1.0

POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES OFFERED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM Main Campus Postgraduate Diploma Courses

1.1 1.1.1

There are a number of postgraduate diploma programmes that are offered at the University of Dar es Salaam. These are: Postgraduate Diploma in Education Postgraduate Diploma in Law Specialised Postgraduate Diploma in Law Postgraduate Diploma in Scientific Computing Postgraduate Diploma in Civil Engineering, with specialization in one of the following areas: Water Resources Engineering; Structural Engineering; Transportation Engineering Postgraduate Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Postgraduate Diploma in Engineering Management Postgraduate Diploma in Chemical and Process Engineering Postgraduate Diploma in Environmental Engineering Postgraduate Diploma in Electronics and Information Technology Postgraduate Diploma in Electrical Power Engineering Postgraduate Diploma in Entrepreneurship and Enterprising Development, Postgraduate Diploma in Information and ICT Policy Postgraduate Diploma in Micro finance (i) The Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) is a one-year programme offered to degree holders who have not done Education in their earlier training programmes. The programme consists of courses at both the undergraduate and post-graduate levels. The Postgraduate Diploma in Law (PGDL) involves one academic year of study followed by examinations. The programme admits candidates with either a B.A. or LL.B qualification. Candidates, whose first degrees did not include any courses in law, must first do some prescribed undergraduate courses (e.g., Jurisprudence) and pass them. The Specialised Postgraduate Diploma in Law (SPGDL) aims at providing specialised training in specific fields of law to holders of degrees other than the LL.B. The objective is to enhance the candidates competence in their (non-legal) field of specialisation, without creating the impression that they are being prepared for legal practice. The SPGDL shall be titled "Postgraduate Diploma in [name of specialisation1

(ii)

(iii)

pursued] Law". The Faculty of Law will announce in advance what subjects will be on offer for SPGDL. Applicants should be holders of a first degree of the University of Dar es Salaam or its equivalent. The programme shall normally last for a minimum period of two semesters involving full-time attendance. (iv) The Postgraduate Diploma in Scientific Computing (PDSC) involves one academic year of coursework and practical work. There are two intakes per academic year (October and April). Candidates with any good first degree of the University of Dar es Salaam (BA, B.Sc., LL.B, B.Com, B.Sc. Eng, etc) or other recognised universities are admissible into the programme. Holders of Advanced Diplomas are also eligible. Postgraduate Diplomas in Engineering, PGD (Eng) offered by the College of Engineering and Technology, Faculties of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering and Mechanical and Chemical Engineering involve one academic year of study followed by examinations. Applicants should be holders of ADVANCED DIPLOMA or its equivalent in Engineering / Applied Sciences in the relevant field from a recognized College or a PASS DEGREE in Engineering/Applied Sciences in the relevant field from a recognized university. Some Postgraduate diplomas in engineering are offered on full time and part-time (evening) basis. Postgraduate Diploma in Entrepreneurship and Enterprising Development (PGDEED) offered by Faculty of Commerce and Management to equip students with Entrepreneurial economics and consulting skills; business diagnosis; business counselling; design, delivery and management of training programmes; project formulation, management, monitoring and evaluation; marketing and fund-raising for SMEs and BDS providers, accounting and finance for SMEs and business planning skills. Applicants must possess a first degree or an advanced diploma from a recognized high learning institution, or recognized professional qualification (ACCA, CPA, CIM, CSP, CMA, etc). They should also have a minimum of two years experience in delivering technical, technology or policy related, financial, marketing, and advisory of any form of support to micro, small or medium sized enterprises or actual running of micro, small or medium sized enterprises. Holder of Masters and PhD degrees in any field who are involved in SME development are also encouraged to join the programme, provided they have a minimum of two years experience in working with SMEs. Postgraduate Diploma in Information and ICT Policy. The Faculty of Commerce and Management delivers this multidisciplinary Postgraduate programme in collaboration with a Network of Higher Education Institutions and Universities in Africa and America known as Nettel@Africa. The programme is either online or face to face. As a multidisciplinary course, other Faculties such as the Faculty of Science, the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and College of Engineering & Technology are local partners in this programme. This is a one-year programme involving course work and examinations. It admits candidates with a bachelors degree or its equivalent from recognised institutions in a field related to ICT policy and regulations.2

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

(viii)

Postgraduate Diploma in Micro Finance. This is an evening programme conducted from 5.00a.m. to 8.00 p.m. on weekdays and from 9.00am to 12.00 noon on Saturdays. The objective of the Postgraduate Diploma in Micro Finance is to contribute to the growth and efficiency of the micro-finance industry through human capacity building. Specifically, the programme will equip students with all basic skills in credit management, strategic and business planning, fund-raising, marketing, accounting, finance, human resources management, ICT, etc which are necessary for the effective performance of micro-finance practitioners. The total duration of the programme is 15 months (12 months for coursework and 3 months for project). Institute of Journalism and Mass Communication Postgraduate Diploma in Mass Communication. This is a one year programme leading to the award of a Postgraduate Diploma in Mass Communication (PGDMC). Candidates without prior training in Mass Communication shall be required to take at least 6 units of undergraduate courses recommended by the Institute.

1.1.2 (i)

1.1.3 University College of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS) UCLAS offers Postgraduate Diploma programmes in the following areas: Environmental Technology and Management Valuation Geo-matics Urban Planning and Management 1.2 MASTERS DEGREE PROGRAMMES

There are two broad categories (delivery modes) of Masters Degree courses at the University: (i) Masters by Coursework and Dissertation

These are either 18 or 24 months programmes involving coursework followed by examinations, and then dissertation research. These programmes are flexible, allowing students to choose classes outside their Faculties. The University has rationalised the Term and Unit systems of coursework into the Semester Unit System, according to which, the unit for weighting courses is based on actual student contact hours (lectures, seminars, tutorials, practical and studio sessions, etc.). A one unit course is equivalent to either 15 lecture hours or 30-45 hours of practical /studio work. The number of units in a particular programme is derived from appropriate course combinations as stipulated by respective Faculties/Institutes. To complete a degree programme, a postgraduate student must pass a minimum number of units, including all the prescribed core courses. The minimum number of units to be completed shall depend on the duration and structure of the degree programme.

3

(ii)

Masters by Thesis

These Programmes last for 24 months and they are pursued through research followed by writing of a thesis. Whereas students can pursue postgraduate study by thesis research alone, in practically every Department with sufficiently qualified academic members of staff (who can effectively guide the postgraduate students) the current tendency is to encourage students to pursue the option of coursework and dissertation. This helps to equip the students with a more solid theoretical foundation, a good grasp of sampling theory and experimental design, and a sound knowledge of statistics and research methodology, before the fieldwork, analysis and thesis writing. 1.2.1 1.2.1.1 Main Campus Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences In the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Masters Degree programmes by coursework and dissertation are offered in the following departments. Some of the programmes are offered in alternate years. Department Economics Fine and Performing Arts Programmes MA. in Economics MA in Fine Art MA in Music MA in Theatre Arts MA (Linguistics) MA (Geography and Environmental Management) MA (History) MA (Archaeology) MA (Literature) Public MA (Public Administration) MA (International Relations) MA (Political Science) MA (Sociology) MA (Statistics)

Foreign Languages and Linguistics, and Kiswahili Geography History Literature Political Science Administration and

Sociology and Anthropology Statistics

In addition, there are two other programmes: (i) MA in Demography, an inter-departmental programme offered jointly by the Departments of Economics, Geography, Sociology and Statistics, under the auspices of the Demographic Unit. Over the years the major sponsor for the programme has been the United Nations Fund for Population Affairs (UNFPA); (ii) MA in Information Studies, taught by staff of the University Library, but administered by the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.4

1.2.1.2 Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and Technology The Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and Technology offers a Masters Degree programme, the Master of Science in Aquatic Sciences by thesis. 1.2.1.3 Faculty of Commerce and Management

i) The Faculty of Commerce and Management offers a Masters Degree programme, the Master of Business Administration programme (MBA) by coursework and dissertation. Within the broad umbrella of the programme, however, there are options in Marketing, Finance, Accounting, Personnel, and Production. Judging from the large number of candidates who apply for admission every year, this programme is one of the most popular programmes offered at the University. This is partly because the programme is open to candidates from a wide range of backgrounds: the social sciences, humanities, engineering, natural sciences, etc. (ii) The MBA courses are taught over four semesters, each semester consisting of 15 weeks of instruction. The first three semesters are for coursework and the fourth semester involves the writing of a dissertation. The programme is carefully structured to meet the management needs of Tanzania. Courses are examined at the end of each semester. There are three categories of MBA by course work and dissertation as follows: Full-time MBA This is a full-time programme which runs from morning to mid-day. The MBA Programme is open to applicants with a variety of backgrounds; Social Sciences, Humanities, Natural Sciences, Engineering etc. Duration - 24 months. Part time (MBA) Programme This is an evening programme for those who cannot attend the regular programme. MBA (Executive) This programme is offered to candidates with long working experience who have already attained high managerial position at their respective work places. This is a highly interactive module-based mode of instruction. It is offered in twelve modules of two intensive learning weeks each, over a period of two years. The programme is suitable to students who cannot afford to be away from their places of work for long periods.

