„ îu^f cNhp_ L$dm S>¡hp f„Nhpmp A_¡ Ë$ui _pd_y„ i÷ pfZ L$f¡gp R>¡.

(9) F$rjL$¡i cNhp_ hpey qv$ipdp„ rhS>mu S>¡hu L$p„rshpmp A_¡ lp\dp„ dyv$¹Nf pfZ L$f¡gp R>¡.

(10) `Ú_pc, ipf„N`prZ, lÅf k|e®_p âL$pi S>¡hp dpZ¡L$ d„X$ dp„ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡.

91

(11) kh® Apey^p¡, kh® iqL$s A_¡ kh® op__¡ pfZ L$f_pfp, kh® ìep`L$, BÞÖNp¡` (s¡ _pd_y„ cX$L$ gpg f„N_y„

ÆhXy„$)_p S>¡hp f„N_p¡ pi S>¡d_p lõsdp„ R>¡ s¡ A`fprS>s _pdhpmp rhóÏ Ðep„ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡.

(12) kh®_p ApÐdpê$` (A\p®s¹ kh®ìepù fdpÐdp) v$pdp¡v$f cNhp_ dp grgsp Açbp_u cqL$s\u qf |Z®,

dpZ¡L$ d„X$` õ\p_dp„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡.

Ap fus¡ L$dm_¡Ó cNhp_ rhóÏ bpf õhê$`¡ dpZ¡L$ d„X$` õ\p_dp„ rhfpS>¡ R>¡. Ap õ\p__¡ "rhóÏgp¡L$'

L$l¡ R>¡.

dpZ¡L$ d„X$` ipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f lÅfp¡ \p„cgphpmp¡ A¡L$ AÐe„s d_p¡lf d„X$` R>¡. Sy>v$p Sy>v$p fÐ_p¡\u

b_¡gu A_¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p fÐ_p¡\u Ag„L©$s s¡ fÐ_deu ipm R>¡. \p„cgp_u A¡L$ A¡L$ lpfdp„ lÅf lÅf \p„cgp R>¡.

s¡hu Qpf¡ sfa M|b S> \p„cgpAp¡_u lpfp¡ R>¡. Ðep„_u R>s `Z fÐ_p¡\u dY$¡gu R>¡. Ap õ\p_ "rihgp¡L$' R>¡.

rihop__¡ kdÅh_pfp AW$ephuk rihip÷p¡_y„ Ðep„ r_Ðe W$_ \pe R>¡. _„qv$, c©„Nu, dlpL$pg Apqv$ NZp¡ Ðep„ fl¡

R>¡. R>ìhuk sÒhv$¡hsp A_¡ lÅfp¡ NZ¡i s¡ lÅfp¡ \p„cgphpmp d„X$`dp„ fl¡ R>¡. s¡ kh®_p _peL$, kh® rhÛpAp¡_p

Bðf cNhp_ Q„Öi¡Mf Ðep„ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ dp grgsp Açbp_u Apop_¡ dp_hphpmp R>¡. dp grgsp Açbp_p

d„Óp¡_p¡ S>` L$f¡ R>¡. r_Ðe d_ Ap_„qv$s fpM¡ R>¡. `p¡sp_p cL$sp¡_¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p¡ d„Ó rkÙ \pe s¡hu

L©$`p×[ô$\u Sy>A¡ R>¡. s¡d_u L©$`p×[ô$ A¡hu R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ A„v$f_p A_¡ blpf_p Aop_ê$ù A„^L$pf_¡ v|$f L$fu_¡,

dlpâL$piê$` d¡^piqL$s_p¡ âL$pi L$f¡ R>¡. kh®o, kh®L$sp®, hs®dp_ dlpv$¡h dp îuv$¡hu_u cqL$s\u `qf`|Z®sp_p¡

A_ych L$fsp kl÷ \p„cgp_p d„X$`dp„ rhfpS>¡ R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Ap âdpZ¡ v$f¡L$ fÐ_de* ipmdp„ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p v$¡hspAp¡ fl¡ R>¡ s¡_y„ Ad¡ hZ®_ L$ey¯.

* Ap`Zp k|ÿd EÅ® ifufdp„ S>¡ rhrh^f„Nu âL$pi R>¡ s¡_y„ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ f„N_p fÐ_p¡_u ipm sfuL$¡ Al]

hZ®_ L$fpey„ R>¡ s¡ Sy$v$p„ Sy>v$p„ f„Np¡_u sf„N g„bpB A¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p v$¡hspAp¡_u iqL$s R>¡ s¡ EÅ®Q¾$p¡_¡ v$¡hspAp¡_p

õ\p_ L$üp„ R>¡. A_¡ Ap v$¡hspAp¡ k|ÿd ifuf_¡ Qgph¡ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 25

dlpâop AÝe® õ\p`_ L$\_

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : lh¡ ÓZ hphX$uAp¡_p L$npc¡v$ bsphy„ R>y„. S>¡_p kp„cmhp\u dlpDv$e \pe.

lÅf \p„cgphpmp ipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f "d_' _pd_p¡ dlpipm L$¡ S>¡ kh® fÐ_p¡\u dY$¡gp¡ R>¡ s¡_y„ õ\p_

R>¡. ANpD hZ®_ L$f¡gp„ ipm_u S>¡d s¡_p Np¡ yf, bpfZp„, L$ pV$, ApNmp R>¡. s¡_u hÃQ¡ Ad©shpr`$L$pAp¡ R>¡. s¡

hpr`L$p_y„ Ad©s u_¡ rkÙp¡ dlpbmhp_ A_¡ dlpL$pephpmp \B Åe R>¡. s¡ fkpeZ R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Ad©s

fkpeZ S> Ðep„ S>mê$` fl¡ R>¡. s¡ S>m_u kyN„^\u rkqÙAp¡ âpá \B Åe R>¡, s¡ S>m_p¡ õì® Z _ L$ep£ lp¡e

(Ðep„ S> s¡_u kyN„^ dpÓ\u S>) kh® p`p¡ _pi pd¡ R>¡. b„_¡ ipm_u hÃQ¡ Ad©shpr`L$p_p b„_¡ qL$_pfp Aph¡gp„ R>¡.

(A\p®s¹ b„_¡ ipm_u hÃQ¡_p cpNdp„ Ad©s S>m S> cf¡gy„ R>¡.)

92

A^p® L$p¡i_u `lp¡mpB v$f¡L$ hphX$u_u R>¡. A_¡ Qpf ep¡S>_ gp„bu R>¡. s¡ hphX$u_p `Nr\ep„ ÅsÅs_p

fÐ_p¡_p„ b_¡gp„ R>¡. l„k A_¡ kpfk Ðep„ kp¡_p A_¡ fÐ_ S>¡hp f„N_p R>¡. s¡ hphX$u_p pZu_p„ sf„Np¡ b„_¡ qL$_pf¡ õì£

R>¡. nuAp¡ s¡ fkpeZ S>m uh¡ R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, s¡ S>m uhp\u s¡ nuAp¡ AS>f Adf \B Nep„. L$pf„X$ nu

L$¡ S>¡ kss bp¡gsy„ fl¡ R>¡ s¡_p¡ AhpS> Ýep_\u kp„cmsp„ kdÅe R>¡ L$¡ s¡ S>¡ bp¡g¡ R>¡ s¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p î¡›$

buS>d„Ó_p¡ S>` R>¡.

Qpf¡L$p¡f hphX$uAp¡ R>¡. Ðep„ S>hp dpV$¡ _p¥L$p rkhpe L$p¡B dpN® _\u. d„qÓZuv$¡hu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u Apop

hNf Ðep„ L$p¡B S>B iL$sy„ _\u. Ðep„ "spfp' _pd_u dlpiqL$s fl¡ R>¡.

_ugL$dg S>¡hu L$p„rshpmu spfpv$¡hu_u A_¡L$ k¡rhL$pAp¡ R>¡. fÐ_p¡_u lÅfp¡ _p¥L$pAp¡dp„ b¡ku_¡ s¡Ap¡

hphX$uAp¡dp„ fd¡ R>¡. L$p¡B Ap qL$_pf¡ Aph¡ R>¡, sp¡ L$p¡B buÅ qL$_pf¡ Aph¡ R>¡. huZp, h¡Ï, d©v„$N Apqv$ hpf„hpf hNpX$¡

R>¡. spfpv$¡hu_u L$fp¡X$p¡ _p¥L$phprl_u iqL$sAp¡ Ðep„ fl¡ R>¡. s¡ _hep¥h_pAp¡ R>¡. hpf„hpf _©Ðep¡ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ v$¡hu_p¡ S>i

Npe R>¡. L$p¡BA¡ i„Mp¡_u b„NX$uAp¡ l¡fu R>¡ sp¡ L$p¡B_p„ lp\dp„ L$p¡X$u_p„ Apc|jZp¡ ip¡cu füp„ R>¡. Ad©sS>m uA¡

R>¡ A_¡ k¢L$X$p¡ _p¥L$pAp¡dp„ Ðep„ af¡ R>¡. s¡ íepdf„Nhpmu iqL$sAp¡ _p¥L$pAp¡_¡ Qgphu flu R>¡. s¡Ap¡dp„ dy¿e spfp A„bp

R>¡ s¡ S>m_p kd|l_y„ ipk_ L$fhphpmp v$¡hu R>¡. d„qÓZuv$¡hu A_¡ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u Apop hNf spfpv$¡hu dlpv$¡h_¡

`Z Ðep„ Aphhp v$¡sp _\u.

spfp v$¡hu_u iqL$sAp¡ ky„v$f drZAp¡_u _p¥L$p Qgph¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ d^yfp Nusp¡ NpB flu R>¡. nZ¡nZdp„

dlpfpZu dp grgsp Açbp_u Dv$pfsp_p„ NyZNp_ L$fu flu R>¡. dpZ¡L$_p L$V$p¡fpdp„ s¡Ap¡ d^y p_ L$f¡ R>¡. v$f¡L$

_p¥L$pdp„ drZAp¡_p„ Of b_¡gp„ R>¡. s¡dp„ s¡Ap¡ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. spfpv$¡hu_p¡ s¡ _p¥L$piqL$sAp¡_p¡ kdyv$pe AÐe„s ky„v$f R>¡.

L$p¡B _p¥L$p kp¡_p_u sp¡ L$p¡B _p¥L$p fÐ_p¡_u, l¡ dyr_, L$p¡B _p¥L$p dNfdÃR> S>¡hu A_¡ L$p¡B _p¥L$p d©N S>¡hu R>¡. L$p¡B

_p¥L$p tkl_p dp¡Y$p S>¡hu, sp¡ L$p¡B _p¥L$p lp\u_p dp¡Y$p S>¡hu R>¡. Aphu A_¡L$ âL$pf_u rhrQÓ _p¥L$pAp¡dp„ fl¡gu s¡

iqL$sAp¡\u thV$mpe¡gp spfp Açbp dlp_ _p¥L$pdp„ rhfpÄep R>¡. bû _p¥L$pAp¡ Ap qL$_pf¡\u ¡g¡ qL$_pf¡ Aph¡ Åe

R>¡. "d_' _pd_p Ap dlpipm_u spfp Açbp fnp L$f¡ R>¡.

d_ _pd_p ipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f byqÙipm Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡_u KQpB Qpf ep¡S>_ R>¡. Ðep„ `Z kdN°

L$np_p¡ cpN hphX$u_p¡ S> b_¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ Ap_„v$hpr`L$p L$l¡ R>¡. Ðep„ bLy$g_u kyN„^hpmy„ d^ R>¡. s¡ d^ kp¡_p S>¡hu

L$p„rshpm„y R>¡. Ap_„v$ hphX$u KX$u A_¡ lp¡mu |h® hZ£gu hphX$u S>¡hu S> R>¡. s¡_p Nr\ep_u „qL$sAp¡ Z l¡gp„

hZ®_ L$f¡gu hphX$u S>¡hp„ S> R>¡. Ðep„_y„ S>m S> d^ê$` R>¡, s¡ qL$_pfphpmu iqL$sAp¡ uh¡ R>¡. d^y`p_ L$fhp\u DÞdv$

A_¡ gpg _¡Óp¡hpmu s¡ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. Ap Ap_„v$ hphX$u_u Ar^›$pspv$¡hu hp{$Zuv$¡hu R>¡. s¡d_y„ buSy„> _pd

ky^pdprg_u Z R>¡. s¡d_¡ Ad©s¡ðfu Z L$l¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ drZ_u _p¥L$pdp„ iqL$sk¡_p\u Aph©Ñ \B_¡ fl¡ R>¡. \p¡X$u

`Z L$p¡B D`f ×[ô$ L$f¡ sp¡ qÓgp¡L$u dv$_p _ip\u QL$Q|f \B Åe. bpf hpÁep_p k|e® S>¡hp âL$pris s¡Ap¡

(hpê$Zuv$¡hu) gpgOyd _¡Óp¡hpmp R>¡. `pqfÅs_p a|gp¡_u dp\pdp„ h¡Zu _pM¡gu R>¡. A¡L$ lp\dp„ hÇ>_p¡ (lufp

S>X$¡gp¡) L$V$p¡fp¡ R>¡. A_¡ buÅ lõsdp„ L$dm R>¡. hp{$Zuv$¡hu Ðep„ iqL$sAp¡_u _pqeL$p R>¡. s¡ Z d„qÓZu v$¡hu A_¡

v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_u Apop hNf ÓZ _¡Óp¡hpmp dlpv$¡h_¡ Z Aphhp _\u v$¡su.

93

byqÙipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f Al„L$pf ipm Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡_p Z l¡gp S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ kps Np¡`yf hN¡f¡

R>¡. Ap b„_¡ ipm_u hÃQ¡ "rhdk' hphX$u R>¡ S>¡ kyjyçZp (_pX$u_u A„v$f hl¡sp) Ad©sê$` R>¡. A\p®s¹ dlpep¡NuAp¡ `p¡sp_p A_ych âdpZ¡ S>Zph¡ R>¡ L$¡ Ap`Zp ifuf_p d¡ê$v„$X$ (L$fp¡X$fÄSy>)dp„ Aph¡gu (k|ÿd) kyjyçZp _pX$udp„

`fd Ad©s ÅN©s R>¡. (s¡hy„ S> Ad©s sÒh rhdk hphX$u_p S>mdp„ hlu fü„y R>¡.) l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, s¡ hphX$u_y„ A¡hy„ Ad©sde S>m R>¡. |h£ hZ®_ L$fpe¡gu hphX$uAp¡_u kdp_ S> _p¥L$p, Nr\ep, nuAp¡ Aph¡gp„ R>¡. s¡ rhdk hphX$u_u _p¥L$p_u Bðfu_y„ _pd Ly${$Ly$gpv$¡hu R>¡. sdpg S>¡hp¡ íepd s¡d_p¡ hZ® R>¡. A_¡ íepd h÷ pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡.

Ly${$Ly$gpv$¡hu_u buÆ iqL$sAp¡ Z s¡d_p S>¡hu S> R>¡. lp\dp„ fÐ_p¡_p„ L„$L$Z l¡ep¯ R>¡. s¡ bû S> iqL$sAp¡ M|b S> l©ô$- yô$ R>¡. s¡ iqL$sAp¡ A¡L$ qL$_pf¡\u buÅ qL$_pf¡ Aph¡ Åe R>¡. Ap hphX$u_u KX$pB lp¡mpB Z |h£ hZ®_

L$fpe¡gu hphX$uAp¡ S>¡V$gu S> R>¡.

Al„L$pf ipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f k|e®tbb _pd_p¡ Qpf ep¡S>_ KQp¡ ipm R>¡. k|e®_p A{$Zp¡v$e S>¡hy„ s¡ s¡S>õhu õ\p_ R>¡ s¡_u hÃQ¡_u S>¡ c|rd R>¡ s¡ Ly${$thv$ drZAp¡\u R>hpe¡gu R>¡. Ap bpgp Açbp_y„ s` õ\p_ R>¡. Ap S>ÁepA¡ cNhp_ k|e®v$¡h¡ dp grgsp Açbp_y„ suh° s` L$ey¯ s¡\u k|e®v$¡h_¡ qv$ìe L$p„rs A_¡ k|e®d„X$m (k|e® N°l)_p

Ar^`rs_y„ `v$ dýey„. S>¡V$gp„ N°lp¡, _nÓp¡ A_¡ spfpAp¡ R>¡, s¡_p Ar^`rs v$¡hspAp¡ s\p Ðep„_p r_hpkuAp¡ (qv$ìegp¡L$hpkuAp¡) A¡ kh£A¡ Ap õ\p_dp„ s` L$ey¯ A_¡ s¡\u s¡Ap¡ âL$pidp_ õhê$`hpmp (A\p®s¹ qv$ìe

ifufhpmp) bÞep. (Ap hZ®__p¡ ApÝepqÐdL$ flõe_u ×[ô$A¡ A¡hp¡ A\® \pe R>¡ L$¡ d_, by[Ù A_¡ Al„L$pf A¡ d_yóe_y„ L$pfZ ifuf R>¡. Ap L$pfZ ifuf, CqÞÖep¡ A_¡ s¡_u iåv$, õì®, ê$`, fk, N„^ Apqv$ sÞdpÓpAp¡_p

b_¡gp k|ÿd ifuf L$fsp„ `Z h^y k|ÿd R>¡. Ap fus¡ Ap`Zp AqõsÒhdp„ Qpf rhcpN R>¡ : 1) `p„Q dlpc|s_y„ b_¡gy„ õ\|g ifuf - L$d® â^p_ R>¡. 2) CqÞÖep¡_y„ b_¡gy„ k|ÿd ifuf - cp¡N â^p_ R>¡. 3) d_, byqÙ A_¡ Al„L$pf_y„ b_¡gy„ L$pfZ ifuf - rhQpf â^p_ R>¡ A_¡ 4) ApÐdõhê$` L$¡ S>¡_¡ dlpL$pfZ ifuf Z L$l¡ R>¡ s¡ õhe„

âL$pris, AS>f-Adf, kh®o A_¡ `fdpÐdp_p Arh_piu A„i õhê$` R>¡ s¡ r_rh®Qpf A_¡ r_rh®L$ë` R>¡ s\p kdpr^ qõ\rs_p qv$ìe Ap_„v$hpmy„ s\p `fdpÐdp_u AtQÐe iqL$sAp¡\u `qf`|Z® R>¡ s¡_¡ Al] ApÐdk|e® A\p®s¹

k|e®tbb_p¡ âv$¡i L$l¡hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Ap\u kdÅe R>¡ L$¡ ApÐdp_p âv$¡idp„ KX$p Dsfu_¡ ApÐdâL$pi_y„ Ýep_ L$fhp\u S> |h£_p v$¡hspAp¡ qv$ìesp_¡ pçep lsp„. ep¡NdpN®dp„ S>dZp _¡Ó_¡ Z k|e®iqL$s\u eyL$s dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. L$pfZ L$¡ S>dZp _¡Ódp„ Ly„$X$rg_u iqL$s_p âhpl_¡ lp¢QpX$su _pX$u_¡ k|e®_pX$u "t`Ngp" L$lu R>¡. dpV$¡ Ap`Zp

ifufdp„ k|e®v$¡h_y„ õ\p_ Ap`Ï„ S>dÏ„ _¡Ó R>¡.)

Ap k|e®tbb_p ipmdp„ dps¯X$ c¥fh (A\p®s¹ cNhp_ rih_p¡ A¡L$ Ahspf) bpf âL$pf_p„ ê$` pfZ L$fu_¡ dlp s¡S>hpmu L$fp¡X$p¡ iqL$sAp¡_u kp\¡ (A\p®s¹ L$fp¡X$p¡ âL$pf_u iqL$sAp¡\u k„`ß \B_¡) fl¡ R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj,

s¡ dps¯X$ c¥fh dlp âL$pris õhê$`hpmp A_¡ kv$p gpg _¡Óp¡hpmp fl¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ L„$L$p¡Z (gpg yó`p¡hpmp) h©np¡_p h__u hÃQ¡ flu_¡ kv$p ep¡Nq¾$ep (ApÐdõhê$`_y„ Ýep_) L$fsp fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_u dlpâL$pi, Qny A_¡ R>pepv$¡hu A¡ _pd_u ÓZ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. Ap âdpZ¡ An(Qny) Apqv$ ÓZ iqL$sAp¡\u pqfhpqfL$ \B_¡ dpsX$ c¥fh, dp grgsp

Açbp_u rhÛp kv$p ùv$e |h®L$ S>àep L$f¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p cL$sp¡_u CqÞÖep¡_¡ k|e®_p âL$pi\u (A\p®s¹ Æh_v$peu âL$pi\u) âL$pris L$f¡ R>¡. A„v$fblpf_p¡ S>¡ A„^L$pf R>¡ (Aop_, Al„L$pf A_¡ d©Ðey A¡ kh£_¡ Al]

A„^L$pf L$üp R>¡) s¡_u S„>Åm_¡ v|$f L$fu v$¡ R>¡. Ap bpgp Açbp_p s`õ\p_dp„ dps¯X$ c¥fh âL$pris \B füp R>¡.

94

k|e®tbb dlpipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f, Qpf ep¡S>_ KQp¡ Q„Ötbb dlpipm Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. |h£_p ipm S>¡hp„

S> s¡_p L$`pV$, ApNmp, v$fhpÅ, Np¡ yf hN¡f¡ Aph¡gp„ R>¡. s¡ b¡ ipm_u hÃQ¡_u c|rd_¡ "Q„qÖL$p Üpf' L$l¡ R>¡. s¡

Q„qÖL$p Üpfdp„ v$pê$Z s` L$fhp\u AqÓF$rj_¡ yÓ_p ê$`dp„ Q„Öv$¡h_u âpqá \B. Q„Öv$¡h ArÓF$rj_p _¡Ódp„\u

DÐ`ß \ep. Ðepfbpv$ Q„Öv$¡h¡ p¡s¡ Z Ap S> õ\m¡ dp grgsp Açbp_¡ âkß L$fhp dpV$¡ OÏ„ S> vy$óL$f s` L$ey¯. s¡_p

s`\u dp grgsp AçbpA¡ âkß \B_¡ s¡_¡ DÄS>hg L$p„rs_y„ hfv$p_ Apàey„. Ðepf\u Ap õ\p_ (Q„qÖL$pÜpf)

Q„Öv$¡h_y„ r_hpkõ\p_ bÞey„. Al] kp¡d_p\ _pd_p r_d®m õhê$`hpmp Q„Öv$¡h, qÓgp¡L$u_p A„^L$pf_p¡ _pi L$fhp

A_¡ k„kpf_¡ iusg âL$pi\u âL$pris L$fhp dpV$¡ fl¡ R>¡.

Q„Öv$¡h s¡d_u `pk¡ fl¡gp L$V$p¡fp\u kv$p r_d®m Q„qÖL$pd©s_y„ `p_ L$f¡ R>¡. kÑphui _nÓ iqL$sAp¡\u

`qfhpqfs R>¡. (Ap qv$ìegp¡L$ lp¡hp\u) Q„Öv$¡h kv$p `p¡sp_p ApL$pfdp„ `|Z® (nefrls) fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_y„ õhê$`

L$g„L$frls R>¡. Q„qÖL$pÜpfdp„ cNhp_ Q„Öv$¡h, dp grgsp Açbp_p S>`, Ýep_, õsp¡Ó, `|Å Üpfp A[ð_u Apqv$

_nÓp¡ krls Ap_„v$`|h®L$ kde kpf L$f¡ R>¡. s¡d_u kp\¡ spfp _pd_u A_¡L$ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. s¡ ApMu L$np A¡_p\u

S> cf¡gu R>¡. (Ap Q„qÖL$pÜpf A¡ ep¡NdpN®_p flõe_u ×[ô$A¡ Å¡BA¡ sp¡ Ap`Ï„ X$pby„ _¡Ó R>¡. S>¡dp„ Q„Ö_pX$u CX$p

dpfas¡ iqL$s_y„ hl_ \pe R>¡, Ap\u Ap`Ï„ X$pby _¡Ó Q„ÖsÒheyL$s NZpe. dpV$¡ Ap`Zp ifufdp„ Q„Öv$¡h_y„ õ\p_

Ap`Ï„ X$pby„ _¡Ó R>¡.)

Q„Öipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f Qpf ep¡S>_ KQp¡ tiNpf _pd_p¡ ipm Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡ tiNpfipm

L$p¥õsycdrZ\u b_¡gp¡ R>¡. Ðep„_u ApMu fsu tiNpfê$` (i©„Npffk_¡ A_yê$` kÅhV$hpmu) R>¡. s¡ tiNpf ipmdp„

iqL$sAp¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p iZNpf\u âL$pris \B flu R>¡. lÅf _p¥L$pAp¡dp„ flu_¡ s¡ iqL$sAp¡ _p¥L$prhlpf L$f¡ R>¡.

_p¥L$pdp„ S> flu_¡ dshpgp L$pdv$¡h_u D`pk_p L$f¡ R>¡. kh® k„kpf_¡ p¡sp_u dp¡rl_uiqL$s hX$¡ L$pdv$¡h dp¡l dpX$¡

R>¡. L$pdv$¡h `p¡sp_p„ `p„Q âL$pf_p `yó`bpZp¡\u k„kpf_p kh® Æhp¡_u `„Q¡qÞÖep¡_¡ dp¡l `dpX$u_¡ `p¡sp_p râe

rhjep¡_p kyMp¡`cp¡N dpV$¡ âh©Ñ L$f¡ R>¡. L$pdv$¡h Ap âdpZ¡ p¡sp_y„ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ dp grgsp Açbp_u Apopdp„

fl¡ R>¡. S>¡ L$p¡B L$pdv$¡h_p âcph\u dp¡l `pd¡ R>¡ s¡ Ap õ\m (tiNpfipm) \u ApNm dlp`ÚpV$hu (dlp

`v¹dhpqV$L$p - L$¡ S>¡dp„ dp grgsp Açbp_p¡ tQspdrZ dl¡g Aph¡gp¡ R>¡ s¡ õ\p_) dp„ S>B iL$sp„ _\u. dp grgsp

Açbp_u cqL$s\u S>¡_y„ rQÑ r_d®m, r_óL$pd A_¡ rhL$pf hNf_y„ \B Ney„ R>¡ s¡hp„ AÐe„s kph^p_ d_hpmp cL$sp¡

S> tiNpfipm_¡ Ap¡m„Nu_¡ dp cNhsu_p õ\p_dp„ âh¡i L$fu iL$¡ R>¡.

kyf, rkÝ^, _f, Akyf Ðep„ S>B iL$sp„ _\u (L$pfZ L$¡ v$¡hspAp¡_¡ õhN®_p kyM_p¡, rkÝ^p¡_¡ rk[ÝÂp¡_p¡,

_f A¡V$g¡ d_yóep¡_¡ gp¥qL$L$ kyM_p¡ A_¡ Akyfp¡_¡ Apkyfu k„`qÑ_p¡ dp¡l lp¡e R>¡ s¡\u s¡Ap¡ dp grgsp Açbp A\p®s¹

`fdsÒh_p rhiyÙ âv$¡idp„ S>B iL$sp„ _\u.) b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i Ap qÓv$¡hp¡ S> õhcph\u iyÙ rQÑhpmp,

dpep\u f, kÐh-fS>k-sdk A¡ ÓZ¡ NyZp¡\u f A_¡ Ü„Üp¡\u D`f_u c|rdL$pdp„ lp¢Q¡gp lp¡hp\u, dpÓ s¡Ap¡

S> îu cNhsu_u Apop\u dlp`ÚhpqV$L$p õ\mdp„ S>B iL$¡ R>¡.

S>¡ k„kpfu R>¡ A_¡ fpNÜ¡j (Ndp-AZNdp)\u A„^ b_¡gp„ R>¡, bly k„L$ë` L$fhphpmp R>¡, S>¡_u `pk¡

`yóL$m _ h¥ch R>¡, S>¡d_p„ rhQpf d¡gp„ R>¡, S>¡_pdp„ M|b S> fpN(ApkqL$s) R>¡, AÐe„s dp¡l pd¡gp„Ap¡ R>¡ s¡

b^p„ dlptiNpfipm (A\p®s¹ L$pdv$¡h_p gp¡L$)_¡ pf L$fhpdp„ lp¢riepf _\u.

95

L$pdv$¡h AS>¡e kp¥Þv$e®hpmp¡ R>¡. qÓgp¡L$u_p S>_p¡_¡ dp¡rls L$fhphpmp¡ R>¡. dlptiNpfipm_p¡ Ar^L$pfu

L$pdv$¡h Ðep„ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. S>¡ dp¡V$p dp¡V$p_¡ Z dp¡rls L$fu v$¡ s¡hp s¡ L$pdv$¡h_„y Ars¾$dZ L$fhy„ dyíL$¡g R>¡. Ap\u s¡

dlp`ÚpV$hu õ\mdp„ S>hp dpV$¡ L$p¡B kd\® _\u.

(Ap dlptiNpfipm_y„ ApÝepqÐdL$ flõe A¡ R>¡ L$¡ Ap |h£ S>dZp k|e® _¡Ó A_¡ X$pbp Q„Ö _¡Ó_p„ õ\p__y„

hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„. lh¡ Ap b„_¡ _¡Óp¡ Üpfp Ly„$X$rg_u iqL$s brlNp®rd_u A\p®s¹ blpf_p ×íe S>Ns_p kp¥Þv$e®

âÐe¡ ApL$rj®s \pe R>¡ Ðepf¡ d_yóe_u ApÝepqÐdL$ âNrsdp„ Ahfp¡^ kÅ®e R>¡. L$pfZ L$¡ „Q op_¡qÞÖep¡ Üpfp, ê$`,

fk, N„^, iåv$ A_¡ õì®_p ApL$j®Zp¡\u dp¡rls \B_¡ d_yóe_u h©qÑ l„d¡ip bpü`v$p\p£dp„ S> M¢Qpe¡gu fl¡ R>¡

s¡dp„ Z dy¿eÐh¡ kp¥Þv$e®_y„ ApL$j®Z rhi¡j lp¡e R>¡ Ap\u S> L$pdv$¡h_y„ õ\p_ d_yóe_p„ _¡Óp¡dp„ NZpe R>¡, Ap S>

dlptiNpfipm R>¡. BqÞÖep¡_p rhjep¡dp„ ApkL$s L$p¡B`Z Æh Al]\u ApNm_u ApÝepqÐdL$ âNrs L$fu iL$sp¡

_\u. s¡_u Ly„$X$rg_u iqL$s_p¡ BqÞÖep¡ Üpfp blpf _uL$mu_¡ ìee \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ A¡L$ qv$hk bû S> iqL$s kdpá

\B S>B_¡ s¡ ifuf_p¡ A„s \B Åe R>¡. Apd lp¡hp\u ep¡N_p kp^L$¡ CqÞÖep¡_¡ s¡_p rhjep¡dp„\u pR>u M¢Qu_¡, Mpk

L$fu_¡ Ap„Mp¡ b„^ fpMu_¡ `p¡sp_u Ly„$X$rg_u iqL$s_p¡ A`ìee \sp¡ fp¡L$u_¡ s¡_¡ A„v$f fl¡gp qv$ìe ApÐdõhê$` sfa

hpmhu Å¡BA¡. Ap Ly„$X$rg_u iqL$s A_¡ ApÐdõhê$` rih_p¡ k„ep¡N A¡ S> ep¡N_u |Z®sp R>¡. Ap ApÐdõhê$`_y„

õ\p_ A¡ S> kl÷pf Q¾$ _pd_y„ kp¥\u D`f_y„ kpsdy„ EÅ® Q¾$ R>¡ s¡_¡ kl÷ `p„MX$uhpmy„ L$dm `Z L$l¡ R>¡ Ap

õ\p__¡ S> rih-iqL$s_p r_hpkõ\p_ ê$` dlp`ÚhpqV$L$p_y„ õ\p_ L$üy„ R>¡ S>¡_y„ hZ®_ lh¡ ApNm Aph¡ R>¡.)

s¡ tiNpfipm\u kps ep¡S>_ v|$f tQspdrZ_p¡ dl¡g R>¡. tiNpfipm A_¡ tQspdrZ dl¡g_u hÃQ¡_u c|rd

rhrh^f„Nu fÐ_p¡\u rhc|rjs R>¡. s¡ c|rddp„ dlp`ÚhpqV$L$p Aph¡gu R>¡. kh® kp¥cpÁe_¡ v$¡hphpmu Ap v¹dhpqV$L$p

R>¡. tiNpfipm kyû s¡_y„ Np¡`yf R>¡. Qpf¡ qv$ipdp„ Np¡`yf Aph¡gp„ R>¡. Ap fus¡ AÐepf kyûdp„ hZ®_ L$f¡gp„ îu_Nf Ly$g

`ÃQuk qL$ëgp \ep„ A_¡ s¡_p„ kh® qv$ipAp¡dp„ (v$f¡L$ qL$ëgp_p„ Qpf A¡d) Ly$g A¡L$kp¡ Np¡`yf \ep.

leN°uh F$rj ANõÐeÆ_¡ L$l¡ R>¡ : l¡ dyr_, lh¡ kph^p_ \B_¡ kp„cmp¡. lh¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p

tQspdrZ dl¡g_u Apk`pk Aph¡gu dlp`ÚpV$hu_y„ hZ®_ L$fy„ Ry„>. dlp`ÚpV$hu_¡ dlpL$dg hpqV$L$p Z L$l¡ R>¡.

s¡_p¡ rhõspf tQspdrZ dl¡g_u afs¡ R> ep¡S>__p¡ R>¡. Ap R> ep¡S>__p A„sfdp„ c|rd f fÐ_p¡ \fpe¡gp„ R>¡. Qpf¡

sfa afsp„ c|rddp„ DNsp„ L$dm_p dp¡V$p„ dp¡V$p„ \X$ R>¡. s¡_p„ \X$ b¡ lp\_u b\dp„ Aph¡ A¡hX$p„ A¡hX$p„ R>¡. s¡_p„ p_

`Z M|b dp¡V$p ÅX$p„ R>¡. s¡ L$dm_u A„v$f_p L$¡kf_p„ s„syAp¡ `Z dp¡V$p dp¡V$p R>¡. s¡ L$dm AÐe„s L$p¡dm A_¡ kv$p

Mug¡gp„ fl¡ R>¡. s¡_u dp¡V$u dp¡V$u Nygpbu p„MX$uAp¡ ky„v$f kyN„r^\u cf¡gu R>¡. s¡ õ\p_dp„ OZp„ OZp„ Mug¡gp„ L$dm

R>¡ A_¡ L$p¡B L$p¡B dp¡V$u dp¡V$u L$muAp¡ `Z gpN¡gu R>¡. Aphp„ Ðep„ L$fp¡X$p¡ L$dm R>¡. s¡ dlpL$dghpqV$L$p_y„ hpsphfZ

L$dmp¡_u d^d^su kyN„^\u dl¡L$u füy„ R>¡.

(lh¡ dlpv$¡hu_p lh_Ly„$X$dp„ S>¡ Aq‚v$¡h rhfpS>¡ R>¡ s¡ A_¡ s¡d_u L$gpAp¡ (iqL$sAp¡) s\p k|e®qL$fZp¡_y„

b_¡gy„ âL$pidp_ pÓ s\p k|e®_u L$gpAp¡ (iqL$sAp¡) A_¡ s¡ k|e®ê$` kyhZ®f„Nu pÓdp„ S>¡ Q„Ödp_u L$gpê$` Ad©s

cfu_¡ s¡_y„ lh_dp„ AÝe® Ap`hp_y„ R>¡ s¡ Q„Öpd©s A_¡ Q„Ö_u L$gpAp¡ (iqL$sAp¡)_y„ hZ®_ ApNm Ap`¡gy„ R>¡, s¡

D`fp„s b°ûp, rhóÏ, {$Ö, Cðf A_¡ cNhp_ kv$prih Ap „Q `fd¡ðfp¡_u L$gpAp¡ (iqL$sAp¡)_y„ `Z hZ®_

96

L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. Ap bû L$gpAp¡ (iqL$sAp¡) dlp`ÚpV$hu õ\p_dp„ fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ tQspdrZ dl¡gdp„ dp

cNhsu_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.)

