Ultra-Wideband Research Ultra-Wideband Research and Implementationand Implementation

By Jarrod Cook and Nathan GoveBy Jarrod Cook and Nathan GoveAdvisors: Advisors:

Dr. Brian HugginsDr. Brian HugginsDr. In Soo AhnDr. In Soo Ahn

Dr. Prasad ShastryDr. Prasad Shastry

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline IntroductionIntroduction OverviewOverview

Brief History of UWBBrief History of UWB Consumer Electronics Consumer Electronics

DemandDemand Spectrum OverviewSpectrum Overview

ModulationModulation QPSKQPSK OFDMOFDM ProgressProgress

Baseband TransmitterBaseband Transmitter

Radio Frequency (RF)Radio Frequency (RF) TransmitterTransmitter ReceiverReceiver ProgressProgress

Baseband ReceiverBaseband Receiver RequirementsRequirements Equipment ListEquipment List ScheduleSchedule PatentsPatents Future PlansFuture Plans QuestionsQuestions

Introduction to UWBIntroduction to UWB

Ultra-wideband technology is a wireless Ultra-wideband technology is a wireless transmission technique approved for transmission technique approved for unlicensed use in 2002 under the FCC unlicensed use in 2002 under the FCC Part 15 Part 15

Ideal for portable multimedia devices Ideal for portable multimedia devices because of its inherent low power because of its inherent low power consumption and high bit rates consumption and high bit rates

Why Research UWB?Why Research UWB?

UWB is likely to revolutionize the UWB is likely to revolutionize the consumer electronic market in the near consumer electronic market in the near future.future.Wireless USB devicesWireless USB devicesWireless communication for High-Definition Wireless communication for High-Definition

devicesdevicesUWB has the power to eliminate the UWB has the power to eliminate the

majority of wires to and from multimedia majority of wires to and from multimedia devicesdevices

OverviewOverview

Brief HistoryBrief History IEEE 802.15.3aIEEE 802.15.3aECMA 368 and 369ECMA 368 and 369

Consumer Electronics DemandConsumer Electronics DemandHigh data-rate wireless transmissionsHigh data-rate wireless transmissionsLow power consumption for portable devicesLow power consumption for portable devices

UWB allows data rate equivalent to USB UWB allows data rate equivalent to USB 2.0 (480 Mb/s)2.0 (480 Mb/s)

Project SummaryProject Summary

The goal of this project is to complete a scaled-The goal of this project is to complete a scaled-down version of a UWB transceiver.down version of a UWB transceiver.

Specifically, we will focus on the following:Specifically, we will focus on the following: Understanding the theoryUnderstanding the theory Simulink modelingSimulink modeling DSP implementationDSP implementation RF Modeling/simulationRF Modeling/simulation RF transceiver hardware fabricationRF transceiver hardware fabrication TestingTesting

Wireless Transmission MethodsWireless Transmission Methods

NarrowbandNarrowband AdvantagesAdvantages

RangeRange Conservation of Conservation of

spectrumspectrum CostCost

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Power consumptionPower consumption Limited bandwidthLimited bandwidth Limited data ratesLimited data rates

WidebandWideband AdvantagesAdvantages

High data ratesHigh data rates Low power Low power

consumptionconsumption Spectrum coexistenceSpectrum coexistence

DisadvantagesDisadvantages RangeRange Power output Power output

regulations to prevent regulations to prevent interferenceinterference

UWB Spectrum OverviewUWB Spectrum Overview

Power spectral density Power spectral density -41.3 dBm/MHz-41.3 dBm/MHzFCC part 15 limitFCC part 15 limit

Frequency RangeFrequency Range3.1 to 10.6 GHz3.1 to 10.6 GHzSub-bandsSub-bands

ModulationModulation

QPSK or 4-QAMQPSK or 4-QAMGray Coded MappingGray Coded MappingSymbolsSymbolsUsed for data rates fromUsed for data rates from

80 to 200 Mb/s80 to 200 Mb/s I and QI and Q

16-QAM or DCM16-QAM or DCMUsed for data rates fromUsed for data rates from

320 Mb/s to 480 Mb/s320 Mb/s to 480 Mb/s

OFDMOFDM

BenefitsBenefitsResistance to multi-path fadingResistance to multi-path fading

SpectrumSpectrumFull ECMA standardized UWB spectrumFull ECMA standardized UWB spectrum