5

Master of International Trade This programme is aimed at equipping students with frontiers of foundation education, research and practice in international trade policy and business management to enable them to make substantive and more effective contribution to the International Trade agenda, and to plan and implement more effective trade policy and international business strategies for their institutions (governments, business enterprises, NGOs etc.) This is a one year programme involving coursework and dissertation. Master in Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development The programme is a follow up to the Postgraduate Diploma in Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development (PGDEED) and responds directly to national policies and strategies for improving the business environment. It is based on demand assessment processes, including a survey and discussions with key people involved in improving the business environment in Tanzania. Master in ICT Policy and Regulations The programme is a follow up to the Postgraduate Diploma in ICT Policy and Regulations 1.2.1.4 Faculty of Education The Faculty of Education offers the following Masters Degree programmes by coursework and dissertation as well as by thesis: MA Education MA in Applied Social Psychology Master of Education (Science Education) Master of Educational Management and Administration 1.2.1.5 Faculty of Law (i) The Faculty of Law offers the Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree - a specialised programme aiming at imparting advanced knowledge of the chosen subjects through more intensive research and firm theoretical grounding. The course is offered in two semesters. The programme is offered in three categories, namely: LL.M. by thesis LL.M. by course work and dissertation Taught LL.M. programme (only by coursework) The degree accordingly will be entitled Masters of Laws in [name of the specialisation pursued, e.g. Constitutional law, Jurisprudence, Law of Torts, etc].6

(ii)

The duration of study shall normally be a minimum of two semesters involving full time attendance, and three years for part-time candidates. Each candidate in the LL.M by course work and dissertation must satisfy examiners in two approved subjects before proceeding to the dissertation phase. Candidates who have not studied jurisprudence in their LL.B degree must include it as one of the two subjects in the LL.M. programme. Faculty of Science (i) The Faculty of Science has programmes leading to M.Sc. degree by coursework and dissertation in the following disciplines: Applied Science of Materials Applied Zoology Biology Botany Chemistry Computer Science Geology Mathematics Physics Wildlife and Terrestrial Ecology Master in Integrated Environmental Management conducted jointly with the College of Engineering and Technology. The various programmes involve one academic year of coursework study, followed by written examinations, and one academic year of research and dissertation writing. In addition to the coursework and dissertation programmes, the Faculty also offers Masters Degree programmes by thesis in the above mentioned areas and Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Faculty of Informatics and Virtual Education The Faculty offers Postgraduate programmes leading to Master of Science degree in Computer Science and Electronics Science and Communication by coursework and dissertation or by research and thesis.

(iv)

1.2.1.6

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

1.2.1.7

7

1.2.1.8 Institute of Development Studies (i) Master of Arts in Development Studies (by coursework and dissertation) The Institute offers a masters degree programme in Development Studies. The aims and objectives of the degree programme are: a) To contribute to the general advancement of knowledge about Tanzania, Africa, the Third World and the World on development issues. b) To prepare candidates for broad-based professional and practical training in important development policy areas. c) To develop general knowledge and skills in research about development issues. The programme lasts for 18 months, 9 months for course-work and 9 months for research and dissertation writing. During the course-work candidates have to take 3 core courses viz. Research Methodology, Political Thought and Issues in Development, and related assignments and examinations. They choose 4 out of 11 optional courses. (ii) Master of Arts in Development Studies (by thesis) In 1997 the Institute introduced the MA (DS) degree by thesis. Graduates from the University of Dar es Salaam or any other recognised University who took DS courses at undergraduate level are eligible. Candidates that did not study DS before are required to attend some undergraduate DS classes or some classes at Masters Level. 1.2.1.9 Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA) Masters of Science in Natural Resources Assessment and Management (M. Sc. (NARAM) This is an 18 month programme open to candidates with Bachelors degrees in Science, Agriculture, Botany, Zoology, Forestry, Arts and Social Sciences (e.g. Geography, Population Studies, Statistics, Economics, etc). 1.2.1.10 1.2.1.10.1 College of Engineering and Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment (i) The Faculty of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment offers programmes leading to the award of a Masters degree in the following disciplines: M.Sc. (Civil Engineering) M.Sc. (Water Resources Engineering)8

M.Sc. (Construction Management) M.Sc. (Highway Engineering) M.Sc. (Structural Engineering) Master of Integrated Water Resources Management 1.2.1.10.2 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering The Faculty of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering offers programmes leading to the award of the following Masters degrees:M.Sc. (Electronics Engineering and Information Technology) M.Sc. (Power Electronics and Electrical Drives) M.Sc. (Power Systems and High Voltage) M.Sc. (Telecommunications Engineering) 1.2.1.10.3 Faculty of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering This Faculty offers the following programmes by coursework and dissertation. M.Sc. (Chemical Engineering) M.Sc. (Production Engineering) M.Sc. (Energy Engineering) Master of Engineering Management with specialization in the following areas: Industrial and IT Management Project Management Techno-Entrepreneurship Master of Integrated Environmental Management which is offered jointly with Faculty of Science 1.2.2 University College of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS) UCLAS offers Master of Science programmes in the following areas: Environmental Technology and Management by coursework and dissertation Environmental Technology and Management by thesis Land Management by coursework and dissertation Land Management by thesis Geomatics by coursework and dissertation Geomatics by thesis Urban Planning and Management by coursework and dissertation Urban Planning and Management by thesis Regional Development Planning and Management by coursework and dissertation

9

1.2.3 The Muhimbili University College of Heath Science (MUCHS) MUCHS offers postgraduate programmes in the following areas: 1.2.3.1 Master of Science in Tropical Diseases Control (M. Sc. TDC) Neurosurgery (M. Sc. Neurosurgery) Oral Surgery (M. Sc. Oral Surgery) Ear, Nose and Throat (M. Sc. ENT) Orthopaedics and Trauma (M. Sc. O/T) Neurology (M. Sc. Neurology) 1.2.3.2 Master of Medicine in Anaesthesiology (M. Med. Anaesthesiology) Anatomical Pathology (M. Med. Anatomical Pathology) Community Medicine (M. Med. Community Medicine) Haematology (M. Med. Haematology) Internal Medicine (M. Med. Internal Medicine) Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M. Med. Obstetrics and Gynaecology) Ophthalmology (M. Med. Ophthalmology) Paediatrics (M. Med. Paediatrics) Surgery (M. Med. Surgery) Psychiatry (M. Med. Psychiatry) Orthopaedics and Traumatology (M. Med. Orthopaedics and Traumatology) 1.2.3.3 Master of Dentistry in Oral pathology Restorative Dentistry Oral Surgery Dental Public Health 1.2.3.4 Master of Pharmacy (M. Pharm.) in Industrial Pharmacy Quality Control and Quality Assurance Hospital and Community Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceutical Microbiology 1.2.3.5 Master of Public Health For further information on Postgraduate programmes offered at the main campus, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS) and University College of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS), the reader is advised to consult the latest Prospectus of the University of Dar es Salaam or visit our website at www.udsm.ac.tz, or contact the respective academic units.10

1.3

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAMMES

1.3.1 Introduction (i) It is possible for one to pursue a PhD degree programme in any academic department at the University of Dar es Salaam, provided that the applicant has adequate qualifications, and that supervisors and facilities are available in the chosen field of study. All PhD programmes at the University are currently undertaken by thesis, except the special programme in Economics run by the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. However, plans are underway to introduce Ph.D. programmes by coursework and dissertation. Supervisors may advise students to attend specific course(s) (without compulsory final examinations) in undergraduate or postgraduate programmes to expand knowledge base and/or gain methodology in their study areas. Duration The duration of each programme is three years for full-time candidates and five years for part-time candidates except Ph.D. (Economics) which is four years. 1.3.3 Admission Procedures

(ii)

1.3.2

Admission requires submission of the application form UDSM/PG.F4a or UDSM/PG.F4b Full studentship commences immediately after formal registration. The student must submit a substantive and comprehensive research proposal within six months after registration.

11

2.0 2.1 2.1.1

GENERAL REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR POSTGRADUATE COURSES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM General Information Submission of Applications (a) All applications for postgraduate training at the University of Dar es Salaam should be submitted to the respective College Principals, Faculty Deans and Institute Directors, with a copy to the Director of Postgraduate Studies. Subsequently, a standard Application Form (UDSM/PG.F1) for all Colleges, Faculties and Institutes should be dully filled and submitted, accompanied with referees reports and copies of transcripts and certificates, including secondary school certificates. Applicants are responsible for soliciting two academic reports from referees regarding their suitability for postgraduate studies. The referees should send the reports confidentially to the respective College Principals, Faculty Deans and Institute Directors. Form UDSM/PG.F2 shows the format, which is expected of the reports.