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, dlp`ÚpV$hu_u L$np_p `|h®cpNdp„ A¡L$ L$p¡i KQp¡ Np¡mpL$pf hpmp¡ Aq‚ R>¡. AX$^p

ep¡S>__p rhõspfhpmp¡ s¡ Aq‚ v$i L$gpAp¡\u eyL$s R>¡. s¡ iqL$sAp¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f âL$pi a¡gphu flu R>¡. îudp_ Aq‚v$¡h

âL$pidp_ õhê$`hpmp A_¡ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ Ag„L$pfp¡\u ip¡cpedp_ \B füp„ R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_¡ h]V$mpB_¡ s¡ L$gpAp¡ fl¡ R>¡.

(Aphy„ Aq‚v$¡h_y„ õhê$` L$ëù_¡ `R>u s¡d_u iqL$sAp¡_p„ _pd rhi¡ ApNm L$l¡ R>¡ :) ^yd°p A_¡ ArQ® _pd_u

Aq‚v$¡h_u dy¿e iqL$sAp¡ R>¡ A_¡ AÞe iqL$sAp¡ - Ährg_u, Ähprg_u, rhõayqëg„rN_u, kynu, kyê$`p, L$r`gp,

lìehplp A_¡ L$ìehplp - Ap âdpZ¡ Ly$g v$i Aq‚_u L$gpAp¡ \B.

Ap Aq‚v$¡h AÝe®_¡ lp¡dhp dpV$¡_p `pÓê$` R>¡. lh¡ AÝe® (Ad©s)_¡ S>¡ `pÓdp„ cfu_¡ Aq‚dp„ lh_

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ pÓ_y„ hZ®_ kp„cmp¡ : k|e®_pfpeZ L$¡ S>¡ qÓgp¡L$u_p A„^L$pf_¡ v|$f L$f_pfp A_¡ âL$piL$ sfuL$¡

ârkÙ R>¡ s¡ k|e®v$¡h_p âL$pi_y„ b_¡gy„ k|e®ê$` pÓ R>¡. s¡ pÓ dlpÄep¡rs ê$` A_¡ âL$pidp_ R>¡. s¡ k|e®_p pÓ_u

Qpf¡ sfa k|e®_u AÐe„s iqL$shpmu bpf L$gpAp¡ AÐe„s âL$pidp_ R>¡. s¡ L$gpAp¡_p„ _pd : sr`_u, spr`_u, yd°p,

dqfQu, Ähprg_u, fyrQ, kyjçZp, cp¡Nv$p, rhðp, bp¡r^_u, pqfZu A_¡ ndp Ap bpf k|e®_u L$gpAp¡ R>¡.

k|e®`pÓdp„ AÝe® Ap`hp dpV$¡_y„ S>¡ Ad©s R>¡ s¡_y„ hZ®_ lh¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ : Ap Ad©sfk `fd

Ap_„v$L$pfL$ A_¡ kh£ Ap¥jrÂp¡ s\p kp¡dhëgu_p fkkrls, d__¡ Ap_„v$ Ap`_pfu kyN„ûhpmy„ A_¡ S>¡dp„

_ugL$dg A_¡ gpg L$dm_u kyN„û Dd¡fhpdp„ Aphu lp¡e s¡hy„ ùv$e_¡ Nd¡ s¡hy„ iusm, lgL$p A_¡ r_d®m sf„Np¡hpmy„

A¡hy„ Q„Ödp_u L$gpê$` AÝe® dpV$¡_p Ad©s_y„ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. s¡ âL$pidp_ Ad©s îu cNhsu_p AQ®__¡

dpV$¡ ep¡Áe R>¡. Ap Ad©s Äep„\u ApZhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ s¡ Ad©shpr`L$pdp„ _p_u _p_u _p¥L$pAp¡dp„ Q„Ödp_u L$gpAp¡

(iqL$sAp¡) ¾$uX$p L$fu fl¡ R>¡. Ap L$gpAp¡ kp¡m R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd : Ad©sp, dp_v$p, |óZp, sy[ô$, y[ô$, frs, ©rs,

iri_u, Q„qÖL$p, L$p„rs, Äep¡Ðk_p, îu, âurs, A„Nv$p, `|Zp®, `|Zp® Ad©sp Ap Q„ÖL$mpAp¡ \B. s¡ _hep¥h_\u

`qf |Z® R>¡ _¡ kv$p lku flu R>¡.

(lh¡ ApNm „Q - `fd¡ðfp¡_u iqL$sAp¡ rhi¡ L$l¡ R>¡ :) `y[ô$, F$[Ý^, qõ\rs, d¡Op, L$p„rs, gÿdu

(ip¡cp), ©rs, Ûyqs, S>fp A_¡ rk[Ý^ Ap v$i îu b°ûpÆ_u L$gpAp¡ R>¡.

rõ\rs, `prg_u, ip„rs, Bðfu, frs, L$prdL$p, hfv$p, Apl¹gpqv$_u, âurs A_¡ v$uOp® Ap v$i cNhp_

rhóÏ_u L$gpAp¡ R>¡.

suÿZp, fp¥Öu, cep, t_Öp, sÞÖp, îyrs, ¾$p¡r^_u, Óep, DÐL$pfu A_¡ d©Ðey Ap v$i fyÖv$¡hu_u L$gpAp¡ R>¡.

ùsp, ð¡sp, Aê$Zp A_¡ rksp A¡ Qpf Bðf_u L$gpAp¡ R>¡.

lh¡ cNhp_ kv$prih_u L$gpAp¡_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp„ F$rj bp¡ëep : r_h©rÑ, ârs›$p, rhÛp, ip„rs, Iqv$fp,

v$ur`L$p, f¡QuL$p, dp¡rQL$p, fp, k|ÿdp, A_„sp, Ad©sp, op_ Ad©sp, ìepr^_u, ìepr`_u A_¡ ìep¡dê$r`L$p Ap kp¡m

kv$prih cNhp_ i„L$f_u L$gpAp¡ R>¡.

Ap bû iqL$sAp¡ _p¥L$pdp„ b¡W$u R>¡ A_¡ Apd s¡d Q„Qmsp\u afu flu R>¡. lÅfp¡ rhÛpAp¡ Ðep„ iqL$sê$`\u

97

fdu flu R>¡. Ad©shpr`L$pdp„\u dlpv$¡hu_p lh_ dpV$¡ AÝe® sfuL$¡ Ad©s_¡ iyÙ L$fu_¡ N°lZ L$fhp_u rhr^

b°ûpÆA¡ L$üp dyS>b L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap Ad©s_y„ p_ L$fu_¡ iqL$sAp¡ kv$p âkß fl¡ R>¡. Ap bû iqL$sAp¡

Ad©shpr`L$pdp„ _p¥L$prhlpf L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_p„ r_hpkõ\p_ dlp`ÚpV$hu A_¡ cNhsu_p dlpf\ Q¾$fpS> R>¡.

kyN„ûhpmp A_¡ r_Ðe _rh_ s¡ Ad©s_¡ fÐ_p¡_p lÅfp¡ Ly„$c\u, kyhZ®_p L$fp¡X$p¡ OX$pAp¡\u s¡ iqL$sAp¡ dlpv$¡hu_¡

A`®Z L$fhp dpV$¡ hpf„hpf cfu flu R>¡. tQspdrZ dl¡gdp„ k¡hp Ap`_pfu s¡ iqL$sAp¡, ArZdp Apqv$ rkqÙAp¡_u

v$¡huAp¡_u `|Å L$f¡ R>¡. dlp`ÚpV$hu_p `|h® cpNdp„ Aq‚v$¡h_p õ\p_ê$` lh_Ly„$X$, k|e®`pÓ A_¡ AÝe®ê$` Ad©s

rhi¡ Ap`Z¡ ÅÎey„, lh¡ ApNm_y„ L$luA¡ R>uA¡.

âL$fZ - 26

tQspdrZ N©lfpS> L$\_

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : tQspdrZ ipg_p Aq‚L$p¡Z_u qv$ipdp„ A¡L$ ep¡S>_ rhõspfhpmp¡ A_¡ A¡L$ ep¡S>_ KQp¡ Aq‚_p¡ Ly„$X$ (lh_ L„y$X$) Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. Ðep„ rQv$¹ Aq‚ âÄS>hrgs \B füp¡ R>¡. (ApÝepqÐdL$ A\®dp„ rQv$¹ Aq‚ A¡V$g¡ op_ê$` Aq‚, Q¡s_pê$` Aq‚ A\hp rQÑ_p âL$piê$ù Aq‚.)

Ap Aq‚ Ad©s_u ^pfpAp¡ hX$¡ s©á \pe R>¡ (S>¡d kpdpÞe gp¥qL$L$ eo_p¡ Aq‚ Ou _u ^pfpAp¡ hX$¡ âÄS>hrgs \pe R>¡ s¡d d_yóe_p Q¥sÞeê$ù Aq‚ Ad©s fk_y„ p_ L$fhp\u âÄS>hrgs A¡V$g¡ L$¡ ks¡S> \pe R>¡.) Aphp¡ Ap fd Apòe®S>_L$ rQv$¹ Aq‚ dp grgsp Açbp (`fpiqL$s)_u Apop\u âÄS>hgu füp¡ R>¡.

Ap qv$ìe Aq‚Ly„$X$dp„ L$p¡B I^Z _\u. s¡_u dlpÄhpmpAp¡ _uL$mu flu R>¡ A_¡ Ap Aq‚v$¡h_y„ ifuf Ad©s\u s©á \e¡gy„ R>¡. L„$L$p¡gu_p p„v$X$p S>¡hu s¡_u gpg L$p„rs R>¡ A¡hp¡ rQv$¹ Aq‚ r_Ðe âÄS>hrgs \B füp¡ R>¡.

Aphp Ap qv$ìe Aq‚Ly„$X$dp„ dlpv$¡hu A_¡ L$pd¡ðf cNhp_ (A\p®s¹ Ap`Zp v$¡ldp„ Ly„$X$rg_u irL$s A_¡ `fdrih) lh_ L$fhphpmp R>¡. s¡Ap¡ kdõs S>Ns_u fnp L$f¡ R>¡ (A¡V$g¡ L$¡ kh® ifufp¡_¡ Q¥sÞe hX$¡ ÆhpX$¡ R>¡.)

dp grgsp Açbp_u Apop_y„ L$p¡B Dëg„O_ _\u L$fu iL$sp. õhe„ L$pd¡ðf cNhp_ Z dlpv$¡hu_u Apop A_ykpf S> hs£ R>¡.

rQ„spdqZ dl¡g\u _¥F$ÐeL$p¡Zdp„ dlpL$dghpqV$L$pdp„ Q¾$fpS> dlpf\ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. s¡ f\ AÐe„s ky„v$f v$¡Mphhpmp¡ R>¡. s¡_p _h dpm (`h®) R>¡ A_¡ ApMp¡ f\ rhrh^f„Nu fÐ_p¡\u kyip¡rcs L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Qpf ep¡S>_ lp¡mp¡ A_¡ v$i ep¡S>_ KQp¡ s¡ f\ D`f S>sp„ S>sp„ kp„L$X$p¡ \sp¡ Åe R>¡ A\p®s¹ D`f S>sp„ s¡_p dS>gpAp¡_y„ n¡Óam Ap¡Ry„> \sy„ Åe R>¡. f\_p¡ ApNm_p¡ cpN DÄS>hm R>¡. (ApÝepqÐdL$ fus¡) Qpf h¡v$ (_y„ op_) s¡_p„ ¥X$p R>¡. y{$jp\® s¡_p Aðp¡ R>¡. k©[ô$_p kh® sÒhp¡_p¡ s¡ f\ b_¡gp¡ R>¡. (A\p®s¹ Ap f\ rhfpV$¹ A\®dp„ kdõs S>Nsê$ù f\ R>¡ A_¡ gOyê$`dp„ Ap`Zp ifufê$ù f\ R>¡.)

Ap f\_u D`f Qpdf gpÁep R>¡ s¡_p\u A_¡ dp¡suAp¡_p„ A_¡L$ R>Ó\u s¡ ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. DÑd f\_p kh® î¡›$ gnZp¡\u s¡ eyL$s R>¡. c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe kp\¡_p dlpeyÙdp„ Ap f\_u klpesp\u dlpv$¡hu A_¡ iqL$sk¡_pA¡ dlpkplk L$ey¯ lsy„. kh® f\p¡dp„ rifdp¡f A¡hp¡ Ap îu Q¾$fpS> dlpf\ R>¡.

98

tQspdrZ dl¡g\u hpeyL$p¡Z_u qv$ipdp„ L$dghpqV$L$pdp„ d„qÓZuv$¡hu_p¡ N¡e Q¾$f\ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡ A_¡

Bip_L$p¡Z_u qv$ipdp„ v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu_p¡ àepfp¡ qL$fuQ¾$f\ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. Ap ÓZ¡ f\ îu`yfdp„ kdp_ `„rL$s_p

A\p®s¹ kdp_ dlÒh_p NZpe R>¡. S>¡d Ap`Zp ifuf_p rhrh^ A„Np¡_p v$¡hspAp¡_y„ dlÒh kfMy„ NZpe R>¡ s¡d.

Aq‚L$p¡Zdp„ Aph¡gp Aq‚Ly„$X$ rhi¡ Ap`Z¡ ÅÎey„. s¡dp„ Aq‚ kv$p âÄS>hrgs fl¡ R>¡. Ðepfbpv$

NpeÓud„qv$f A_¡ s¡_p `R>u Ace„L$f d„qv$f, s¡_p `R>u N©lZuk|e® A_¡ `R>u ±L$pf_y„ d„qv$f, Ðepfbpv$ Qp¡\y„

kprhÓu_y„ d„qv$f Aph¡gy„ R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, s¡_p„ `R>u Qnydsu rhÛp_y„ d„qv$f, Ðepfbpv$ Np„^h®fpS> rQÓf\_y„

d„qv$f, Ðepf `R>u dlp{$Ö_y„ d„qv$f, `R>u cNhsu spfp A„rbL$p_y„ d„qv$f A_¡ s¡_p `R>u rhóÏcNhp__y„ d„qv$f

Aph¡gy„ R>¡. (Ap b^p„ d„qv$f A¡V$g¡ s¡ - s¡ v$¡hu v$¡hspAp¡_p îu cNhsu_p dl¡g_u _ÆL$_p r_hpk õ\p_

kdS>hp.)

tQspdrZ dl¡g\u _¥F$Ðe cpNdp„ ÓZ _pd (AÃeys, A_„s, Np¡thv$) A¡ ÓZ¡e _pdê$` S>¡ dlpd„Ó R>¡

s¡_p Ar^›$psp îu rhóÏ Ap ÓZ õhê$ ¡ r_hpk L$fu_¡ cL$sp¡_y„ kh® ìepr^ (fp¡Np¡)\u fnZ L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_p\u DÑf

cpNdp„ dlpNZ`rs cL$sp¡_p„ rhÂ_p¡_y„ r_hpfZ L$fhp dpV$¡ fl¡ R>¡, A_¡ s¡_p\u DÑf cpNdp„ „Qpnfu d„Óê$` (_

d ri hp e)_p Ar^›$psp cNhp_ rih cL$sp¡_y„ L$ëepZ L$fhp dpV$¡ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_p\u DÑfdp„ pfZp kfõhsu

A\p®s¹ op_ ^pfZ L$fhp_u iqL$s_y„ hfv$p_ Ap`_pfp kfõhsu v$¡hu_y„ r_hpk õ\p_ R>¡. Ðep„ "A' (hZ®dpgp_p¡

â\d Anf)\u gB_¡ "n' (hZ®dpgp_p¡ R>¡ëgp¡ Anf) A\p®s¹ ApMu hZ®dpgp_p„ v$f¡L$ Anf (hZ®)_u

Ar^›$pÓu v$¡huAp¡_p„ d„qv$f R>¡ s¡_¡ dpqÓL$pAp¡ (A\hp dps©L$pAp¡) L$l¡ R>¡.

dpqÓL$p\u DÑf qv$ipdp„ L$pmi„L$fîurZ, s¡_p\u DÑfdp„ dlpi„cy_p\p, s¡_p\u DÑfdp„ âL$pris r_d®m

ifufhpmp îu fp A„bp v$¡hu (Q¥sÞe sÒh_p A_¡ op__p Ar^›$pÓu dpspÆ)_y„ d„qv$f R>¡. s¡hu S> fus¡ DÑfp¡Ñf

b^p„ S> v$¡hu v$¡hspAp¡_p„ d„qv$f (r_hpk õ\p_) dp cNhsu îu grgsp Açbp_p tQspdrZ dl¡g_u Apk`pkdp„

Aph¡gp„ R>¡.

îu bpgp Açbp (îu grgsp Açbp_u yÓu), Aß |Zp® (`ph®suÆ), Aðpê$Y$p v$¡hu A_¡ îu dps©L$pAp¡_p„

DÑfp¡Ñf Qpf d„qv$fp¡ R>¡.

tQspdrZ N©lfpS>\u hpeyL$p¡Zdp„ dlpL$dghpqV$L$pdp„ buÅ A_¡L$ v$¡hspAp¡_p„ d„qv$fp¡ R>¡. DÞdÑ c¥fhu,

õhà_hfprlL$p, rsfõL$fZu, fp `pQ_uv$¡hu (Mp¡fpL$ Qph_pfu iqL$s_u Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hu), s¡ dlp_ Dv$ehpmu

v$¡huAp¡_p„ A¡L$ R>u A¡L$ d„qv$f R>¡. îud|rs® dlpv$¡hu_u QfZ`pvy$L$pAp¡_y„ Z Ðep„ A¡L$ d„qv$f R>¡. i„L$f cNhp_¡ R>

Apç_pe kpNf _pd_p N°„\dp„ S>¡ rhÛpAp¡ L$lu R>¡ s¡ kh® v$¡huAp¡_y„ ê$` pfZ L$fu_¡ dlp`ÚpV$hudp„ fl¡ R>¡. Aphu

fus¡ âL$pris qL$fZp¡_p b_¡gp„ qv$ìe ifufp¡hpmp v$¡hu-v$¡hspAp¡_p„ S>¡V$gp„ r_hpk õ\p_ Ðep„ R>¡ s¡ kOmp„ drZS>qX$s

A_¡ kyip¡rcs R>¡. s¡ b^p„ KQp d„qv$fp¡_p„ rhipm v$fhpÅAp¡ R>¡ A_¡ dp¡V$p„ Nr\ep„ R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐeF$rj, tQspdrZ N©l¡ÞÖ_p |h® v$fhpÅdp„ S>dZp cpNdp„ d„qÓZu v$¡hu_y„ dlp_ Of R>¡. X$pbp

cpNdp„ fÐ_p¡\u b_¡gy„ v„$X$_p\p_y„ dlp_ Of Aph¡gy„ R>¡. s¡_p\u `|h®dp„ b°ûp, rhóÏ A_¡ dl¡i_p âL$pris

qL$fZp¡hpmp„ ch_ kh® qv$ipAp¡_¡ âL$pris L$f¡ R>¡. s¡ qÓv$¡hp¡ dp cNhsu grgsp Açbp_u cqL$s\u qf`|Z® \B_¡

99

dpspÆ_p |Åõ\p_dp„ s¡d_u D`pk_p L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ îudpspÆ_p `rhÓ d„Óp¡_p¡ S>` L$f¡ R>¡. AÞe kh£ v$¡hu

v$¡hspAp¡ Ap |Å õ\p_dp„ Aphu_¡ dpspÆ_p îuQfZp¡_y„ |S>_ L$f¡ R>¡.

l¡ dlpdyr_ ANõÐe, lh¡ tQspdrZ dl¡g_y„ hZ®_ L$fy„ Ry„> kph^p_ \B_¡ kp„cmp¡. tQspdrZ dl¡g

îu_Nf_u dÝedp„ qõ\s A_¡ b¡ ep¡S>__u KQpChpmp¡ R>¡. tQspdrZ dl¡g_u v$uhpg A¡L$ L$p¡k_p rhõspfhpmu

A_¡ tQspdrZAp¡_u b_¡gu R>¡. A_¡ s¡_u D`f_u R>s tQspdrZ fÐ_p¡_u dp¡V$u dp¡V$u rigpAp¡_u b_¡gu R>¡. Ap

ch_ M|b S> dS>b|s b_¡gy„ R>¡ A_¡ hÃQ¡_p cpN¡ AÐe„s KQy„ R>¡. Qpf ep¡S>_ KQpB A_¡ huk ep¡S>_ lp¡mpC

R>¡. s¡_u D`f ÓZ dyNV$ (riMf) R>¡. Ap ÓZ¡ dyNV$ CÃR>p, op_ A_¡ q¾$epê$` R>¡. l¡ F$rj, Ap ch_ kv$p

âL$pris A_¡ tQspdrZ (A\p®s¹ BÃR>p |Z® L$f_pf drZ)ê$` R>¡. tQspdrZN©ldp„ kh® tQspdrZ_y„ S> b_¡gy„ R>¡.

s¡_p Qpf v$fhpÅ Af^p L$p¡k_p rhõspf_p R>¡. tQspdrZN©l_p Üpfp¡dp„\u dp grgsp Açbp_u d|rs® (ifuf)dp„\u

âL$V$sy„ gpg s¡S> kh®Ó a¡gpB füy„ R>¡. s¡d_u A„NL$p„rs gpg kdyÖ S>¡hu R>¡. lÅfp¡ k|ep£ S>¡hu âL$pidp_ A_¡

lÅfp¡ Q„Ö S>¡hu iusg R>¡. s¡Ap¡ dl¡gdp„ Qpgsp lp¡e sp¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f âL$pi A_¡ iusmsp_p âhplp¡ a¡gpe R>¡.

`|h® qv$ipdp„ Apd_pe-de |h®Üpf R>¡. v$rnZ qv$ipdp„ v$rnZ Üpf Z Apd_peê$` R>¡. [òd v$fhpÅ¡ R>¡

s¡ [òd Apd_peê$` R>¡. A_¡ DÑf v$fhpÅ¡ DÑf Apd_peê$` R>¡.

N©lfpS>_u A„v$f_u c]sp¡dp„ kyhZ®_p„ v„$X$ S>X$¡gp R>¡. s¡ v„$X$p¡dp„ fÐ_p¡_p v$uhp gpN¡gp R>¡. L$fp¡X$p¡ k|ep£ S>¡hu

s¡_u L$p„rs R>¡. Qpf¡L$p¡f fÐ_p¡_p v$uhp s¡ N©l_¡ âL$pris L$fu füp„ R>¡.

tQspdrZ_p N©l_p dÝecpNdp„ KQp¡ h¡qv$L$pcpN R>¡. A¡ h¡qv$L$p D`f dlp_ tbvy$Q¾$ R>¡. tQspdrZN©l_u

c]s\u gB_¡ tbvy$Q¾$ e¯s_u fsu ÓZ L$p¡k R>¡. A_¡ qb„vy$Q¾$_p¡ rhõspf A¡L$ L$p¡k_p¡ R>¡.

tbvy$Q¾$_u Apk`pk_p ÓZ L$p¡k_p õ\p_dp„ ArZdp Apqv$ iqL$sAp¡ p¡sp_p¡ âL$pi a¡gphu flu R>¡.

lh¡ R>u A„sf_u NZÓu lp\_p °dpZ\u L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. ÚpV$hu\u tQspdrZ dl¡g_p dÝecpNdp„

Aph¡gp tbvy$Q¾$ e¯s Qp¥v$ âL$pf_p A„sf_p rhcpNp¡ X$i¡ s¡ A„sfp¡_¡ lp\_p âdpZ_u NZÓu\u lh¡ ly„ L$lui.

`ÚpV$hu õ\p_\u tQspdrZ N©l L$¡V$gy„ v|$f R>¡ s¡ lh¡ bsphhpdp„ Aphi¡. ÚpV$hu\u huk lp\_p A„sf¡ Ðep„

ArZdp Apqv$ rkqÙv$¡huAp¡_p¡ r_hpk R>¡. ArZdp Apqv$ iqL$sAp¡_p¡ rhõspf Qpf _m S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡ A¡L$ _m_p¡

rhõspf kp¡ lp\_p¡ R>¡. dpV$¡ Qpf _m A¡V$g¡ Qpfkp¡ lp\_p¡ rhõspf ArZdp Apqv$ iqL$sAp¡_p¡ R>¡. s¡dp„ |h®cpNdp„

ArZdp Apqv$_p„ d„qv$fp¡ R>¡. ArZdp, drldp, gr^dp, Nqfdp, Brisp, hrisp, âpL$pçe, cyqL$s, CÃR>pâpqá,

kh®L$pd Ap DÑd rkqÙAp¡ R>¡. fkrkqÙ, dp¡nrkqÙ, bmrkqÙ, MX$¹NrkqÙ, `pvy$L$p rkqÙ, A„S>_rkqÙ,

hp¼¹rkqÙ, gp¡L$rkqÙ, v$¡lrkqÙ - Ap ApW$ buÅ âL$pf_u rkqÙAp¡ \B. Aphu buÆ OZu rkqÙAp¡ R>¡ S>¡_¡

ep¡Nu gp¡L$p¡ dp_¡ R>¡.

rkqÙAp¡_p s¡ AphfZ (rhõspf)dp„ Qpf¡ sfa s¡ iqL$sAp¡ fd¡ðfu_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. l¡ dyr_, A¡ ArZdp

Apqv$ AphfZdp„ L$fp¡X$p¡ rkqÙAp¡ R>¡. _hu_ kp¦v$e®\u s¡ k„`|Z® R>¡ _¡ lku flu R>¡. s¡d_p lp\dp„ tQspdrZ âL$piu

füp„ R>¡. s¡ iqL$sAp¡ kv$p kp¡m hj®_u S> fl¡ R>¡. Ars Dv$pf õhcph R>¡ A_¡ d y_p dv$\u rhø¹hm \B_¡ s¡ fdu flu

R>¡.

100

AqZdp Apqv$ rkqÙv$¡huAp¡_p rhõspf\u ApNm huk lp\ KQy A_¡ kp¡m lp\ `lp¡my„, Qpf¡L$p¡f

`Nr\ep\u d_p¡lf cpksy„ A¡hy„ b°pûu Apqv$ iqL$sAp¡_y„ kyd_p¡lf õ\p_ R>¡. Ðep„ S>¡ v$¡huAp¡ fl¡ R>¡ s¡d_p rhi¡ lh¡

kp„cmp¡.

b°pûu, dpl¡ðfu, L$p¥dpfu, h¥óZhu, hpfplu, dpl¡ÞÖu, kpsdp Qpdy„X$p A_¡ ApW$dp dlpgÿdu - Ap ApW$

v$¡huAp¡_p„ Ðep„ d„qv$f R>¡. s¡ kh£ v$¡huAp¡_u pk¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p Apey^p¡ R>¡, Sy>v$p Sy>v$p âL$pf_u iqL$sAp¡ R>¡, |h®\u gB_¡

v$f¡L$ qv$ipdp„ ApW$ d„qv$fp¡ R>¡.

b°pûu Apqv$ v$¡huAp¡_p AphfZ\u ApNm l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, huk lp\ KQy„ A_¡ kp¡mkp¡ lp\ `lp¡my„

AphfZ R>¡ s¡ dyÖpAp¡_y„ AphfZ R>¡. Ðep„ dyÖpv$¡huAp¡_p„ d„qv$fp¡ R>¡. Ap dyÖp v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ :

k„np¡rcrZ, rhÖprhrZ, ApL$rj®rZ, kh®hi„L$fu, DÞdpqv$_u, dlp„Ly$ip, M¡Qfu, buS>dyÖp, ep¡r_dyÖp A_¡ v$idu

qÓM„X$p. `|h®\u gB_¡ afsu qv$ipAp¡dp„ dyÖpv$¡huAp¡_p„ d„qv$fp¡ R>¡. Ap bû dyÖpv$¡huAp¡ AÐe„s ky„v$f ApL$pfhpmu,

_hep¥h_\u rhø¹hm A_¡ `p¡sp_u ky„v$f L$p„rs_p âL$pi\u d„qv$fp¡_¡ v$u`phu (AS>hpmu) flu R>¡. l¡ dyr_, s¡

dyÖpv$¡huAp¡ grgsp fd¡ðfu_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

ArZdp Apqv$ rkqÙ v$¡huAp¡, b°pûu Apqv$ Aô$dps©L$pAp¡ A_¡ v$i dyÖpv$¡huAp¡-A¡ ÓZ¡ âL$pf_u v$¡huAp¡_y„ S>¡

AphfZ (rhõspf) R>¡ s¡_¡ qÓgp¡L$dp¡l_ Q¾$ L$l¡ R>¡. (Ap rhõspf afsp¡ Qpf¡ bpSy> R>¡ dpV$¡ s¡_¡ Q¾$ L$l¡ R>¡. lh¡ R>u_u

v$¡huAp¡_p rhõspf Z A¡L$ R>u A¡L$ A„v$f A„v$f sfa S>sp„ Q¾$p¡ê$ ¡ hZ®_ L$fpi¡. Ap kOmp¡ _L$ip¡ "îu e„Ó'_y„ rQÓ

Å¡hp\u ¿epgdp„ Aphi¡.) Ap âdpZ¡ "qÓgp¡L$dp¡l_Q¾$' _pd_p AphfZ_y„ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„. Ap qÓgp¡L$ dp¡l_

Q¾$_u Ar ›$pÓu v$¡hu rÓ yfpQ¾$_preL$p R>¡. Ap Q¾$_y„ pg_ L$fhphpmu k„np¡rcZu v$¡hu R>¡.

Ap dyÖpv$¡huAp¡_p rhõspf\u ApNm_p rhõspfdp„ "r_ÐeL$gp' iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. huk lp\ KQy A_¡ kp¡mkp¡

lp\ lp¡my„ AphfZ R>¡. s¡ AphfZdp„ Qpf¡L$p¡f Nr\ep„ R>¡. r_ÐeL$gp AphfZdp„ kly\u l¡gu L$pdpL$rj®Zu dy¿e

R>¡. Ap bû v$¡huAp¡ Q„Ödp_u L$mpAp¡ R>¡. Qpf¡L$p¡f s¡d_p„ õ\p_ R>¡. Ad©s_p qL$fZp¡\u s¡ Qpf¡L$p¡f s©qá L$f¡ R>¡. l¡

ANõÐe F$rj, s¡d_p„ _pd dpfp\u lh¡ sd¡ kp„cmp¡ : L$pdpL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, byÝepL$rj®Zu L$gp, Al„L$pfpL$rj®Zu

r_Ðep, iåv$pL$rj®Zu L$gp, õìp®L$rj®Zu r_Ðep, ê$`pL$rj®Zu L$gp, fkpL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, NÞ^pL$rj®Zu L$gp,

rQÑpL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, ¥ep®L$rj®Zu L$gp, õd©ÐepL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, _pdpL$rj®Zu L$gp, buÅL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, ApÐdpL$rj®Zu

L$gp, Ad©spL$rj®Zu r_Ðep, ifufpL$rj®Zu L$gp. Ap bû v$¡huAp¡ (iqL$sAp¡)_p„ _pd "Nyáep¡rN_u'Ap¡ R>¡. qÓ`yf¡iu

Ap Q¾$_u Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hu_y„ _pd R>¡. Qq¾$Zu dyÖp R>¡ A_¡ kh® Apip`yfuL$p s¡ Q¾$_y„ _pd R>¡. (L$pfZ L$¡ Ap v$¡huAp¡

kh® cL$sp¡_u ApipAp¡ |Z® L$f_pfu R>¡.)

r_ÐeL$gp AphfZ\u ApNm AÐe„s ky„v$f huk lp\ KQy„ kp¡mkp¡ lp\ `lp¡my„, `l¡gp„_p S>¡hy„

`Nr\ephpmy„ "kh® k„np¡cZ' _pd_y„ Q¾$ R>¡. s¡ Q¾$dp„ suh° dv$\u S>¡d_p„ _¡Óp¡ gpg \e¡gp„ R>¡ s¡hu ApW$ iqL$sAp¡

R>¡. _hep¥h_\u k„`ß \B_¡ `fd¡ðfu_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. A_„N Ly$kydp, A_„N d¡Mgp, A_„N dv$_p, A_„N

dv$_psyfp, A_„N f¡Mp, A_„N h¡rN_u, A_„N A„Ly$ip, A_„N dprg_u Ap ApW$ iqL$sAp¡ \B. s¡ ApW$ iqL$sAp¡_p¡

klpreL$p iqL$sAp¡ kp\¡_p¡ L$fp¡X$p¡_p¡ qfhpf R>¡ Ap v$f¡L$ iqL$s A_„N (L$pdv$¡h)_u iqL$sAp¡ lp¡hp\u s¡d_p„ _pdp¡_u

101

ApNm "A_„N' _pd gNpX$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap Q¾$ kly_¡ k„np¡c DÐ`ß L$f_pfu iqL$sAp¡_y„ AphfZ lp¡hp\u s¡_y„

_pd "kh® k„np¡cZ Q¾$' R>¡. s¡_u Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hu_y„ _pd ky„v$fv$¡hu R>¡. Ap Q¾$_y„ pg_ L$f_pfu dyÖp_y„ _pd "L$rj®rZ

dyÖp' R>¡. A_¡ Ap Q¾$_u v$¡huAp¡_¡ "Nyásfp' v$¡huAp¡ L$l¡ R>¡.

A_„N iqL$sAp¡_p R>u_y„ huk lp\ KQy„ A_¡ kp¡mkp¡ lp\ lp¡my„ kh® kp¥cpÁev$peL$ _pd_y„ Q¾$ R>¡. Ðep„

DÑd irL$sAp¡ r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. s¡d_u k„¿ep Qp¥v$ R>¡. s¡dp„ kh® k„np¡rcZu iqL$s dy¿e R>¡. Ap iqL$sAp¡_p„ _pd

dpfp\u kp„cmp¡ : kh® k„np¡rcZu, kh® rhÖprhZu, khp®L$rj®rZL$p, khp®ø¹gpqv$_u, kh® k„dp¡rl_u, kh® õs„rcZu,

kh® S©„>rcZu, kh® hi„L$fu, kh® f„S>_u, kh® DÞdpqv$_u, kh® A\® kpr^L$p, kh® k„`qÑ yqfZu, kh® d„Ódeu, kh®

Ü„Üne„L$fu - Ap iqL$sAp¡ k„âv$pe ep¡rN_uAp¡ R>¡. |Zp®ip v$¡hu Ap Q¾$_u Ar^›$pÓu R>¡. A_¡ kh® h„iL$fu dyÖp Ap

Q¾$_u frnL$p R>¡. Ap Qp¥v$ v$¡huAp¡_u A_¡L$ iqL$sAp¡ k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, k„np¡rcZu Q¾$\u ApNm huk lp\ KQy„ A_¡ kp¡mkp¡ lp\ lp¡my„ kh®rkqÙâv$p Apqv$

v$¡huAp¡_y„ AphfZ R>¡. Ap v$¡huAp¡_u k„¿ep v$i R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd : kh® rkqÙâv$p, kh® k„`Ðâv$p, kh® râe„L$fu, kh®

d„NgL$pqfZu, kh® L$pdâv$p, kh® vy$:M rhdp¡rQ_u, kh® d©Ðey âid_u, kh® rhÂ_r_hpqfZu, khp¯N ky„v$fu, A_¡

kh® kp¥cpÁev$pre_u. Ap v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd Ly$g DqÑZp® v$¡huAp¡ R>¡. Ap AphfZ_u dy¿e v$¡hu_y„ _pd Qq¾$Zuîu R>¡.