(b)

(c)

(Sample Forms UDSM/PG.F1 and UDSM/PG.F2 are attached as Appendices) 2.1.2 Application Fees (1) All applicants are required to pay a non-refundable application fee. The fee should be paid when the application forms are submitted to the relevant College/Faculty/Institute. The fees will be revised from time to time, as the need arises. Information on the fees applicable for any given year is obtainable from College/Faculty/Institute Principals, Deans or Directors, from the Director of Postgraduate Studies and from the University Prospectus.

(2)

2.1.3

Coding Of Postgraduate Courses (1) Each postgraduate course shall be given a code number as follows: 500 598 599 series for Postgraduate Diploma Courses (except dissertation); for Postgraduate Diploma Dissertations/Research Project Papers; for Masters Degree courses (except dissertation); for Masters Degree Dissertations;12

600 - 698 699

700 -798 799 (2)

for Ph.D. courses (except dissertation); for Ph.D. Degree Dissertations;

The code name shall be restricted to two letters, followed by the appropriate digits in the series. (e.g. ML 612).

2.2. 2.2.1

Entry Qualifications Postgraduate Diploma A candidate for admission into a Postgraduate Diploma programme must have the following qualifications: (i) At least a Bachelors Degree, Advanced Diploma or its equivalent from a recognized institution of higher learning. Candidates with equivalent qualifications must also posses at least secondary school certificates with credit passes.

(ii)

2.2.2

Masters Degree A candidate for admission to the Masters degree of the University of Dar es Salaam shall hold the following qualifications. (a) An honours degree of the University of Dar es Salaam or an equivalent degree from another recognized University. Candidates who hold an unclassified degree (e.g., M.D.) should have at least a B grade average in the subject of the intended Masters study. Candidates with pass degrees may also be considered for admission if: (i) Their undergraduate performance in the proposed subject of study was a B grade or higher. They have satisfied the relevant Faculty/Institute with their academic potential through subsequent research experience and/or additional training.

(b)

(ii)

(iii) Candidates with a coursework average of B+ or higher in specified Postgraduate Diplomas may upgrade to registration for a dissertation leading to a Masters Degree. (c) Candidates with equivalent qualifications must also posses at least secondary school certificates with credit passes.

For Masters by Thesis programmes, candidates must have an upper second degree in the relevant field.13

2.2.3

Doctor of Philosophy Degree A candidate for admission to the Doctor of Philosophy degree of the University of Dar es Salaam shall hold the following qualifications: (a) An honours degree of the University of Dar es Salaam: or an equivalent degree from a recognized University. Masters degree of the University of Dar es Salaam or an equivalent Masters degree from a recognized university. Candidates with a First Class or Upper Second class degree, or holders of a distinction or a credit in the case of unclassified degrees, may also be considered for PhD registration. Such candidates have to initially register for the Masters degree and do at least one full year's postgraduate training. If they demonstrate outstanding performance, and obtain the authorisation of Senate on the recommendation of the relevant College, Faculty or Institute Board and the SHDC, they may upgrade their registration to PhD candidacy. Other Requirements a) Certificates obtained from non-recognized Universities and institutions of higher learning shall be subject to approval by the Higher Education Accreditation Council of Tanzania. A candidate discontinued on academic grounds from a postgraduate programme may be allowed to apply for admission into another programme. Such a candidate may be admitted into the same programme after showing evidence that he or she has attended and passed a relevant professional or academic course lasting at least six months after the discontinuation. Students discontinued from studies because of examination irregularities will be considered for re-admission after they have been away for three years. They will be required to re- apply and compete with other applicants for re-admission into first year. Application deadline shall be 31st March for the 1st Semester Intake and 30th November for the 2nd Semester intake.

(b)

(c)

2.2.4

b)

c)

d)

14

2.3 2.3.1

Registration In most disciplines, candidates will be registered for course-work study followed by research leading to a dissertation. In others, the degree study will be by research leading to a thesis without a prescribed course-work component. (a) Candidates may register as full time or as part time students. Registration will take place during the first two weeks of Semester I and Semester II for the respective intakes. First year candidates must submit the following documents at the time of registration. Evidence of payment of the University Fees Copies and the originals of university/college transcripts and certificates; and secondary school certificates (Form 4 and 6) for Diplomas and professional certificates). Original certificates/transcripts will be returned to the candidate after physical verification. (iii) Two stamp size photographs (iv) Evidence of release from employer (if employed) (v) Evidence of sponsorship or ability to self support (c) Candidates shall be required to register at the beginning of the first year of their studies using forms UDSM/PG.F3 and PG.F4a for thesis, and UDSM/PG.F4b for course-work. Candidates must renew their registration at the beginning of every subsequent year by submitting a dully filled form (UDSM/PG.F5) and paying the required fees. Failure to renew registration shall mean automatic discontinuation from studies. (i) (ii)

(b)

(d)

(e)

2.3.2

Students shall be registered by names appearing on their certificates. No change of names by students shall be entertained during the course of study at the University. No student shall be allowed to postpone studies after effective commencement of an academic year except under special circumstances. Permission to postpone studies will be considered after producing satisfactory evidence of the reason for postponement. Special circumstances shall include: (a) (b) (c) Sickness Serious social problems (each case to be considered on its own merit) Severe sponsorship problem

2.3.3

15

2.3.4

Students shall be allowed to be away from the University studies for a maximum of two years if they are to be re-admitted to the same programme and year of studies where they left off. No student shall be allowed to change subjects/courses/programmes after the 3rd week of commencement of the semester. Transferring from one academic programme to another will be allowed only if the candidate possesses the required admission criteria for the programme for which transfer is being sought and a vacancy exists in that programme. The registration of new and continuing students shall be two weeks from the first day of the commencement of classes. Students seeking registration during the 3rd week shall be liable to a surcharge of 5,000/= per day. No student shall be registered after the 3rd week since the commencement of the semester. Every registered candidate is required to submit a progress report to his/her supervisor who shall forward to the Faculty or Institute through the Head of Department. Each College/Faculty/Institute is required to submit progress reports of all postgraduate students registered in that College, Faculty or Institute to Senate Higher Degrees Committee twice a year.

2.3.5

2.3.6

2.3.7

2.3.8

2.3.9

2.3.10 Masters by Coursework and Dissertation Students who intend to do their Masters degree by course-work will have to observe the following procedures: (a) To complete the course-work component of the programme a student must pass a minimum number of units, including all the prescribed core courses in the programme. On Senate's approval of the results, the candidate proceeds to the dissertation phase of the programme. It is essential that he/she writes and tables a comprehensive proposal in a departmental/institute seminar for all (especially the department's postgraduate committee) to review. Departments submit proposals to the Faculty/Institute HDRPC for them to grant registration of research study and appoint supervisor(s). Then relevant regulations apply forthwith.

(b)

(c)

(d)

2.3.11 Masters by Thesis Having satisfied the admission criteria for Masters Degree by thesis, candidates will have to observe the following procedures:16

(a)

The candidate, with the help of the Departments supervisory committee, is required to submit a two-page statement of the intended research topic (UDSM/PG.F3) to the relevant College/Faculty/Institute. On the basis of the statement the College/Faculty/Institute assigns supervisor(s) to the candidate. Within four months of the registration, the candidate must have presented a comprehensive substantive research proposal in a Departmental seminar for all (especially the Department's Postgraduate Committee) to review Guidelines on the writing of the Research Proposal are detailed in Appendix III. The proposal should not exceed 20 pages in length, typed in 12-point font (Times New Roman, CG Times or Times) and have double spaced lines. Each member of the department's postgraduate committee should be given a copy of the proposal for scrutiny at least seven days before the date of the seminar presentation. If satisfied with the proposal's quality, the department submits the proposal to the Faculty/Institute /College HDRPC for approval. Students shall present the proposals themselves to HDRPC. The Faculty's/Institute's /Colleges HDRPC will subsequently report to the Senate Higher Degrees Committee (SHDC) for noting. Research proposals for Masters by thesis candidates must be submitted to the Faculty's/Institute's/Colleges HDRPC and approved within six months from the date of formal registration. Candidates shall pay to the Faculty/Institute/College US $ 20 or its equivalent for each monthly extension beyond the six months. The duration of the registration period for thesis candidates, including the six months of developing and submitting research proposal, shall be two years for full time candidates and three years for part-time candidates. Students registered for Masters Degree programme by thesis may, on the recommendation of the relevant College/Faculty/Institute Board, be required to do one or more formal courses appropriate to their fields of study. In addition, students are advised to undertake short courses in Communication Skills and computing.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

2.4

Extension of Registration Period(a)

Candidates who, for valid reasons, fail to complete their theses/dissertations within the specified period may apply (using UDSM/PG.F7) for an extension of the registration period. The student shall pay an extension fee of Tshs. 25,000/ per month.

(b)

17

(c)

The extension period shall not exceed six months for full-time and twelve months for part-time candidates. Under very special circumstances, the Senate Higher Degrees Committee may consider a further extension of registration period for a maximum of six months. Granted the extensions, the maximum duration of registration for a Masters degree shall be two and half years for full-time and four years for part-time students.

(d)

2.5

Freezing Registration (a) If, for any sound reason, a candidate fails to continue with his/her studies, he/she may apply to the Senate Higher Degrees Committee for the freezing of the registration through his/her Department and Faculty/Institute/College. The maximum period for such freezing of registration shall be two years.

(b) 2.6

Completion of a Programme (a) The duration of the registration period for each programme shall be as stipulated by the relevant Faculty/Institute and approved by Senate. Failure of a candidate to complete the Masters Study programme within the specified period shall necessitate his/her discontinuation from studies, unless the Senate decides otherwise.

(b)

2.7 2.7.1

Transfer of Registration A Postgraduate Diploma candidate may, on the recommendation of the Head of Department and the Faculty Dean/Director of Institute or College Principal, apply to Senate for permission to transfer registration to that of a Masters degree. Senate will determine the contribution of the work done under Diploma candidacy towards the Masters degree applied for. No candidate may acquire both the PG Diploma and the Masters from the same programme. A student for the degree of Masters by thesis may, on the recommendation of the Department and College/Faculty/Institute concerned, apply through SHDC to the Senate for permission to transfer registration to that of a PhD. Senate will determine what recognition may be given to the period which the applicant has completed his or her studentship for Masters, as a contribution towards the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. No candidate may acquire both the Masters and the Doctorate from the same programme. A student for a Masters or PhD degree may, on the recommendation of the Head and Principal/Dean/Director concerned, apply through SHDC to Senate at any time before submission of the thesis for permission to transfer registration to that of Postgraduate Diploma or Masters Degree, subject to the relevant programme being available.18

2.7.2

2.7.3

2.7.4

Where a College/Faculty/Institute receives a report from the relevant Department that the progress made by a student for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is unsatisfactory but sufficient to allow the candidate to be transferred to the Masters degree or the Postgraduate Diploma, the College/Faculty/Institute may recommend through SHDC to Senate that the candidate's registration be so transferred, subject to current availability of the Masters/Postgraduate Diploma programmes. A candidate for the Ph. D or Masters Degree, whose thesis examiners are either in disagreement or have recommended thesis revision and resubmission may, on the recommendation of the College/Faculty/Institute Board, transfer registration to a Masters or to a relevant existing Postgraduate Diploma programme, respectively. Candidates from other Universities who would like to complete their postgraduate programmes at the University of Dar es Salaam, may apply to Senate through respective Departments/College/Faculties/Institutes and Senate Higher Degrees Committee to transfer from their previous Universities credits/units that do not exceed 1/3 of the total credits/units for the programme, provided the former institution is accredited and the candidates meet the minimum entry qualifications for the programme in which they are enrolling. Postponement of Studies Postponement of studies shall not be entertained. However under special circumstances, permission to postpone studies may be considered as per regulation 2.3.3 for students at the coursework phase. Thesis and Dissertation students shall be required to freeze registration as per regulations 2.7 (a) and (b).

2.7.5

2.7.6

2.8 2.8.1

19

3.0 3.1

COURSE-WORK EVALUATION Candidates registered for the course-work and dissertation programme shall sit for course examinations following assessment procedures approved by the relevant College/Faculty/Institute, SHDC, and Senate. Unless stipulated otherwise the General University Examination Regulations shall be used to guide the conduct of examination of all postgraduate courses. In all Colleges/Faculties/Institutes and SHDC the value attached to the letter grades awarded shall be as follows: A B+ B C D E = = = = = = Excellent Very Good Good (the minimum passing grade at PG level) Marginal Fail Fail Absolute Fail.

3.1.1

3.1.2

In all cases, the relationship between the numerical score and letter grades shall be as follows: A B+ B C D E = = = = = = 70% 60 50 40 35 0 100% 69% 59% 49% 39% 34%

3.1.3

In grade point computations the allocation of points shall be as follows: A B+ B C D E = = = = = = 5 4 3 2 1 0 points

3.1.4

All coursework examination results must be submitted to the relevant Boards of the Colleges/Faculties/Institutes; SHDC and Senate for approval. Presentation of examination results to Boards of Colleges/Faculties/Institutes; SHDC and Senate shall be in accordance with the University approved format. Candidates must successfully complete the course-work phase before they are allowed to proceed with the dissertation phase. Successful completion of the coursework phase shall mean attainment of a "B" grade or above (i.e. grade point average (GPA) of at least 3.0) in all examinations.20

3.1.5

3.1.6

3.1.7

Candidates who fail in one or more examinations, but whose GPA is 2.7 and above shall be allowed to do supplementary examination(s) in the failed course(s). Candidates who fail to attain a GPA of at least 2.7 shall be discontinued from studies. Candidates who fail in any supplementary examination and have a GPA of 3.0 and above may be allowed to repeat the failed course(s) but shall not be allowed to proceed to the dissertation phase. Departments/Faculties will administer supplementary examinations within a period of three months of Senate approval of the results.

3.1.8

3.1.9

3.1.10

21

4.0 4.1

REGULATIONS ON THESIS/DISSERTATION PHASE Candidates doing a Postgraduate programme by coursework and dissertation and who have qualified to continue with the dissertation research after the coursework part shall be required to submit a dissertation in partial fulfilment of the degree requirements, after a specified period set by the relevant Faculty/Institute. In the case of some Faculties/Institutes where the dissertation constitutes a small proportion of the degree programme (i.e. less than 50% of the study units), the Facultys/Institute's regulations for the submission and examination of dissertations shall apply. All thesis and dissertation postgraduate candidates shall be required to give at least one seminar presentation before the initial submission of the dissertation/thesis. Guidelines on the preparation and presentation of postgraduate theses and dissertations are contained in Section 14. Notice of Intention to Submit At least three months before submitting a dissertation or a thesis a candidate shall, through the supervisor, Department and College/Faculty/Institute, give notice in writing to the Chairperson, SHDC, expressing intention to submit the dissertation/thesis. Guidelines on how to file the notice of submission are given in form UDSM/PG.F8.

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6 4.6.1

Certification Every dissertation/thesis submitted for a degree award must be accompanied by a declaration by the candidate, to the satisfaction of Senate, stating that the dissertation/thesis has not been submitted for a similar degree in any other University. The dissertation/thesis must be submitted in four hard copies, plus one soft copy. The dissertation/thesis shall also contain a declaration by the candidate's supervisor, confirming that he/she has read the dissertation/thesis and found it to be in a form acceptable for examination. Copyright Declaration The dissertation/thesis shall contain a statement of copyright by the author, reading as follows: (For further details, see Guidelines on Preparation of Theses, Section 14). No part of this dissertation/thesis may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical22

4.6.2

4.7

photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the author or the University of Dar es Salaam in that behalf. 4.8 4.8.1 Abstracts All dissertations/theses submitted for degree awards must be satisfactory as regards format and text presentation. They must also contain a one-page abstract. The abstract shall indicate in summary the essential points of the dissertation/thesis, the important results achieved and the conclusions reached.

4.8.2

23

5.0 5.1.

EXAMINATION OF DEGREE AWARDS

MASTERS

THESES/DISSERTATIONS

AND

Every dissertation submitted shall be examined by at least two specialists approved by the relevant College/Faculty/Institute Board, SHDC and Senate. At least one of these must be external to the University. Every thesis shall be examined by three specialists approved by the relevant College/Faculty/Institute Board, SHDC and Senate. One of them must be external to the University. Transmission of theses/dissertations is the official responsibility Colleges/Faculties/Institutes, using their share of examination fees. (a) of

5.1.1

5.1.2

5.1.3

The examiners shall be required to submit their detailed reports on the thesis/dissertation within a period of two months from the date of receipt of the thesis and within a period of one month for a dissertation. The examination report shall focus on the following areas:(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Theoretical Background and Literature Review Research Methodology Research Findings Discussion and Conclusions Overall presentation of the thesis/dissertation

(b)

5.1.4 5.1.5

If the reports are not received within four months, new examiners shall be appointed. Each examiner shall also be required to summarise his/her report on the thesis/dissertation by filling in Summary Form UDSM/PG.F9 with a definite recommendation for one of the following actions: (a) (b) (c) The degree be awarded to the candidate unconditionally, or The degree be awarded subject to typographical corrections/minor revisions, or The degree be awarded subject to substantial corrections and revisions as indicated in the examination report or The degree be not awarded, but the candidate may be allowed to revise and resubmit the thesis/dissertation for re-examination, or The thesis/dissertation be rejected outright

(d)

(e) 5.1.6

The Directorate of Postgraduate Studies shall pay honoraria of $100 to the External Examiner and $50 to each Internal Examiner (or the equivalent) on receiving detailed reports and summary reports of the thesis/dissertation under examination.24

5.1.7

A thesis or dissertation passed subject to typographical corrections/minor revisions must be submitted for degree award within three months from the date of the Senates approval of examination results. A thesis or dissertation passed subject to substantial corrections and revisions must be submitted for degree award within six months from the date of the Senates approval of examination results. A thesis/dissertation rejected in accordance with regulation 5.1.5 (d) above must be re-submitted for examination within nine months from the date of the Senates approval of examination results.