Ap Q¾$_y„ _pd khp®\®kp^L$ R>¡. Ap Q¾$_y„ pg_ L$fhphpmu khp§Þdpv$_ dyÖp R>¡.

kh®rkqÙ Apqv$\u D`f l¡ ANõÐeF$rj, huk lp\ KQy _¡ kp¡mkp¡ lp\ `lp¡my„ kh®op Apqv$ v$¡huAp¡_y„

AphfZ R>¡. kh® fnp L$fhphpmy„ R>¡. s¡ dlp_ qv$ìeQ¾$ R>¡. Ap Q¾$dp„ fl¡gu v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd kh®op, kh®iqL$s, kh®

A¥ðe® âv$pe_u, kh® op_deu v$¡hu, kh® ìepr^ rh_pri_u, khp®^pf õhê$ p, kh® `p`lfu, khp®_„v$deu, kh®fnp

õhê$r`Zu, kh£qàks âv$p. Ap iqL$sAp¡ r_Nc® ep¡rN_uAp¡ R>¡.

dprg_u A_¡ Qq¾$Zu Ap Q¾$_u dy¿e frnL$p v$¡huAp¡ R>¡. Ap Q¾$_y„ pg_ L$fhphpmu kh® dlp„Ly$ip dyÖp R>¡.

Aphu fus¡ tQspdZu N©ldp„ kh®op Apqv$ v$¡huAp¡_p AphfZ kyû_p„ Q¾$ L$üp„. s¡_p R>u_p„ buÅ AphfZp¡ rhi¡

lh¡ l¡ dyr_ sd¡ kp„cmp¡.

âL$fZ - 27

N©lfpÅ_y„ L$\_ (tQspdrZ N©lfpS>_y„ L$\_)

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : kh®op Apqv$ iqL$sAp¡_p AphfZ\u D`f huk lp\ KQy A_¡ kp¡mkp¡ lp\ lp¡my„

hri_u Apqv$ AphfZ R>¡. l¡gp„_p S>¡hp„ S> Nr\ep„ A_¡ d„qv$fhpmy„ kh®fp¡Nlf _pd_y„ Ap Q¾$ R>¡, s¡dp„ hri_u

Apqv$ hpÁv$¡huAp¡ (hpZu_u iqL$sAp¡) r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡. |h® qv$ip\u gB_¡ A_y¾$d\u õhfp¡_u kp\¡ s¡dp„ l¡gu v$¡hu

hri_uðfu R>¡. (õhf : A, Ap, B, C, D, E, A¡, A¥, Ap¡, Ap¥, A„, A:)

Ðepfbpv$ "L$' hN® (L$, M, N, O, ) krls L$pd¡ðfu _pdhpZude buÆ v$¡hu R>¡. s¡_p R>u "Q' hN® (Q, P

R>, S>, T, ) krls hpZu_u Cðfu dp¡rl_u _pd_u ÓuÆ v$¡hu R>¡. dp¡rl_u v$¡hu R>u Qp¡\u Aê$Zpv$¡hu "V$' hN® U

102

(V$, W$, X$, Y$, Z)_u Cðfu R>¡. s¡_p `R>u "s' hN® (s, \, v$, ^, _)_u ip¡cphpmu rhdmp _pd_u kfõhsu

`p„Qdu hpN â^pfZp R>¡. Ðepf R>u "`' hN® (`, a, b, c, d) krls R>Ì$u v$¡hu S>re_uv$¡hu R>¡. s¡_p R>u_p

Anf e, f, g, h, A¡ Qpf L$p¡Zdp„ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_u v$¡hu_y„ _pd kh£ðfu hp„Ndeu v$¡hu R>¡ s¡ kpsdu v$¡hu R>¡. bpL$u_p R>

Anf (k, i, j, l, m, n) krls ApW$du v$¡hu_y„ _pd L$p¥rg_u v$¡hu R>¡.

Ap ApW$ v$¡huAp¡ Al] S>` L$f¡ R>¡. dp¡suAp¡_p„ Apc|jZp¡\u Ap v$¡huAp¡ ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. kh®, NÛ, Û,

L$rhsp\u ky„v$f L$pìep¡ A_¡ _pV$L$_u fQ_p Üpfp s\p k„Nus A_¡ Np__u L$Z®râesp\u îuv$¡hu_¡ Ap_„v$ dpX$¡ R>¡. l¡

ANõÐeF$rj, Ap ep¡rN_uAp¡ "flõe' ep¡rN_uAp¡_p _pd\u ârkÙ R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj Ap Q¾$_u Q¾$¡ðfu rkÙp

_pd_u v$¡hu R>¡. Ap Q¾$_y„ pg_ L$fhphpmu M¡Qfu dyÖp R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, hri_u Apqv$ AphfZ\u D`f huk lp\ KQy„ A_¡ kp¡mkp¡ lp\ lp¡my„ A÷Q¾$ Aph¡gy„

R>¡. s¡ Q¾$dp„ bpZ, _yj, pi A_¡ A„Ly$i A¡ cNhsu_p„ i÷p¡ fpMhpdp„ Apìep„ R>¡. p„Q v$¡hu_p„ bpZ A_¡ p„Q

L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h_p„ bpZ, A_¡ s¡ Apqv$ ÷u- yê$j b„_¡_p„ b¡ A„Ly$i âL$pidp_ R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, _hu_ i¡fX$u_p kp„W$p_p„ b¡ _yj A_¡ b¡ âL$pidp_ pi A¡d Qpf A÷ \ep.

Ap âdpZ¡ Qpf Apey^p¡ L$pd¡ðfu_p„ _¡ Qpf Apey^p¡ L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h_p„ \ep„. Ap âdpZ¡ Ap A÷Q¾$dp„ Ly$g

ApW$ Apey^p¡ R>¡, S>¡ Aq‚_u S>¡d âÄS>hrgs \B füp„ R>¡. Ap i÷p¡ rkhpe i÷_p¡ buÅ¡ Z qfhpf R>¡. Ðep„

L$fp¡X$p¡ i÷p¡ X$ep„ R>¡. hÇ>iqL$s, isÂ_u, cyiy„qX$, dyig, L©$`pZ, qË$i, dyØNf, rcÞv$u`pg - Ap âL$pf_p„ lÅfp¡

lÅfp¡ i÷p¡ R>¡. L$pd¡ðfu A_¡ L$pd¡ðf_p ApW$ dy¿e S>¡ i÷p¡ R>¡ s¡_u buÅ i÷p¡ dv$\u rhø¹hm \B_¡ k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

(A\p®s¹ eyÙ âk„N¡ dy¿e i÷p¡_¡ Ap b^p„ buÅ„ A÷i÷ klpeL$ b_¡ R>¡.)

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, i÷ AphfZ\u D`f huk lp\ KQy„ A_¡ kp¡mkp¡ lp\ `lp¡my„, kde_u CðfuAp¡_y„

õ\p_ R>¡. s¡ ÓZ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡. L$pd¡iu Apqv$ ÓZ v$¡huAp¡ A_¡ Qp¡\u v$¡hu s¡ k„ |Z® S>Ns DÐ`ß L$fhphpmu

grgs¡ðfuv$¡hu õhe„ R>¡. Ap Qpf kde_u CðfuAp¡ R>¡.

ÓZ v$¡huAp¡_p„ _pd lh¡ kp„cmp¡ : l¡gu L$pd¡iu, buÆ h°S>¡iu A_¡ ÓuÆ cNdpgp. Ap ÓZ¡ v$¡huAp¡_u

lÅfp¡ v$¡huAp¡ k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. kh® AphfZp¡_u S>¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_u v$¡huAp¡ (iqL$sAp¡) R>¡ A¡ kh® v$¡huAp¡ L$pd¡iu

Apqv$_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

`|h£ hrZ®s kp¡m r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ S>¡ R>¡ s¡ "`|Zp®qÐdL$p' v$¡huAp¡ R>¡. s¡ kp¡m r_ÐepAp¡dp„ kp¡mdp r_Ðepv$¡hu,

L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h_p Mp¡mpdp„ rhfpS>dp_ S>¡ grgsp Açbp R>¡ s¡ R>¡. A_¡ kde_u CðfuAp¡ L$pd¡iu Apqv$ ÓZ

v$¡huAp¡ rkhpe S>¡ Qp¡\p v$¡hu R>¡ s¡ îu grgsp Açbp õhe„ R>¡. (Ap âdpZ¡, îu grgsp Açbp `p¡s¡ kp¡mdp

r_Ðepv$¡hu A_¡ Qp¡\p kde_p Cðfu v$¡hu R>¡.)

`|Zp®qÐdL$p v$¡hu_p Q¾$dp„ _hdp v$¡hu grgsp Açbp R>¡. L$pd¡iu Apqv$ ÓZ kde_u CðfuAp¡_p

AphfZ_u D`f l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, "A„sf' _pd_y„ huk lp\ KQy„, kp¡mkp¡ lp\ lp¡my„ |h£_p AphfZp¡_u kdp_

`Nr\ephpm„y AphfZ R>¡. Ðep„ dlpv$¡hu_p ep¡Nip÷_p âhs®L$ kh®d„Óp¡_p Ny{$, kh® rhÛpAp¡dp„ `pf„Ns, dlp

kd\® A¡hp Qpf ep¡N_p\ fl¡ R>¡. gp¡L$p¡_u fnp dpV$¡ Ap Qpf¡e ep¡N_p\_u DÐ`qÑ L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h¡ L$fu.

103

A¡L$, rdÓu, ip¡X$j, Qep®e A¡ Qpf ep¡N_p\ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ OZp„ rióep¡ b_pìep. Ap Qpf¡e ep¡N_p\p¡_p rióep¡

ÓZ âL$pf_p R>¡. s¡ rióep¡_p âL$pf âdpZ¡ s¡d_p kd|l_p _pd Ap ¡gp„ R>¡. s¡dp„ d_yóe âL$pf_p rióep¡_p kd|l_¡

dp_hp¥O (dp_h + Ap¥O (kd|l)) L$l¡ R>¡. s¡ d_yóe L$np_p rióep¡ S>epf¡ ep¡N_u kp^_p L$fsp L$fsp kp^L$dp„\u

rkÙ (A\p®s¹ ep¡NrkqÙAp¡_u âpqá S>¡_¡ \B R>¡ s¡hp) \pe R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡Ap¡ buÅ âL$pf_p rkÙp¥O (rkÙ + Ap¥O)

kd|ldp„ NZpe R>¡ A_¡ ÓuÅ âL$pf_p rióep¡ qv$ìep¥O (qv$ìe + Ap¥O) A\p®s¹ rkÙ \ep R>u k„ |Z® fus¡ v$¡hÐh_¡

(A\p®s¹ qv$ìesp_¡) pçep lp¡e s¡hp lp¡e R>¡. qv$ìesp_¡ pçep R>u R>¡hV$¡ fdpÐdp_p kpL$pf A\hp r_fpL$pf õhê$`

kp\¡ kpduàe, kpgp¡L$e, kpê$àe (kpL$pf õhê$` kp\¡ r_L$V$sp) A_¡ kpeyÄe (r_fpL$pf fdpÐdpdp„ gu_ \B S>hy„

s¡) Apqv$ rkqÙAp¡ e¯s kp^L$p¡_¡ lp¢QpX$_pfp A¡ Qpf ep¡N_p\ R>¡ s¡ dlp_ Ny{$Ap¡ R>¡. s¡d_u bly rióep¡ k¡hp L$f¡

R>¡. Ap A„sf (AphfZ)_¡ "_p\ A„sf' L$l¡hpe R>¡.

_p\ A„sf\u D`f_y„ õ\p_ huk lp\ KQy, kp¡mkp¡ lp\ lp¡my„ R>¡. s¡_u afsp„ Nr\ep„ R>¡. Ap AphfZ

r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_y„ AphfZ R>¡. r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ `„v$f R>¡. s¡d_p„ _pd : L$pd¡ðfu (L$pd¡iu) cNdprg_u, r_ÐeL$gu_p,

c¡fy„X$p, h[ø¹_hprk_u, dlp hÇ>¡ðfu, Öy$su, Ðhqfsp, Ly$g ky„v$fu, r_Ðep, r_g`spL$p, rhÄep, kh®d„Ngp,

Ähpgpdprg_u, rQÓp - Ap `„v$f r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ \B. Ap v$¡huAp¡ îudpspÆ_p„ S> „v$f õhê$` S>¡hu R>¡ A_¡

dlpbm A_¡ `fp¾$dhpmu R>¡. s¡ r_Ðep dy¿e rsr\ê$` R>¡ A_¡ ÓZ¡ S>Nsdp„ ìep`L$ R>¡. ÓZ¡ L$pm (c|sL$pm,

hs®dp_L$pm A_¡ crhóeL$pm)_p¡ N°pk L$fhphpmu R>¡ (A\p®s¹ kde_p sÒh\u D`f R>¡, kde_p¡ S>e L$fhphpmu

R>¡.)

b°ûp Apqv$ S>¡ rQf„Æhu R>¡ A_¡ AÐe„s v$uO® Apeyóehpmp S>¡ AÞe v$¡hspAp¡ R>¡ s¡ v$¡hspAp¡_p kp¡ hj®

(d_yóe_y„ A¡L$ hj® bfpbf v$¡hspAp¡_p¡ A¡L$ qv$hk \pe R>¡) S>¡V$gp¡ gp„bp¡ kde Z r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_y„ S> õhê$` R>¡

A\p®s¹ gp„bpdp„ gp„bp¡ kde `Z kde_u AûðfuAp¡ (r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡)_p hidp„ R>¡. A¡hu s¡ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡ dp

cNhsu grgsp Açbp_u Apopdp„ qõ\s R>¡.

r_Ðe Dv$e_ (r_Ðe Dv$e pdsu), fp¡N frls, cNhsu_p A„N\u DÐ`ß \e¡gu Ap v$¡huAp¡ R>¡. k„kpf_u

h©qÙ A\£ Ap kde_u CðfuAp¡ QqfÓ õhê$r`Zu dp grgsp Açbp_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡.

`„v$f qv$hk (`„v$f rs\uAp¡ - A¡L$d\u |_d A_¡ |_d\u Adpk)A¡ „v$f r_ÐepAp¡_p„ r_hpk õ\p_ R>¡.

tbvy$Q¾$ (A\p®s¹ kde\u `f¡ kdpr^ qõ\rs L$¡ S>¡dp„ ep¡Nu_u Q¡s_p A¡L$ k|ÿd s¡S>õhu tbvy$ê$` b_u Åe R>¡ s¡

tbvy$_y„ Ýep_ L$fhp_u Ahõ\p kdepsus Ahõ\p NZpe R>¡) s¡dp„ jp¡X$ju r_Ðep (kp¡mdu r_Ðep dp grgsp Açbp

õhe„ R>¡) s¡d_y„ r_hpkõ\p_ R>¡. Ap AphfZ r_Ðepv$¡huAp¡_y„ AphfZ NZpe R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, r_ÐepAp¡_p AphfZ\u D`f A„Nv$¡huAp¡_y„ AphfZ R>¡. s¡ huk lp\ KQy„ A_¡ kp¡mkp¡

lp\ lp¡my„ R>¡. s¡ AphfZdp„ ùv$e Apqv$ iqL$sAp¡ R>¡ (ifuf_p Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ A„Np¡_¡ Qgph_pfu A_¡ fnZ L$f_pfu

iqL$sAp¡_¡ Al] A„NiqL$s - A„Nv$¡huAp¡ L$lu R>¡) s¡d_p„ _pd Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : ùv$ev$¡hu, rifp¡v$¡hu, riMpv$¡hu,

L$hQv$¡hu, _¡Óv$¡hu A_¡ A÷v$¡hu Ap R> v$¡huAp¡ A„Nv$¡huAp¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ îu dp grgsp Açbp_u kdu`dp„ fl¡hphpmu

v$¡huAp¡ R>¡. _hep¥h_\u k„ |Z® A„Np¡hpmu A_¡ lr\epfp¡ ^pfZ L$fu AÐe„s kph^p_ fl¡hphpmu Ap v$¡huAp¡ R>¡.

s¡Ap¡ îu grgspAçbp_u A„NfrnL$p R>¡. dp grgspAçbp_u Apop hsp®h¡ R>¡ A_¡ tbvy$ùW$_u ApSy>bpSy>dp„ fl¡ R>¡.

104

A„Nv$¡hu_p AphfZ\u D`f Np¡m ApL$pfhpmy„ tbvy$_pv$ dlpùW$ v$i lp\ KQy„ bÓuk kp¡ lp\_p

rhõspfhpmy„ Dv$eL$pm_p k|e®_pfpeZ S>¡hy„ s¡S>õhu R>¡. s¡_y„ _pd "tbvy$ùW$' R>¡. s¡_¡ "dlpùW$' Z L$l¡ R>¡, s\p

s¡"rhÛpùW$' A_¡ "Ap_„v$ùW$' sfuL$¡ Z Ap¡mMpe R>¡. s¡Z¡ Qpk uW$_y„ ê$` pfZ L$ey¯ R>¡. (A\p®s¹ s¡ õ\p__u

`Qpk âL$pf_u rhi¡jspAp¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ v$f¡L$ rhi¡j NyZ dyS>b s¡_y„ _pd R>¡.)

Ap tbvy$ùW$ D`f dp grgsp Açbp_y„ „Q b°ûê$` (A¡V$g¡ L$¡ „Qdlpc|sê$`) fÐ_p¡\u b_¡gy„ Apk_

(d„Q) R>¡ S>¡ kh® k©[ô$_y„ d|g L$pfZ R>¡. (ApÝepqÐdL$ ×[ô$A¡ Ap õ\p_ d|g âL©$rs_y„ L$¡ÞÖtbvy$ ê$` õ\p_ R>¡ Äep„\u

kdõs k©[ô$_p¡ Dv$¹Nd A_¡ rhõspf \pe R>¡. Ap`Zp v$f¡L$_u A„v$f Z S>¡ AqõsÒh_y„ L$¡ÞÖ R>¡ S>¡_¡ Ap`Z¡ "ly„

Ry„>' sfuL$¡ A_ych L$fuA¡ R>uA¡ s¡ Ap`Zu Q¡s_p_y„ L$¡ÞÖtbvy$ A¡ S> Ap`Zu d|gâL©$rs R>¡. Ap`Zp rhQpfp¡ A_¡

A_yc|rsAp¡ s\p gpNZuAp¡ Ðep„\u S> Dv¹ch pdu_¡ R>u blpf Ap`Zp hpZu A_¡ Ðepfbpv$ hs®_dp„ v$¡Mpe R>¡

s\p s¡ âdpZ¡ S> Ap`Ï„ Ap„sqfL$ A_¡ bpü Æh_ ApL$pf `pd¡ R>¡ A\p®s¹ Ap`Ï„ Æh_, Ap`Zp A„v$f_p

L$¡ÞÖdp„\u S> blpf_u vy$r_epdp„ ìeL$s \sp„ Ap`Zp rhQpfp¡_y„ S> âÐen ê$` R>¡. Ap\u S> kL$pfpÐdL$ rhQpfp¡_¡ ×Y$

L$fhp A_¡ _L$pfpÐdL$ rhQpfp¡_¡ v|$f L$fsp„ fl¡hy„ A¡ AÐe„s S>ê$fu R>¡. cNhp__u |Å-âp\®_p A¡ kL$pfpÐdL$ EÅ®_y„

r_dp®Z L$f¡ R>¡ Ap\u âp\®_p L$fsp„ fl¡hy„ A¡ fdpÐdp kp\¡_y„ A_¡ kL$pfpÐdL$ EÅ® kp\¡_y„ A_yk„^p_ L$fhp_y„ kd\®

kp^_ R>¡. s\p `fdpÐdpA¡ Ap`¡gu c¡V$p¡_u L$v$f L$fhu A_¡ A¡_p dpV$¡ kss Apcpf dp_sp fl¡hy„ A¡ `Z

kL$pfpÐdL$ iqL$sAp¡_p hl¡Z_¡ Mp¡gu Ap`hp_u Nyê$Qphu R>¡. _L$pfpÐdL$ qfbmp¡_¡ Æshp dpV$¡ fdpÐdp_u kss

klpe dp„Nhu A¡ S> kp^L$_y„ kyfnp L$hQ R>¡. Ap b^p r_edp¡_¡ Ås¡ AS>dphu s¡_u kÐesp_u A_yc|rs v$f¡L$¡ L$fhp

S>¡hu R>¡.)

îu S>Nv„$bp_u tbv$yùW$ D`f Aph¡gp fÐ_S>qX$s „Q b°ûê$` d„Q_p Qpf pep R>¡. s¡ v$i lp\ KQp A_¡

ÓZ lp\ lp¡mp R>¡. s¡ pepAp¡ b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i (A¡ qÓv$¡hp¡ A_¡ s¡_p\u D`f Qp¡\p) Cðf A¡ Qpf¡e_y„ õhê$`

R>¡. (A\p®s¹ Ap Qpf¡e d|gâL©$rsv$¡hu_p k©[ô$ê$` d„Q_p pep A¡V$g¡ L$¡ Ap^pfê$` R>¡.) s¡Ap¡ kh£ îuv$¡hu_p Ýep_\u

`p¡s¡ Z iqL$sê$` \B Nep R>¡. (A\p®s¹ îuv$¡hu_y„ Ýep_ L$fu_¡ s¡Ap¡ iqL$s-kcf \B Nep R>¡.)

`l¡gp¡ b°ûpÆê$` S>¡ `pep¡ R>¡ s¡ Aq‚L$p¡Zdp„ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p¡ f„N Åk|v$_p a|g S>¡hp¡ R>¡. buÅ¡

rhóÏê$` pep¡ R>¡ s¡ _¥F$Ðe L$p¡Zdp„ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p¡ f„N _ugL$dg S>¡hp¡ R>¡. ÓuÅ¡ dl¡iê$` pep¡ R>¡ s¡ hpeìeL$p¡Zdp„ R>¡

A_¡ s¡_p¡ f„N ka¡v$ Q„`L$ yó` S>¡hp¡ R>¡ A_¡ Qp¡\p¡ pep¡ R>¡ s¡ Cðfê$` R>¡ s¡ Bip_L$p¡Zdp„ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p¡ f„N

L$f¡Z_p yó` S>¡hp¡ R>¡. Ap Qpf¡e pepê$` v$¡hspAp¡ Apey^p¡ pfZ L$f¡gp A_¡ kh® Ag„L$pfp¡\u c|rjs R>¡. _uQ¡ D`f

\p„cgp S>¡hp A_¡ hÃQ¡ y{$jê$` R>¡.

Ap Qpf¡e `pepê$ v$¡hspAp¡A¡ cNhsu_p Ýep_dp„ Ap„Mp¡ d]Q¡gu R>¡. (A\p®s¹ Ap v$¡hspAp¡ kv$p

cNhsu_p Ýep_dp„ gu_ flu_¡ S> kdN° k©[ô$_y„ k„Qpg_ cNhsu pk¡\u iqL$s d¡mhu_¡ S> L$f¡ R>¡. dpV$¡ S> s¡Ap¡

k©[ô$_p pepê$` A\hp Ap^pfê$` v$¡hp¡ NZpe R>¡. A_¡ s¡d_u D`f îu S>Nv„$bp_p Apk_ê$` b¡W$L$ Aph¡gu R>¡ s¡_p¡

A\® A¡hp¡ \pe L$¡ Ap Qpf¡e v$¡hspAp¡ Z îu S>Nv„$bp_p ipk_ l¡W$m R>¡ A\p®s¹ s¡d_u Apop_¡ dp_hphpmp R>¡.)

Ap Qpf¡e v$¡hspAp¡ Ýep_õ\ lp¡hp\u r_òg (qõ\f) A„Nhpmp R>¡. s¡d_u D`f_u b¡W$L$ kv$prihê$` R>¡. (Ap

105

b¡W$L$ê$ù kv$prih_p Mp¡mpdp„ îu grgsp Açbp rhfpS>¡ R>¡ A\p®s¹ s¡Ap¡ kv$prih_¡ AÐe„s àepfp R>¡ A_¡

ApÝepqÐdL$ A\®dp„ fdpÐdp_u AÝenspdp„ fpiqL$s k©[ô$_u fQ_p L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ k©[ô$_¡ fdpÐdp Ap^pf Ap`¡ R>¡ A¡

S> fdpÐdp_p Mp¡mpdp„ âL©$rs_y„ rhfpS>dp_ lp¡hy„ A¡d L$l¡hpey„ R>¡.)

Ap kv$prihê$` b¡W$L$_u L$p„rs v$pX$d_p a|g S>¡hu R>¡ A_¡ kp¡mkp¡ lp\_u s¡_u lp¡mpB s\p Qpfkp¡ lp\_u

g„bpB R>¡. s¡ b¡W$L$ kv$p âL$piê$` R>¡. A„Nv$¡hu_p AphfZ\u gB_¡ kv$prihê$ù b¡W$L$ kyû_p A„N tQspdrZê$` R>¡

A_¡ sÒhê$` R>¡ (A\p®s¹ rQÞde sÒh_p b_¡gp, rQÑiqL$sõhê$` R>¡ A_¡ tQsh¡gy„ A¡V$g¡ L$¡ rhQpf¡gy„ am Ap`_pf

Ap L$¡ÞÖõ\p_ lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_¡ tQspdrZê$` L$üy„ R>¡. A\p®s¹ Ap`Ï„ rQÑ Ap`Z_¡ Ap`Zu CÃR>p âdpZ¡_y„ am

Ap`_pf tQspdrZfÐ_ê$` R>¡. `f„sy A¡ rQÑ_u iqL$sAp¡_¡ Ap`Z¡ vy$ê$èp¡N L$fu_¡ h¡X$au v$BA¡ R>uA¡. ep¡N_p

kp^L$p¡ p¡sp_p rQÑ_¡ kL$pfpÐdL$ Ýe¡e_u âpqá_p tQs_dp„ gNpX$u_¡ p¡sp_p rQÑê$ù tQspdrZ fÐ__p¡ kvy$èp¡N

L$f¡ R>¡. Ap`Ï„ rQÑ A¡ S> iqL$s_y„ d|m L$¡ÞÖ lp¡hp\u rQÑh©qÑ f L$pby d¡mhu_¡ s¡_¡ Ýe¡e D`f A¡L$pN° A_¡ L$¡ÞÖus

L$fhp_¡ S> "rQÑh©qÑ r_fp¡^ Crs ep¡N:' A¡d ep¡N_u ìep¿ep L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap rQÑiqL$s e®Þs lp¡Qhp_p

õ\|g\u dp„X$u_¡ k|ÿd R>Óuk Nr\ep_y„ hZ®_ lh¡ ApNm L$ey¯ R>¡ :)

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, A„Nv$¡hu_p AphfZ\u b¡W$L$ kyû_p„ R>Óuk ky„v$f `Nr\ep ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. (kp¥\u

õ\|g) `©Õhu, S>m, Aq‚, hpey, ApL$pi, N„^, fk, ê$`, õì®, iåv$, S>__¡qÞÖe, Nyv$p, `N, lp\, hpZu,

_prkL$p, Æc, ÐhQp, _¡Ó, L$p_, Al„L$pf, byqÙ, d_, âL©$rs, y{$j, r_esu, L$pm, fpN, L$gp, qhÛp, dpep,

iyÙdpep, rhð¡ðf, kv$prih, irL$s A_¡ rih Ap R>Óuk sÒhê$` R>Óuk Nr\ep R>¡. Ap Nr\ep |h® qv$ipdp„

R>¡. Ap d„Q (b¡W$L$)_u D`f Qp¡kW$ Npv$gp„ R>¡ (s¡ Qp¡kW$ L$gpAp¡ R>¡ - A\p®s¹ A¡L$ kpQp¡ L$gpL$pf S> ep¡N_u KQu

c|rdL$pA¡ lp¢Qu iL$¡ R>¡ L$pfZ L$¡ L$p¡B`Z L$gp_u kp^_p A¡ AÐe„s A¡L$pN°sp A_¡ sÞdesp Üpfp L$gpdp„ r_`|Zsp

âpá L$fu_¡ S> \pe R>¡ Ap\u ep¡NrhÛpdp„ Qp¡kW$ L$gpAp¡_y„ KQy„ õ\p_ R>¡.)

Npv$gp„_u bß¡ bpSy> Ap¡riL$p„ Np¡W$hpe¡gp„ R>¡. Npv$gp„_p¡ f„N gpg R>¡ A_¡ s¡_u D`f L$ky„bu f„N_p¡ Ap¡R>pX$

`p\f¡gp¡ R>¡. rhÓ A_¡ L$p¡dm A¡hp¡ Ap Ap¡R>pX$ ÚfpNdrZ S>¡hp¡ âL$pris \B füp¡ R>¡.

s¡_u D`f `|h® bpSy> dyM L$fu_¡ v$ephpmp A_¡ ky„v$f Apc|jZp¡\u rhc|rjs, kv$p kp¡m hj®_u hehpmp,

ENsp k|e®_p tbb S>¡hp Qpf lp\ A_¡ ÓZ _¡Óhpmp, lpf, bpSy>b„ , dyNV$, L„$N_\u eyL$s, ky„v$f, d„v$ qõdsey¼s

S>¡_p ky„v$f Npg R>¡ s¡hp Apqv$ v$¡h L$pd¡ðf cNhp_ rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. A_¡ s¡d_p Mp¡mpdp„, bpf hpÁep_p k|e® S>¡hp

âL$pris gpg L$p„rshpmp, kv$pe kp¡m hj®_p A_¡ _hep¥h_\u Nrh®s A¡hp îu grgsp Açbp rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. (lh¡

ApNm îu grgsp Açbp_p ky„v$f õhê$`_y„ hZ®_ L$f¡ R>¡ S>¡ cL$sp¡A¡ Ýep_ L$fhp dpV$¡ R>¡. dlpv$¡hu_p QfZp¡\u iê$

L$fu_¡ dõsL$ e¯s_p s¡d_p qv$ìe õhê$`_y„ Ap fus¡ Ýep_ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡ :-)

kh®â\d îu grgsp Açbp_p ky„v$f QfZL$dg_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp„ leN°uh F$rj L$l¡ R>¡ : ÚfpN drZ S>¡hp„

A_¡ Q„v$_\u ip¡rcs QfZp¡_u Ap„NmuAp¡_p„ _M gpg R>¡. d¢v$u gNpX$ep hNf_p S> gpg N_p„ srmep R>¡. Tp„Tf

`l¡f¡gp„ R>¡. s¡_p¡ d yf Ýhr_ \B füp¡ R>¡. L$pdv$¡h_p cp\p_¡ grÄS>s L$f¡ s¡hu Å„O R>¡. L$¡m_p õs„c S>¡hp kp\m

ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. gpg f„N_y„ drl_ h÷ L$¡X$\u l¡ey¯ R>¡. fÐ_p¡_p¡ L„$v$p¡fp¡ ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. _prc KX$u R>¡ A_¡ ¡V$ D`f

ÓZ f¡MpAp¡ R>¡. Ap ÓZ f¡MpAp¡ _v$u_p sf„N S>¡hu R>¡ A_¡ _v$udp„ \sp c°df S>¡hu _prc R>¡. L$qW$_ õs_p¡ D`f

106

S>¡ h÷ `l¡f¡gy„ R>¡ s¡dp„ dp¡su gpN¡gp„ R>¡. õs_p¡_p cpf\u L$qV$ âv$¡i kph nuZ (`psmp¡) S>ZpB füp¡ R>¡.

kfkX$p_p a|g S>¡hu Qpf cyÅAp¡ R>¡. s¡ cyÅAp¡ lp\u_u k|„Y$ S>¡hu cfphv$pf A_¡ ky„v$f R>¡. bpSy>b„^ A_¡ L„$L$Z\u

s¡d_p„ lp\ ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. lp\dp„ S>¡ L„$N_ `l¡ep® R>¡ s¡_p¡ Ýhr_ dp¡rls L$fhphpmp¡ R>¡. ky„v$f Ap„NmuAp¡

h]V$uAp¡\u kyip¡rcs R>¡. s¡d_p b„_¡ Mæcp ky„v$f R>¡. i„M S>¡hu N°uhp R>¡. s¡d_p„ kh® A„Np¡ âL$pidp_ R>¡.

cNhsu_y„ dyM v$`®Z S>¡hy„ R>¡. v$`®Z_¡ `L$X$hp_p ArZv$pf cpN S>¡hu lX$`Qu R>¡ A_¡ gpg lp¡W$ R>¡.

`rhÓ A_¡ „qL$sbÙ v$p„s âL$pris \B füp„ R>¡. s¡ v$p„s ÅZ¡ rhÛpAp¡_u „qL$sAp¡ âL$pidp_ \B flu lp¡e s¡hp

ip¡cu füp„ R>¡. v$p„sp¡_u ip¡cp ÅZ¡ X$p¡gf_u L$mu S>¡hu R>¡ s¡dp„\u âL$pi _uL$mu füp¡ R>¡.

_prkL$pdp„„ dp¡Vy„$ dp¡su `l¡f¡gy„ R>¡. L$¡sL$u_p„ a|g S>¡hp„ gp„bp _¡Óp¡ R>¡. A^®Q„Ödp S>¡hy„ L$`pm R>¡ A_¡ |Z®

Q„Ödp S>¡hy„ dyM R>¡. kp¥cpÁeL$p„rnZu_u ip¡cp Ars d_p¡lf R>¡. ky„v$f L$p_ R>¡ A_¡ L$p_dp„ dpZ¡L$ S>X$¡gp„ Ly„$X$m

`l¡ep R>¡. cNhsu_p dyMdp„ S>¡ sp„byg R>¡ s¡dp„\u L$õsyfu A_¡ L$ yf_u kyN„^ v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡dp„ a¡gpC flu R>¡.

ifv$F$sy_p Q„Ödp_p d„X$m S>¡hy„ s¡d_y„ dyMpfthv$ R>¡.

cNhsuA¡ tQspdrZ_p¡ lpf l¡ep£ R>¡ A_¡ dp\p D`f dyNV$ l¡ep£ R>¡, L$`pmdp„ L$õs|fu_y„ rsgL$ L$ey¯ R>¡.

L$`pmdp„ fÐ_ S>¡hy„ ÓuSy„> _¡Ó R>¡. OpV$p A„^L$pf S>¡hp bpfuL$ L$¡i R>¡. dp\¡ tkvy$f `|f¡gp¡ R>¡. dõsL$ D`f Q„ÖL$gp

^pfZ L$f¡gu R>¡ A_¡ dv$\u _¡Óp¡ Q„Qm \B füp„ R>¡. kh® iZNpf\u c|rjs A_¡ kh® Apc|jZp¡ pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡.

kdõs gp¡L$p¡_u dpsp R>¡ A_¡ kv$pe Ap_„v$_u h©qÙ L$f_pfp R>¡. b°ûp, rhóÏ, dlpv$¡h, Cðf, kv$prih A¡

kh®_y„ L$pfZ cNhsu R>¡. L©$`p L${$Zp×[ô$\u \p¡Xy„$ Å¡h¡ sp¡ s¡ qv$ìe â¡d_u _v$u\u kh®_¡ s©qá \B Åe R>¡. dp grgsp

Açbp kdõs p`p¡_p¡ _pi L$fhp kh® kd\® R>¡. kh® v$¡hspAp¡_u |Å L$fhu dp grgsp Açbp_u |Å L$fhp bfpbf

R>¡. s¡ dp grgsp Açbp_y„ hZ®_ ly„ L$¡hu fus¡ L$fu iLy„$ ? lÅfp¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ hj® ky u Z s¡d_p A¡L$ A„i_y„ hZ®_ L$fu

iL$psy„ _\u. s¡d_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp„ hpZu b„^ \B Åe R>¡. hpZu d_ krls Äep„ r_h©Ñ \B Åe R>¡. h^pf¡ iy„ L$ly„ ?

e\p\® hps kp„cmp¡ - âL$pidp_\u, õ_¡l\u L$¡ dp¡l\u ly„ _\u L$l¡sp¡ (`f„sy S>¡ kÐe R>¡ s¡ S> L$lu füp¡ Ry„>) l¡

ANõÐe F$rj, L$ë`h©n_u X$pmuAp¡_u L$gd b_phu_¡ kps kdyÖ_p„ iplu_p„ pÓ b_¡, Qpk L$fp¡X$ ep¡S>_ c|rd

L$pNm b_u Åe, fp^® hjp£ kyû s¡dp„ g¿ep L$f¡, kh® gp¡L$ gMhp dp„X$¡ A_¡ kh® gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ cyÅAp¡ lp¡e, S>¡

kh£ b©lõ`rs S>¡hp op_u A_¡ hL$sp lp¡e - sp¡ Z îuv$¡hu_p QfZL$dm_u A¡L$ Ap„Nmu_p _M_u L$p„rs_p„ lÅfp¡

A„idp„_p A¡L$ A„i_y„ Z hZ®_ \B iL$¡ _l]. A\hp kh® hpZu h©qÑ Z s¡d_p NyZNp_ L$fhp dpV$¡ |fp„ _ \B

iL$¡. (A¡hy„ îu S>Nv„$bp Apqv$iqL$s d|gâL©$rs õhê$r`Zu cNhsu îu grgsp Açbp_y„ dlp_ rhfpV$¹ õhê$` A_¡

s¡d_y„ Apqv$dpsp sfuL¡ _y„ dlpÐçe R>¡ !)

tbvy$ùW$_u Qpf¡L$p¡f dlpdpepê$ù L$pmp f„N_p¡ `X$v$p¡ R>¡ (Ap tbvy$õhê$` ApÐdÄep¡s_u Apk`pk_p

ArhÛp, Aop_ A_¡ Al„L$pf ê$ù A„ L$pf_p L$pmp AphfZ_¡ S> Al] L$pmp f„N_p¡ X$v$p¡ L$üp¡ R>¡, S>¡_¡ lV$pìep

rh_p ApÐdõhê$`_p âL$pi_p v$i®_ \B iL$sp„ _\u.)

îuv$¡hu\u huk lp\ D`f gpg f„N_p¡ Q„v$fhp¡ Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡ Q„v$fhp_u ip¡cp_y„ Adpfp\u hZ®_ \B iL$¡ s¡d

_\u. dpfu hpZu hZ®_ L$fhp NB f„sy gpS>_u dpfu L„$W$dp„ S> flu NB. Ðep„ S>¡ L$p¡B ip¡cp R>¡ s¡_¡ sp¡ S>¡Z¡ s¡_¡

107

Å¡B lp¡e s¡ S> ÅZ¡. d_\u `Z v|$f s¡_u ip¡cp_y„ hZ®_ L$p¡Z L$fu iL$¡ ? (Ap qv$ìe Q„v$fhp¡ A¡ N|Y$ âL$pihpmp

kh®ìep`L$ r_fpL$pf fdpÐdp p¡s¡ R>¡. s¡d_u ip¡cp A_¡ dlpÐçe Agp¥qL$L$ R>¡, s¡_y„ iåv$p¡dp„ hZ®_ L$fu iL$pe _l].

L$pfZ L$¡ s¡ iåv$psus c|rdL$p R>¡. EÝh®dp„ ×[ô$ fpMu_¡ Ýep_ L$fhp\u Ap âL$pris fdpÐdp_u A_yc|rs A_¡ qv$ìe

k„`L®$ \B iL$¡ R>¡. cNhv¹$ Nuspdp„ Ap `fdpÐdp_¡ S> nf-Anf\u `f " yê$jp¡Ñd' sfuL$¡ hrZ®s L$fhpdp„ Apìep

R>¡.)

Ap fus¡ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p h^ dpV$¡ dp grgsp A„rbL$pA¡ rQÑ Aq‚dp„\u âNV$ \B kh® v$¥Ðep¡_¡ bpmu _p¿ep.

qv$ìe riëùAp¡A¡ kp¡m S>ÁepA¡ A„bpÆ_p îu yf _pd_p r_hpkõ\p_ b_pìep„. îu_Nfdp„ dpspÆ r_hpk L$fu_¡

v$¡hspAp¡_y„ kv$pe fnZ L$f¡ R>¡. b^p„ S> îu`yf gNcN kfMp„ S> R>¡ s¡d_u fQ_pdp„ bly a¡f _\u, _pd dpÓ_p¡ a¡f

R>¡. Sy>v$p Sy>v$p h©np¡_u hpqV$L$pAp¡_p Apf„c\u S>¡ îu`yf _Nf L$\p L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ fdNrs_¡ âpá \pe R>¡.

S>¡ kp„cm¡ R>¡, S>¡ |R>¡ R>¡, S>¡ Ap_u Mp¡S> L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ yõsL$dp„ Ap_¡ hp„Q¡ R>¡, s¡_¡ fdNrs âpá \pe R>¡.

S>¡ îu`yf_p rhrh^ âL$pf_p c¡v$ R>¡, S>¡ riëùAp¡A¡ b_pìep R>¡ s¡ dlp_ îuv$¡hu_y„ õ\p_ R>¡. Ap_y„ k„`pv$_ S>¡

cL$s L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ fdNrs âpá \pe R>¡.

âL$fZ - 28

d„ÓfpS> kp^_

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : cNhsu_y„ âNV$ \hy„ s¡ dlp_ yÎeipmu QqfÓ d¢ kp„cýey„. c„X$pkyf_p¡ h^ A_¡

v$¡hu_u îu_Nfdp„ qõ\rs s¡ Z Ad¡ kp„cýey„. lh¡ d_¡ v$¡hu_p d„Ó_u kp^_p rhi¡ kp„cmhp_u CÃR>p R>¡. A¡ d„Ó_y„

õhê$ lh¡ sd¡ d_¡ L$lp¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : kh® sÒhde Ap k©[ô$dp„ iåv$hõsy (Apqv$_pv$ ±L$pf A_¡ s¡dp„\u DÐ`ß \_pfp kh®

õhf A_¡ ìe„S>_ A_¡ s¡_p Üpfp fQpsu cpjpAp¡) dlp_ R>¡. kh® iåv$p¡dp„ h¡v$fpri dlp_ R>¡. kh® h¡v$p¡dp„ h¡v$_p

d„Ó dlp_ R>¡. kh® h¡v$d„Óp¡dp„ cNhp_ rhóÏ_p d„Óp¡ dlp_ R>¡. îu rhóÏ_p d„Óp¡\u vy$Np®v$¡hu_p d„Óp¡ dlp_ R>¡. l¡

dyr_î¡›$ vy$Np®v$¡hu_p d„Óp¡ L$fsp NZ`rs_p d„Óp¡ bmhp_ R>¡.

NZ`rs_p d„Óp¡\u k|e®_p d„Óp¡ bmhp_ R>¡. k|e®v$¡h_p d„Óp¡\u cNhp_ rih_p d„Óp¡ dlp_ R>¡. rih_p

d„Óp¡\u gÿduÆ_p d„Ó dlp_ R>¡. gÿduÆ_p d„Óp¡\u kfõhsuÆ_p d„Ó dlp_ R>¡. kfõhsuÆ_p d„Óp¡\u rNfÅ

`ph®suÆ_p d„Óp¡ î¡›$ R>¡. rNfÅ_p d„Óp¡\u Apç_pe h¡v$_p d„Óp¡ î¡›$ R>¡. Apç_pe d„Óp¡\u hfpl cNhp__p d„Óp¡

î¡›$ R>¡. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj ! hfpl cNhp__p d„Óp¡\u L$pgu-cNhsu_p d„Óp¡ î¡›$ R>¡ _¡ L$pgu cNhsu_p d„Óp¡\u

grgsp Açbp_p v$i âL$pf_p d„Óp¡ î¡›$ R>¡.

l¡ ANõÐe F$rj ! s¡ grgsp Açbp_p v$i d„Óp¡dp„ b¡ d„Óp¡ î¡›$ R>¡. A¡L$ gp¡`pdyÖp A_¡ A¡L$ L$pdfpS> A¡d

b¡ âL$pf_p ârkÙ R>¡. (Ap gp¡ pdyÖp A¡ îu grgsp AçbpÆ_u dlp_ cL$s A¡L$ fpS>L$Þep lp¡e R>¡ S>¡_u kp\¡

108

`R>u ANõÐe F$rj A¡ g‚ L$ep® lsp„. s¡ gp¡`pdyÖpA¡ S>¡ d„Ó hX$¡ cNhsu_u Apfp^_p L$fu lsu s¡ d„Ó gp¡`pdyÖp

d„Ó sfuL$¡ âqkÙ \ep¡ A_¡ buÅ¡ L$pdfpS> d„Ó s¡ L$pdv$¡h¡ S>¡ d„Ó Üpfp dp grgsp Açbp_u D`pk_p L$fu lsu s¡

d„Ó L$pdfpS> d„Ó sfuL$¡ ârkÙ \ep¡.)

"l' l¡gp lp¡e sp¡ s¡ gp¡`pdyÖp_p¡ d„Ó (s¡_¡ l+Apqv$ = lpqv$ rhÛp) L$l¡hpe R>¡ A_¡ "L$' l¡gp lp¡e sp¡

L$pdfpS>_p¡ d„Ó (s¡_¡ L$+Apqv$ = L$pqv$rhÛp) L$l¡hpe R>¡.

"l'L$pf A¡ L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h_p¡ Anf R>¡ A_¡ "L$'L$pf A¡ dp grgsp Açbp_p¡ Anf R>¡. lpqv$rhÛp A_¡

L$pqv$rhÛpdp„ iê$Aps_p„ ÓZ buS>d„Óp¡dp„ a¡f lp¡e R>¡. Ap b„_¡dp„ S>¡ gp¡`pdyÖp d„Ó R>¡ s¡ cqL$s Ap`_pf R>¡ A_¡

S>¡ L$pdfpS>d„Ó R>¡ s¡ rkqÙ Ap`_pf R>¡.

(Ðepfbpv$ leN°uh F$rj Ap Nyá d„Ó_y„ kp„L$¡rsL$ fus¡ hZ®_ L$f¡ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ Ap b„_¡ d„Óp¡_y„ hZ®_ Np¡`_ue

fus¡ A¡V$gp dpV$¡ Apàey„ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡_p\u A_r^L$pfu Aep¡Áe ìeqL$s s¡_p¡ S>` L$fu_¡ s¡_p Üpfp dmsu rkqÙAp¡ âpá _

L$fu iL$¡ - s¡ dpV$¡ s¡dZ¡ s¡ d„Ó_p âÐe¡L$ buS>d„Óê$` Anf_¡ AgN pX$u_¡ s¡ A¡L$ A¡L$ Anf Üpfp k|rQs S>¡ v$¡hsp

A\hp sÒh lp¡e s¡_p„ _pd g¿ep„ R>¡. v$pMgp sfuL$¡ "N' Anf lp¡e sp¡ s¡ NZ`rs_p¡ buS>d„Ó lp¡hp\u d„Ódp„_p

"N' Anf_¡ bv$g¡ "NZ¡i' A¡d k„L$¡sdp„ gMpe. A\p®s¹ NZ¡i g¿ey„ lp¡e Ðep„ s¡_p¡ A\® "N' A\hp "N„' buÅnf

Ðep„ R>¡ s¡d kdS>hy„ Ap fus¡ S>¡_¡ v$f¡L$ v$¡hsp A_¡ v$f¡L$ sÒh_p¡ buÅnf Mbf lp¡e s¡ S> lh¡ ApNm Ap`¡gp

kp„L$¡rsL$ iåv$p¡ Üpfp hrZ®s d„ÓfpS>_¡ DL$¡gu iL$¡ A_¡ Ðepfbpv$ s¡_p¡ rhr^`|h®L$ S>` L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ rkÙ L$fu ApNm

hZ®h¡gu rkqÙAp¡_¡ âpá L$fu iL$¡ !)

s¡ d„Ó_p „v$f Anf Ap âdpZ¡_p iåv$p¡ Üpfp k„L$¡sdp„ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep„ R>¡. : (1) rih, (f) iqL$s,

(3) L$pd, (4) ©Õhu, (`) dpep, (6) l„k, (7) c©Ny, (8) dlpv$¡h, (9) CÞÖ, (10) cyh_¡iu, (11) Q„Ö,

(12) d_p¡cy (L$pdv$¡h), (13) ©Õhu, (14) rlfug¡Mp - Ap Qp¥v$ A_¡ s¡dp„ l„k iåv$_p bÞ_¡ Anf A¡d Ly$g

`„v$f Anf_p d„Ó_¡ „Qv$ipnqf dlprhÛp L$l¡ R>¡. Al] S>¡ d„Ó Apàep¡ R>¡ s¡ lpqv$ rhÛp gp¡`pdyÖp d„Ó R>¡. (s¡_p

iê$Aps_p ÓZ Anf L$pdfpS>_p d„Ódp„ Sy>v$p Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡_y„ hZ®_ ApNm L$f¡ R>¡. (1) L$pd, (f) ep¡_u, (3)

gÿdu - Ap ÓZ¡e_p buS>d„Óp¡\u iê$ \sp¡ "L$' Apqv$ d„Ó R>¡ s¡ L$pdfpS>_p¡ d„Ó - L$pqv$rhÛp R>¡.

Ap `p„Q ÓuL$ (A¡V$g¡ L$¡ ÓZ hMs `p„Q=`„v$f) _u S>¡ dlprhÛp R>¡ s¡ îu grgsp Açbp_p õhê$`_¡

k|rQs L$f_pfu R>¡. S>¡ dlpcpÁehpmp Ap_p¡ S>` L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ kh® S>ÁepA¡ rkqÙ âpá \pe.

(lh¡ ApNm d„Ó S>` L$fhp_u rhr^_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp leN°uh F$rj L$l¡ R>¡ :) kv¹Nyê$\u d„Ó gB „v$f Anf_¡

s¡ rhÜp_ kp^L$¡ S>¡ fus¡ rkÙ L$fhp_p lp¡e R>¡ s¡_p¡ ¾$d lh¡ ly„ sd_¡ L$ly„ Ry„> kph^p_ \B_¡ kp„cmp¡.

âps:L$pm¡ EW$u_¡ dõsL$dp„ lÅf p„MX$uhpmp L$dm_y„ tQs_ L$fhy„ A_¡ s¡ L$dmdp„ L©$`pmy Ny{$ (S>¡dZ¡ Ap

d„Ó v$unp Apù lp¡e s¡ Ny{$)_y„ Ýep_ L$fhy„. R>u blpf S>B_¡ ip¥Q Apqv$ q¾$epAp¡ sphu R>u Aphu_¡ ifuf D`f

s¡g gNpX$hy„. Ðepfbpv$ ifuf¡ uW$u Qp¡mu_¡ iyÙ Nfd S>m\u õ_p_ L$fhy„. Nfd _ lp¡e sp¡ S>¡hy„ S>m lp¡e s¡_p\u

õ_p_ L$fhy„.

Ðepfbpv$ iyÙ h÷p¡ l¡fhp. f¡idu A\hp E__p h÷p¡ h y kpfp„ (L$pfZ L$¡ s¡_p\u kp^L$_u EÅ®_y„ fnZ

109

\pe R>¡.) S>m_y„ ApQd_ L$fu `fp A„rbL$pÆ_y„ ùv$edp„ Ýep_ L$fhy„. L$`pmdp„ EÝh® rsgL$, A\hp qÓ`y„X$ rsgL$

A\hp ANõÐe_p h©n_p `p_ S>¡hp ApL$pf_y„ rsgL$ L$fhy„ A_¡ A„v$f-blpf\u iyÙ \B_¡ k„Ýeph„v$_ L$fhy„.

k|e®_pfpeZ_¡ AÝe® v$¡hy„ A_¡ S>mdp„ Ans yó`, Qphg (Qp¡Mp)_pMu k|e®_pfpeZ_¡ AÝe® Ap`hy„. ÓZ hMs dp

grgsp Açbp_¡ AÝe® Ap`hy„. dyMd„Ó\u dp grgsp Açbp_¡ AÝe® Ap`hy„. `R>u v$¡hsp, F$rj, r`s©v$¡hspAp¡_¡

S>m\u s`®Z L$fhy„, k|e®_pfpeZ_y„ D`õ\p_ L$fhy„. v$¡hu k|e®d„X$mdp„ R>¡ s¡hu cph_p L$fhu. `R>u dp¥_ ^fu `rhÓ

ùv$e\u Äep„ cNhsu_y„ |Åõ\p_ R>¡, Ðep„ âh¡i L$fhp¡. L$ |f, Q„v$_, L$õsyfu hN¡f¡ p¡sp_p ifuf D`f gNpX$hp.

ky„v$f h¡i pfZ L$fhp¡, Apc|jZ pfZ L$fhp A_¡ a|gp¡_u dpmp dp\pdp„ pfZ L$fhu. kpQp Apc|jZ _

lp¡e sp¡ k„L$ë`_p Apc|jZ l¡fhp A_¡ _ lp¡e sp¡ hpõsrhL$ Apc|jZ l¡fhp. |ÅM„X$dp„ S>¡hp Þepk L$üp„ R>¡

s¡hp Þepk (A„N Þepk, L$f Þepk) Apqv$ rhr^ L$fhu.

`R>u L$p¡dg Apk_ D`f b¡ku îu_Nf_y„ Ýep_ L$fhy„. Sy>v$p Sy>v$p h©np¡\u iê$ L$fu grgsp A„bp kyû_y„ Ýep_

L$fhy„. A„v$f-blpf\u `rhÓ \B_¡ îu_Nf_y„ Ýep_ L$fhy„. `R>u cNhsu_y„ |`, v$u`, Ans, L„$yLy$d, yó`, _¥h¡Û

Apqv$\u |S>_ L$fu_¡ d„ÓS>` L$fhp_p¡ Apf„c L$fhp¡.

„ {$Öpn_u dpmp_¡ L$ |f, L$õsyfu Apqv$\u kyN„r^s L$fu_¡, DÑf sfa A\hp |h® sfa dyM fpMu cNhsu_p¡

S>` L$f¡. R>Óuk gpM hpf S>` L$fhp\u rhÛp âkß \pe. v$ip„i (d„Ó k„¿ep_p¡ v$idp¡ cpN S>¡V$gu k„¿ep_p

d„Óp¡\u) lh_ L$fhp¡. s¡_p¡ v$ip„idp¡ cpN s ®Z L$fhy„ A_¡ s¡_p¡ v$ip„i cpN dpS®>_ L$fhy„. Aphu fus¡ d„Ó_¡ rkÙ

L$fhp¡.

Ðepfbpv$ L$pdS>` L$fhp¡. A¡L$ gpM S>` L$f¡ sp¡ v$f¡L$ d_yóe hidp„ \B Åe. b¡ gpM S>` L$f¡ sp¡ kh® ÷uAp¡

hidp„ \B Åe. ÓZ gpM S>` L$f¡ sp¡ kh® fpÅAp¡ hidp„ \B Åe. Qpf gpM S>` L$f¡ sp¡ _pNL$Þep hidp„ \B

Åe. `p„Q gpM S>` L$f¡ sp¡ kh® `pspmgp¡L$ hidp„ \pe. R> gpM S>` L$fhp\u d_yóe_u ÷uAp¡ hidp„ \B Åe.

kps gpM S>` L$fhp\u õhN®_u ÷uAp¡ hidp„ \B Åe. ApW$ gpM S>`\u v$¡hep¡r__u S>¡V$gu ÷uAp¡ R>¡ s¡ hidp„

\B Åe. _h gpM S>`\u kh® v$¡hspAp¡ hidp„ \B Åe. v$i gpM S>` L$fhp\u CÞÖ Apqv$ qv$N¹`pg hidp„ \B

Åe. ArNepf gpM S>` L$fhp\u b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i hidp„ \B Åe. bpf gpM S>` L$fhp\u ApW$ rkqÙ hidp„

\B Åe. (ApW$ rkqÙAp¡ - ArZdp, drldp, Nqfdp, gr^dp, âpqá, âpL$pçep, Crisp, hrisp.)

`|h£ CÞÖ_y„ CÞÖ`Ï„ Ap d„Ó\u \ey„. rhóÏ cNhp__y„ rhóÏ`Ï„ Ap d„Ó\u \ey„. k|e®_¡ k|e®`Ï„ Ap d„Ó\u

âpá \ey„. kh® v$¡hspAp¡_u S>¡ DÄS>hm rkqÙAp¡ R>¡ s¡ Ap d„Ó\u s¡d_¡ âpá \B R>¡.

Ap d„Ó_p¡ S>` L$fhphpmp¡ kh® `p`p¡\u frls \B Åe R>¡. qÓgp¡L$udp„ AÐe„s ky„v$f, L$pdv$¡h_¡ Z dp¡l

DÐ`ß L$fhphpmp¡ \pe. kh® rkqÙAp¡\u ey¼s, kh®o A_¡ kh® |rS>s \pe. S>` L$fhphpmp kp^L$_p v$i®_\u

Ap„sqfL$ CÃR>p |fu \B Åe.

hpZudp„ b©lõ`rs S>¡hp¡ \B Åe, gÿdu (k„`qÑ, ip¡cp)dp„ gÿdu`rs S>¡hp¡, bmdp„ hpeyv$¡hsp S>¡hp¡,

qõ\fspdp„ rldpge S>¡hp¡, KQpBdp„ d¡fy `h®s S>¡hp¡, N„cufspdp„ kdyÖ S>¡hp¡, N°pd, pZu, _Nfdp„ nZcfdp„

np¡c L$fhphpmp¡, \p¡X$u _S>fdpÓ\u õ\„c_ L$fu v$¡ _¡ kpd¡_u ìeqL$s bNpkp„ Mphp dp„X$¡, DÃQpV$_ L$fu v$¡, vy$ô$

rQÑhpmp_¡ dpfu _pM¡, dp¡l L$fu v$¡.

110

L$p¡B_¡ M|b S> ¾$p¡^ QX$ep¡ lp¡e sp¡ S>` L$fhphpmp_p v$i®_dpÓ\u s¡_p¡ ¾$p¡ Dsfu Åe A_¡ âkß \B Åe.

AY$pf rhÛpAp¡_p¡ opsp \B Åe. d„v$pqL$_u_p âhpl S>¡hu s¡_u d^yf hpZu \B Åe. l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, kh® ip÷p¡dp„ s¡_p\u L$p„B `Z ÅZhp_y„ bpL$u _\u fl¡sy„. (A\p®s¹ kh®o \B Åe.) kh® v$i®_ ip÷p¡_p M„X$_-d„X$_

L$fhpdp„ kd\® A_¡ v$f¡L$ ip÷p¡_p k„ |Z® sÒh_¡ ÅZ_pf \B Åe R>¡, s¡\u S> s¡_¡ kh®o L$l¡hpe R>¡.

kh® Æhp¡ D`f s¡_p ùv$edp„ v$ep fl¡ R>¡. ÓZ¡ gp¡L$ s¡_p L$p¡`_p¡ rhje _ \pe. (A\p®s¹ AÐe„s v$epmy A_¡ ndpiug õhcph L$¡mhhp¡ A¡ îudpspÆ_p kp^L$-cL$s dpV$¡ Ar_hpe® R>¡. ky„v$f õhcph A¡ S> kp^L$_y„ kpQy„

c|jZ R>¡.)

(L$pdS>` L$f_pf kp^L$_y„ A×íe Qy„bL$ue n¡Ó M|b S> âbm \B Åe R>¡ s¡\u s¡_y„ kdN° AqõsÐh AÞe Æhp¡_¡ dpV$¡ AÐe„s ApL$j®Z DÐ`ß L$f_pfy„ \B Åe R>¡ s¡ A¡V$gu lv$¡ L$¡ kdõs âL©$rs âv$¡i A_¡ âL©$rs_p kh®

sÒhp¡_y„ ApL$j®Z L$fu iL$hp_u s¡_pdp„ iqL$s Aphu Åe R>¡. Al] rhi¡js: ÷uAp¡_p ApL$jp®B Aphhp_u hps A¡V$gp dpV$¡ L$lu R>¡ L$pfZ L$¡ ÷u âL©$rs sÒh_u d|rs®ê$` R>¡. s¡d R>sp„e kdõs Æhk©[ô$_y„ s¡ kp^L$ âÐe¡ M¢QpZ \pe R>¡ s¡d

kdS>hy„ Å¡BA¡. ÷uAp¡_p ApL$jp®B Aphhp bpbs L$p¡B Aep¡Áe A\® _ g¡hp¡ Å¡BA¡ L$pfZ L$¡ îu S>Nv„$bp_p cL$s_y„ QpqfÔe rhiyÙ lp¡hy„ AphíeL$ R>¡. dpV$¡ Al] Ap`Z¡ A¡d kdS>hp_y„ R>¡ L$¡ ÷uAp¡ õhcphs: L$p¡dm A_¡

â¡dpm ùv$e_u lp¡hp\u õhpcprhL$ õ_¡l hX$¡ M¢QpB Aph¡ sp¡ Z kp^L$¡ s¡d_p âÐe¡ rhiyÙ cph S> pfZ L$fhp_p¡ lp¡e R>¡. A_¡ ApÝepqÐdL$ flõe_u ×[ô$A¡ ÷uAp¡_y„ ApL$j®Z A¡V$g¡ âL©$rsNs v$p\p£_y„ ApL$j®Z L$fu iL$hp_u rkqÙ A\p®s¹ s¡ kp^L$_¡ Æh_r_hp®l_p kp^_p¡_y„ A_¡ AphíeL$ QuÅ¡_y„ Ap`d¡m¡ ApL$jp®B_¡ âpá \B S>hy„ A¡hu rkqÙ

âpá \B Åe R>¡ S>¡\u s¡ r_hp®l_u tQsp\u dyL$s \B Ap_„v$ |h®L$ îu cNhsu_u kp^_p A_¡ cqL$s L$fu iL$¡, bpL$u îu S>Nv„$bp_p cL$s dpV$¡ sp¡ kh® ÷uAp¡_¡ îu S>Nv„$bp_y„ õhê$` dp_u_¡ s¡d_p âÐe¡ r_d®m |Äecph pfZ L$fu

fpMhp¡ A¡ S> s¡_u kp^_p_¡ kam L$fhp dpV$¡ Ars AphíeL$ r_ed R>¡.)

(lh¡ s¡ kp^L$_p ApL$j®L$ bm_u ÷uAp¡ D`f L$¡hu Akf \pe R>¡ s¡_y„ rhgnZ hZ®_ L$fsp leN°uh F$rj L$l¡ R>¡ :) S>¡Z¡ S>` L$ep® R>¡ s¡hp kp^L$_p v$i®_ L$fhphpmu ÷u_u p¡su Y$ugu \B Åe A_¡ L$p_p¡_p„ Ly„$X$m X$u Åe.

`fk¡hp_p tbvy$ dyM D`f bpÆ Åe, AÐe„s âurs\u s¡_p„ _¡Óp¡ Q„Qm \B Åe. s¡_p lp\_p„ drZde L„$L$Z Mfu Åe. Qpgu Z _ iL$¡ A_¡ gÄÅ\u _d° \B Åe. s¡_¡ Ap_„v$ \B Åe. L„$v$`® Q„v$_ (A„NfpN) fk¡hp\u Örhs

\B Åe A_¡ A„Nc„rNdp ky„v$f \B Åe. fpNê$ù Aq‚\u bmhp gpN¡. ÅZ¡ L$pdv$¡h_p bpZê$ù Aq‚\u bmsu lp¡e s¡d Sy>A¡ R>¡. DÐL„$W$p\u vy$:Mu \pe, îdS>m (`fk¡hp¡) \B Åe, gÄÅ\u kyL$pB Åe. iug, Års, qfhpf_u gÄÅ, gp¡L$ce, b„ yce, fgp¡L$ce - A¡ kh®_¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ ÷uAp¡ â¡d_u epQ_p L$fhp gpN¡. S„>Ngdp„ lp¡e, _Nfdp„

lp¡e, v$¡hpgedp„ lp¡e, Qpl¡ dW$dp„ lp¡e - ÷uAp¡ s¡_u `pk¡ v$p¡X$u_¡ S>i¡. S>¡d L$dg_p„ a|g D`f `pZu_u L$ZL$p¡ c°dZ L$f¡ s¡hu fus¡ ÷uAp¡_p„ rQÑ cd¡. S>¡hu fus¡ Nfdudp„ dpMZ Ap¡Nmu Åe s¡hu fus¡ s¡_p v$i®_ L$fhphpmp_p„

rQÑ uNmu Åe. kh® rhÛpAp¡_u „qL$sAp¡ s¡_u k¡hp L$f¡. Q„Öd„X$g A_¡ k|e®d„X$g s¡ Ap qÓgp¡L$uê$ù ÷u_p _¡Óp¡ R>¡ s¡ qÓgp¡L$ê$ù ÷u Z s¡_p v$i®_dpÓ\u A_yfpNhpmu \B Åe, sp¡ R>u buÆ ÷uAp¡_y„ sp¡ iy„ L$l¡hy„ ? (Al] S> s¡ kp^L$_p k„ed A_¡ ks¹ QpqfÔe_u L$kp¡V$u R>¡. S>¡ kp^L$ rhÓ d__p¡ b_u fl¡ R>¡ s¡ S> îu S>Nv„$bp_u L©$`p_p¡ pÓ

b_¡ R>¡ A_¡ S>¡ ÷uAp¡ âÐe¡ dp¡lpB Åe R>¡ s¡ s_ pd¡ R>¡. Ap\u S> kpQp kp^L$¡ l„d¡ip kph^p_ rQÑhpmp fl¡hy„ Å¡BA¡.)

111

Ofp¡, i¡fuAp¡dp„, Qp¡fplpAp¡dp„, h_dp„ kh®Ó s¡ kp^L$_u rhÓ L$urs® kv$pe a¡gpB fl¡ R>¡. A¡_p v$i®_\u

`pùAp¡_p„ p` Z _ô$ \B Åe. s¡_p„ NyZ L$rhAp¡ kh® S>ÁepAp¡ Npe R>¡.

Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ f„N, i÷p¡, hpl_ A_¡ Apc|jZp¡ pfZ L$f_pfp dlpv$¡hu_p rhrh^ âL$pf_p õhê$`p¡_y„ Ýep_

L$fhp\u Sy>v$u Sy>v$u rkqÙAp¡ âpá \pe R>¡. (s¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_p pfZp A_¡ Ýep_ L$fhp_u fusp¡_y„ ApNm hZ®_ L$ey¯

R>¡.)

d„Ó_p¡ l¡gp¡ M„X$ (â\d buÅnf) X$p¡gf_p a|g S>¡hp¡ A_¡ Q„Ö S>¡hp¡ ka¡v$ R>¡. s¡_y„ tQs_ d|gp^pf Q¾$dp„

(kp¥\u _uQ¡_p Q¾$dp„) L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡.

d„Ó_p¡ buÅ¡ M„X$ (qÜsue buÅnf) CÞÖNp¡` S>¡hp¡ gpg R>¡ s¡ ùv$e Q¾$dp„ Aq‚ S>¡hp¡ âL$pidp_ \B füp¡

lp¡e s¡hy„ s¡_y„ tQs_ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡.

d„Ó_p¡ ÓuÅ¡ M„X$ (s©sue buÅnf) gpg L$dm_p hÃQ¡_p cpN S>¡hp¡ íepd f„N_p¡ R>¡. ApopQ¾$dp„ s¡_y„

tQs_ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡.

(Al] Ap ÓZ¡e buS>d„Óp¡_¡ Nyá fpMhpdp„ Apìep lp¡hp_y„ S>Zpe R>¡. `f„sy s¡d_p f„N A_¡ s¡d_p„

Ap`Zp k|ÿd ifuf_p Q¾$p¡dp„ õ\p__p hZ®_ D`f\u A¡d S>Zpe R>¡ L$¡ - kp¥\u â\d buS>d„Ó ð¡s hZ®_p¡ -

dlpkfõhsu v$¡hu_p¡ buÅnf lp¡B iL$¡, L$pfZ L$¡ s¡_y„ õ\p_ `Z d|gp^pf Q¾$dp„ bsphhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ L$¡ Äep„

b°ûN„„°r\ A\p®s¹ b°ûpÆ_u k©S>_pÐdL$ iqL$s_p¡ r_hpk R>¡. Ðepfbpv$_p¡ buÅ¡ buS>d„Ó gpg hZ®_p¡ -

dlpgÿduv$¡hu_p¡ buÅnf lp¡e s¡hy„ S>Zpe R>¡ L$pfZ L$¡ s¡_y„ õ\p_ ùv$e Q¾$dp„ bsphhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ L$¡ Äep„

rhóÏN„°r\ A\p®s¹ cNhp_ rhóÏ_u pg_iqL$s_p¡ r_hpk R>¡ A_¡ ÓuÅ¡ buS>d„Ó íepd f„N_p¡ - dlpL$pgu v$¡hu

(`ph®suÆ)_p¡ R>¡, S>¡_y„ õ\p_ ApopQ¾$dp„ A\p®s¹ s©sue _¡Ódp„ bsphhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ L$¡ Äep„ {$ÖN„°r\ A\p®s¹

cNhp_ rih_u ApopiqL$s_p¡ r_hpk R>¡. Apd, Ap ÓZ¡e buS> d„Óp¡ ÓZ v$¡huAp¡_p„ buÅnfp¡ lp¡e iL$¡ s¡hy„

Adpfy„ A_ydp_ R>¡.)

(lh¡ ApNm îu cNhsu_p Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ f„Np¡_p õhê$`p¡_y„ Ýep_ L$fhp_y„ L$l¡hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ s¡_y„ Nyá

ApÝepqÐdL$ flõe A¡ R>¡ L$¡ ep¡N_p ApNm h ¡gp kp^L$p¡_¡ Nl_ Ýep_ v$fçep_ S>¡ k|ÿd s¡S>tbvy$_p v$i®_ \pe R>¡ s¡

S> Ap`Zu A„v$f rhfpS>dp_ dp cNhsu_y„ õhê$` R>¡. rcß rcß „\_p D`pkL$p¡ Ap tbvy$ õhê$`_¡ S> p¡s`p¡sp_p

Cô$v$¡h, L$¡ Cô$v$¡hu_p õhê$` sfuL$¡ tQshu_¡ s¡_y„ Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡. v$f¡L$ k„âv$pe, kp^L$_¡ s¡_p A„sf_p KX$pZdp„

rhfpS>dp_ qv$ìe s¡Å¡tbvy$_p N|Y$ kpnpÐL$pf e¯s lp¢QpX$_pf Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ dpN® dpÓ R>¡. Ýe¡e b^p„_y„ A¡L$ S> R>¡. Ap

s¡Å¡tbvy$ A¡ S> d|gâL©$rs A_¡ kh® iqL$s_p¡ d|m Dv¹Nd s\p k©[ô$_y„ d|gL$pfZ lp¡hp\u Al] s¡_¡ `fd dpsp îu

S>Nv„$bp sfuL$¡ s\p Apqv$irL$s sfuL$¡ hZ®hhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. s¡ qv$ìe s¡Å¡tbv$y_¡ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ f„N_y„ tQshhp\u dmsu

rkqÙAp¡ rhi¡ ApNm L$üy„ R>¡ S>¡dp„ s¡ tbvy$ õhê$`_¡ îu cNhsu sfuL$¡ hrZ®s L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.)

dp¡su S>¡hu, Q„Ödp_u Qp„v$_u S>¡hu cNhsu_u ApL©$rs_y„ Ýep_ dyqL$s (dp¡nâpqá) dpV$¡ R>¡. gpg k„¿ep_p

f„N S>¡hu cNhsu_u ApL©$rs_y„ Ýep_ L$fhp\u hiuL$fZ L$fhp_u iqL$s âpá \pe R>¡.

kh® k„ qÑ_u âpqá dpV$¡ íepdgp cNhsu_y„ tQs_ L$fhy„. gugp f„N_p cNhsu_y„ Ýep_ L$fhp\u Nd¡ s¡_¡

112

d|„Np¡ L$fhp_u (A\p®s¹ hpv$-rhhpv$dp„ rhS>eu \hp_u) rkqÙ dm¡ R>¡. ump f„N_y„ cNhsu_y„ Ýep_ iÓy_¡ õ\„rcs

L$fhp dpV$¡ R>¡.