5.1.8

5.1.9

5.1.10 A candidate who fails, without reasonable cause, to submit higher dissertation/thesis within the period stated in 5.1.7 and 5.1.8 above shall be discontinued from studies. 5.1.11 Where the examiners are not in agreement in their overall recommendation after resubmission, SHDC shall examine the case and recommend one of the following actions: (a) (b) (c) The recommendation of the External Examiner(s) be adopted; or An additional independent examiner be appointed; or The relevant Faculty/Department to establish a panel from amongst the experts available, to examine the candidate orally.

5.2 5.2.1

Viva Voce Examinations for Masters Degree Programmes In Masters Degree programmes involving examinations by thesis alone without any prescribed course-work component, the candidate shall, in addition to writing a thesis, appear for a viva voce examination. Course-work and dissertation research candidates may also be required to appear for viva voce examinations, if such examinations are mandatory in their respective College/Faculties /Institutes. The viva voce examination shall take place only after the SHDC and Senate have been satisfied that the thesis/dissertation submitted by the candidate is considered by the examiners to be satisfactory. The questions to be asked in the viva voce examination shall primarily focus on the candidate's thesis/dissertation research area. Questions in peripheral areas are also encouraged, if they help to establish the candidate's level of academic maturity on the thesis subject matter. The members of the viva voce panel shall be so selected as to ensure that sufficiently qualified and experienced scholars in the research or related area examine the candidate.25

5.2.2

5.2.3

5.2.4

5.2.5

5.2.6

The viva voce examination for Masters degrees shall comprise at least five, but not more than seven examiners, who shall be appointed by the Senate Chairperson, on the recommendation by the Dean/Director of the relevant Faculty/Institute, and of the Head of the relevant Department where the candidate is registered. The viva voce panel shall be as follows: The College Principal/Faculty Dean/Institute Director or his/her nominee (CHAIRPERSON). External Examiner (or his/her/ representative, recommended by the relevant College Principal/Faculty Dean/Institute Director Internal Examiner who did not guide the research. The candidates supervisor(s). Head of the relevant Department (or his/her appointee). Two other members appointed by the respective Faculty/Institute.

5.2.7

The Director of Postgraduate Studies or his/her representative may attend the viva voce examination to guide panel members on the conduct of the examination. The SHDC and Senate must approve the date of examination at least two weeks before the examination. The Head of Department must inform the candidate in writing regarding the examination arrangements at least two weeks before the examination, with copies to the Dean/Director and the DPGS.

5.2.8

5.2.9

5.2.10 The viva voce panellists shall be provided with full texts of the thesis examiners' reports and copies of the candidate's thesis/dissertation at least one week before the date of the oral examination. The Faculty/Institute shall ensure availability of copies of the thesis using their share of examination fees. 5.2.11 The function of the viva voce shall be to ascertain that the thesis/dissertation presented fulfils the following criteria: The thesis is the original work of the candidate; The broader subject area in which the study is based is fully grasped by the candidate; Any weaknesses in the thesis are adequately clarified by the candidate; and A definite recommendation is made to the SHDC whether the candidate should be declared as having Passed or Failed. 5.2.12 The viva voce panellists should, as far as possible, work towards arriving at a unanimous decision on the candidate's performance. Where the panellists are unable to reach a unanimous agreement as to whether the candidate passes or fails, a vote26

shall be taken to arrive at a decision. A majority vote shall be required for passing the viva voce examination. 5.2.13 At the end of the viva voce examination, the panel members shall sign a viva voce Examination Results Form UDSM/PG.F11 obtainable from the Director of Postgraduate Studies, giving a specific recommendation on the candidate's performance. This shall be submitted, along with a detailed report on how the candidate handled the questions, to the Chairperson of SHDC for processing, whereupon, each panellist in the viva voce examination shall receive an honorarium at the rate approved by the University. 5.2.14 Where there is a disagreement between the recommendation of the thesis examiners and viva voce examiners, the Senate's Higher Degrees Committee shall study the case and recommend to Senate one of the following options: (a) The candidate revises and re-submits the thesis and subsequently reappears for a further oral/written, or practical examination, within a specified period, but not exceeding 6 months since the date of the decision by Senate: or The candidate is deemed to have failed outright.

(b)

5.2.15 The duration of the viva voce examination for Masters Degrees shall not exceed two hours. 30 minutes of presentation 1 hour and 15 minutes of questions and answers 15 minutes of deliberations 5.2.16 The internal examiner who supervised the candidate shall be the recorder of the viva voce examination proceedings. 5.2.17 The final decision on the award of the higher degree shall be made by the Senate on the recommendation of the SHDC. 5.2.18 Work rejected by Examiners after re-submission as per 5.1.11 shall not be accepted for re-examination at the University of Dar es Salaam. 5.2.18 Subsequent publications from a thesis/dissertation submitted for a Masters degree of the University of Dar es Salaam must contain a statement that the work is based on a thesis/ dissertation submitted to the University. 5.2.19 The Directorate of Postgraduate Studies shall pay a token honorarium to each viva voce panel member at an approved University rate.

27

6.0 6.1

APPEALS The General University Examination Regulation 18 shall govern the conduct of appeals against the decision of the Senate pertaining to examination results except where it is indicated Undergraduate Studies Committee should read Senate Higher Degrees Committee Such appeals must be lodged with the appropriate University authorities within six months from the date of approval of the results and hence the General University Examination Regulation 18.7 is not applicable to Postgraduate students.

6.2

28

7.0 7.1

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE Entry Qualifications

Admission criteria are stipulated in Regulation 2.2.3 to 2.2.4 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 Registration Ph. D. candidates may be registered as part-time or full time students. Candidates shall be required to register at the beginning of the first year of their studies (using Form UDSM/PG.F4a) and to renew their registration at the beginning of subsequent years by filling in Form UDSM/PG.F5 and paying the required fees. Failure to renew registration shall mean automatic discontinuation from studies. The registration of PhD candidates shall follow a process similar to the one prescribed for Masters by thesis candidates, as per the following procedure: (a) With the help of the Departments supervisory committee, the candidate submits a two-page statement of the intended research topic (UDSM/PG.F3) to the relevant College/Faculty/Institute. On the basis of the Departments recommendations the College/Faculty/Institute will appoint a supervisor(s) to the candidate. An additional supervisor(s) may be appointed if necessary but with the approval of the Senate Higher Degrees Committee upon submission of the recommendations by the Faculty/Institute Higher Degrees Committee. Within four months of the admission and registration into a Ph.D. programme, the candidate shall present a comprehensive research proposal in a Departmental seminar for all (especially the Department's Postgraduate Committee) to review. Guidelines on the writing of the Research Proposal are detailed in Appendix III. The proposal should not exceed 25 pages in length, typed in 12-point font and have double spaced lines. Each member of the department's postgraduate committee shall be given a copy of the proposal for scrutiny at least seven days before the date of the seminar presentation. If satisfied with the proposal's quality, the department submits the proposal for evaluation by the Faculty's/Institute's HDRPC, in the presence of the student. If the Facultys/Institute HDRPC finds the proposal satisfactory, the proposal shall be submitted to the SHDC.

7.2.3 7.2.4

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

29

(g)

SHDC will note the Colleges/Faculty's/Institutes recommendation, observing the policy issues related to the research before approving the proposal and reporting to Senate for noting. The maximum period for the submission of the proposal is six months. Candidates will pay $20 or equivalent for each monthly extension beyond the six months.