L$rhsp fQhp_u iqL$s dpV$¡ õaqV$L$ drZ S>¡hp„ cNhsu_y„ Ýep_ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡. _hp_ \hp dpV$¡ kyhZ® S>¡hp

f„N_p cNhsu_y„ Ýep_ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡.

d|gp^pf Q¾$\u gB_¡ dõsL$ kyû gpg dpZ¡L$ A_¡ v$u`L$ S>¡hy„ cNhsu_y„ S>¡ Ýep_ L$f¡ s¡_¡ kh® rkqÙAp¡

âpá \pe.

(lh¡ R>u Ap qv$ìe s¡Å¡tbvy$ õhê$`p dp cNhsu_p v$i®_ L$fhp dpV$¡ ep¡Áe (ky pÓ) L$p¡Z ? A_¡ Aep¡Áe

(Ly$`pÓ) L$p¡_¡ L$l¡hp s¡_p NyZ-v$p¡j, õhcph_y„ hZ®_ ApNm L$ey¯ R>¡.)

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ ANõÐe, Aphu fus¡ bly âL$pf_p c¡v$\u îu cNhsu_y„ S>¡ L$p¡B Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_¡

dlp_ gÿdu (îu, kp¥cpÁe)_u âpqá \pe. ks¹ y{$jp¡_¡ s¡ âpá \pe R>¡. Aks¹ y{$jp¡_¡ s¡ âpá \su _\u.

S>¡Z¡ suh° s` L$ep® R>¡ s¡ S> cNhsu_y„ p¡sp_p ùv$edp„ Ýep_ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡. S>¡ îu cNhsu_y„ Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_p¡

ApNm S>Þd _\u (A\p®s¹ s¡ S>Þd-dfZ_p Q¾$dp„\u R|>V$u Åe R>¡) A_¡ cNhp_ i„L$f kdp_ op_ k„`ß \B

Åe R>¡ f„sy A„s:L$fZ_u iyqÙ Äep„ kyû _ \pe Ðep„ kyû blpf\u Nd¡ s¡V$gu dp¡V$pB d¡mhu lp¡e sp¡ Z grgsp

Açbp_u rhÛp s¡_¡ âpá \su _\u.

S>¡ L$p¡B_p h„idp„ Ap d„Ó Aph¡ s¡ h„idp„ kh® dyL$s A_¡ s©á \B Åe R>¡ s¡dp„ k„ie _\u. Nyá\u Nyá (Ap

S> flõe R>¡ s¡hp¡) kh£ ip÷p¡_p¡ r_òe R>¡. kh® h¡v$ipõÓp¡ îu grgsp Açbp_u õsyrs L$f¡ R>¡. Ap S> fdpÐdp R>¡

A_¡ Ap S> fdNrs R>¡. (cNhv¹$ Nuspdp„ S>¡_¡ fd^pd, qv$ìe Anf y{$j, AÏ\ue¡ k|ÿd ArQÞÐe fdsÒh

sfuL$¡ hrZ®s L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ s¡ Ap S> s¡Å¡tbvy$_y„ hZ®_ R>¡.) Ap S> (`rhÓ L$f_pfy„) dlp_ su\® R>¡. Ap S>

(kh® kp^_pAp¡ A_¡ kÐL$dp£_y„) dlp_ am R>¡.

îu cNhsu_y„ dyr_Ap¡ Np_ L$f¡ R>¡. k_L$pqv$ dyr_Ap¡ Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡. b°ûp Apqv$ kh®, rkqÙ v$¡hphpmp dp

grgsp Açbp_u |Å L$f¡ R>¡.

(lh¡ îu cNhsu_p v$i®_ dpV$¡ Ly$`pÓ_y„ hZ®_ L$f¡ R>¡.) Mp¡V$p QpqfÔehpmp_¡ âpá \sp„ _\u. _uQ y{$jp¡_¡

âpá \sp„ _\u. Ly$qV$g y{$jp¡_¡ âpá \sp„ _\u. h¡v$\u S>¡ blpf R>¡ (A\p®s¹ h¡v$p¡_y„ S>¡ kÞdp_ _\u L$fsp„) s¡_¡ âpá

_\u \sp„. S>¡ sL®$ L$fhphpmp R>¡ s¡_¡ âpá _\u \sp„. c°p„s byqÙhpmp_¡ âpá _\u \sp„.

S>¡_y„ iug c°ô$ \B Ney„ R>¡ s¡_¡ âpá _\u \sp„. S>¡ Mp¡V$p R>¡, Ly$g c°ô$ R>¡, S>¡ L$W$p¡f R>¡ A_¡ v$i®_ip÷_p¡ Ü¡j

L$f¡ R>¡, p`pQpfu R>¡ A_¡ kv$pQpf_u S>¡ t_v$p L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ âpá _\u \sp„. S>¡ DÝ^s R>¡, S>¡ bL$hpk L$fhphpmp R>¡,

S>¡ v„$cu R>¡, S>¡ Ars Arcdp_u R>¡, A¡hp d_yóep¡_¡ A_¡ v$¡hspAp¡_¡ Z cNhsu_p v$i®_ \sp„ _\u.

v$¡hspAp¡ Üpfp |rS>s dp grgsp A„bpÆ c„X$pkyf v$¥Ðe_p h^ dpV$¡ rQv$¹ Aq‚dp„\u âNV$ \ep. dp qÓ`yf

ky„v$fu_u d|rs® âL$pris R>¡. rh^psp (b°ûpÆ)A¡ "L$pdpnu' _pd\u dp grgsp Açbp_y„ |S>_ L$ey¯ R>¡. (s¡_y„ L$\_ lh¡

`R>u L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.)

113

`fd cqL$s\u dp grgsp Açbp_y„ Ýep_ L$fhy„ S>p¡BA¡. cNhp_ kv$prih_p d__¡ gpg_ L$f¡ s¡_y„ _pd

"grgsp'. (grgsp A¡V$g¡ "`fd ky„v$f' A¡hp¡ `Z A¡L$ A\® \pe R>¡. ApÝepqÐdL$ flõe_u ×[ô$A¡ Arh_piu

ApÐdõhê$` A¡ S> fd qv$ìe, fd ky„v$f R>¡ s¡_¡ kÐed¹ rihd¹ ky„v$fd¹ A_¡ ks¹ rQs¹ Ap_„v$ õhê$` L$ü„y R>¡. s¡ qv$ìe

s¡Å¡tbvy$ S>¡hy„ ky„v$f Ap _ðf S>Nsdp„ L„$B S> _\u dpV$¡ S> îu cNhsu_¡ fd ky„v$f "grgs' õhê$`hpmp L$l¡hpdp„

Apìep R>¡. hmu, S>Nsdp„ S>¡ L„$B kp¥Þv$e® _S>f¡ X$¡ R>¡ s¡ Z Ap kp¥Þv$e®_p d|m ÷p¡sê$` ApÐdÄep¡rs_u lpS>fu

lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ S> R>¡ ApÐdp_u kp\¡_p¡ k„`L®$ nuZ \B Åe sp¡ v$¡l Z S>fp, ìepr^ A_¡ R>¡hV$¡ d©Ðey_¡ âpá \B Åe

R>¡ Ap\u ifuf_¡ ky„v$f A_¡ eyhp_ b_phu fpMhp dpV$¡ kp¥Þv$e®_p d|m Dv$¹Ndê$` fd ky„v$f s¡S>õhu ApÐdõhê$ _y„

h^ydp„ h^y kde Ýep_ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡ s¡hp¡ rkÙ ep¡Nu dlpÐdpAp¡_p¡ ds R>¡. Ap_¡ S> blpf\u h©qÑAp¡_¡ A„v$f sfa

M¢Qu (âÐeplpf Üpfp) "ApÐdp_yk„^p_' L$fhy„ A¡d L$l¡hpe R>¡.)

âL$fZ - 29

kpê$àe dyqL$s

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : A_pqv$, A_„s, AìeL$s, ìeL$s s¡_y„ Apqv$ L$pfZê$` R>¡. Ap_„v$, op_, A¡L$fkê$`,

drldphp_ A¡hp s¡ dlp_ s¡S>_¡ Ad¡ dp_uA¡ R>uA¡.

l¡ leN°uh F$rj ! l¡ dlpbyqÙdp_, h¡v$h¡v$p„sp¡_¡ ÅZhphpmpdp„ î¡›$, grgsp Açbp_y„ dlp`yÎede

Ap¿ep_ d¢ kp„cýey„. S>¡ qÓ`yfpv$¡hu kh®î¡›$ v$¡hsp R>¡ s¡ kh£\u |rS>s R>¡ s¡d sd¡ L$üy„. Qpf lp\dp„ pi, A„Ly$i,

^_yj A_¡ bpZ - A¡hu fus¡ S>¡d_u cyÅAp¡ ip¡cpedp_ R>¡, s¡ îu grgsp Açbp_p¡ d„Ó sd¡ L$üp¡. kh£ Q¾$p¡dp„

c|jZê$` îuQ¾$ rhi¡ Z sd¡ L$üy„. _h AphfZhpmp îu`yf_u Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hsp S>¡ fd¡ðfu R>¡. s¡d_p rhi¡ Z

sd¡ L$üy„. lh¡ ©Õhud„X$m_p c|jZê$` S>¡ L$p„Qu`yfu R>¡ s¡dp„ S>¡ L$ëepZ L$f_pfp L$pdpnuv$¡hu rhfpS>dp_ R>¡ s¡d_p

rhi¡ Ad_¡ L$l¡hp L©$`p L$fp¡. s¡ L$pdpnuv$¡hu b¡ cyÅhpmp, rhrh^ âL$pf_u ip¡cp\u ip¡cpedp_ ifufhpmp A_¡ fd

Äep¡rs õhê$`p R>¡ s¡Ap¡ kh®\u î¡›$ ê$` hpmp R>¡. Aphy„ kp¥v$e® L$ep„e buS>¡ Å¡ey„ _\u Ap\u s¡ qv$ìe v$¡hudpsp rhi¡ h^y

ÅZhp_u CÃR>p \pe R>¡.

kysÆ bp¡ëep : ANõÐe F$rjA¡ Aphu fus¡ |R>ey„ Ðepf¡ fd Ap_„v$\u leN°uhÆ_p _¡Ó âkß \ep. fd

s¡S> ê$` dlp cNhsu_y„ Ýep_ L$fu A_¡ d_\u îu cNhsu_¡ _dõL$pf L$fu dlpd_hpmp leN°uh F$rjA¡ ANõÐe

F$rj_¡ flõe L$l¡hp_p¡ Apf„c L$ep£.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : flõe L$ly„ Ry„> l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, sd¡ lh¡ s¡ kp„cmp¡. S>¡ k©[ô$_y„ d|m Apqv$L$pfZ R>¡

s¡_y„ sÒhtQsL$p¡ Ap fus¡ hZ®_ L$f¡ R>¡ :- s¡ sÒh kh®\u Apqv$ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p\u Apqv$ (`|h£) buSy„> L$p¡B _\u. s¡ rQÑ

(Q¡s_ kÑp, AqõsÒh_y„ kpsÐe)_y„ õhê$` R>¡. s¡_p kdp_ buSy„> L$p¡B _\u. s¡ A_pqv$ A_„sê$` R>¡. s¡

Apqv$L$pfZdp„\u S> b¡ cyÅhpmu v$¡hu âNV$ \B. S>dZp lp\dp„ ep¡NdyÖp A_¡ X$pbp lp\dp„ yõsL$ pfZ L$f¡g

R>¡. s¡ v$¡hu_y„ õhê$` bfa S>¡hy„, X$p¡gf S>¡hy„, Q„Ö S>¡hy„, dp¡su S>¡hy„ iyc° R>¡. (Apd v$¡hu_y„ â\d õhê$` s¡ d|g Apqv$

114

L$pfZê$` rQqsiqL$s A_¡ buSy„> õhê$` s¡ qÜcyS> iyc° hg v$¡huê$` A¡d b¡ õhê$` \ep) lh¡ Ap buÅ õhê$`dp„\u

`fpÐ`f A¡hy„ ÓuSy„> õhê$` âL$V$ \ey„. s¡ õhê$` k|ep£v$e kde_p gpg k|e® S>¡hy„ A_¡ lÅfp¡ k|ep£ S>¡hy„ âL$pris R>¡. kh®

Apc|jZp¡ ^pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡ A_¡ S>dZp lp\dp„ L$dm ^pfZ L$f¡gy„ R>¡. X$pbp¡ lp\ ku^p¡ fpM¡gp¡ R>¡. A_¡ kp\m

ès lp¢Q¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡dZ¡¡ dõsL$ D`f A ® Q„Ö ApL$pf_p¡ dyNV$ pfZ L$f¡gp¡ R>¡. s¡ fp A„bp cNhsu R>¡.

`fp A„bp_y„ Ap ÓuSy„> õhê$ R>¡ s¡ `R>u Qsycy®Åhpmp v$¡hu õhê$`¡ âL$V$ \pe R>¡. `pi, A„Ly$i, i¡fX$u_y„

^_yj A_¡ A¡L$ lp\dp„ p„Q yó`bpZ pfZ L$ep® R>¡. v$¡hu_y„ Ap Qp¡\y„ õhê$` R>¡ s¡ S> dp grgsp Açbp R>¡. s¡Ap¡ S>

L$p„Qu`yfudp„ L$pdpnuê$`\u âNV$ \ep. kfõhsu, fdp (gÿduÆ) s\p Np¥fu (`ph®suÆ) s¡ ApÛiqL$s_u D`pk_p

L$f¡ R>¡.

L$piu A_¡ L$p„Qu`yfu A¡ b„_¡ _NfuAp¡ dlpv$¡h_p b¡ _¡Ó kdp_ R>¡ A\p®s¹ Ap b„_¡ _NfuAp¡ dlp`rhÓ

A_¡ dp¡nv$pre_u lp¡hp\u dlpv$¡h_¡ AÐe„s râe R>¡. Ap b„_¡ n¡Ó cNhp_ rhóÏ A_¡ cNhp_ rih_u kdu`sp_p

L$pfZê$` R>¡ (A\p®s¹ Al] kp^_p, D`pk_p L$fhp\u cNhp_ rhóÏ A_¡ cNhp_ rih âkß \B_¡ s¡ cL$s_¡

`p¡sp_p pddp„ p¡sp_y„ kpduàe Ap`¡ R>¡.)

L$p¡B A¡L$ kde¡ kh®gp¡L$_p r`sp b°ûpÆA¡ s¡ L$p„Qu _Nfudp„ îuv$¡hu_p v$i®_ L$fhp dpV$¡ M|b S> L$W$u_ s`

L$ey¯. l¡ dyr_ ANõÐe ! s¡dZ¡ (b°ûpÆA¡) h°s pfZ L$fu_¡ v$¡hu_y„ S> Ýep_ L$ey¯.

b°ûpÆ_p L$W$p¡f s`\u âkß \B_¡ îuv$¡hu (îu grgsp A„bp) âNV$ \ep. s¡d_p lp\dp„ L$dm lsy„ A_¡

s¡Ap¡ L$dm_p Apk_ D`f rhfpS>dp_ lsp„. s¡Ap¡ k„`|Z® i©„Npf\u k„ ß lsp„ s\p kh£ Apc|jZp¡\u ip¡cpedp_

lsp„. s¡ cNhsu_y„ _pd tklpk_¡ðfu R>¡ S>¡ kh® gp¡L$_u fnp L$fhp kd\® R>¡. s¡Ap¡ fd Äep¡rsde lp¡hp\u s¡d_¡

`fpv$¡hu Z L$l¡ R>¡ A_¡ AÐe„s ky„v$f lp¡hp\u s¡d_y„ A¡L$ _pd Apqv$gÿdu Z R>¡. s¡Ap¡ kh®_p ùv$edp„ rhfpS>dp_

lp¡hp\u s¡d_¡ qÓ`yfp L$l¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ qÓv$¡hp¡ (b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i)_u Z dpsp R>¡ A_¡ s¡\u L$pdpnu _pd\u ârkÙ

R>¡. (A\p®s¹ L$+Ap+d A¡V$g¡ b°ûp, rhóÏ A_¡ dl¡i S>¡d_p„ An A¡V$g¡ L$¡ _¡Óp¡_p s¡S>dp„\u âNV$ \ep R>¡ s¡

v$¡hu_¡ "L$pdpnu' L$üp R>¡. L$pdpnu _pd_p buÅ Z OZp ky„v$f A\® \pe R>¡ s¡ ApNm L$l¡hpdp„ Aphi¡.)

Ap fd v$¡huA¡ b°ûpÆ_¡ v$i®_ Apàep Ðepf¡ s¡d_u kp\¡ rhóÏ cNhp_¡ Z âNV$ \B_¡ b°ûpÆ_¡ v$i®_

Apàep. |Z® cqL$s Üpfp b°ûpÆA¡ s¡d_u õsyrs L$fu.

b°ûpÆ bp¡ëep : l¡ S>Ns dpsp v$¡hu, sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡ ! l¡ qÓ`yf ky„v$fu sdpfu S>e lp¡ ! S>¡ rhóÏ

cNhp__u kp\¡ S> âNV$ \ep s¡hp l¡ îuv$¡hu, kh®_y„ d„Nm L$fhphpmp sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡ !

l¡ L©$`p_p kpNf sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡, l¡ L$ê$Zp_p kpNf sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡, l¡ i©„Npf_p Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hu sdpfp¡ S>e

lp¡, S>e lp¡, S>e lp¡. l¡ rkÙp¡_p Cðfu, ep¡NuAp¡_p¡ CÞÖ sdpfu h„v$_p L$f¡ R>¡ A¡hp l¡ v$¡hu sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡.

l¡ S>Nv„$bp sdpfy„ õhê$` r_Ðe lp¡hp\u sd¡ r_Ðeê$`p R>p¡. sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡, S>e lp¡, S>e lp¡, S>¡ _d¡ R>¡ s¡_¡

kyM v$¡hphpmp sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡, S>e lp¡, l¡ ph®suê$`p sdpfp¡ S>e lp¡, S>e lp¡, l¡ L$pd¡ðf i„L$f_p A^p¯rN_u sdpfp¡

S>e lp¡, S>e lp¡.

S>Ns_u "DÐ`qÑ', "rõ\rs', "rh_pi', Æhp¡_y„ õ\mp„sf (âepZ) A\hp AÞeÓ S>Þd pfZ L$fhp¡ s¡

115

"rsfp¡^p_' A_¡ S>Þd dfZ_p Q¾$dp„\u dyqL$s Apù_¡ p¡sp_u kdu`sp Ap`hu s¡ "A_yN°l' - Ap p„Q âL$pf_p

L$pep£ S>¡ p¡sp_p k„L$ë`dpÓ\u hpf„hpf L$f¡ R>¡ s¡hp dlpv$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

S>¡ hZp®îd_y„ `pg_ L$f_pfp kÄS>_ d_yóep¡ R>¡, A¡dp„ k„L$V$ L$fhphpmp `pùS>_ R>¡ s¡_p¡ _pi

L$fhphpmp v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

ApNd, ipõÓ, h¡v$ A_¡ ep¡NuAp¡ Üpfp Z S>¡_p¡ A`pf dqldp ÅZu iL$psp¡ _\u, S>¡ p¡sp_p dqldp_¡

`p¡s¡ S> ÅZu iL$hp kd\® R>¡ A¡hp dlpv$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf, _dõL$pf.

D`r_jv$p¡, h¡v$p„s s\p sÒhh¡Ñp dy_uðfp¡ S>¡_¡ fb°û L$l¡ R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

kh®_p ùv$edp„ fl¡ R>¡ R>sp„ Z L$p¡B s¡_¡ v$¡Mu iL$sy„ _\u. S>¡ k|ÿd rhop_ê$ù R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡,

_dõL$pf lp¡.

b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i, Cðf, kv$prih S>¡_y„ kv$p Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

QpfZ cL$sp¡ A_¡ CÞÖ Apqv$ v$¡hspAp¡ S>¡d_u Apop_¡ ^pfZ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡hu kpd°pou v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡,

_dõL$pf lp¡.

S>¡ v$¡hu_p h¡v$p¡ ðpkê$` R>¡, S>¡_p L$¡hm Ap„M EOpX$sp„ S> p„Q c|s âNV$ \B Åe R>¡. \p¡¡X$u dyíL$p_\u

AQf Qf \B rhð ¡v$p \B p¡s`p¡sp_y„ L$pd L$fhp dp„X$¡ R>¡, s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

S>¡_u Apop\u lÅf a¡Zhpmp¡ i¡j_pN S>¡ ©Õhu_¡ pfZ L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡ ©Õhu kh® Æhp¡_p Ap^pfê$` R>¡ s¡

v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

S>¡_u Apop\u Aq‚ v$l_ L$fhp_y„ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡_u Apop\u hpey Qpg¡ R>¡. _¡ S>¡_u Apop\u k|e® s ¡ R>¡,

S>¡ op_ iqL$sê$` R>¡ s¡hu v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

`Quk sÒh, dpep_p p„Q L$p¡j A¡ S>¡_y„ ê$` R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡. rih, iqL$s, Cðf A_¡

kv$¹bp¡^ê$` S>¡ kv$prih R>¡ S>¡_p âNV$ \hp_p c¡v$ R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

Ny{$, d„Ó, v$¡hsp s\p p„Q âpZ S>¡ Q¡s_ê$` R>¡ s¡dp„ rhfpS>dp_ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

kh®_u A„v$f A„sep®duê$ ¡ fl¡gu s\p fd Ap_„v$ õhê$` v$¡hu L$¡ S>¡d_y„ _pd qÓrhÛp R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf

lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

kh® v$i®_ip÷ S>¡_p A„Nê$` R>¡. v$i®_ip÷_p S>¡ S>¡ r_ed R>¡ s¡ S> s¡_y„ ê$` R>¡. S>¡_¡ byqÙdp_ Aphu fus¡

ÅZ¡ R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

S>¡ kh® gp¡L$p¡dp„ d„Ó, drZ, Ap¥j^ê$` R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

v$¡i, L$pm, v$p\®ê$` S>¡ hõsy S>¡hu R>¡ s¡hu âsurs S>¡d_u L©$`p\u \pe R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

S>¡hp¡ fpnk bmhp_ lp¡e s¡hy„ S> bmhp_ ê$` cNhsu pfZ L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡_p„ NyZ L$ëepZ L$fhphpmp R>¡,

k„kpf\u f R>¡ s¡ v$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf lp¡, _dõL$pf lp¡.

116

gp¡L$r`spdl b°ûpÆA¡ Aphu fus¡ dlpv$¡hu_u õsyrs L$fu, hpf„hpf _dõL$pf L$fu A¡L$v$d ifZpNs \B

Nep„.

b°ûpÆ_u _d°sp Å¡B_¡ s¡ v$¡hu âkß \B Nep„. kh® gp¡L$p¡_¡ hfv$p_ v$¡hphpmp v$¡huA¡ b°ûpÆ_¡ L$üy„ L$¡

hfv$p_ dpNp¡.

b°ûpÆ bp¡ëep : l¡ cNhsu sdpfp„ v$i®_\u, sdpfu cqL$s\u ly„ L©$sp\® \B Nep¡ Ry„> s¡dp„ k„ie _\u R>sp„

`Z gp¡L$p¡ D`f A_yN°l L$fhp dpV$¡ ly„ âp\®_p L$fy„ Ry„>. ApS>¡ cpfshj® L$d®c|rd R>¡, A¡dp„ d_yóe d|Y$ \B Nep R>¡. s¡

gp¡L$p¡ D`f A_yN°l L$fhp dpV$¡ kv$pe sd¡ Al] rhfpS>dp_ flp¡.

cNhsuA¡ L$ü„y : s¡d S> \i¡, A¡d L$lu b°ûpÆ_u CÃR>p |fu L$fu. b°ûpÆA¡ L$p„Qu`yfudp„ v$¡hu_y„

r_hpkõ\p_ b_pìey„. îuv$¡hu_p cpB L$dm_¡Ó AÃeys cNhp__¡ Apv$f`|h®L$ b°ûpÆA¡ ¼üy„ L$¡ sd¡ L$p„Qu _Nfudp„

flp¡. Ðepf¡ S>_pv®$_ cNhp_ bp¡ëep L$¡ ly„ s¡dS> L$fui. R>u âkß \B_¡ b°ûpÆA¡ cNhsu_¡ L$ü„y : sdpfu âurs

dpV$¡ rihÆ `Z Al] r_hpk L$f¡. qÓ yfp cNhsuA¡ b°ûpÆ_u âp\®_p kp„cmu A_¡ s¡d_p S>dZp A„Ndp„\u

`fL$pd¡ðf Ðep„ âNV$ \B Nep. s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p k„L$ë`\u `p¡sp_y„ buSy„> õhê$ L$¡ S>¡ kh® rhÛpAp¡_p dprgL$, kh®

Æhp¡_p Cðf R>¡ s¡hp kpnps¹ i©„Npf_peL$ dlpv$¡h_¡ âNV$ L$ep®.

Ðepf R>u îu L$pdpnu_p cph_¡Ó_p L$V$pn\u A¡L$ M|b S> Np¡fu A_¡ dlpDÄS>hm L$Þep âNV$ \B. kh®

i©„Npf\u eyL$s, dlpky„v$fsp_p MÅ_pê$ Np¥fu v$¡hu, L$pdpnu_p cph_¡Ódp„\u âNV$ \ep„. S>_pv®$_ rhóÏ cNhp_¡

b°ûpÆ_u kp\¡ Apv$f |h®L$ s¡ Apqv$ ÷u-`yê$j, Np¥fuv$¡hu A_¡ dlpv$¡h_y„ L$ëepZ L$ey¯ (A\p®s¹ s¡d_p rhhpl

L$fpìep.)

CÞÖ Apqv$ v$¡hp¡, hky, {$Ö Apqv$ v$¡hsp, dpL®$ÞX$ Apqv$ dyr_NZ, hrk›$ Apqv$ dy_uðf, ep¡NuÞÖp¡,

k_L$pqv$, _pfv$ Apqv$ v$¡hrj®, hpdv$¡h Apqv$, ÆhÞdyL$s iyL$v$¡h Apqv$, en, qL$ßf, Np„^h®, [kÙ, rhÛp^fp¡,

i¡j_pN Apqv$. NZp¡_p AN°NÎe dlpipõsp, vy$Np® Apqv$ dps©NZ - S>¡V$gp„ v$¡hsp R>¡ s¡V$gp„ kh£A¡ fd¡ðfu_¡ b¡

lp\ Å¡X$u_¡ h„v$_ L$ep¯. cNhsu s¡d_p rhdp_dp„ cÖApk_dp„ b¡W$p lsp„. b°ûpÆA¡ _Nf_u hÃQ¡ cNhsu_y„

AÐe„s d_p¡lf d„qv$f b_pìey„.

îudp_ hpkyv$¡h cpBA¡ dlpv$¡h_¡ `p¡sp_u bl¡_ Np¥fu A`®Z L$fu. v$¡hspAp¡_p„ _Npfp„ vy„$vy$rc_pv$ \hp

gpÁep¡ kp\¡ a|gp¡_u hjp® \B. s¡ S>Ns_p„ dpspr`sp_y„ d„Ng prZN°lZ \ey„. lÅf Æc lp¡e sp¡ Z s¡_y„ hZ®_ _

\C iL$¡.

cNhsu_p d„qv$f\u hpeyL$p¡Zdp„ b°ûpÆA¡ dlpv$¡hÆ dpV$¡ A¡L$ cyh_î¡›$ d„qv$f b_pìey„. cNhsu_p

d„qv$f\u Aq‚L$p¡Zdp„ b°ûpÆA¡ rhóÏ cNhp__y„ rhrQÓ d„qv$f b_pìey„. Aphu fus¡ ÓZ¡ v$¡hspAp¡ Ðep„ rhfpS>dp_

R>¡. v$¡hspAp¡_u âv$rnZp L$fu dlpv$¡hÆ `p¡sp_p d„X$`dp„ b¡W$p, A¡ kde¡ b°ûpÆ A_¡ S>_pv®$_ cNhp_¡ kh®

v$¡hspAp¡_u kcp_u hQdp„ e\prhr^\u h¥qv$L$ d„Ó\u k„õL$pf L$ep£.

kh®_p S>¡ Apqv$ gÿdu R>¡ s¡dZ¡ kh®_u kpd¡ b°ûpÆ_¡ S>dZp _¡Ó\u A_¡ X$pbp _¡Ó\u Å¡ep. "L$p' _pd

hpZu_y„ R>¡. "dp' _pd L$dgp_y„ R>¡. S>¡hu fus¡ p„S>fpdp„\u b¡ nu _uL$m¡ s¡hu fus¡ s¡S>_p y„S>ê$` s¡ bß¡ v$¡huAp¡

117

(kfõhsuÆ A_¡ gÿduÆ) L$pdpnu v$¡hu_p bß¡ _¡Óp¡dp„\u âNV$ \ep (Ap Z L$p+dp+Anu_p¡ A¡L$ A\® R>¡.)

L$pdpnuv$¡hu_¡ s¡ bß¡ v$¡huAp¡ (gÿduÆ A_¡ kfõhsuÆ)A¡ `p¡sp_p bß¡ lp\ dõsL$ D`f fpMu_¡ S>e

L$pdpnu, S>e L$pdpnu L$lu âZpd L$ep®. N„Np, S>d_p d|rs®dp_ âNV$ \B. s¡d_u kp\¡ s¡d_u k¡hp L$fsp„ kpX$p ÓZ

L$fp¡X$ su\p£_p„ v$¡hspAp¡ Ðep„ Apìep. R>u lp\dp„ Qpdf gB_¡ kfõhsu v$¡hu A_¡ gÿduv$¡hu cNhsu_¡ Qpdf L$fhp

gpÁep. AÐe„s qL„$dsu fÐ_p¡de L„$v$p¡fp¡ A_¡ lp\dp„ L„$L$Z s¡ ÓZ¡ v$¡huAp¡A¡ l¡ep¯ R>¡.

Apqv$ îu cNhsu_p _¡Ó\u kfõhsuÆ A_¡ gÿduÆ âNV$ \ep s¡ Å¡B_¡ kh®gp¡L$ AQfS> `pçep. s¡

qv$hk\u dp grgsp Açbp_y„ _pd "L$pdpnu' \B Ney„. s¡ _pd_p DÃQpfZdpÓ\u îuv$¡hu L$ëepZ L$f¡ R>¡. L$pdpnu

_pd_p ÓZ Anfp¡ kh®d„Nm_y„ L$pfZ R>¡. S>Nv$uðfu cNhsuA¡ kfõhsuv$¡hu_¡ L$ü„y L$¡ sd¡ h¡v$ h¡v$p„N_p pf„Ns

S>¡ Ap b°ûv$¡h R>¡ s¡d_pdp„ r_hpk L$fp¡. cNhsu_u Apop \sp„ S> hpZuîuA¡ p¡sp_y„ Qpdf N„NpÆ_¡ Apù v$u^y„.

kh® v$¡hspAp¡_p v$¡Msp v$¡Msp b°ûpÆ_p dyMdp„ kfõhsuv$¡huA¡ âh¡i L$ep£ (A_¡ b°ûpÆ_u Æø¹hpdp„

kfõhsuÆA¡ r_hpk L$ep£.)

CqÞv$fp (gÿduÆ)_¡ dp cNhsu Apqv$gÿduA¡ k„sp¡j`|h®L$ Apop L$fu s¡\u s¡ gÿduv$¡hu rhóÏ cNhp__p

hnõ\gdp„ r_hpk L$fhp sÐ`f \ep. îu rhóÏ A_¡ gÿduv$¡huA¡ cqL$s`|h®L$ dp cNhsu_u Apop dõsL$ D`f

QX$phu. R>u dp qÓ`yf ky„v$fu_¡ bß¡ (îu rhóÏ A_¡ gÿduÆ) A¡ âZpd L$fu âp\®_p L$fu L$¡ Ad¡ sdpfp AphfZ_p

v$¡hsp \CA¡. qÓ`yf ky„v$fuA¡ L$ü„y : s¡d S> \i¡. Ap\u rhóÏ cNhp_ A_¡ gÿduv$¡hu s¡d_p AphfZ v$¡hsp \B

Nep.

cNhsu_u X$pbu bpSy> gÿdu A_¡ S>dZu bpSy> rhóÏ cNhp_ qõ\s \ep. dlpNp¥fu_¡ cNhsuA¡ ¼üy„ L$¡

sy„ buSy„> ê$` ^pfZ L$f. s¡\u dlpNp¥fudp„\u A¡L$ ky„v$f ârstbb âNV$ \ey„. (Ap ârstbb L$pdpnu v$¡hu sfuL$¡

L$p„Qu`yfudp„ L$pedu r_hpk L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ d|m cNhsu îu`yf S>sp„ fl¡ R>¡. s¡_u L$\p lh¡ ApNm L$l¡hpi¡. dlpNp¥fuA¡

âNV$ L$f¡gp ârstbb õhê$`_y„ hZ®_ L$fsp„ leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep :)

qv$ìev$¡l\u âL$pidp_ s¡ ârstbb_u ApL©$rs dlpNp¥fu_u kdp_ S> lsu. gpg L$dm_p a|g\u Z AÐe„s

ky„v$f s¡d_p b¡ QfZ lsp„. S>¡d susf_p¡ AhpS> \pe s¡d s¡d_p QfZ_p _y`|f A_¡ lp\_p L„$L$Zdp„\u Ýhr_

k„cmpC füp¡ lsp¡. s¡d_p¡ drZd¡Mgp_p¡ L„$v$p¡fp¡ L$qV$dp„ ip¡cpedp_ \B füp¡ lsp¡. fÐ__p L„$L$Z A_¡ bpSy>b„^\u

bß¡ cyÅAp¡ kyip¡rcs R>¡. dp¡su, h¥Xy$e®, dpZ¡L$_y„ L$qV$ h÷ l¡ey¯ R>¡. ky„v$f ifuf R>¡. ¡V$ D`f ÓZ hgep¡ ip¡cu füp„

R>¡. N„NpÆdp„ S>¡d cdfu \pe R>¡ s¡hu _prc R>¡ A_¡ ÓZ hgep¡ N„Np_u gl¡fp¡ S>¡hp ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. Mk, L$`|f

A_¡ Ly$dLy$d\u ùv$e ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. R>psu D`f S>¡ h÷ l¡ey¯ R>¡ s¡ dp¡suAp¡_p Ag„L$pf\u kyip¡rcs R>¡. L$qV$v$¡idp„

A¡L$ fÐ__y„ a|„dLy„$ ip¡cu füy„ R>¡. s¡dp„ dpZ¡L$_p Vy$L$X$p A_¡ h]V$uAp¡ gNpX$¡gu R>¡.

S>dZp lp\dp„ ky„v$f L$dm ip¡cu füy„ R>¡. qv$ìe L$ë`h©n L$v$çb_p a|gp¡_u dpmp `N kyû `l¡f¡gu R>¡.

âL$pidp_ Apc|jZp¡ A_¡ h÷p¡ ^pfZ L$f¡gp„ R>¡ s¡_p\u v$i¡ qv$ipAp¡ âL$pris \B flu R>¡. s ¡gp kp¡_pdp„ fÐ_p¡

gpN¡gp„ lp¡e A¡hy„ Nmpdp„ X$p¡qL$ey„ l¡ey¯ R>¡.

Nmpdp„ fÐ_p¡_y„ S>¡ gpg d„Ngk|Ó l¡ey¯ R>¡ s¡_p âL$pi\u cNhsu_p Mcp gpg âL$piu füp„ R>¡. L$p_dp„

118

dpZ¡L$_p byV$uep `l¡ep¯ R>¡. Åkyv$_p a|g S>¡hp„ A_¡ âhpg S>¡hp ky„v$f lp¡W$ ip¡cu füp R>¡. v$pX$d_p v$pZp S>¡hu

v$p„sp¡_u „qL$s ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. s¡ v$¡hu d„v$ d„v$ qõds L$fu füp R>¡. s¡d_p Npg L$dm_p a|g S>¡hp L$p¡dm R>¡. _pL$dp„

D`dpfrls d_p¡lf drZ l¡f¡gy„ R>¡. sg_p a|g S>¡hu s¡d_u KQu _prkL$p R>¡. _ugL$dg S>¡hp„ A^® M|g¡gp„ _¡Ó R>¡.

L$pdv$¡h_p a|gp¡_p _yóe S>¡hu hZp„L$hpmu ky„v$f c°dfp¡ R>¡. dõsL$ f A^® Q„Ödp ip¡cu füp¡ R>¡. |Z® Q„Ödp S>¡hy„

dyM ip¡cu fü„y R>¡. OpVy„$ L$õsyfu_y„ rsgL$ DÄS>hm dõsL$dp„ ip¡cu füy„ R>¡. dshpgp cdfp S>¡hu s¡_u AgL$phgu

R>¡. A_¡ L$dm S>¡hy„ dyM R>¡. pqfÅs_p a|gp¡_u h¡Zu _pMu R>¡. dõsL$ f_p dyNV$dp„ AZdp¡g fÐ_p¡ cf¡gp„ R>¡.

k„`|Z® ky„v$fsp_u hõsu A¡L$ S> S>ÁepA¡ c¡Nu \C lp¡e s¡hy„ S>Zpe R>¡. Ðep„ fl¡hphpmp kh® dlpS>_p¡A¡

v$¡hu_p tbb A_¡ ârstbb A¡L$ S> R>¡ s¡d ÅÎey„.

îudlpNp¥fuA¡ âNV$ L$f¡gp Ap ârstbb õhê$`dp„ cNhsu îu grgsp AçbpÆA¡ õhs„Óê$`\u âh¡i

L$ep£. (A\p®s¹ buÅ ê$`\u âh¡i L$ep£.)

kh® v$¡hspAp¡_p v$¡Msp„ v$¡Msp„ cNhsuA¡ ârstbbdp„ âh¡i L$ep£ s¡ Å¡B_¡ îurhÛpA¡ âp\®_p L$fu : l¡ |Z®

b°û, l¡ dlpiqL$s, l¡ dp qÓ`yf ky„v$fu, sd¡ "L$pdpnu' _pd\u ârkÙ R>p¡. sdp¡_¡ r_Ðe r_Ðe _dõL$pf lp¡, ly„ sd_¡

âp\®_p L$fy„ Ry„> s¡ dpfu âp\®_p sd¡ kp„cmp¡ : l¡ îuv$¡hu, r_Ðe L$ëepZu dp, k„kpf_u kd©qÙ dpV$¡ A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_p

L$ëepZ dpV$¡ Al] dlpNp¥fu A_¡ dlpv$¡h_p¡ v$f hj£ rhhpl dlp¡Ðkh \pe A_¡ Ap c|gp¡L$_u d|Y$ S>_sp Ap

rhhpl_¡ Å¡B_¡ v$i®_ L$fu fdNrs_¡ âpá \pe (A¡hy„ hfv$p_ Ap`hp L©$`p L$fp¡.)

"A¡d S> \i¡' s¡d îuv$¡huA¡ ApL$pihpZu\u S>hpb Apàep¡ (A¡ R>u îuv$¡huÆ_y„ s¡ d|g õhê$` îu^pddp„

S>sy„ füy„) `R>u S>¡ Ðep„ Apìep lsp„ s¡Ap¡ dlpv$¡hu_¡ _dõL$pf L$fsp„ L$fsp„ `p¡sp_p Of¡ S>sp„ füp„. A¡ kh£ gp¡L$p¡

cNhsu_y„ hpf„hpf õdfZ L$fsp„ A_¡ drldpNp_ L$fsp„ L$fsp„ Nep„.

b°ûpÆ âkß \ep. L©$óZ (rhóÏ) cNhp_, dlpv$¡hÆ A_¡ b°ûpÆ A¡ ÓZ¡ v$¡hp¡A¡ c¡Np dmu

L$pdpnuv$¡hu_y„ d„qv$fdp„ õ\p`_ L$ey. h¥qv$L$ õsp¡Ó Üpfp Apfp^_p L$fu s¡Ap¡A¡ v$¡hu_¡ kpô$p„N âZpd L$ep®.

`R>u ApL$pihpZu\u v$¡huA¡ b°ûpÆ_¡ cNhp_ rhóÏ A_¡ dlpv$¡h_y„ p¡s`p¡sp_p d„qv$fdp„ õ\p`_ L$fu v$f

hj£ A„s:L$fZ |h®L$ s¡d_u k¡hp L$fhp L$ü„y.

Al] (L$p„Qu`yfudp„) rhóÏ cNhp_, dlpv$¡h A_¡ A„bpÆ õhe„ âNV$ S> R>¡. L$p„Qu_Nf_u hÃQp¡hQ

L$pdrNfu uW$ Aph¡gu R>¡. s¡_u X$pbu sfa gÿduÆ R>¡ A_¡ S>dZu sfa rhóÏ cNhp_ R>¡. A_¡ L$pdrNfu uW$_p

Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hu Ap_„v$ õhê$`p L$pdpnuv$¡hu R>¡. A×íe d|rs® R>¡. cqL$shpmp_¡ S> Å¡hp dm¡, Ap^pf Z AìeL$s S>

R>¡. (A\p®s¹ L$p„Qu`yfu d„qv$fdp„ S>¡ d|rs®ê$`\u rhfpS>dp_ R>¡ s¡ kh® v$¡hspAp¡ Mf¡Mf k|ÿd qv$ìe õhê$`\u pjpZ_u

ârsdp_u A„v$f rhÛdp_ flu_¡ cL$sp¡_¡ Apiuhp®v$ Ap`hp dpV$¡ Ðep„ fl¡ R>¡ f„sy s¡d_u AìeL$s A×íe lpS>fu_p¡

cphde A_ych aL$s c¼sùv$e_¡ S> \pe R>¡ Ap k|ÿd cphk©[ô$_u hps R>¡ S>¡ cp¥rsL$hpv$u A_¡ k„h¡v$_pi|Þe

gp¡L$p¡_¡ _ kdÅe !)

Äepf¡ L$pdrNfu ùW$ D`f v$¡hu L$pdpnu_u õ\p`_p \B Ðepf¡ ky„v$f _nÓ lsy„. lufp A_¡ fÐ_p¡_p âL$pi

S>¡hp¡ v$¡hu_p¡ âL$pi lsp¡. cNhsuA¡ ApL$pihpZu\u b°ûpÆ_¡ L$üy„ : l¡ b°ûpÆ, kh® gp¡L$p¡_u fnp L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap

119

kde¡ sd¡ rhr^`|h®L$ Ap_„v$\u s¡ L$pdpnu v$¡hu_u |Å L$fp¡. A¡ (Ap„sqfL$ Nyá) qv$ìe s¡Å¡d„X$m_¡ qõ\f L$fu sd¡

`p¡sp_p (b°û) gp¡L$_y„ `pg_ L$fp¡. (ApÝepqÐdL$ flõe_u ×[ô$A¡ Al] kdÅe R>¡ L$¡ v$f¡L$_u A„v$f fl¡gy„ Nyá

s¡Å¡d„X$m A¡ S> iqL$s_p¡ d|m ÷p¡s R>¡ A_¡ qÓv$¡hp¡ `Z s¡ Np¡mpL$pf s¡S>_y„ qõ\f \B_¡ Ýep_ L$fhp\u S> k©[ô$,

`pg_ A_¡ k„lpfê$` p¡s`p¡sp_p L$s®ìep¡ dpV$¡_u iqL$s d¡mh¡ R>¡. dpV$¡ S> qÓv$¡hp¡_¡ OZ¡cpN¡ Ýep_õ\ bsphhpdp„

Aph¡ R>¡. ep¡NdpN®dp„ Ap„sqfL$ s¡S>_y„ Ýep_ L$fhp_y„ M|b S> dlÒh R>¡. ep¡NuAp¡ Apqv$_pv$ ±L$pf A_¡ s¡Å¡tbvy$_y„

Ýep_ L$fhp_¡ S> ep¡N_y„ kp¥\u dlÒh_y„ A„N dp_¡ R>¡ s¡_y„ L$pfZ Ap S> R>¡.)

Aphu fus¡ îu cNhsuA¡ b°ûpÆ_¡ L$üy„ s¡\u b°ûpÆA¡ cNhsu_u Apop dp_u, îuv$¡hu_¡ ùv$edp„ fpMu_¡

`p¡sp_p gp¡L$dp„ Nep.

Ap âdpZ¡ sdp¡_¡ L$pdpnuv$¡hu_y„ Av¹cys iug L$üy„ l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Ap_¡ sd¡ kpnps¹ dlpgÿdu ÅZp¡.

S>¡ d_yóe Ap_¡ îÙp\u kp„cm¡ A_¡ kph^p_ \B_¡ `pW$ L$f¡ s¡_¡ cp¡N A_¡ dp¡n s¡_p lp\dp„ S> fl¡ s¡dp„ k„ie

_\u. s¡ y{$j byqÙdp„ b©lõ`rs kdp_ \pe, kh® rhÛpAp¡_p¡ Ar^`rs \pe.

(leN°uh F$rj ApNm bp¡ëep :) |h®L$pmdp„ d¢ cNhp_, cL$shÐkg, îudp_ Apqv$_pfpeZ_u rQfL$pm

(gp„bp¡ kde) s`õep L$fu d¢ s¡d_¡ (rhóÏ cNhp__¡) k„sp¡j dpX$ep¡. âcyA¡ d_¡ kpfyàe dyqL$s (A\p®s¹ s¡d_p

S>¡hp õhê$`_u âpqá_y„ hfv$p_) Apù_¡, p¡sp_p yÓ sfuL$¡ dpfp¡ õhuL$pf L$ep£ A_¡ dp qÓ`yfky„v$fu_u D`pk_p_p¡

s¡dZ¡ d_¡ D`v$¡i L$ep£ A¡V$g¡ s¡d_u L©$`p\u ly„ dpfu Aë`drs A_ykpf dp cNhsu rhi¡ S>¡ L„$B \p¡Xy„$L$ ÅZ„y Ry„> s¡

sd_¡ L$ly„ Ry„>. ìe\® hps L$l¡sp¡ _\u, ùv$e_u hps L$ly„ Ry„> sdp¡ kph^p_ \B kp„cmp¡. b°ûp, rhóÏ A_¡ dl¡i A¡

ÓZ¡e S>Zp S>¡_u dpep\u dp¡rls R>¡ Qp¡\p Bðf A_¡ p„Qdp kv$prih Z s¡d_p¡ drldp* |f¡`|fp¡ _\u ÅZsp sp¡

buÅ âpL©$s v$¡hsp iy„ ÅZ¡ ?

kv$prih L$¡ S>¡ khp®Ðdp S> R>¡, kqÃQv$p_„v$ ê$`, L$fhy„ _ L$fhy„, AÞe\p L$fhy„, A¡hu kÑphpmp R>¡ s¡ kh® qv$ìe

kÑp s¡d_¡ v$¡hu_p A_yN°l\u S> âpá \B R>¡.

dlpv$¡h¡ dpÞey„ L$¡ ly„ S> kh®iqL$sdp_ Ry„> Ðepf¡ cNhsu_u dpep\u dp¡rls \B, fpû_ \B_¡ dX$v$p„ S>¡hp„

\B Nep (A\p®s¹ iqL$s rh_p rih Z ihê$` \B Åe R>¡ - A¡ fus¡ fpiqL$s_p drldp_y„ hZ®_ L$ey¯ R>¡.)

cNhsu S> kh®_u DÐ`qÑ A_¡ ge_y„ L$pfZ R>¡. Apdp„ p„Q fd¡ðfp¡ rhi¡ \p¡X$u õ`ô$sp L$fhp_u R>¡ s¡ lh¡

kp„cmp¡.

b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i A_¡ Qp¡\p Cðf - Ap Qpf¡e_p L$sp® p„Qdp kv$prih R>¡. s¡d_p ¾$d_y„ flõe sd_¡ d¢

L$üy„ A_¡ s¡d_y„ Av¹cys QqfÓ (A\p®s¹ îu cNhsu_u L©$`p\u s¡Ap¡ p¡s`p¡sp_p L$s®ìep¡_y„ L$¡hu fus¡ pg_ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡)

sdp¡_¡ L$üy„. lh¡ buSy„> flõe ly„ L$ly„ R„y> - kph^p_ \B_¡ kp„cmp¡.

* Ap AÝepedp„ L$pdpnu v$¡hu_p¡ Av¹cys drldp hZ®hhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡ s¡ dy¿eÐh¡ ÓZ _¡Óp¡dp„ fl¡gu

Q¥sÞe iqL$s_p¡ drldp R>¡. S>dÏ„ k|e® _¡Ó, X$pby„ Q„Ö _¡Ó A_¡ ggpV$dp„ ÓuSy„> Aq‚ _¡Ó Ap ÓZ¡e _¡Óp¡_u iqL$s_y„

A¥L$e L$fhy„ s¡_¡ ep¡NdpN®dp„ qÓLy$qV$ A\hp qÓ`yV$u_y„ c¡v$_ L$fhy„ A¡d L$l¡ R>¡. Apd L$fhp\u kp^L$ qÓNyZpsus \B_¡

b°ûcph pdhp ep¡Áe \pe R>¡ s\p ApÐds¡S>_u A_yc|rs L$fhp knd \pe R>¡. "q¾$epep¡N' L$¡ S>¡_¡ "fpS>ep¡N' Z

120

L$l¡ R>¡ s¡_u Qp¡½$k rhr^_y„ pg_ L$fhp\u kp^L$_¡ qv$ìesp_p¡ k„ L®$ \pe R>¡ s\p qv$ìesp s¡_u A„v$f Ahsfus \pe

R>¡. Ap L$pdpnuv$¡hu_u e\p\® D`pk_p R>¡. s¡ bly Nyá R>¡ A_¡ ep¡N_p ApNm h ¡gp kp^L$p¡_¡ S> s¡_u A_yc|rs \B

iL$¡ R>¡.

âL$fZ - 30

L$pdpnu L$p„Qu`yfu hZ®_

ANõÐe F$rj bp¡ëep : L$p„Qu _Nfu_y„ _pd L$pdL$p¡qV$ uW$ R>¡. L$pdL$p¡qV$ uW$dp„ qõ\s dlpqÓ yf ky„v$fu L$¡ S>¡

"L$pdpnu' _pd\u ârkÙ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ L$¡hu L$¡hu gugpAp¡ L$fu ? îu L$pdpnu dlpv$¡hu A¡ c|d„X$gdp„ qõ\s \e¡gp

dlpqÓ`yf ky„v$fu R>¡. s¡ dl¡ðfu iy„ L$f¡ R>¡? l¡ L$\_ L$fhphpmpdp„ î¡›$ ! d_¡ L$pdpnuv$¡hu_y„ qv$ìe QqfÓ L$l¡hp L©$`p

L$fp¡.

leN°uh F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, Al] qõ\s \ep lp¡hp R>sp„ kh®_p ùv$edp„ s¡ v$¡hu qõ\s R>¡.

Æhp¡_¡ s¡d_p L$d®_¡ A_yê$` am Ap ¡ R>¡. gp¡L$dp„ S>¡ L$p„B \B füy„ R>¡ s¡ kh® Ap v$¡hu_u S> Q¡ô$p R>¡. S>¡ L$p¡B L$p„B

tQs_ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ õhs„Ó fus¡ am Ap`¡ R>¡. qÓ`yfp Apqv$ iqL$sAp¡ Apd_p S> Ahspf R>¡. Ap dlpgÿduA¡ |h®

L$pmdp„ ÓZ b°ûp„X$ DÐ`ß L$ep® R>¡. ÓZ¡ v$¡hspAp¡ A_¡ ÓZ¡ iqL$sAp¡_p r_hpkê$` A¡L$ b°ûp„X$dp„\u A„rbL$p A_¡

`yê$jp¡Ñd âNV$ \ep. buÅ b°ûp„X$dp\u gÿdu A_¡ b°ûp âNV$ \ep. ÓuÅdp„\u kfõhsuÆ A_¡ dlpv$¡h âNV$

\ep.

Ðepfbpv$ îu dlpqÓ`yfky„v$fuA¡ îu gÿduÆ_¡ dyLy„$v$ cNhp__¡ A`®Z L$ep®. îu `ph®suÆ_¡ dlpv$¡h_¡

A`®Z L$ep® A_¡ b°ûpÆ_¡ îu kfõhsuÆ A`®Z L$ep®.

s¡ dlpv$¡huA¡ b°ûv$¡h_¡ k©[ô$_y„ kS®>_ L$fhpdp„ gNpX$ep. hpkyv$¡h cNhp__¡ kh® k©[ô$_p `pg_ A_¡

fnZ_p L$pe®dp„ gNpX$ep A_¡ kh£ (ÆZ® \e¡gp„Ap¡_p¡) _pi L$fhp_y„ L$pe® dlpv$¡h_¡ kp¢àe„y.

Ap ÓZ¡ v$¡hspAp¡ kyM Ap`hphpmp Apqv$gÿdu_y„ kv$pe Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡. b°ûpÆ b°ûgp¡L$dp„, rihÆ

L$¥gpidp„ A_¡ îu rhóÏ h¥Ly„$W$gp¡L$dp„ fl¡ R>¡.

L$p¡B A¡L$ kde¡ îu L$¥gpk_p iyc riMf D`f `ph®suÆA¡ rhlpf L$fsp L$fsp dlpv$¡hÆ_u Ap„Mp¡_¡

`pR>m\u Aphu_¡ p¡sp_u l\¡muAp¡\u Y$p„L$u v$uû. Q„Ö, k|e® S>¡d_p _¡Ó R>¡ s¡hp dlpv$¡hÆ_p _¡Óp¡ Y„$L$pC S>hp\u

ÓZ¡ gp¡L$ s¡S>frls A_¡ A„^L$pf\u Aphs® \C Nep. kh® gp¡L$p¡A¡ r`s©Ap¡_u A_¡ v$¡hspAp¡_u s©qá l¡sy L$fhp_u

kOmu q¾$epAp¡_¡ ÐepNu v$uû. iy „L$fhy„ A_¡ iy„ _ L$fhy„ s¡ L$p¡B_¡ kdÅsy„ _ lsy„. kh£ dp¡lN°õs \C Nep. s¡ kde¡

cNhp_ i„L$f¡ `ph®suÆ_¡ L$üy„ : l¡ v$¡hu sd¡ dpfp _¡Óp¡_¡ Y$p„L$u v$u^p„ s¡_y„ p` L$ey¯. F$rjAp¡A¡ s` R>p¡X$u v$u^y„ A_¡

h¥qv$L$p¡A¡ k„Ýep R>p¡X$u v$uû. l¡ A„rbL$p, sd¡ kh® h¥qv$L$ L$d®_p¡ _pi L$ep£. Ap p`_u ip„rs dpV$¡ vy$íL$f s` L$fp¡. L$piudp„

S>B_¡ L$p¡B h°s_y„ ApQfZ L$fp¡. Ðepf`R>u sd¡ L$p„Qu`yfu S>B_¡ L$pdpnu v$¡hu_p v$i®_ L$fip¡ A_¡ kh® p` lfhphpmp

L$pdpnuv$¡hu_u Apfp^_p L$fip¡.

121

L„$`p _v$u_p qL$_pf¡ S>B_¡ sygku L$epfp_u kdn s` L$fp¡. Aphy„ L$lu_¡ dlpv$¡h Ðep„ A„sÝep®_ \B Nep, s¡\u

CðfuA¡ rs_u Apop A_ykpf L$ey¯.

bly kde ky u s`õep\u L$g¡i `pdu A_Þe ùv$e\u `ph®suÆA¡ s` L$ey¯, Ðepf¡ s¡d_u ApNm Aphu_¡

L$pdpnuA¡ v$i®_ v$u^p A_¡ bp¡ëep. l¡ hÐk¡ ! lh¡ DN° h°s _ L$f. l¡ î¡›$ h°shpmu ly„ âkß \B Ry„>.

`ph®suÆA¡ _¡Ó Mp¡ëep sp¡ kpd¡ L$pdpnu v$¡hu rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. gpg k|e® S>¡hy„ s¡_y„ ê$` R>¡, A_¡ kh®

Apc|jZp¡\u c|rjs R>¡. dyNV$, lpf A_¡ L$¡eyf_p bpSy>b„ A_¡ L„$L$Z Apqv$\u Ag„L©$s, pi, A„Ly$i, i¡fX$u_y„ _yj

A_¡ p„Q bpZ lp\dp„ ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. S>¡ dyNV$ R>¡ s¡dp„ Q„Öf¡Mp ip¡cpedp_ R>¡. b°ûp, lqf, {$Ö, Cðf, kv$prih

A¡ kh®_¡ s¡d_u `v$hu Ap`_pfp A¡ v$¡hu kNyZ b°û R>¡. S>¡_p\u buSy„> L$p¡C î¡›$ v$ _\u. õ\ym, k|ÿd, â`„Q_¡

L$fhphpmp fp A„rbL$p R>¡. s¡ dlpfpZu_¡ Å¡C_¡ b°ûp„X$ Ap_„v$dp„ d‚ \C Ney„. ph®suÆ_p kh£ A„Np¡ ygqL$s \C

Nep. lj®\u _¡Ó âayqëgs \C Nep. Q„qX$L$p, d„Ngp Apqv$ kMuAp¡_u kp\¡ `ph®suÆA¡ dp cNhsu_¡ kpô$p„N

âZpd L$ep® A_¡ âv$rnZp L$fu. `R>u lp\ Å¡X$u_¡ `ph®suÆ Ecp füp, `ph®suÆ_¡ L©$`p×[ô$\u Å¡C dlpqÓ`yf

ky„v$fu bp¡ëep.

`ph®suÆ_¡ ùv$e¡ gNpX$u_¡ dp dlpqÓ`yf ky„v$fu Ap âdpZ¡ bp¡ëep : l¡ hÐk¡, l¡ yÓu, spfp râe {$Ö (i„L$f)

s_¡ y_: âpá \pe. gp¡L$p¡_u fnp L$fhp dpV$¡ dpfu Apop_y„ pg_ L$f. dpfp A_¡ spfpdp„ L$p„C c¡v$ _\u. S>¡ ly„ Ry„> s¡ S>

sy„ R>p¡. sy„ dp{„$ S> ê$` R>p¡. l¡ L$ëepZu ! spfpdp„ L$ep„ p` R>¡ ? sy„ S> kh® p`p¡_p¡ _pi L$fhphpmu R>p¡. ep¡NuAp¡ s_¡

b°ûê$r`Zu L$l¡ R>¡. s¢ S>¡ s` L$ey¯ s¡ gugpdpÓ R>¡ A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ rinZ Ap`hp dpV$¡ R>¡. A„rbL$p dlpfpZuA¡

kh®d„Ngp ph®suÆ_¡ A¡d L$üy„. ph®suÆA¡ âZpd L$ep® A_¡ âurs |h®L$ L$pdpnuv$¡hu_p v$i®_ L$fu füp R>¡.

`ph®suÆ_y„ Ap âdpZ¡ dp cNhsuA¡ Np¥fh L$ey¯ A_¡ s¡ S> hMs¡ s¡ dlpqÓ`yf ky„v$fuA¡ `ph®suÆ_p

ùv$edp„ âh¡i L$ep£. ph®suÆ rhqõds \C Nep A_¡ hpf„hpf dp cNhsu_y„ tQs_ L$fhp gpÁep. L$ep„L$ d¢ õhà_ Å¡ey„

? L$¡ d_¡ c°p„rs \C ? Aphy„ rhQpfu_¡ `ph®suÆA¡ QqL$s _¡Óp¡\u Qpf¡ sfa Å¡ey„. `ph®suÆ_u S>ep A_¡ rhS>ep

_pd_u b¡ kMuAp¡ Ðep„ S> D`qõ\s lsu. s¡ b„_¡ kMuAp¡ âZpd L$fhp gpNu A_¡ âkß hv$_ \C. ph®suÆA¡

d„v$ d„v$ lku_¡ kMuAp¡_¡ L$ü„y : l¡ àepfuAp¡ ApV$gp¡ kde sd¡ L$ep„ lsu ? d¡„ L$pdpnu_¡ Å¡ep, sd¡ L$pdpnu_¡ Å¡ep ?

kMuAp¡A¡ ph®suÆ_p hQ_ kp„cýep A_¡ s¡\u lj®\u kMuAp¡_p _¡Óp¡ âayqëgs \C Nep. |S>_ L$fhp

dpV$¡ ApZ¡gp S>¡ `yó`p¡ lsp„ s¡ A„S>rgdp„ cfu_¡ ApNm fpMu kMuAp¡ `ph®suÆ_¡ bp¡gu : Ad¡ b„_¡A¡ `fp

cNhsu_¡ Å¡ep. s¡ õhà_ Z _\u A_¡ c°d Z _\u. s¡Ap¡ kpnps¹ R>¡ A_¡ sdpfp ùv$edp„ s¡dZ¡ âh¡i L$ep£ R>¡.

Aphy„ L$lu_¡ s¡ bß¡ kMuAp¡ s¡d_u bß¡ bpSy> _d°sp`|h®L$ Ecu flu.

buÆ sfa, cNhp_ i„L$f, chp_u_p rhfl\u vy$:Mu \C_¡ Np¥fu âpqá dpV$¡ CqÞÖep¡_¡ hidp„ fpMu, A¡L$

Apd°h©n_u R>pepdp„ b¡ku_¡ L$pdpnuv$¡hu_y„ Ýep_, tQs_ L$fhp gpÁep. îu rhÛp õhê$`p fp v$¡hsp L$pdpnu dlpv$¡h_p

s`, Ýep_\u âkß \C_¡ s¡d_u kÞdyM âNV$ \ep. A¡L$pN°sp\u dlpv$¡hÆ Ýep_ L$fu füp lsp Ðepf¡ âkß \C

L$pdpnuv$¡hu bp¡ëep : l¡ L„$v$`®_p v$`®_p¡ _pi L$f_pfp dlpv$¡h, dpfy„ tQs_ b„^ L$fp¡. sd¡ dpfu Apop\u L$pdv$¡h_p¡

õhuL$pf L$fp¡, L$pdv$¡h dpfu Apopdp„ qõ\s R>¡.

122

Ap A¡L$ Apd°h©nhpmy„ S>¡ uW$ R>¡ s¡dp„ kv$p sd¡ r_hpk L$fp¡. (Ap õ\m A¡L$pd°ùW$ sfuL$¡ rh¿eps R>¡ A_¡

Ðep„ tgNê$`¡ rhfpS>dp_ cNhp_ rih, "A¡L$pd°¡ðf sfuL$¡ |rS>s \pe R>¡.)'

v$¡hu L$pdpnuA¡ ApNm L$üy„ : sd¡ dpfu âkßsp dpV$¡ dpfu kdu`spdp„ Np¥fu_p¡ õhuL$pf L$fp¡, L$¡ S>¡ (Np¥fu)

L„$`p _v$u_p qL$_pf¡ fl¡ R>¡. b¡ âL$pf_p sp` sd¡ ÐepNu v$p¡. A¡L$ ep¡N (_p Aq‚_p¡) sp` A_¡ buÅ¡ Np¥fu_p rhep¡N_p¡

sp`. Aphy„ L$lu fd gÿdu, dlpv$¡h_p ùv$edp„ A„sÝep®_ \C Nep.

rihÆ L$¡ S>¡ Ýep_d‚ lsp s¡Ap¡ îu L$pdpnuv$¡hu_u Apop kp„cmu_¡ A¡L$v$d Ecp \C Nep. M|b S>

^¥e®iug õhcphhpmp A_¡ âkß d_hpmp dlpv$¡hÆA¡, S>¡d_u kh® v$¡hspAp¡ k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡ s¡hp cNhsu_p¡ A_yN°l

âpá L$ep£.* S>¡ dlpqÓ yfky„v$fu_p rhgpk\u Ap k„kpf DÐ`ß \pe R>¡ A_¡ S>¡dp„ ge \pe R>¡ s\p QfpQf S>Ns L$¡

S>¡ õ\|m A_¡ k|ÿd â „Qê$`¡ R>¡ s¡ S>¡d_pdp„ DÐ`ß \pe R>¡ A_¡ ge \pe R>¡ s¡ fpiqL$s dlpqÓ yfky„v$fu_y„ dlpv$¡h¡

ùv$edp„ Ýep_ L$fu_¡ R>u ph®suÆ_u kdu` S>hp_p¡ r_òe L$ep£. ph®suÆ L„$`p _v$u_p sV$_¡ ip¡cphsp Ðep„ r_hpk

L$fsp„ lsp„. v$ep\u S>¡d_y„ d_ r_Ðe Öhuc|s \C fl¡ R>¡ s¡hp Np¥fu (`ph®suÆ)_p¡ h¥hprlL$ rhr^\u dlpv$¡hÆA¡

õhuL$pf L$ep£. (A\p®s¹ rhr^`|h®L$ rhhpl L$fu_¡ dlpv$¡h¡ ph®suÆ_¡ afu\u A„NuL$pf L$ep®.) `R>u s¡Ap¡ Np¥fu_¡ kp\¡

gC_¡ bmv$ D`f b¡ku_¡ L$¥gpk_p riMf D`f Qpëep Nep„.

* b°ûp, rhóÏ, dlpv$¡h - A¡ qÓv$¡hp¡, kfõhsuÆ, gÿduÆ A_¡ ph®suÆ A¡ qÓv$¡huAp¡ A_¡ CÞÖv$¡h

s\p AÞe kh® v$¡hspAp¡ `Z dyíL$¡gu_p kdedp„ cNhsu `fp Açbp dp dlpqÓ`yfky„v$fu_p ifZ¡ Åe R>¡ A_¡

s¡d_p Ýep_ D`pk_p Apqv$ L$fu_¡ s¡d_u âkßsp A_¡ L©$`p\u p¡sp_p k„L$V$p¡dp„\u Ry>V$L$pfp¡ d¡mh¡ R>¡. Ap_p f\u

Ap`Z¡ dp_hp¡A¡ Z A¡V$gy„ Ahíe kdÆ g¡h„y Å¡CA¡ L$¡ S>¡ kdõs k©[ô$_y„ d|gL$pfZ, S>NsS>__u Apqv$iqL$s

R>¡ A_¡ S>¡_p Ap^pf¡ S> Ap kdõs rhðâ`„Q_p¡ r_hp®l \C füp¡ R>¡ s¡d_u Apfp^_p L$fu_¡ S> Ap vy$õsf k„kpf

kdyÖ_¡ `pf L$fu iL$pe R>¡. Ap\u S> îu dp cNhsu_u D`pk_p A¡ S> Ap`Ï„ â\d L$s®ìe R>¡. îudv$¹

Apqv$i„L$fpQpe®ÆA¡ Z S>NÞdpsp_u ifZpNrs A¡ S> kh® Æhp¡_¡ kyM Ap`_pfp¡ A¡L$dpÓ D`pe R>¡ s¡ v$ip®hhp

`p¡sp_p chpÞeô$L$d¹ _pd_p õsp¡Ódp„ - "Nrsõh„, NrsõÐh„, Ðhd¡L$p chpr_' - A\p®s¹ l¡ dp chpr_ sd¡ S>

Adpf¡ dpV$¡ A¡L$dpÓ Nrs (Ap^pfê$`) R>p¡ - A¡d L$lu_¡ S>NÞdpsp_u h„v$_p L$fu R>¡.

âL$fZ - 31

c¥fh k„L$V$ r_hpfZ

leN°uhÆ F$rj bp¡ëep : l¡ ANõÐe F$rj, l¡ byqÙdp_, Apqv$ gÿdu_p¡ âcph kp„cmp¡. l¡ p`frls,

sd_¡ L$\_ L$fy„ Ry„>.

A¡L$ kde_u hps R>¡. b°ûpÆ_u kcpdp„ b°ûp, rhóÏ A_¡ dl¡i b¡W$p R>¡. v$i¡ qv$N`pgp¡ s\p kh£

v$¡hspAp¡ A_¡ k_L$pqv$ ep¡NuS>_p¡, v$¡hrj® _pfv$ A_¡ hrk›$ Apqv$ s`õhu, s¡ b^p b¡W$p lsp„ Ðepf¡ b°ûpÆ_p A_¡

dlpv$¡hÆ_p sfa Å¡C_¡ s¡ b^p„ dy„ThZdp„ dyL$pC Nep L$pfZ L$¡ s¡ hMs¡ b°ûpÆ_p `p„Q dyM lsp A_¡

123

dlpv$¡hÆ_p p„Q dyM lsp„. b„_¡_p p„Q dyM lsp s¡\u L$p¡Z b°ûpÆ R>¡ A_¡ L$p¡Z dlpv$¡hÆ R>¡ s¡ Mbf S> X$su

_lp¡su (L$pfZ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ bû fus¡ kdp_ v$¡Mphhpmp„ lsp„). Ap\u Ðep„ b¡khphpmp A¡L$buÅ_¡ `|R>hp gpÁep L$¡

Apdp„ b°ûpÆ L$p¡Z ? A_¡ dlpv$¡hÆ L$p¡Z ? b^p Aphu fus¡ hpsp¡ L$fsp lsp„ Ðepf¡ dlpv$¡hÆ A„sÝep®_ \C Nep.

Ðepf¡ Ðep„ flu Nep s¡ p„Q dyMhpmp b°ûpÆ R>¡ s¡_u Mbf X$u.

`R>u _pfpeZ A_¡ b°ûpÆ_u hpsQus \C. Ðepf¡ s¡Ap¡ A¡L$buÅ_¡ L$l¡hp gpÁep L$¡ ly„ l¡gp¡ (Apqv$) Ry„>.

dpV$¡ ly„ S> b°ûp Ry„>. rhóÏ cNhp_ L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ sy„ dpfp _prcL$dmdp„\u DÐ`ß \ep¡ R>¡ A_¡ dpfp¡ yÓ R>¡ dpV$¡ ly„ S>

k©[ô$L$sp® NZpD s¡\u l„y S> b°ûp Ry„>. A_¡ dpfp yÓ sfuL$¡ sy„ b°ûp L$l¡hpep¡. Aphu fus¡ dpep\u bß¡ dp¡rls \ep.

Ðepf¡ s¡Ap¡ "ly„ b°ûp Ry„>' s¡d L$l¡hp gpÁep. Ðepf¡ dlpv$¡h Äep¡rsrgNê$`¡ âNV$ \ep. s¡ dlpv$¡h_u dlÑp ÅZu_¡

(A\p®s¹ s¡d_¡ `p¡sp_p\u `Z Apqv$ ÅZu_¡) rhóÏ cNhp_ Q|` \C Nep. `f„sy `p„Q dyMhpmp b°ûpÆA¡

dlpv$¡h_u kp\¡ Z hpv$rhhpv$ L$ep£.

`l¡gp„ b°ûpÆ_p ifuf D`f_y„ `p„Qdy„ dyM Äep¡rsQ¾$ lsy„. s¡ Äep¡rsQ¾$dp„ dlpv$¡h, `ph®suÆ krls

âNV$ \ep. f„sy s¡ dlpv$¡h_y„ A`dp_ L$fu_¡ b°ûpÆ bp¡ëep s¡ kp„cmu_¡ dlpv$¡h_¡ bly ¾$p¡^ \ep¡. rhóÏ cNhp__¡

`Z b°ûp_¡ Å¡C_¡ ¾$p¡ \ep¡. rhóÏ A_¡ dlpv$¡h, bß¡_p ¾$p¡ \u c¥fh DÐ`ß \ep. c¥fh¡ _M\u b°ûpÆ_y„ A¡L$

dp\y„ L$pù _p¿ey„. b°ûpÆ p„Q_¡ bv$g¡ lh¡ Qpf dõsL$hpmp \C Nep. lplpL$pf L$fsp Ðep„ b¡W$¡gp kh£ _pku Nep„.*

b°ûpÆ_y„ `p„Qdy„ dõsL$ R>¡v$_ L$fhp\u c¥fh_¡ b°ûlÐep_p¡ v$p¡j gpÁep¡. s¡\u b°ûpÆ_y„ L$`pg c¥fh_p

_Mdp„ Qp¢V$u Ney„ (A\p®s¹ `p` Qp¢V$ey„) hpf„hpf s¡ L$`pg_¡ _Mdp„\u L$p$Yhp_p¡ âepk L$fhp R>sp„e s¡ _uL$ýey„ _l].

b°ûlÐep_u dyqL$s dpV$¡ c¥fh fsu `f rhQfhp gpÁep. b^p rhÓ n¡Óp¡ A_¡ N„Np Apqv$ dlp_v$uAp¡dp„ õ_p_

L$fhp gpÁep. s¡d R>sp„e s¡ b°ûlÐep_p p`\u dyL$s _ \ep. s¡d_y„ dyM drg_ \C Ney„, ip¡cpfrls \C Ney„. R>u

OZp kde R>u L$p„Qu_Nfudp„ Apìep, Äep„ |h£ b°ûpÆA¡ r_hpk L$ep£ lsp¡. Ðep„ c¥fh l„d¡ip rcnp dp„Nu_¡ Mpsp

lsp A_¡ L$pdpnuv$¡hu_u k¡hp L$fsp lsp„. „Qsu\p£_u k¡hp L$fsp lsp A_¡ s¡dp„ fp¡S> õ_p_ L$fsp lsp„. L$¡V$gp¡L$ kde

s¡dZ¡ Ðep„ r_hpk L$ep£. pNg_u S>¡d c°rds \C Nep lsp„. L$p„Qun¡Ódp„ r_hpk L$fu s¡dZ¡ A„s:L$fZ_¡ hidp„ L$ey¯.