(h)

7.2.5

A candidate registered for the Ph.D. degree programme may, on recommendation of the relevant College/Faculty/Institute Board, be required to do one or more formal courses appropriate to his/her field of study, as prescribed by his/her supervisor(s). The respective teaching units may facilitate provision of relevant research methods and Communication Skills courses. The appointed supervisor(s) shall guide the candidate in his/her research and shall submit periodic reports (twice a year) on the candidate's progress (Form UDSM/PG.F6). (Guidelines to postgraduate student supervisors are detailed in Section 12). The duration of the registration period, including the six months of research proposal processing, shall be three years for full time and five years for parttime candidates. If, for valid reason(s), a candidate wishes to temporarily halt studies, he/she has to apply to SHDC for the freezing of the registration through the supervisor, Department, and College/Faculty/Institute. The maximum period for freezing of registration shall be three years. Candidates who, for valid reasons, fail to complete their theses/dissertations within the specified period may apply (using UDSM/PG.F7) for an extension of the registration period. The candidate shall pay Tshs. 25,000/= per month for such an extension. The total extension period shall not exceed two years for full-time and three years for part-time candidates. Granted the extensions, the maximum duration of registration for a PhD degree shall be five years for full-time and seven years for part-time students.

7.2.6

7.2.7 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

7.2.8

A candidate for the PhD degree, whose thesis examiners are either in disagreement or have recommended thesis revision and resubmission may, on the recommendation of the College/Faculty/Institute Board, transfer registration to a relevant existing Masters programme.

30

7.3 7.3.1

Submission of a Ph.D. Thesis The Ph. D. degree examination requires the submission of a thesis by the candidate, embodying the results of the research. (a) No candidate may be permitted to submit a thesis for the PhD degree in less than 24 months from the date of registration. A doctoral candidate may, however, be allowed to submit his/her thesis earlier than this if the supervisor and the relevant Faculty/Institute postgraduate studies committee is satisfied with the candidates research contribution.

7.3.2

(b)

7.3.3

At least three months before the thesis is submitted; the candidate shall, through the supervisor, give notice of intention to submit the thesis. He/she should do this in writing to the Chairperson, SHDC (see Appendix II, UDSM PG.F8) submitting, at the same time, the proposed title and an outline of the plan and general scope of the thesis. Every thesis submitted for the PhD degree of the University of Dar es Salaam must be accompanied by a declaration by the candidate, stating that it is the candidate's own original work and that it has not been submitted for a similar degree in any other University. The thesis must be submitted in six loose-bound copies, plus one soft copy. The thesis shall contain a statement of copyright by the author, (for details, see Guidelines for Preparation and Presentation of Higher Degree theses, in the appendices). No part of the thesis may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the author or the University of Dar es Salaam in that behalf. Every thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy must be satisfactory with respect to its format and text presentation. The thesis must contain a one page abstract, which shall concisely indicate the problem investigated, the procedures, research methods employed, the general results, new contributions made, and the major conclusions reached. The thesis shall contain a declaration by the candidate's supervisor confirming that he/she has read the thesis and found it acceptable for examination. Examination of Theses and Award of a Ph. D. Degree For every PhD candidate approaching submission Senate shall appoint, on the recommendation of the relevant College/Faculty/Institute Board and the SHDC, at least three qualified examiners, one of whom shall be External to the University of Dar es Salaam. The Examiners shall be required to assess the thesis following31

7.3.4

7.3.5

7.3.6

7.3.7

7.3.8

7.4

7.4.1(a)

standards similar to those applicable to PhD degrees in all recognised Universities elsewhere. (b) One of the Internal Examiners shall be the principal supervisor of the candidates work, the second internal examiner shall be an expert not involved in the candidates supervision.

7.4.2

The Examiners shall be required to submit independent reports on the PhD thesis as prescribed under the Masters programme. (a) The examiners shall be required to submit their detailed reports on the thesis within a period of two months from the date of receipt of the thesis. If the reports are not received within four months, new examiners shall be appointed.

(b) 7.4.3

The PhD thesis should show evidence that the candidate has made an original and significant contribution to knowledge, and each examiner shall submit a summary of the report on the thesis (using form UDSM/PG.F10) with a definite recommendation for one of the following actions:(a) (b) The PhD degree be awarded to the candidate unconditionally; The degree be awarded subject to typographical corrections and/or minor revisions; The degree be awarded subject to making substantial revisions and corrections recommended. The degree should not be awarded, but the candidate be allowed to revise and resubmit the PhD thesis for re-examination after a further period of study and/or research; The degree should not be awarded, but the candidate be permitted to re-submit the work in a revised form for a Masters Degree award; The thesis be rejected outright.

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f) 7.4.4

The Directorate of Postgraduate Studies shall pay an honorarium of US $300 to the External Examiner and US $150 to the Internal Examiner on receiving detailed reports and summary reports of the thesis under examination. A thesis rejected as per regulation 7.4.3 (e) above must be re-written and re-submitted for re-examination within 18 months. Candidates who fail to submit their thesis within the period stated in 7.4.5 above shall be discontinued from studies.32

7.4.5

7.4.6

7.4.7

Where the examiners are not in agreement in their overall recommendation after the resumission, SHDC shall consider the case and recommend one of the following actions: (a) (b) (c) The recommendation of the External Examiner(s) be adopted; or An additional independent examiner be appointed; or The relevant Faculty/Department be requested to establish a panel of experts, internal and/or external to the University, with Senates approval, to examine the candidate orally.

7.5 7.5.1

Viva Voce Examination for Ph.D. Candidates In addition to writing a thesis, the PhD candidate shall appear for a viva voce examination.

7. 5.2 The viva voce examination shall take place only after the SHDC and Senate have been satisfied that the thesis submitted by the candidate is considered by the examiners to be of acceptable standard. 7.5.3 The questions in the viva voce examination shall primarily focus on the candidate's thesis research area. Questions in peripheral areas are also encouraged, if they help to establish the candidate's level of academic maturity in the thesis subject area. The members of viva voce panel shall be so selected as to ensure that the candidate is examined by sufficiently qualified and experienced scholars in the research (or related) area. (a) The viva voce examination shall comprise at least seven examiners appointed by the Senate through the relevant Faculty/Institute board and the SHDC. The composition of the viva voce panel shall be as follows:(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Chairperson (with voting power). External Examiner who examined the thesis (or his/her representative). Internal Examiner who supervised the work and examined the thesis. A second Internal Examiner (or his/her representative, where applicable), who did not supervise the candidate, but who also examined the thesis. Appointee of the Dean of Faculty/Director of Institute where the candidate is registered. Appointee of the Head of Department where the candidate is registered. Three other qualified co-opted members, invited by the relevant Faculty/Institute, and approved by Senate through the relevant committee.

7.5.4

7.5.5

(b)

(v) (vi) (vii)

(c)

The other supervisor(s) who did not examine the thesis shall be invited to the viva voce examination as observers. They shall neither have voting power nor ask questions.33

7.5.6

The Chairperson of the viva voce panel, who need not be a specialist in the candidate's thesis area, shall be a senior academician (at least senior lecturer), and shall be appointed by the Senate through the SHDC, on the recommendation of the relevant Faculty/Institute Board. Panellists under Regulation no. 7.5.5 (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) who are unable to be present at the viva voce examination, shall submit their oral examination questions to the SHDC, and also nominate their representatives (where possible) to the viva voce who shall be appointed as per 7.5.5 (a). The viva voce panellists shall be provided with full texts of the thesis examiners' reports, and copies of the candidate's thesis, at least two weeks before the date of the oral examination. The function of the viva voce shall be: (a) to ascertain that :(i) (ii) (iii) The thesis presented (the data, methodology, analysis and findings) is the original work of the candidate; The broader subject area in which the study is based is fully grasped; Any weakness in the thesis can be adequately clarified by the candidate; and

7.5.7

7.5.8

7.5.9

(b)

to make a definite recommendation to the SHDC and Senate whether the candidate has passed or failed.

7.5.10 The viva voce panel shall, as far as possible, work towards arriving at a unanimous decision on the candidate's performance as per 7.5.9 (a) (i) to (iii). Where the panellists are unable to reach a unanimous agreement as to whether the candidate passes or fails, a vote shall be taken to arrive at a decision. A majority vote in favour of passing the candidate shall be required for passing a viva voce examination. 7.5.11 (a) At the end of the viva voce examination, the panel members shall sign a viva voce Examinations Results Form UDSM/PG.F12 giving a specific recommendation to SHDC on the candidate's performance with a definite recommendation for one of the following actions. (i) Candidate PASSES and no additional corrections in the thesis are required. or The Candidate PASSES subject to making minor corrections and revisions in the thesis as stated in the viva voce proceedings, within three months., or Candidate is referred to make substantial corrections and revisions as stated in the viva voce proceedings within six months, and at least two34

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

viva voce panellists must certify that the corrections have been done as directed., or Candidate fails but should be given another chance to resubmit and defend the thesis after eliminating the weaknesses detailed in the viva voce proceedings. Candidate fails outright

(v) (b)

The Chairperson of the panel shall also submit to SHDC a comprehensive report approved by the oral panellists, detailing all the questions addressed to the candidate and the answers he/she gave to those questions. Whereupon, each panellist in the viva voce examination shall receive an honorarium at the rate approved by the University

(c)

7.5.12 Where there is disagreement between the recommendations of the thesis examiners and those of the viva voce panellists, the SHDC shall carefully study the case and recommend to Senate one of the following actions: (a) The candidate revises and re-submits the thesis and subsequently re-appears for a further oral examination, within a specified period, but not exceeding 12 months from the date of the decision by Senate, or The candidate be deemed to have failed outright.