îuv$¡hu_y„ d_\u õdfZ L$fsp lsp„ A¡V$g¡ s¡d_p b^p `p` v|$f \C Nep. Ðep„ DÑf sfa gÿduÆ A_¡ v$rnZdp„

hpkyv$¡h_u k¡hp L$fu. R>u L$pdpnuv$¡hu `pk¡ Aphu_¡ Ecp füp„. s¡d_p QfZp¡_y„ Ýep_ L$fu_¡ d__¡ hi L$ey¯. S>¡d

hpeyfrls õ\p_dp„ v$uhp¡ lp¡e A_¡ sf„Nfrls kpNf lp¡e s¡d âpZpepd\u hpey_¡ fp¡L$u_¡ r_òg \ep. S>¡d s¡g_u

^pf A¡L$^pfu A¡L$ pÓdp„\u buÅdp„ X$¡ s¡hu fus¡ c¥fh¡ cNhsu_y„ Ýep_ L$ey¯. Aphy„ A¡L$pN° Ýep_ |h£ rhóÏcNhp_¡

L$¡ L$r`gdyr_A¡ `Z _lp¡s„y L$ey¯. k_L$pqv$L$ A_¡ iyL$pqv$ dyr_Ap¡A¡ `Z s¡hy„ Ýep_ _lp¡sy„ L$ey¯. s¡Ap¡ L$p¡C Aphu

kdpr^r_›$p _ L$fu iL$ep.

s¡ îucph_p ep¡N\u (A\p®s¹ îuv$¡hu_p A¡L$^pfp tQs_\u) c¥fh îucph_¡ âpá \C Nep (A\p®s¹ îudp_

A_¡ kp¥cpÁeipmu, s¡S>eyL$s \C Nep.) îuv$¡hu s¡d_p AM„X$ Ýep_\u âkß \ep A_¡ s¡S>`y„S>dp„ âNV$ \ep.

A ®fpqÓA¡ âNV$ \C_¡ dp cNhsu bp¡ëep : l¡ îuL„$W$, sd¡ kh® p`p¡_p¡ _pi L$ep£ R>¡. lh¡ sdpfpdp„ L$p¡C

`p` _\u. sd¡ dpfy„ ê$` R>p¡ (A\p®s¹ Arh_piu s¡S>õhu ApÐdõhê$` R>p¡) L„$C Ap v$¡l sd¡ _\u (A¡V$g¡ L$¡ cp¥rsL$

124

v$¡l\u D`f EW$u_¡ ApÐdõhê$`_y„ õdfZ L$fp¡.) sd_¡ v$¡Mpey„ s¡ c°p„rs dpÓ R>¡. (A\p®s¹ gp¥qL$L$ Æh__p

kyMvy$:M_p A_ychp¡ A¡ kh® c°p„rs R>¡) khpf¡ sd¡ nZdpÓdp„ b°ûlÐep\u dyL$s \C S>ip¡ A¡d L$lu_¡

dlptklpk_¡ðfu A„sÝep®_ \C Nep.

c¥fh, cNhsu_p v$i®_\u âkß A_¡ L©$sp\® \C Nep. bpL$u_u fpqÓ cNhsu_p Ýep_dp„ ìesus L$fu. khpf¡

`p„Q dlpsu\®dp„ õ_p_ L$fu k„Ýep L$fu A_¡ _Mdp„ cfpe¡gy„ L$`pg hpf„hpf Oõey„ sp¡ `Z L$`pg _uL$ýey„ _rl s¡\u

vy$:Mu \ep. s¡d_¡ \ey„ L$¡ Ap õhà_ R>¡ L$¡ dpfp d__u c°p„rs ? Apd hpf„hpf rhQpfu ip¡L$d‚ \ep R>u ufS>hpmpdp„

dy¿e A¡hp c¥fh¡ p¡sp_¡ ip¡L$dp„\u fp¡L$ep. R>u sygkud„X$g_u |Å L$fu CqÞÖep¡_¡ hidp„ L$fu afu\u kdpr^ gNpX$u.

A¡L$ âlf \sp„ v$¡hu_p afu v$i®_ \ep A_¡ s¡Ap¡ bp¡ëep : l¡ kdpr^hi i„cp¡ ! lh¡ bk L$fp¡ A_¡ kfp¡hfdp„

õ_p_ L$fp¡. A¡d L$lu_¡ v$¡hu A„sÝep®_ \C Nep. c¥fh_¡ bly tQsp \C L$¡ Ap dpep R>¡ L$¡ õhà_ ? dpf¡ iy„ L$fhy„ ?

khpf¡ sy„ b°ûlÐep\u dyL$s \C S>Ci. A¡d v$¡huA¡ L$üy„. f„sy Ap sp¡ qv$hk |fp¡ \hp Apìep¡. Ap\u Ar^L$ tQsp

\C L$¡ Ap b^y„ kpQy„ R>¡ L$¡ Mp¡Vy„$ ? Ðep„ sp¡ ApL$pihpZu \C L$¡, "Ap kfp¡hfdp„ õ_p_ L$fp¡'.

Ap kp„cmu_¡ i„L$p_p¡ ÐepN L$fu c¥fh¡ sfs kfp¡hfdp„ õ_p_ L$fhp_p¡ r_òe L$ep£ A_¡ Ðep„ L„$`pgp _v$u\u

r_rd®s kfp¡hfdp„ õ_p_ L$ey¯. Ðep„ Xy$bL$u gNphsp„ s¡d_¡ kfp¡hf_u A„v$f L$piu`yfu_p v$i®_ \ep. L$piu v$¡Mphp\u s¡d_¡

\ey„ L$¡ Apd L$¡d ? b¡ OX$u kyû s¡dZ¡ dp¥_ pfZ L$ey¯ A_¡ d_dp„ tQs_ L$ey¯ Ap\u s¡d_¡ s¡ flõe_y„ op_ \ey„ L$¡ rhÓ

L$p„Qu`yfu A¡ L$piu`yfu_u S>¡d ApÝepqÐdL$ âL$pi\u s¡Å¡de R>¡ A_¡ L„$`pgp _v$u A¡ N„NpÆ_p kdp_ S>

`p`r_hpfL$ A_¡ rhÓ L$f_pf î¡›$ _v$u R>¡. c¥fh Ap fus¡ flõe_p¡ rhQpf L$fsp lsp Ðep„ S> s¡d_p _Mdp„ L$`pg

lsy„ s¡ (A\p®s¹ b°ûlÐep_y„ p`) A×íe \C Ney„ !

dp\p D`f k|fS> Apìep¡. rcnp dp„Nhp s¡ rS>s¡qÞÖe rihõhê$` c¥fh¡ L$p„Qu_Nfu dp„ âh¡i L$ep£. s¡Ap¡

L$¡V$gp„L$ Ofp¡dp„ rcnp dp„Nhp Nep, Ðep„ A¡L$ ch_dp„ s¡dZ¡ L$Þep õhê$ù kpnps¹ L$pdpnu v$¡hu_¡ Å¡ep. v$¡hu, c¥fh_¡

rcnp v$C_¡ A„sÝep®_ \C Nep A_¡ c¥fh k„`|Z®`Z¡ p`dyL$s \C Nep. A¡ AQfS> Å¡C_¡ s¡d_y„ dyM âkß \C

Ney„. s¡d_¡ \ey„ L$¡ OÏ„ S> kpfy„ \ey„ R>¡. yfuAp¡dp„ `rhÓ L$p„Qu`yfu R>¡ A_¡ _v$uAp¡dp„ L„$`p _v$u N„NpÆ_p kdp_

`rhÓ L$f_pf î¡›$ _v$u R>¡. v$¡huAp¡dp„ dp cNhsu grgsp Açbp_y„ õhê$` A¡hp L$pdpnuv$¡hu î¡›$ R>¡. Aphu fus¡

îuv$¡hu_p âcph\u c¥fh k„L$V$dyL$s \ep A_¡ õhõ\ \C_¡ L$pdpnuv$¡hu_u õsyrs L$fsp p¡sp_p õ\p_dp„ Apìep.

* Ap âL$fZdp„ dlpv$¡h_p `p„Q dõsL$ A_¡ b°ûpÆ_p `Z `p„Q dõsL$ lp¡hp\u s¡ b„_¡_u kpçesp_p¡

Dëg¡M L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. b°ûpÆ_¡ Qpf dõsL$ Qpf qv$ipdp„ s\p `p„Qdy„ dõsL$ EÝh®dyMu lsy„ S>¡_¡ Al]

Äep¡rsQ¾$ ê$`¡ hrZ®s L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ s\p s¡ Äep¡rsQ¾$dp„ ph®suÆ krls dlpv$¡h âNV$ \ep f„sy b°ûpÆA¡

s¡d_p¡ Apv$f _ L$ep£ s¡\u dlpv$¡hÆ s\p cNhp_ rhóÏA¡ ¾$p¡^ L$fu_¡ c¥fh_¡ DÐ`ß L$ep® s\p s¡ c¥fh¡ b°ûpÆ_p s¡

EÝh®dyMu `p„Qdp dõsL$_y„ R>¡v$_ L$fu _p¿ey„ s¡hu L$\p Al] L$l¡hpdp„ Aphu R>¡ Ap L$\pdp„ bly S> Av¹cys

ApÝeprÐdL$ flõe Aph¡gy„ R>¡, s¡ e\pdrs Al] âõsys L$fuA¡ R>uA¡ :- N|$Y rhÛpAp¡_¡ kp„L$¡rsL$ A_¡ âsuL$pÐdL$

fus¡ hZ®hhp_p¡ S> d|m\u qfhpS> R>¡. s¡ dyS>b Al] hrZ®s dlpv$¡hÆ A_¡ b°ûpÆ_p p„Q dõsL$p¡ A¡ Qpf h¡v$p¡_p

op_ê$ù Qpf dõsL$ A_¡ p„Qdy„ EÝh®dyMu dõsL$ A¡ AdfÐh âpá L$fph_pfu N|$Y rhÛp_p op__y„ A\p®s¹ D`f\u

125

`fdpÐdp_p¡ âL$pi Tugu_¡ s¡_¡ `p¡sp_p ifufdp„ Dspfu_¡ Adfsp âpá L$fhp_u rhÛp_p op__p âsuL$ê$`¡ R>¡. Ap

`p„Qdp„ dõsL$_¡ Äep¡rsQ¾$ A_¡ s¡dp„ rhfpS>dp_ Ddp-dl¡ðf sfuL$¡ hrZ®s L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ A\p®s¹ s¡

"q¾$epep¡N'_u Qp¡½$k q¾$ep hMs¡ v$¡Mpsy„ kyhZ®f„Nu s¡Å¡hge (Äep¡rsQ¾$) A_¡ s¡_u dÝe¡ Aph¡gp¡ rih A_¡

iqL$s-A\p®s¹ ApÐdõhê$` A_¡ Ly„$X$rg_u iqL$s_p A¥L$e\u âL$V$¡gp¡ qv$ìe spfp¡ - A¡ `rhÓ L$f_pfu v$¥hu rhÛp_p

âsuL$ sfuL$¡ Al] p„Qdp„ dõsL$_y„ hZ®_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.

lh¡ bÞey„ A¡hy„ L$¡ S>Þd-d©Ðey_p Ü„Üp¡_u Ap k©[ô$ fQhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ b°ûpÆ\u S>Þd-d©Ðey-S>fp- ìepr^ A_¡

L$d®b„^_\u b„^pe¡gp„ Æhp¡_¡ AdfÐh Ap`_pfu v$¥hu ApÐdrhÛp_y„ op_ Apù iL$pe _l]. dpÓ Ap S>Ns\u

D`frs pd¡gp„ Ar^L$pfu dydynyS>_p¡ dpV$¡ S> Ap rhÛp cNhp_ rih¡ õ\p`¡gu ep¡NdpN®_u Nyê$-rióe f„`fp Üpfp

âpá \C iL$¡ s¡hu ìehõ\p r_[òs L$fhpdp„ Aphu. Ap\u cNhp_ rih_y„ p„Q dõsL$ A\hp p„Q dyMhpmp sfuL$¡

hZ®_ R>¡. fÞsy kp„kpqfL$ âh©qÑAp¡dp„ AÐeÞs ApkL$s A¡hp b°ûpÆ_u k©[ô$_p Æhp¡_¡ b°ûpÆA¡ A |fp sb½$¡

Ap v$¥hu dlprhÛp_y„ op_ Ap`hy„ _lu s¡hy„ r_[òs L$fpep\u b°ûpÆ_p¡ L$p¡C_¡ `Z AdfÐh_y„ hfv$p_ Ap`hp_p¡

Ar^L$pf R>u_hu g¡hpdp„ Apìep¡ S>¡_¡ b°ûpÆ_p p„Qdp„ dõsL$_y„ R>¡v$_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ s¡d hZ®hhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.

Apd lp¡hp\u dlpv$¡hÆ A_¡ cNhp_ rhóÏ_¡ r_Ðe _heyhp_ bsphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ `fÞsy b°ûpÆ Å¡L$¡ AÐeÞs

v$uO® Apeyóehpmp lp¡hp R>sp„e AdfÐh A ®_pf Äep¡rsQ¾$_y„ `p„Qdy„ dõsL$ _l] lp¡hp\u s¡d_¡ h©Ù v$¡Mph_p

bsphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap b°ûpÆ_u Æhk©[ô$ A_¡ cNhp_ rih_u "rih' k©[ô$ hÃQ¡_p¡ c¡v$ R>¡. Ap\u S> kpdpÞe

Æhp¡_¡ b¡ _¡Óhpmp A_¡ "rih' k©[ô$_p kæep¡_¡ qv$ìe Qny krls ÓZ _¡Óp¡hpmp bsphpe R>¡.

âL$fZ - 32

fpÅ v$if\_¡ hfâpqá

leN°uh F$rj, v$if\ fpÅA¡ îu cNhsu_u Apfp^_p S>¡ fus¡ L$fu lsu s¡_p¡ h©Ñp„s hZ®hsp bp¡ëep : l¡

ANõÐe F$rj, kp„cmp¡ ! dlpv$¡hu_p¡ âcph L$ly„ Ry„>, S>¡ s¡_¡ kp„cmi¡ s¡_u L$pd_p |fu \i¡.

Aep¡Ýep`rs v$if\ _pd_p A¡L$ fpÅ lsp. k„sp_frls lp¡hp\u s¡Ap¡ OZp kde\u tQsus lsp.

A¡L$pÞsdp„ s¡Ap¡A¡ p¡sp_p Ny{$ hrk›$ F$rj_¡ p¡sp_p d__u hps L$lu.

ApQpfdp„ iyÙ A_¡ kh£ ip÷p¡_¡ ÅZhphpmp hrk›$Æ_¡ fpÅ v$if\¡ L$üy„ : l¡ âcy ! bly kde \hp R>sp„

d_¡ yÓ _\u. Ap k„sp` d_¡ kss hû füp¡ R>¡. iy„ L$fhp\u k„sp_ âpá \pe s¡ d_¡ L$lp¡.

hrk›$Æ bp¡ëep : l¡ dlpfpS> ! ly„ sd_¡ Nyá hps L$ly„ Ry„>. Aep¡Ýep, d\yfp, dpep, Ah„rsL$p, L$piu, L$p„Qu

A¡ rhÓ _NfuAp¡ NZpe R>¡, s¡dp„ Aep¡Ýep_p Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hu L$pdpnu R>¡. s¡d_p kdp_ AÞe L$p¡C _\u. l¡ fpS>_¹

Ap îuv$¡huÆ_¡ kh® L$p¡C |S>¡ R>¡. b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i A¡ ÓZ¡e Ð_ukrls l„d¡ip s¡d_u |Å L$f¡ R>¡. A¡ |Å\u

îuv$¡hu CqÃR>s hõsy sfs S> Ap ¡ R>¡. Apd hrk›$ÆA¡ L$üy„ R>u fpÅA¡ A_¡L$ fus¡ hrk›$Æ_u |Å L$fu A_¡

Ðepfbpv$ yÓâpqá dpV$¡_u D`pk_p L$fhp_p âeÐ_dp„ Å¡X$pep.

126

Ny{$ÆA¡ L$üy„ s¡ fus¡ îu grgsp fd¡ðfu_u s¡Ap¡ `fdcqL$s\u |Å L$fhp gpÁep. A¡hu fus¡ âurs`|h®L$

d_\u l„d¡ip |Å L$fhp gpÁep, A_¡ Aep¡Ýep_p Ar^›$pÓu v$¡hu L$pdpnu_p d„qv$fdp„ A¡L$ qv$hk-fpqÓ s¡Ap¡ füp„.

A^} fpqÓ \C Ðepf¡ v$uhp¡ bmsp¡ lsp¡. fpÅ_¡ KO Aphsp„ v$¡hu âL$V$ \ep. v$¡hu_p lp\dp„ `pi, A„Ly$i,

^_yóe A_¡ bpZ ip¡cu füp„ lsp„. s¡Ap¡ kh® Apc|jZp¡\u rhc|rjs lsp„. s¡dZ¡ CÞvy$dsu`yÓ v$if\ fpÅ_¡ L$üy„ :

l¡ îudp_ ! spfp cpÁedp„ yÓ R>¡. spfp `|h®L$d®dp„ spfp\u rhðpkOpsê$ù v$p¡j \ep¡ R>¡. A¡hp L$dp£_u ip„rs dpV$¡

L$p„Qu`yfudp„ S>C_¡ L„$`p _v$udp„ õ_p_ L$fu Ðep„_p d„qv$fdp„ dpfp v$i®_ L$f.

L$p„Qu`yfudp„ A¡L$ Nyap R>¡. s¡dp„ L$pdv$¡h_u d|rs® R>¡. s¡ Nyap_p kps v$fhpÅ R>¡. s¡ õhfpS> v$¡hphpmp R>¡. Ðep„

`|h® sfa dyM L$fu_¡ dlptklpk_¡ðfu ly„ fly„ R„y>. dlpgÿduê$`\u Ðep„ ly„ fly„ Ry„>. dpfp b¡ lp\dp„ L$dm R>¡. Qd®Qny\u

ly„ _\u v$¡Mpsu. dpfu Ap„M\u DÐ`ß \e¡g dlpNp¥fu dpfu v$rnZdp„ R>¡. s¡ kp¦v$e®_u kudp R>¡ A_¡ kh® Apc|jZp¡\u

c|rjs R>¡. dpfp bß¡ lõsdp„ L$dg pfZ L$fu_¡ dlpgÿduê$`\u Ðep„ flu_¡ dpfp cL$sp¡_u CÃR>pAp¡ ly„ |Z® L$fy„ Ry„>.

dpfp tklpk_ krls dpfy„ S>¡ v$i®_ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_p„ b^p„ p`p¡ _ô$ \C Åe R>¡. sp¡ _p_p„-dp¡V$p„ p`p¡_u sp¡ iy„ hps ?

dpfp v$i®_\u Ly$hpk_p, Ly$byqÙ, Ly$sL®$, Mp¡V$p¡ k„v$¡l, Mp¡V$p¡ cph, _pqõsL$`Ï„ - A¡ b y„ _pi pd¡ R>¡. Ðep„

S>C_¡ sy„ dpfu dlp`|Å L$f. kpL$f, d^ A_¡ Muf, A_¡L$ âL$pf_p cp¡S>_, R> fkhpmp v$p\®\u dpfu |Å L$f. Ðep„

ly„ âkß \C s_¡ hfv$p_ Apùi, s¡d L$lu dlpfpZu A„sÝep®_ \C Nep.

fpÅ_¡ A¡ v$i®_\u AÐe„s Apòe® \ey„. iyc gnZp¡hpmp L$p¥iëepv$¡hu_¡ S>NpX$u_¡ fpÅA¡ fpqÓ_p¡ h©Ñp„s

L$üp¡. A¡ kp„cmu_¡ L$p¥iëep_¡ M|b k„sp¡j \ep¡. khpfdp„ fpÅ Ap_„qv$s \C L$p¥iëep A_¡ \p¡X$p k¥r_L$p¡ kp\¡

L$p„Qu`yfu Nep. L„$`p _v$udp„ õ_p_ L$fu, rhÓ v$¡hu_p v$i®_ L$ep® R>u L$p¥iëep krls fpÅA¡ p„Q su\®dp„ õ_p_ L$e®y.

Npe, S>du_, kp¡_y„ hN¡f¡ irL$s`|S>L$ su\®hpkuAp¡_¡ Apù_¡ fpÅA¡ âkß L$ep®, R>u fpÅA¡ cqL$s`|h®L$ d„qv$fdp„

âh¡i L$ep£. _d°sp`|h®L$ ÓZ qf¾$dp L$fu A_¡ L$p¥iëep kp\¡ v$¡hu `pk¡ Nep A_¡ "b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i_u S>__u'

L$pdpnuv$¡hu_p„ v$i®_ L$ep®. Ð_u krls cqL$s`|h®L$ kpô$p„N âZpd L$ep®.

Aep¡Ýepdp„ S>¡ cNhsu_y„ pd (d„qv$f) lsy„ Ðep„ |h£ v$if\ fpÅA¡ vy$hp®kp dyr__p rióep¡ krls cNhsu_u

`|Å L$fu lsu A_¡ ÝhÅfp¡lZ L$e¯y lsy„. s¡ S> fus¡ Al] L$p„Qu`yfudp„ Z Ny{$ hrk›$ÆA¡ bspìep âdpZ¡ s¡d_¡ îu

cNhsu_u p¡sp_u CÃR>p`|rs® dpV$¡ |Å L$fu. Aep¡Ýepdp„ õhà_dp„ dpspÆ_y„ S>¡ õhê$` Å¡ey„ lsy„ s¡ õhê$`_y„ fpÅA¡

Ýep_ L$ey¯. (s¡ õhê$`_y„ hZ®_ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ :)

îudpspÆA¡ N kyû ky„v$f Apc|jZp¡ pfZ L$ep¯ R>¡, L$dm S>¡hp L$p¡dm gpg QfZp¡dp„ fÐ_p¡_p Tp„Tf

`l¡ep® R>¡. r sp„bf pfZ L$f¡g R>¡ A_¡ kyhZ®_p¡ L„$v$p¡fp¡ l¡ep£ R>¡. s¡d_p ky„v$f v$uO® bplyAp¡ bpSy>b„^ A_¡ L„$L$Zp¡\u

ip¡c¡ R>¡.

X$pbp lp\dp„ i¡fX$u_y„ _yóe ip¡c¡ R>¡, A_¡ S>dZp lp\dp„ fÐ_p¡ S>¡hp p„Q yó`bpZ ip¡c¡ R>¡. L„$W$dp„ ky„v$f

lpf pfZ L$f¡gp¡ R>¡. buÅ b¡ lp\dp„ pi A_¡ A„Ly$i pfZ L$ep® R>¡.

ifv$ |_d_p Q„Ö_¡ fpÆs L$f¡ s¡hy„ ky„v$f dyM R>¡. L$p__p Ly„$X$mdp„\u _uL$msp âL$pi\u s¡d_p Npg ip¡cu

füp R>¡. X$pbp lp\dp„ gp„bu v$p„X$uhpmy„ L$dm Z ip¡c¡ R>¡.

127

S>¡d Q„Ödp„\u Ad©s Tf¡ s¡d îu dlpfpZu_p _¡Óp¡dp„\u L$ê$Zp_u hjp® \C flu R>¡. s¡d_p i„M S>¡hp L„$W$dp„

kp¡_p_p k|Ódp„ fp¡h¡g dpZ¡L$-drZ ip¡cu füp R>¡. L$`pm_u Q„ÖL$mp_p âL$pi\u AgL$phgu (hpm_u gV$) ip¡cu

flu R>¡. v$¡hu d„v$ qõds L$fu füp R>¡, s¡ ÅZ¡ L©$`pê$ù Q„Ö_p qL$fZp¡ R>¡. s¡d_y„ ùv$e, L©$`p_p¡ kdyÖ R>¡. s¡d_u _prkL$p

Ars ky„v$f R>¡. _ugL$dg_p Óp¡_¡ fpÆs L$f¡ s¡hp„ s¡d_p _¡Óp¡ R>¡, A_¡ cL$sp¡ sfa L©$`p×[ô$\u Å¡C füp R>¡. gsp

S>¡hu ky„v$f c°dfp¡ R>¡ A_¡ hv$_ Ars ky„v$f R>¡.

ggpV$dp„ qÓ y„X$ L$f¡gy„ R>¡ A_¡ c°|dÝedp„ Qp„v$gp¡ ip¡c¡ R>¡. v$¡hu, ep¡NuAp¡_p d_ê$ù (dp_k) kfp¡hfdp„

r_hpk L$f_pf l„kgu R>¡.

v$¡huA¡ fÐ_S>qX$s kyhZ®_p¡ dyLy$V$ pfZ L$ep£ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ khp¯N ky„v$f R>¡. b°ûp-rhóÏ - dl¡i s¡d_u h„v$_p

L$f¡ R>¡. cL$s_u CÃR>p âdpZ¡ hfv$p_ Ap ¡ R>¡. L$ê$Zp\u S>¡d_y„ rQÑ l„d¡ip ApÖ® (cu_y„) fl¡ R>¡. kpd°pS>eê$ù

k„`v$p_¡ ^pfZ L$fhphpmp A¡ v$¡hspAp¡_p kpd°pou R>¡. CÞÖpqv$ v$¡hp¡ S>¡d_p QfZL$dm_u k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡ A¡hp

tklpk_¡ðfu fpçbp v$¡hu d_¡ v$i®_ Ap`¡ - Ap âdpZ¡ fpÅ v$if\¡ OZuhpf ky u v$¡hu_„y Ýep_ A_¡ õsyrs L$ep®,

bly h÷p¡ A_¡ ky„v$f dL$p_ îu cNhsu_u k¡hpdp„ A`®Z L$ep® R>u fpÅ d„qv$fdp„\u blpf _uL$ýep.

d„qv$f_u blpf S>dZu bpSy> îu dlpNp¥fu rhfpS>dp_ R>¡. (A\p®s¹ S>dZu bpSy> îu dlpNp¥fu_y„ d„qv$f

R>¡.) Ðep„ S>C_¡ fpÅA¡ s¡d_¡ v„$X$hs¹ âZpd L$fu, õsyrs L$fu A_¡ Ðep„ `Z bly qL„$dsu h÷p¡ A`®Z L$ep®, Ad|ëe

Of¡Zp dpsp îu dlpNp¥fu_p QfZp¡dp„ fu, âv$rnZp L$fu_¡ Ð_u kp\¡ blpf Apìep.

Ny{$A¡ L$üp âdpZ¡ dlp`|Å L$fu, v$¡hu_y„ tQs_ L$fsp R>u s¡Ap¡ kps qv$hk-fpqÓ Ðep„ füp. ApW$d¡ qv$hk¡

cqL$s |h®L$ v$¡hu_p v$i®_ L$ep®. "l¡ Açbp ! CqÃR>s hfv$p_ Ap`p¡' - A¡d d_\u âp\®_p L$fu.

L$pdpnu AÐe„s âkß \ep A_¡ ApL$pihpZu\u L$üy„ : l¡ fpÅ ! dpfp A„i\u s_¡ Qpf yÓp¡ \i¡.

v$¡hu_p hQ_ kp„cmu, fpÅ AÐe„s âkß \ep A_¡ cNhsu_¡ kpô$p„N âZpd L$fu A_Þe cph\u

S>NÞdpsp_p ifZ¡ \ep.

Ðepfbpv$ Ð_u A_¡ d„ÓuAp¡ krls CÞvy$drs _„v$_ v$if\ fpÅA¡ d_\u îu cNhsu_u Apop guû A_¡

Aep¡Ýepdp„ Aphu Nep.

Aphp âcphhpmp L$pdpnu kh®_y„ L$ëepZ CÃR>hphpmp R>¡. b^p cL$sp¡_u d_p¡L$pd_p |Z® L$fhphpmp R>¡.

Ap `fpv$¡hsp L$pdpnu_u rhr^hs¹ D`pk_p L$fu_¡ gp¡L$p¡_u bû L$pd_p `|Z® \pe R>¡. ApS>¡ `Z l¡ dyr_ !

cqL$shpmp gp¡L$p¡ am d¡mh¡ R>¡ A_¡ crhóedp„ Z A_¡L$p¡ D`f v$¡hu_u L$fyZp×[ô$ \i¡.

Ap îuv$¡hu_y„ dlpÐçe hZ®hhp L$p¡C kd\® _\u. ly„ (leN°uh), b°ûp, rhóÏ, dl¡i `Z kd\® _\u sp¡

buÅ_u sp¡ iy„ hps ?

Ap fus¡ sd_¡ L$pdpnuv$¡hu, L$¡ S>¡ Ap d_yóegp¡L$ (c|gp¡L$)dp„ gp¡L$p¡_y„ L$ëepZ L$f_pfy„ kpnps¹ îu

grgspA„bp_y„ õhê$` R>¡ s¡d_p DÄS>hm õhcph (QqfÓ)_y„ d¢ hZ®_ L$ey¯. S>¡ Ap_¡ kp„cm¡ L$¡ hp„Q¡ s¡_p kh® p`

_pi pd¡ R>¡.

128

pp îu NZ¡ipe _d: pp

A\ MP¹Ndpgp dÞÓ(A\ jX$¹A„N dpgp dÞÓ)

Aõe îu MP¹Ndpgp dÞÓõe, D`õ\pr^›$peu h{$Zpqv$ÐeF$je¡ _d: rifk¡, NpeÓu

R>Þv$k¡ _d: dyM¡, grgsp v$¡hspe¥ _d: ùv$e¡, L$ A¡ C g l²] buÅe _d: Nyü¡, lkL$lgl²] i¼se¡

_d: `pv$ep¡:, kL$g l²] L$ugL$pe _d: _pcp¥, îu grgsp v$¡hsp âkpv$ rkÙe\£ `pW$¡ rhr_ep¡Npe

_d: khpN¡ p

L|$V$Óe qÜfph©Ðep L$fjX„$NÞepkp¥ (_uQ¡ âdpZ¡ Þepk L$fhp)

L$fÞepk

L$A¡Cgl²] A„Ny›$pæep„ _d: p lkL$lgl²] sS®>_uæep„ _d: p kL$g l²] dÝedpæep„ _d: p

L$A¡Cgl²] A_prdL$pæep„ _d: p lkL$lgl²] L$r_róWL$pæep„ _d: p kL$g l²] L$fsgL$f ©›$pæep„ _d: p

A„NÞepk

L$A¡Cgl²] ùv$epe _d: p lkL$lgl²] rifk¡ õhplp p kL$g l²] riMpe¥ hjV$¹ p L$A¡Cgl²]

L$hQpe lyd¹ p lkL$lg l²] _¡ÓÓepe hp¥jV$¹ p kL$g l²] A÷pe aV$¹ p ± c|cy®h: õh: Ap¡d¹ Crs

qv$Áb„^: p

Ýep_d¹

`v$¹d`fpN âsuL$pip„ qÓ_¡Óp„ QÞÖi¡Mfpd¹ p

_hfÐ_gkv$¹c|jp„ c|rjsp`pv$dõsL$pd¹ pp 1 pp

`pipP¹Ly$ip¥ yóìfp_¹ v$^s] `yÎX²$Qp`L$d¹ p

`|Z® sp{$Îe gphÎe sf„rNs L$g¡hfpd¹ pp

õh kdp_pL$pf h¡j L$pd¡ipïg¡j kyÞv$fpd¹ pp 2 pp

sp×i„ MX$¹Ndpà_p¡rs e¡_ lõs qõ\s¡_ h¥ p

Aô$pv$i dlpqÜ` kd°pV$¹ cp¡¼sp crhíers pp 3 pp

pp Crs ÝepÐhp dp_k¥: kç`|Äe pp

± A¦ l²] î] ± _d: qÓ`yf kyÞv$qf ùv$ev$¡rh rifp¡v$¡rh riMpv$¡rh L$hQv$¡rh _¡Óv$¡rh

A÷v$¡rh L$pd¡ðqf cNdprgr_ r_ÐeqL$gÞ_¡ c¡fy„X$¡ hø¹r_hprkr_ dlphÇ>¡ðfu rihv|$rs Ðhqfs¡

Ly$gkyÞv$qf r_Ðe¡ _ug`spL$¡ rhS>e¡ kh®d„Ng¡ Ähpgpdprgr_ rQÓ¡ dlpr_Ðe¡ `fd¢ðf `fd¢ðqf

rdÓuidre j›$uidre DÍ$uidre Qep®_p\dre gp¡`pdyÖpdre ANõÐedre L$pgsp`_dre

129

^dp®Qpe®dre dy¼sL$¡iuðfdre v$u`L$gp_p\dre rhóÏv$¡hdre âcpL$fv$¡hdre s¡Å¡v$¡hdre

d_p¡S>v$¡hdre L$ëepZv$¡hdre fÐ_v$¡hdre hpkyv$¡hdre îu fpdp_Þv$dre ArZdprkÙ¡

gqOdprkÙ¡ drldprkÙ¡ BriÐhrkÙ¡ hriÐhrkÙ¡ âpL$pçerkÙ¡ cy[¼srkÙ¡ CÃR>prkÙ¡

âpqárkÙ¡ kh®L$pdrkÙ¡ b°p[û dpl¡ðqf L$p¥dpqf h¥óZrh hpfprl dpl¡qÞÖ Qpdy„X$¡ dlpgÿdu kh®

k„np¡rcrZ kh® rhÖprhrZ khp®L$j®rZ kh®hi„L$qf khp§Þdpqv$r_ kh®dlp„Ly$i¡ kh®M¡Qqf kh®buS>¡

kh®ep¡_¡ kh®qÓM„X$¡ Ó¥gp¡L$edp¡l_ Q¾$ õhprdr_ âL$V$ ep¡rNr_ L$pdpL$j®rZ byÝepL$j®rZ

Al„L$pfpL$j®rZ iåv$pL$j®rZ õìp®L$j®rZ {$`pL$j®rZ fkpL$j®rZ NÞ^pL$j®rZ rQÑpL$j®rZ

^¥ep®L$j®rZ õd©ÐepL$j®rZ _pdpL$j®rZ buÅL$j®rZ ApÐdpL$j®rZ Ad©spL$j®rZ ifufpL$j®rZ

khp®ip`qf`|fL$ Q¾$ õhprdr_ Nyáep¡rNr_ A_„NLy$kyd¡ A_„Nd¡Mg¡ A_„Ndv$_¡ A_„Ndv$_psyf¡

A_„Nf¡M¡ A_„Nh¡rNr_ A_„NA„Ly$i¡ A_„Ndprgr_ kh®k„np¡cZ Q¾$õhprdr_ Nyásf ep¡rNr_

kh®k„np¡rcrZ kh®rhÖprhrZ khp®L$j®rZ khp®ø¹gpqv$r_ kh®kçdp¡rlr_ kh®õsqçcr_

kh®S©>qçcrZ kh®hi„L$qf kh®f„rS>r_ khp§Þdpqv$r_ khp®\®kpr^r_ kh®kç`rÑ`|frZ

kh®dÞÓdre kh®ÜÞÜne„L$qf kh®kp¥cpÁev$peL$ Q¾$õhprdr_ kçâv$pe ep¡rNr_ kh®rkqÙâv$¡

kh®kç`Ðâv$¡ kh®râe„L$qf kh®d„NgL$pqfrZ kh®L$pdâv$¡ kh®vy$:Mrhdp¡rQr_ kh®d©Ðeyâidr_

kh®rhÂ_r_hpqfrZ khp¯N kyÞv$qf kh®kp¥cpÁev$prer_ khp®\®kp^L$ Q¾$õhprdr_ Ly$gp¡ÑuZ®

ep¡rNr_ kh®o¡ kh®i¼s¡ kh§ðe®âv$¡ kh®op_de¡ kh®ìepr^ rh_prir_ khp®^pf õhê$`¡ kh®`p`lf¡

khp®_Þv$de¡ kh®fnpõhê$r`rZ kh£qàksâv$¡ kh®fnpL$fQ¾$ õhprdr_ r_Nc®ep¡rNr_ hrir_

L$pd¡ðqf dp¡ql_u rhdg¡ A{$Z¡ S>rer_ kh£ðqf L$p¥rgr_ kh®fp¡Nlf Q¾$õhprdr_ flõeep¡rNq_

bprZr_ Qpr`r_ `prir_ A„Ly$rir_ dlpL$pd¡ðqf dlphÇ>¡ðqf dlpcNdprgr_ dlpîukyÞv$qf

kh®rkqÙâv$ Q¾$õhprdr_ Ars flõe ep¡rNr_ îu îu dlpcË$pqfL$¡ khp®_Þv$de Q¾$õhprdr_

`fp`f flõeep¡rNr_ qÓ`yf¡ qÓ`yf¡iu qÓ`yfkyÞv$qf qÓ`yfhprkr_ qÓ`yfpîu, qÓ`yfdprgr_

qÓ`yfprkÙ¡ qÓ`yfpçb¡ dlpqÓ`yfkyÞv$qf dlpdl¡ðqf dlpdlpfpro dlpdlpi¼s¡ dlpdlpNyá¡

dlpdlpoá¡ dlpdlp_Þv$¡ dlpdlpõ`Þv$¡ dlpdlpie¡ dlpdlpîuQ¾$_Nf kpd°pro _dõs¡

_dõs¡ õhplp p

pp î] l²] A¢ ± îu `fv$¡hsp`®Zdõsy pp

pp Crs MP¹Ndpgp dÞÓ kdpá: pp

(MP ¹Ndpgp dÞÓ_y„ flõe : Ap d„Óê$` õsp¡Ó_p¡ `pW$ L$fhp\u ApMp îue„Ó_u kdõs

v$¡huAp¡ - i[¼sAp¡_y„ blpf_p AphfZ\u gC_¡ A„v$f_p dÝetbvy$dp„ rhfpS>dp_ dp cNhsu

dlpqÓ`yfkyÞv$qf îu grgspA„bp e¯s kh®_y„ õdfZ A_¡ Apfp^_ \pe R>¡. dpV$¡ Ap MP ¹Ndpgp

dÞÓ A¡ îue„Ó_u kp^_p D`pk_p L$fhp dpV$¡_y„ DÑd kp^_ R>¡.)