(b)

7.5.13 The duration of the viva voce examination shall normally not exceed three hours. Maximum of 45 minutes of presentation Maximum of 2 hour of questions and answers Maximum of 15 minutes of deliberations 7.5.14 Senate shall make the final decision on the PhD degree award to the candidate, on the recommendation of the SHDC. 7.5.15 Subsequent publications from a thesis submitted for the PhD degree of the University of Dar es Salaam must contain a statement to the effect that the work is based on a thesis submitted to the University. 7.5.16 The Directorate of Postgraduate Studies shall pay a token honorarium to each viva voce panel member at an approved University rate.

35

8 8.1 8.1.1

HIGHER DOCTORATE DEGREES Definition Higher Doctorate at the University of Dar es Salaam shall mean the degrees of: (a) (b) (c) Doctor of Literature in the Faculties of Arts and Social Sciences, Education, Commerce and Management, and Institute of Development Studies. Doctor of Laws in the Faculty of Law, and Doctor of Science in the Faculties of Engineering, Medicine, and Science.

8.1.2

The Higher Doctorates are granted for original contribution of distinguished merit to some branch of science or the humanities. Eligibility for Candidacy The following members of staff of the University of Dar es Salaam shall be eligible for candidacy for the award of a Higher Doctorate of the University of Dar es Salaam. (a) (b) (c) Holders of a PhD of the University of Dar es Salaam, of at least five years standing; or Holders of a PhD degree of the former University of East Africa, or Holders of a PhD degree or equivalent of any other recognised University provided that, at the time of applying for candidacy, they will have served the University of Dar es Salaam in teaching, research or other approved role for a minimum period of five years.

8.2 8.2.1

8.3 8.3.1

Application for Candidacy A candidate for this award shall normally apply for a Higher Doctorate of the Faculty/Institute in which the subject of his/her previous degree(s) was studied. The intending candidate must supply to the relevant Faculty, through his/her complete Curriculum Vitae and any other documents, sufficient evidence of his/her qualifications for the Higher Doctorate candidacy. The candidate's application must be accompanied by a unifying statement of not more that 5000 words, which concisely but comprehensively sums up his/her significant contribution(s) to knowledge in a chosen field. Together with the unifying statement, the candidate must submit a compilation of his/her/her important and original published works (excluding works earlier submitted for Masters or PhD degrees). Published works shall mean what is printed as books or papers in a reputed journal, or work already accepted for publication. (Serious emphasis is placed on published work to ensure that the work submitted for examination has been available for criticism).

8.3.2

8.3.3

8.3.4

36

8.3.5

The candidate's application for candidacy shall be scrutinised by the appropriate Faculty/Institute, and his/her candidature shall be approved through the relevant Faculty/Institute Board, the SHDC, and Senate. Submission of Published Works and Examinations The work submitted by the candidate shall be in four copies, and be referred to three examiners appointed by Senate on the recommendation of the Faculty/Institute Board, and the SHDC. All the Examiners shall be external to the University, preferably holder of Higher Doctorates themselves. The work shall be accompanied by a declaration by the candidate, that it has not been submitted for a Higher Doctorate in any other University. The job of the examiners is to carefully and critically examine the candidate's contribution to ascertain that: (a) (b) (c) (d) The work shows outstanding originality: The candidate's contribution to knowledge has been substantial; The format of presentation of the candidate's work is acceptable. Examiners for the Higher Doctorate should, therefore, be selected from amongst the most highly distinguished international scholars in the subject, preferably holders of Higher Doctorates themselves.

8.4 8.4.1

8.4.2

8.4.3

8.4.4

The examiners may recommend the candidate to appear for a viva voce examination. Under such circumstances, the PhD regulations for viva voce examination shall be used as guidelines. Higher Doctorate Award The examiners shall submit a report on the candidate's published work, recommending, in definite terms, whether or not the Higher Doctorate should be awarded to him/her/her. In case of disagreement between the examiners, similar guidelines as those prescribed for Masters and PhD candidates shall be followed. The final approval on the degree award shall be granted by Senate, after it has been satisfied that the work presented makes a substantial and distinct contribution to knowledge. A candidate who fails to qualify for the Higher Doctorate award shall not be allowed to re-apply for the same degree for at least three years. The successful Higher Doctorate candidate shall be required to give a public lecture on his/her contribution before the degree is awarded.

8.5 8.5.1

8.5.2

8.5.3

8.5.4

37

9.0 9.1

OCCASIONAL STUDENTS Definition The term "Occasional Student", as applied at the University of Dar es Salaam, shall be taken to mean any student whose study programme lasts for only one semester, or part of a semester, and does not extend to a full academic year.

9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2

Entry Requirements The entry qualifications shall be as those prescribed for regular students. The application for Occasional Studentship must be supported by at least two referees. At least one of these must be an academic member of staff, who is well acquainted with University teaching and research. The admission of an Occasional Student will take into consideration not only the academic qualifications of the applicant, but also the availability of a local supervisor in the relevant Department where the applicant intends to undertake studies. While Occasional Students are not obliged to sit for the end of semester examinations, they are encouraged to do so. They may be allowed to take various courses by audit. Occasional Students shall pay their fees pro rata, in accordance with what is prescribed for regular postgraduate students. Occasional Students may register for some undergraduate courses. SHORT-TERM STUDENTS Definition The term "Short-term Student" as applied at the University of Dar es Salaam, shall be taken to mean any student whose study programme lasts for one full academic year.

9.2.3

9.2.4

9.2.5

9.2.6 10 10.1

10.2

Entry Requirements

10.2.1 The admission qualifications shall be as those prescribed for regular postgraduate students. 10.2.2 Short-term students are expected to enrol in their courses for credit. Hence they shall be required to appear for end of semester examinations. 10.2.3 Short-term postgraduate students taking courses on credit will be governed by the general university regulations applicable to other relevant postgraduate courses.

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10.2.4 Short-term students may register for undergraduate courses, in which case relevant undergraduate regulations shall apply. 10.2.5 Short-term students may enrol for training by research alone, in which case they will be assigned supervisors to guide them. 10.2.6 Short-term students who attain the grade of B or higher in their prescribed postgraduate courses, may be allowed to change their status to a Masters degree (in exceptional circumstances to a PhD degree) course. 10.2.7 Short-term students shall pay their fees in accordance with what is prescribed for the regular postgraduate students.

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11.0 11.1

SANDWICH PROGRAMMES/RESEARCH ASSOCIATESHIP The University of Dar es Salaam has developed links with other Academic institutions for collaboration in postgraduate training. Under these arrangements, postgraduate students at the coursework stage registered in other Universities can have opportunities to conduct part of their studies at the University of Dar es Salaam as part time or occasional students as per sections 9 and 10 depending on the period they would like to stay at the University of Dar es Salaam. Postgraduate students registered in other institutions may also have the opportunity to conduct part of their studies at the dissertation or thesis phase as research associates. In order to obtain such associateship, candidates must send applications to Senate through SHDC and the respective teaching units at least six months in advance stating the duration they would spend at the University of Dar es Salaam. The application letter must be attached with the following documents:(i) A concise statement of the proposed project including objectives, description of problem area, methodology, expected outputs, the period of research and places in Tanzania where the work will be carried out. Confirmation of availability of financial support to cover travel, fees, research funds and upkeep allowances, and/or any other material support for the intended research. Applicants full curriculum vitae. Names of two referees who are qualified in the field of research which the applicant wishes to undertake. Name of contact person in the Department of intended study at the University of Dar es Salaam. Ethical Clearance if necessary from his/her country and from the relevant Tanzanian authority. Research Clearance

11.2

(ii)

(iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) 11.3

The Research associateship will be awarded for a period not exceeding one academic year. Applicants for registration as a Postgraduate Research Associate shall hold either a good Bachelor or Masters degree and must be registered students of recognized institutions of higher learning. Research Associates who wish to extend their work at the University may apply for renewal at least two months before the expiry of their registration. The renewal letter stating justification for continuation of the registration must be sent to the Senate through the SHDC and the respective teaching Units. Fees

11.4

11.5.

11.5.1 A non-refundable application fee of US $ 30 for Masters and US $ 50 for Ph.D. research for foreigners, Tshs 10,000/ for Masters and 20,000/= for Ph.D. for Tanzanians must be paid on submission of application materials.

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11.5.2 Successful foreign applicants will be required to pay fees direct to the University before or upon arrival at the University as follows:(a) Bench Fee Cluster 1: US $ 1458 Cluster 2: US $ 1844Programmes in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (except Economics), Education, Nursing, IJMC, IDS, IRA, and College of Engineering and Technology (except Computer Engineering and Information Technology) Programmes in the Faculty of Science, Commerce, Dentistry, Aquatic Science and Technology, Economics Department, Environment Health Sciences at MUCHS, and UCLAS Programmes: Architecture, Land Management & Valuation, Urban & Regional Planning, Environmental Engineering, Land Surveying, Building Economics Programmes in the Faculty of Laws (LL.M.), Medicine, Pharmacy, Electrical and Computer Engineering Systems, and Informatics and Virtual Education

Cluster 3: US $ 2616 (b)

Other Direct University Costs US $ Application fee for Masters Students Application fee for Ph. D. Students Registration (once) Bench fee (per year) Supervision fee (per year) Caution money (once) Student Union (per year) Identity Card (once) Medical Capitation (per year) Research Funds 30 50 100 * 1,000 50 20 2 250 3,000

11.5.3 Successful Tanzanian applicants will be required to pay fees directly to the University before arrival or upon arrival at the University as follows:(d) Bench Fee Cluster 1: T. Shs. 700,000/= Cluster 2: T. Shs. 900,000/=Programmes in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (except Economics), Education, Nursing, IJMC, IDS, IRA, and College of Engineering and Technology (except Computer Engineering and Information Technology) Programmes in the Faculty of Science, Commerce, Dentistry, Aquatic Science and Technology, Economics Department, Environment Health Sciences at MUCHS, and UCLAS Programmes: Architecture, Land Management & Valuation, Urban & Regional Planning, Environmental Engineering, Land Surveying, Building Economics Programmes in the Faculty of Laws (LL.M.), Medicine, Pharmacy, Electrical and Computer Engineering Systems, and Informatics and Virtual Education

Cluster 3: T. Shs. 1,300,000/=

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(e) Other Direct University Costs T. Shs. Application fee for Masters Students Application fee for PhD Students Registration (once) Bench fee (per year) Supervision fee (per year) Caution money (once) Student Union (per year) Identity Card (once) Medical Capitation (per year) Research Fund 11.5.4 The distribution of fees will be as follows Application Fee shall be paid to the hosting teaching Unit. Registration, Identity Card, Medical Capitation, Caution money, Student Union, and Supervision fee will be paid to the University. Bench fee shall be paid to the hosting teaching Unit, which will retain 80% and remit 20% to the University. 11.5.5 The University will pay staff members supervising the candidate at an approved rate. 10,000 20,000 50,000 * 600,000 10,000 2,500 1,000 100,000 1,500,000

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12. 13.1

SUPERVISION OF POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS Introduction

12.1.1 When postgraduate applications are considered for thesis candidates, heads of relevant departments in the University of Dar es Salaam are required to recommend a supervisor(s) for each prospective student. The relevant Faculty/Institute Boards shall appoint supervisors and reports on the appointments will be sent to the SHDC. The same applies for course-work and dissertation candidates who have qualified to continue with the dissertation component of the Masters Degree programme. The candidates should be consulted on the selection of supervisors. 12.1.2 Usually each postgraduate student is assigned a single supervisor. In cases where the need for additional expert supervision exists, however, one or more additional supervisors may be appointed. This is especially true where the student's research topic is multi-disciplinary and hence requires supervision from more than one academic discipline. In such instances, one of the supervisors is normally designated as the principal supervisor. 12.1.3 When the candidate starts to undertake research, he/she is essentially swimming into uncharted waters. A supervisor should try to answer the following questions: Is the role of the supervisor that of watching how the candidate swims across to the shore? Is the supervisor, experienced as he/she is, expected to swim along with the candidate leading him/her across the uncharted waters? What really are the duties and responsibilities of the supervisor? What distinction is there in the supervisor's role between a Masters and a PhD research candidate? In the following pages these questions are addressed. It is hoped that the information will be useful for young lecturers who have not had the experience of supervising higher degree candidates before, as well as to experienced professors who may be too busy, as well as too deeply involved in their own work to have time to think about these questions. 12.2 General Duties and Responsibilities of Supervisors

12.2.1 The Head of Department should carefully consider the proposed supervisor's area of expertise, his/her qualifications and experience before nomination for a supervisory role. 12.2.2 The Supervisor is the Universitys agent in ensuring that:(i) (ii) (iii) A particular higher degree candidate is maintaining satisfactory progress; The candidate receives adequate advice and encouragement on the thesis/dissertation research project; The work being done on the thesis/dissertation is reviewed critically and on a continuous basis.

12.2.3 From the University's point of view, a positive attitude and relationship between the supervisor(s) and the candidate is essential in order to:43

(i) (ii) (iii)

Ascertain that the candidate completes the research work he/she started; Be able to identify difficult problems, or inadequate work, early enough to avoid unnecessary frustrations to the candidate; Restore a "failing" piece of work to acceptable standards;

12.2.4 Since the supervisor is the agent of the University in ensuring that the student's work attains a satisfactory standard, he/she should be an active member of the Department, who is well acquainted with all the University's postgraduate regulations. 12.2.5 As far as possible, the supervisor should supervise postgraduate students only in his/her area of specialisation. This would help to ensure high standards of attainment, and to avoid possible embarrassments resulting from rejection of theses classified as shallow by external examiners. 12.2.6 The supervisor should know the student well, and be familiar with whatever special problems the candidate may have. 12.2.7 The supervisor should know the distinction between his/her expected role, when supervising a Masters Degree theses, and a PhD degree theses. He/She should understand that, in essence: (a) The Masters Research programme is designed as a training course, in which the candidate is expected to: i) ii) iii) iv) Be exposed to the fundamentals of research; Acquire certain new techniques; Learn how to present the results of research in a scholarly manner; Make some important contribution to knowledge, even though it may not be very original. Because he/she lacks previous research experience, the Masters candidate requires close and careful supervision at all times, but more so during the early stages when learning the research techniques, and at the time of thesis writing.

(b)

The PhD, in contrast, is recognition of successful postgraduate research experience. Here the supervisor should recognise that the candidate had already acquired some training experience in research as a Masters candidate. Consequently, for the PhD, the supervisor expects the candidate to: (i) make a distinct contribution to new knowledge, of fact and/or theory; (ii) Produce considerably much more original work than required for the Masters programme; (iii) Go much deeper and more extensively in the review of the relevant literature than is the case for the Masters candidate; (iv) Be more critical in the analysis of the data he/she has collected; (v) Exercise more initiative in the research than for the Masters Degree research programme.

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12.2.8

After the first year or two, the PhD candidate should be able to work independently, and to be guided rather than directed by the supervisor. Still it is the responsibility of the supervisor to guide the candidate in the right direction. The supervisor has the responsibility of assisting the candidate to formulate an appropriate research proposal. The research proposal must be approved by the relevant Boards before the candidate formally begins to undertake the research.

12.2.9

12.2.10 The supervisor has the responsibility of focusing ahead, and seeing the potential and limitations of the research problem, before the candidate goes too far with the research work. He/She should be capable of foreseeing through his/her previous research experience, whether or not the candidate will get meaningful data within two to three years of research or whether the proposed research is suitable for a higher degree. Supervisors must have this kind of foresight in order to reduce the common problem of students' wasted effort to a minimum. 12.2.11 In order to start the students on the right footing, each Department which offers postgraduate training, should establish/activate a Postgraduate Research Committee. The committee should be composed of about four academic members of staff, some of whom, by virtue of representing the Department/Faculty at HDRPC/SHDC, are well versed with the Postgraduate Research Proposal Review process. To facilitate critical and constructive evaluation of proposals at the departmental stage, each member shall be given a copy of the proposal some days before its presentation in a seminar. 12.2.12 The supervisor has the responsibility of monitoring the candidate's progress throughout the research period. There are various methods through which he/she can do this: (a) Requesting the candidate to submit periodic reports (every three months) about his/her research progress. The reports may well constitute drafts of the final thesis/dissertation. In reviewing them, the supervisor should take the opportunity to advise the candidate on matters of presentation, and if necessary, to make suggestions where modifications are required. The supervisor should use such reports as a basis for writing his/her own report to the Higher Degrees Committee on the candidate's research progress, and as the basis for recommending the upgrading of a candidate's registration from Masters to PhD, or if need be, recommending him/her for discontinuation from studies. If the supervisor does not receive a report from the candidate on his/her research progress, he/she should submit his/her own. Regular consultations between the candidate and the supervisor (e.g. once every month) to discuss the research work, is advised. Frequent consultations help to make