130

pp îu grgsp `fpçbp kl÷ _pdphrg: pp""Ap kl÷_pd_p¡ `pW$ L$fhp\u ApMp îu grgsp QqfÓ_p¡ `pW$ L$fhp kdp_ `yÎeam dm¡ R>¡.''

d„Ng L$pd_p

`fd `|Äe dp cNhsu îu grgsp A„bpÆ_p d„Ngde iyc QqfÓ_p kpfê$` Ap ky„v$f _pd-`yó`p¡_u

kl÷_pdphguê$ù `yó`dpgp îu `fpqçbL$pÆ_¡ kpv$f kd`®Z L$fuA¡ R>uA¡. dp cNhsu_u L©$`p Ap`Zp kly

D`f b_u fl¡ s¡hu âp\®_p.

pp Þepk: pp

± Aõe îu grgsp fpçbp kl÷_pd dpgp dlpdÞÓõe hriÞepqv$ hpÁv$¡hsp F©$je: p A_yôy$`¹ R>Þv$: p

îu grgsp fd¡ðfu v$¡hsp p îudv$¹ hpÁch L|$V$¡rs buS>d¹ p dÝeL|$V$¡rs i[¼s: p i[¼sL|V$¡rs L$ugL$d¹ p d|g âL©$rs: Crs

Ýep_d¹ p

pp L$fÞepk: pp

± A¦ A„Ny›$pæep„ _d: p ± L$g] sS®>_uæep„ _d: p ± kp¥: dÝedpæep„ _d: p ± kp¥: A_prdL$pæep„ _d: p

± L$g] L$r_róW$Lpæep„ _d: p ± A¦ L$fsg L$f`©›$pæep„ _d: p

pp A„NÞepk: pp

± A¦ ùv$epe _d: p ± L$g] rifk¡ õhplp p ± kp¥: riMpe¥ hjV$¹ p ± kp¥: L$hQpe lyd¹ p ± L$g] _¡ÓÓepe

hp¥jV$¹ p ± A¦ A÷pe aV$¹ p ± c|cy®h: õhfp¡rdrs qv$Áb„ : p

± dd îu grgspdlpqÓ`yf kyÞv$fu âkpv$ rkqÙ Üpfp

rQqÞss agâpàÐe\£ S>`¡ rhr_ep¡N: pp

pp Ýep_d¹ pp

rkÞv|$fp{$Z rhN°lp„ qÓ_e_p„ dprZ¼edp¥rgõayfv$¹

spfp_peL$i¡Mfp„ qõdsdyMud¹ Apù_hnp¡{$lpd¹ p

`prZæep„ Arg`|Z®fÐ_QjL„$ fL$sp¡Ð`g„ rbc°s]

kp¡çep„ fÐ_OV$õ\fL$sQfZp„ Ýepe¡s¹ `fpd¹ A„rbL$pd¹ pp

pp grdÐepqv$ `„Q`|Å pp

"g„' `©r\husÒhpqÐdL$pe¥ îu grgspqçbL$pe¥ NÞ^„ `qfL$ëèprd

"l„' ApL$pisÒhpqÐdL$pe¥ îu grgspqçbL$pe¥ `yó`„ `qfL$ëèprd

"e„' hpeysÒhpqÐdL$pe¥ îu grgspqçbL$pe¥ ^|`„ `qfL$ëèprd

"f„' hø¹r_sÒhpqÐdL$pe¥ îu grgspqçbL$pe¥ v$u`„ `qfL$ëèprd

"h„' Ad©ssÒhpqÐdL$pe¥ îu grgspqçbL$pe¥ Ad©s„_¥h¡Û„ `qfL$ëèprd

"k„' kh®sÒhpqÐdL$pe¥ îu grgspqçbL$pe¥ spçb|g Apqv$ khp£`Qpfp_¹ `qfL$ëèprd p

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pp A\ îu grgsp `fpçbp kl÷_pdphqg: pp

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213. ± Að k¡_p õhprdÞe¥ _d:

214. ± NS> k¡_p õhprdÞe¥ _d:

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217. ± A_¡L$ k¡hL$NZ õhprdÞe¥ _d:

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882. ± rihi[¼s A¥L$e ê$`pe¥ _d:

883. ± Apqv$v$¡h L$pd¡ðf kl ip¡rcspe¥ _d:

884. ± dÝepø¹_ k|e® kd âcpey¼spe¥ _d:

885. ± kv$p ip¡X$juL$p ê$`pe¥ _d:

886. ± _h ep¥h_ Nrh®spe¥ _d:

887. ± `v¹dfpNdrZ kd QfZip¡cpY$epe¥ _d:

888. ± Q„v$_QrQ®s QfZ `ëghpe¥ _d:

889. ± fL$spcp_MdrZ ip¡cpey¼spe¥ _d:

890. ± gprgdpey¼s QfZsg kp¥Þv$ep®e¥ _d:

891. ± _|`yf d^yf Ýhr_ T„L©$s L$fpe¥ _d:

892. ± L$fL„$L$Z iåv$ dp¡rls L$fpe¥ _d:

893. ± L$pdv$¡hs|rZf gS>Åedp_ L©$spS„>Op ip¡c_pe¥ _d:

894. ± lqõsi|„X$v„$X$ kd c|S> ip¡cpqÞhspe¥ _d:

144

895. ± L$v$rgõs„ckd dpv®$hp¡{$ ÜepqÞhspe¥ _d:

896. ± fL$shZ® k|ÿd A„bf ^fpe¥ _d:

897. ± âL$pris khp¯N kp¥Þv$e® depe¥ _d:

898. ± fÐ_qL„$qL$rZL$p ip¡rcs L$qV$sV$pe¥ _d:

899. ± Nl_ _prcv$¡i¡ k„kpfL$¡ÞÖ ê$`pe¥ _d:

900. ± qÓhguey¼s Dv$fip¡cp _v$usf„N kdQ„Qgpe¥ _d:

901. ± dyL$spdrZeyL$s ky„v$f h÷ph©s hnõ\g ip¡rcspe¥ _d:

902. ± nuZL$qV$ ip¡rcspe¥ _d:

903. ± `yó`kyL$p¡dg Qsycy®Åe¥ _d:

904. ± c|S>b„^ L„$N_ kyip¡rcs bplh¡ _d:

905. ± A„N|rg kp¦v$e® lõspåÅe¥ _d:

906. ± õL„$^ kp¦v$e® ^fpe¥ _d:

907. ± i„M kd Asyëe N°uhp ip¡cp ^fpe¥ _d:

908. ± v$`®Z kd dyMip¡cp ^fpe¥ _d:

909. ± rQbyL$ îu rhfprS>spe¥ _d:

910. ± tbbpagkd A^f ip¡cp ^fpe¥ _d:

911. ± `rhÓ `„[¼sbÙ rhÛpê$ù v„sphrg âL$prispe¥ _d:

912. ± _pkpN°¡ hf dp¥[¼sL„$ ip¡rcspe¥ _d:

913. ± L$¡sL$u `yó` k×íe ApL$Z® v$uO® _e_ ky„v$fpe¥ _d:

914. ± A^®Q„Ö kd DÄS>hg cpgâv$¡i kp¦v$ep®e¥ _d:

915. ± `|Z®Q„Ö kd DÄS>hg dyMQ„Ö kp¦v$ep®e¥ _d:

916. ± kp¥cpÁeipqg_u ê$`pe¥ _d:

917. ± ip¡cp ê$`pe¥ _d:

918. ± Arsd_p¡lfpe¥ _d:

919. ± dprZL$eS>qV$s kyhZ® Ly„$X$g ip¡rcs L$Z®eyNgpe¥ _d:

920. ± L$õs|fu Ly$„Ly$dtbv$u ip¡cpL©$s¡ _d:

921. ± L$`|®frhV$uL$p sp„byg kp¥NqÞ^L©$s v$iqv$ipe¥ _d:

922. ± ifv$¹Q„Ö d„X$g kd dyMpfthv$ ip¡cpe¥ _d:

923. ± rQ„spdrZfÐ_lpf kyip¡rcspe¥ _d:

924. ± fÐ_dyLy$V$ ip¡cp d„qX$spe¥ _d:

925. ± L$õs|fu rsgL$ kyip¡c_pe¥ _d:

926. ± cpg¡ fÐ_kd s©sue _¡Ó âcprkspe¥ _d:

927. ± âNpY$ íepdg Ly„$rQs L$¡i ip¡cpqÞhspe¥ _d:

928. ± dõsL$¡ tkv|$f ip¡cp Dv¹cprkspe¥ _d:

929. ± Q„ÖL$gp ip¡rcspe¥ _d:

930. ± khp®g„L$pf c|rjspe¥ _d:

931. ± kdõs gp¡L$ S>_Þe¥ _d:

932. ± kv$p Ap_„v$ hr^®Þe¥ _d:

933. ± b°ûprhóÏ dlpv$¡h Bðf kv$prih dlpL$pfZ ê$`pe¥ _d:

934. ± L©$`p L${$Zp ×[ô$ L$fpe¥ _d:

935. ± kh® `p` rh_priÞe¥ _d:

936. ± kh®v$¡h kds|ëe `|S>_ag âv$preÞe¥ _d:

937. ± d_p¡hpZu ANp¡Qfpe¥ _d:

938. ± kh® hpZu h©qÑ r_h©Ñ L$fpe¥ _d:

939. ± õhcL$s `fdNrs âv$preÞe¥ _d:

940. ± õhcL$s îu`yf^pd âv$preÞe¥ _d:

941. ± d„Ó kp^_ ê$`pe¥ _d:

942. ± iåv$ ê$`pe¥ _d:

943. ± h¡v$fpri ê$`pe¥ _d:

944. ± rhóÏd„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

945. ± vy$Np®d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

946. ± NZ¡id„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

947. ± k|e®d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

948. ± rih d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

949. ± gÿdu d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

950. ± kfõhsu d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

951. ± `ph®su d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

952. ± Apd_pe h¡v$ d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

953. ± hfpl d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

954. ± dlpL$pgu d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

955. ± v$idlprhÛp d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

956. ± gp¡`pdyÖpfrQs lpqv$ rhÛp ê$`pe¥ _d:

145

957. ± rih L$pd¡ðf frQs L$pqv$ rhÛp ê$`pe¥ _d:

958. ± "l'L$pf Apqv$ L$pd¡ðf dlpv$¡h rhÛp ê$`pe¥ _d:

959. ± "L$'L$pf Apqv$ grgsp A„bp rhÛp ê$`pe¥ _d:

960. ± `„Qv$ipnfu rhÛp ê$`pe¥ _d:

961. ± jp¡X$iu ê$`pe¥ _d:

962. ± `fprhÛp ê$`pe¥ _d:

963. ± îurhÛp ê$`pe¥ _d:

964. ± kh®rkqÙ âv$pe¥ _d:

965. ± kh®op_ âv$pe¥ _d:

966. ± kh® A¥ðe® âv$pe¥ _d:

967. ± AÐe„s vy$g®c ê$`pe¥ _d:

968. ± AÐe„s Np¡`_ue ê$`pe¥ _d:

969. ± dlpflõe ê$`pe¥ _d:

970. ± dlprhÛp ê$`pe¥ _d:

971. ± `fdpÐdp ê$`pe¥ _d:

972. ± `fdNrs ê$`pe¥ _d:

973. ± L$pdpnu ê$`pe¥ _d:

974. ± ArMg h„i `ph_ L$fpe¥ _d:

975. ± kh®S>_ dyL$s s©á L$fpe¥ _d:

976. ± dlpsu\® õhê$`pe¥ _d:

977. ± dlpag õhê$`pe¥ _d:

978. ± `fpcqL$s âv$preÞe¥ _d:

979. ± buS> d„Ó ê$`pe¥ _d:

980. ± buS>i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

981. ± Æh_i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

982. ± âpZi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

983. ± kp¥fi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

984. ± ApÐdi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

985. ± ê$`p„sfi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

986. ± DÐ¾$p„rsi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

987. ± `pQ_i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

988. ± byqÙi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

989. ± kl_i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

990. ± ¥e®i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

991. ± ^pfZpi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

992. ± k„L$ëì[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

993. ± îÙpi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

994. ± kS®>_i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

995. ± s`:i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

996. ± S>`:i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

997. ± A¡L$pN°spi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

998. ± â¡fZpi[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

999. ± â¡di[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

1000. ± ep¡Ni[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

1001. ± rhði[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

1002. ± b°ûp„X$i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

1003. ± kh®i[¼s ê$`pe¥ _d:

1004. ± kh®i[¼s âv$pe¥ _d:

1005. ± kh® v$¡hu õhê$`pe¥ _d:

1006. ± L$p„Qu`yfpûðe§ _d:

1007. ± L$pdL$p¡V$u ùW$ qõ\spe¥ _d:

1008. ± L$pdpnu v$¡ìe¥ _d:

pp ± A_ÞsL$p¡qV$ b°ûp„X S>__u îu dlpqÓ`yfky„v$e§ _dp¡ _d: pp$

146

îurhÛp_p d„Óp¡

1. L$pqv$ rhÛp :-

L$ A¡ B g l²]

l k L$ l g l$²]

k L$ g l$²]

2. l$pqv$ rhÛp :-

l k L$ g l²]

l k L$ l g l$²]

k L$ g l$²]

3. `„Q ky„v$fu rhÛp (`p„Q d„Óp¡):-

l L$ g$ k l²]

L$ A¡ g$ k l$²]

L$ g$ k l l$²]

1. cpjp :

l k$ L$$ g l²]

l g L$$ l k l$²]

k L$$ g l$²]

2. k©[óV$ :

l g$ L$$ k l²]

L$ k l g l$²]

L$ l$$ k g l$²]

3. qõ\rs :

l g$ L$$ k l²]L$ k l$ g l$²]l$ l$ L$ g l$²]

4. kçl©$rs (k„lpf) :

g L$$ k$$ l²]k l L$$ g l$²]l k$$ k l L$ l$²]

5. r_f¿ep :

4. jp¡X$iu rhÛp (16 Anfu d„Ó)

± L$ A¡ B g l²]

l k L$$ l g l$²]

k$ L$$ g$ l$²]

1.

î]

± L$ A¡ B g l²]

l k L$$ l g l$²]

k$ L$$ g$ l$²]

2.

A¦

± L$ A¡ B g l²]

l k L$$ l g l$²]

k$ L$$ g$ l$²]

3.

L$g]

5. káv$i rhÛp (17 Anfu d„Ó)

± L$ A¡ B g l²]

l k L$$ l g l$²]

k$ L$$ g$ l$²] î] l„kp

147

6. Aô$pv$i rhÛp (18 Anfu d„Ó)

A¦ L$ A¡ B g l²]l$²] l k L$$ l g l$²]î] k$ L$$ g$ l$²]

7. rkÙ edg rhÛp(21 Anfu d„Ó)

L$ A¡ B g l²]l k L$$ l g l$²]k$ L$$ g$ l$²]

÷] A¦ ¾$p¦ ¾$] ¼gp„ l|„

8. dlp jp¡X$iu (28 Anfu d„Ó)

L$ A¡ B g l²]l k L$$ l g l$²]k$ L$$ g$ l$²] kp¥ A¦ ¼g] l²] î]

± î] l²] ¼g] A¦ kp¥

± î] l²]

9. `fprhÛp (37 Anfu d„Ó)

± A¦ ¼g] kp¥L$ A¡ B g l²] kp¥ ¼g] A¦

± A¦ ¼g] kp¥l k L$$ l g l$²] kp¥ ¼g] A¦

± A¦ ¼g] kp¥k L$$ g l$²] kp¥ ¼g] A¦ ±

10. îu bpgp qÓ`yf ky„v$fu d„Ó

1) A¦ ¼g] kp¥A¦ ¼g] kp¥ kp¥ ¼g] A¦ 2)

11. îu d„qÓZu_p\p d„Ó (fpS> dps„Nu)

1) A¦ ¼g] kp¥ A¦ l²] î] ±l²] î] ¼g] A¦ 2)

A¦ l²] î] 3)

A¦ ¼g] kp¥ ± _dp¡ cNhsu fpS> dps„N¡ðfu A¦ l÷¦ l k L$ l g l²] l÷p¦

12. îu v„$X$_p\p v$¡hu d„Ó (hpfplu v$¡hu)

A¦ Ágp¦ A¦± _dp¡ cNhsuhpsp®gu hpfpluhfplpdyMul÷¦ k L$ g l²] l÷p¦

13. îu âÐe„rNfp v$¡hu d„Ó (fnZpÐdL$)

l²] np„âÐe„rNf¡¼g] l²] np„l|„ aV$¹ kp¥

148

îuds¹ i„L$fpQpe® rhfrQs L$ëepZh©[ô$õsp¡Ó - jp¡X$iu L$ëepZ õsp¡Ó

ëepZ h©qóV$rcrfhpd©s`|qfsprc: gÿdu õhe„ hfZ d„Ng v$ur`L$prc:k¡hprcfçb sh `pv$kfp¡S>d|g¡ _pL$pqf qL„$ d_rk c[¼sdsp„ S>_p_pd¹

sphv$¡h S>_r_ õ ©lrZedpõs¡ Ðhv$¹hÞv$_¡jy krggõ\rNs¡ Q _¡Ó¡kp„r_ÝedyÛv${$Zpeskp¡v$fõe sqÜN°lõe kyêp `fepàgysõe

riÐhcphL$gyjp: L$rs _pd kqÞs b°ûpv$e: ârseyN„ âgeprcc|sp:A¡L$: k A¡h S>_r_ qõ\frkqÙfpõs¡ e: `pv$ep¡õsh kL©$s âZts L$fp¡rs

å^hp kL©$s¹ qÓ`yfkyÞv$qf sphL$u_„ L$p{$ÎeL$Þv$rgsL$pqÞscf„ L$V$pnd¹L$Þv$`®cphkycNpõÐhre c[¼scpS>: kçdp¡leqÞs s{$Zucy®h_Óe¡jy

L$pfd¡h sh _pd N©ZqÞs h¡v$p dpsq÷L$p¡Zr_ge¡ qÓ`yf¡ rÓ_¡Ó¡eÐk„õd©sp¥ edcV$pqv$ce„ rhlpe v$uìeqÞs _Þv$_h_¡ kl gp¡L$`pg¥:

Þsy: `yfpdr^Ng„ `qf`|e®dpZ: ¾|$f: L$\„ _y crhsp Nfgõe h¡N:Apðpk_pe qL$g dpsqfv„$ shp^¯ v$ ¡lõe iðv$d©spàgysiusgõe

h®osp„ kv$rk hpL$¹`Vy$sp„ âk|s¡ v$¡rh Ðhv„$qO°kfku{$lep¡: âZpd: qL„$ Q õayfÞdyLy$V$dyÄS>hgdps`Ó„ Ü¡ Qpdf¡ Q hky^p„ dls] v$v$prs

ë`Öyd¥frcdsârs`pv$_¡jy L $p{$Îehpqfr^rcfçb chÐL$V $pn¥:Apgp¡L$e qÓ`yfkyÞv$qf dpd_p\„ Ðhèe¡h c[¼s cqfs„ Ðhre v$Ñ×[ô$d¹

Þs¡sf¡óhr` d_p„rk r_^pe QpÞe¡ c[¼s„ hlqÞs qL$g `pdfv$¥hs¡jyÐhpd¡h v$¡rh d_kp hQkp õdfprd Ðhpd¡h _p¥rd ifZ„ S>Nrs Ðhd¡h

ÿe¡jy kÐõhr` shprnrhgp¡L$_p_pd¹ Apgp¡¼e qÓ`yf kyÞv$qf dp„ L$\„rQs¹_|_„ depr` k×i„ L${$Z¥L$`pÓ„ Åsp¡ S>r_óers S>_p¡ _ Q Åes¡ Q

l²urdrs ârsqv$_„ S>`sp„ S>_p_p„ qL„$ _pd vy$g®crdl qÓ`yfpr^hpk¡dpgpqL$fuV$ dv$hpfZ dp__uep„õsp_¹ k¡hs¡ d^ydsu õhed¡h gÿdu:

ç`ÐLfprZ kL$g¡qÞÖe_Þv$_pr_ kpd°pÄev$p_Ly$igpr_ kfp¡{$lprnÐhÜÞÜ_pr_ vyqfsp¥Olfp¡Ûspr_ dpd¡h dpsfr_i„ L$geÞsy _pÞed¹ë`p¡`k„lfZ L$që`s sp„X $hõe v$¡hõe M„X$`fip¡: `fd¡ðfõe

`pip„Ly$i¥nhifpk_ `yó`bpZp kp kprnZu rhS>es¡ sh d|rs®f¡L$pÁ_„ kv$p chsy dpsqfv„$ shp^¯ s¡S>: `f„ blygLy„$Ly$d`„L$ip¡Zd¹

cpõhqÐL$fuV$d¹ Ad©sp„iyL$gphs„k„ dÝe¡ qÓL$p¡Zdyqv$s„ `fdpd©spÖ®d¹ L$pfd¡h sh ^pd sv$¡h {$`„ Ðhßpd kyÞv$qf kfp¡S>r_hpk d|g¡

ÐhÑ¡S>kp `qfZs rhev$pqv$c|s„ kp¥¿e„ s_p¡rs kfku{$lkçchpv$¡L$pfÓek„`yV$¡_ dlsp dÞÓ¡Z k„v$ur`s„

õsp¡Ó„ e: ârshpkf„ sh `yfp¡ dpsS®>`¡ÞdÞÓrhs¹sõe np¡rZc|Å¡ chqÞs hiNp gÿduqíQõ\pre_u hpZu r_d®gk|[¼scpfcqfsp ÅNrs® v$uO¯ he:

ppp 1 ppppp 2 ppppp 3 ppppp 4 ppppp 5 ppppp 6 ppppp 7 ppppp 8 ppppp 9 ppppp 10 ppppp 11 ppppp 12 ppppp 13 ppppp 14 ppppp 15 pp

p

pp 16 pp

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

pp Brs îuds¹ i„L$fpQpe® rhfrQs„ L$ëepZh©qóV$ õsp¡Ó„ k„`|Z®d¹ pp

149

îuds¹ i„L$fpQpe® rhfrQs L$ëepZh©[ô$õsp¡Ó_p¡ NyS>fpsu A_yhpv$

(1) l¡ A„b ! Ad©s\u `qf`|Z® L$ëepZ_u hjp® L$f_pfp gÿduÆ_u k¡hp_¡ õhe„ hfZ (`k„v$) L$f_pfu d„Ngdeu v$u`dpgp_u S>¡d - Ap`_u k¡hp L$fhp\u, Ap`_p QfZL$dgp¡dp„ c[¼scph fpM_pfp d_yóep¡_p kh® d_p¡f\p¡ |Z® \B Åe R>¡. pp 1 pp

(2) S>_r_ ! dpfu sp¡ bk A¡hu S> BÃR>p R>¡ L$¡ `fdp¡ÐL©$ô$ Ad©s-ky^p\u `qf`|Z® s\p Dv$e `pdu fl¡gp A{$ZhZ®_p k|e®_u kdp_ Ap`_p A{$Z îurhN°l_u r_L$V$ `lp¢Qu_¡ Ap`_u h„v$_p L$fhp kde¡ dpfp _¡Óp¡ AîyS>g\u qf`|Z® \B Åe. pp 2 pp

(3) dpƒ ! BðfÐh_p cph\u L$gyrjs b°ûp Apqv$ L$¡V$gp„e¡ v$¡hspAp¡ âÐe¡L$ eyNdp„ âge_p kde¡ rh_ô$ \B Åe R>¡, Z A¡L$ A¡hu S> ìe[¼s qõ\frkqÙey¼s rhÛdp_ fl¡ R>¡, S>¡ A¡L$ hpf Ap`_p„ QfZp¡dp„ âZpd L$fu g¡ R>¡. pp 3 pp

(4) qÓ`yfkyÞv$qf ! Ap`_pdp„ c[¼scph fpM_pfp c¼sS>_ A¡L$hpf `Z Ap`_p L${$Zpde _¡Ó L$V$pn_¡ `pdu Åe sp¡ L$pdv$¡h kdp_ kp¥Þv$e®ipmu \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ kdõs qÓcyh__p ÷u-âL©$rs sÒh_¡ k„dp¡rls - hi L$f_pf \B Åe R>¡. pp 4 pp

(5) qÓL$p¡Zdp„ r_hpk L$f_pfp s\p ÓZ _¡Óp¡\u kyip¡rcs dpsp qÓ`yfkyÞv$qf ! h¡v$ "l²]' L$pf_¡ S> Ap`_y„ _pd L$l¡ R>¡. Ap _pd_y„ S>¡ õdfZdpÓ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ c¼sS>_p¡ edv|$sp¡_p ce_¡ ÐepNu_¡ gp¡L$`pgp¡ (v$¡hspAp¡)_u kp\¡ õhN®_p _„v$_h_dp„ ¾$uX$p L$f¡ R>¡. pp 5 pp

(6) dpsp ! r_f„sf Ad©s\u qf`|Z® lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ iusg b_u fl¡gp Ap`_p ifuf_p¡ A^®cpN S>¡d_u kp\¡ k„gÁ_ R>¡ s¡hp qÓ`yflÞsp i„L$fÆ_p Nmpdp„ fl¡gy„ lgplg rhj, s¡d_p dpV$¡ Ar_óV$L$pfL$ L$¡hu fus¡ \B iL$¡ ? pp 6 pp

(7) v$¡rh ! Ap`_p QfZL$dgp¡dp„ L$f¡gp„ âZpd, kh®osp A_¡ kcpdp» hp¼¹-Qpsye® sp¡ DÐ`ß L$f¡ S> R>¡, kp\¡ S> Ap`_p c¼s_¡ s¡ Dv$¹cprks dyLy$V$, ð¡s R>Ó, b¡ Qpdf A_¡ ©Õhu_y„ kpd°pÄe Z âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡. pp 7 pp

(8) dpƒ qÓ`yfkyÞv$qf ! ly„ Ap`_u S> c[¼s\u qf`|Z® Ry„> A_¡ Ap`_u sfa S> ×qóV$ gNphu fpMy„ Ry„>, As: Ap` dyS> A_p\_u sfa Ap`_p kh® d_p¡f\p¡_¡ |Z® L$fhp dpV$¡ L$ë`h©n kdp_ A¡h„ L${$ZpkpNf õh{$` _¡ÓL$V$pn hX$¡ Å¡hp_¡ L©$`p sp¡ L$fp¡ ! pp 8 pp

(9) v$¡rh ! M¡v$_u hps R>¡ L$¡ AÞepÞe gp¡L$p¡ Ap`_¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ AÞe kp^pfZ v$¡hspAp¡dp„ d_ gNphu_¡ s¡Ap¡_u c[¼s L$f¡ R>¡, f„sy ly„ sp¡ d_ A_¡ hQ_\u Ap`_y„ S> õdfZ L$fy„ Ry„>, Ap`_¡ S> âZpd L$fy„ R„y>, L$pfZ L$¡ S>Nsdp„ Ap` S> A¡L$ dpÓ ifZ Ap`_pf R>p¡. pp 9 pp

(10) qÓ`yf kyÞv$qf ! Å¡ L$¡ Ap`_p _¡Óp¡_¡ dpV$¡ Å¡hp gpeL$ A_¡L$ gÿe li¡, sp¡ `Z L$p¡B fus¡ Z Ap` dpfu sfa ×róV$ L$fhp L©$`p L$fp¡, L$pfZ L$¡ _½$u S> dpfp S>¡hp¡ L${$Zp`pÓ _ L$p¡B L$v$u S>Þçep¡ li¡, _ S>Þd gB füp¡ li¡ A_¡ _ crhóedp„ S>Þd g¡i¡. pp 10 pp

150

(11) qÓ`yfdp„ r_hpk L$f_pfp dpƒ ! "l²], l²]' - Ap fus¡ Ap`_p buS>dÞÓ_p¡ ârsqv$_ S>` L$f_pfp d_yóep¡_¡ dpV$¡ Ap S>Nsdp„ iy„ vy$g®c R>¡ ? dpgp, qL$fuV$ A_¡ DÞdÑ NS>fpS>\u ey¼s A_¡ kÞdp__ue v$_¡ pd¡gp„ Ap`_p„ c¼sp¡_u sp¡ õhe„ d^ydsu gÿdu S> k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. pp 11 pp

(12) L$dg_er_ ! Ap`_u hÞv$_pAp¡ k„`qÑ âv$p_ L$f_pfu, kdõs BqÞÖep¡_¡ Ap_„qv$s L$f_pfu, kpd°pÄe âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Ly$ig A_¡ `p`kd|l_p¡ _pi L$fhp dpV$¡ sÐ`f fl¡_pfu R>¡, dps: ! s¡ Ap`_u h„v$_pAp¡ L$fhp_y„ kp¥cpÁe r_f„sf d_¡ S> âpá \pAp¡, buÅAp¡_¡ _l] pp 12 pp

(13) L$ë`_p D`k„lpf_p kde¡ sp„X$h _©Ðe L$f_pfp M„X$`fiy v$¡hpr^v$¡h `fd¡ðf i„L$f_¡ dpV$¡ - `pi, A„Ly$i, i¡fX$u_y„ _yóe A_¡ yó`bpZ_¡ pfZ L$f_pfu Ap`_u d|rs® (îu rhN°l) A¡L$dpÓ kpnuê$`¡ kyip¡rcs \pe R>¡. pp 13 pp

(14) dps: ! Ap`_y„ Ap A^p¯N L$¡ S>¡ fd s¡Å¡de, AÐer^L$ Ly„$Ly$drhg¡`_\u ey¼s lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ AfyZhZ®_y„, QdL$v$pf qL$fuV$\u kyip¡rcs, Q„ÖL$gp\u rhc|rjs, Ad©s\u fd ApÖ® A_¡ qÓL$p¡Z_p dÝedp„ âL$V$ R>¡ s¡ (A^p¯N) kv$p rihÆ_u kp\¡ k„gÁ_ fl¡. pp 14 pp

(15) L$dm f r_hpk L$f_pfp kyÞv$qf ! "l²]' L$pf S> Ap`_y„ pd R>¡, A¡ S> Ap`_y„ ê$` R>¡, A¡ S> Ap`_y„ _pd R>¡ A_¡ A¡ S> Ap`_p s¡S>\u DÐ`ß \e¡gp ApL$pipqv$ sÒhp¡_p qfZpd õhê$` Ap S>Ns_y„ Apqv$ L$pfZ R>¡, L$¡ S>¡ b°ûp, rhóÏ Apqv$_p Üpfp frQs-`prgs k©[óV$ê$` hõsy b_u_¡ fd kyM Ap`¡ R>¡. pp 15 pp

(16) dps: ! S>¡ dÞÓo ÓZ "l²]' L$pf\u k„`yqV$s dlp_ (`„Qv$ipnfu - L$pqv$rhÛp) dÞÓ_p„ A¡L$-A¡L$ Anf\u k„v$ur`s S>¡_p v$f¡L$ ïgp¡L$_u iê$Aps \pe R>¡ s¡hp Ap õsp¡Ó_p¡ ârsqv$_ Ap`_u kdn S>` L$f¡ R>¡, sp¡ fpÅAp¡ s¡_p\u hiuc|s \B Åe R>¡, s¡_u gÿdu (k„`qÑ) rQfõ\pre_u \B Åe R>¡, s¡_u hpZu r_d®g k|[¼sAp¡\u qf`|Z® \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ s¡ v$uOp®eyju \B Åe R>¡. pp 16 pp

pp Ap âdpZ¡ îuds¹ i„L$fpQpe®rhfrQs L$ëepZh©róV$ õsp¡Ó k„`|Z® \ey„ pp

A`fp^ kl÷prZ q¾$eÞs¡ Alr_®i„ dep p v$pkp¡ Aerdrs dp„ dÐhp ndõh `fd¡ðfu ppAphpl_„ _ Å_prd _ Å_prd rhkS®>_d¹ p `|Å» Q¥h _ Å_prd nçesp„ `fd¡ðfu ppdÞÓlu_„ q¾$eplu_„ c[¼slu_„ kyf¡ðfu p eÐ`|rS>s„ dep v$¡rh `qf`|Z® sv$õsy d¡ pp

v$p¡lp r_S> õhcphhi S>__u ! v$ep×róV$ L$uS>¥ pL${$Zp L$f L${$Zpdre ! QfZ-ifZ v$uS>¥ pp

S>NS>__u S>e S>e

ndp âp\®_p

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