Scaled-down project spectrumScaled-down project spectrum

DC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 24 25 26 34 35 36 44 46 54 55 56 5745 61-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-24-25-26-34-35-36-44-46-54-55-56-57 -45-61

D0 D1 D9 D10 D18 D19 D27 D28 D36 D37 D38 D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48 D49 D99D98D90D89D81D80D72D71D63D62D61D60D59D58D57D56D55D54D53D52D51D50

G0 G4 G5 G9

P0 P1 P2 P3 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P11P4 P10

62 63 64-62-63-64

DC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9

D42 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48 D49 D57D56D55D54D53D52D51D50

P5 P6

-10-11-12-13

D38 D39 D40 D41

10 11 12 13

D61D60D59D58

Byte 4Byte 3Byte 2Byte 1 Byte 5 Byte 6

14 15 16-14-15-16

OFDMOFDM

fi

Frequency Subcarrier(not delta function) To Time

DomainSignal

TD Signal into Freq.Domain

Frequency Subcarrier(not delta function) To Time

DomainSignal

TD Signal into Freq.Domain

f1 f2 fN

Baseband TransmitterBaseband Transmitter

To facilitate all of the modulation To facilitate all of the modulation techniques for UWB, a TI C6000 Series techniques for UWB, a TI C6000 Series DSP platform will be used.DSP platform will be used.

Block DiagramBlock Diagram

Current ProgressCurrent Progress

Simulink ModelingSimulink ModelingSimple transmitter, channel, receiver Simple transmitter, channel, receiver

completedcompleted

Simulink SimulationsSimulink SimulationsTransmitted Spectrum & Symbols Received – SNR = 30 dB

BER = 0.0

Received – SNR = 20 dB BER = 0.013

Received – SNR = 10 dB BER = 0.310

Radio Frequency HardwareRadio Frequency Hardware

TransmitterTransmitterBlock DiagramBlock Diagram

Direct Quadrature ModulatorDirect Quadrature ModulatorModulates the I and Q componentsModulates the I and Q componentsPre-fabricated chip will be purchasedPre-fabricated chip will be purchased

AntennaI

Q

Direct Quadrature Modulator

OscillatorFilter

PA

Quadrature ModulatorQuadrature Modulator Block DiagramBlock Diagram

A local oscillator will provide the carrier A local oscillator will provide the carrier frequency that is desired.frequency that is desired.

Mixers shift the I and Q baseband frequencies to Mixers shift the I and Q baseband frequencies to the carrier frequency.the carrier frequency.

The two components are combined to produced The two components are combined to produced the RF signal.the RF signal.

I component

Q component

Local Oscillator

RF output

FilteringFiltering

Band-pass filters are needed to prevent Band-pass filters are needed to prevent any spurious frequencies from the mixing any spurious frequencies from the mixing process to be transmitted.process to be transmitted.

AntennaI

Q

Direct Quadrature Modulator

OscillatorFilter

PA

AmplificationAmplification

Power AmplifiersPower AmplifiersRequired to boost signal strength before Required to boost signal strength before

transmission.transmission.This stage will present challenges regarding This stage will present challenges regarding

maximum output power allowed by the FCC maximum output power allowed by the FCC for UWB transmissions.for UWB transmissions.

The design will depend on the quadrature The design will depend on the quadrature modulator specifications which are TBD.modulator specifications which are TBD.

AntennaAntenna

A UWB antenna will A UWB antenna will either be designed or either be designed or purchased.purchased.

Several types to Several types to consider:consider: Omni-directionalOmni-directional

DipoleDipole DirectionalDirectional

HornHorn YagiYagi PatchPatch

AntennaAntenna

Antenna design will be challenging due to Antenna design will be challenging due to the wide bandwidth of the UWB spectrum.the wide bandwidth of the UWB spectrum.

To meet the FCC Effective Isotropic To meet the FCC Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) guideline, antenna Radiated Power (EIRP) guideline, antenna gain must be taken into consideration.gain must be taken into consideration.

ReceiverReceiver

Block DiagramBlock Diagram

Pre-Select Filter

LNA

Low Pass Filter

Low Pass Filter

I

Q

To A/D Converter

To A/D Converter

Local Oscillator

Receiver ComponentsReceiver Components

Pre-select filterPre-select filterBand-pass filter to allow only the frequencies Band-pass filter to allow only the frequencies

desired into the receiver.desired into the receiver.Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)

Boosts the weak incoming signal to increase signal Boosts the weak incoming signal to increase signal to noise ratio.to noise ratio.

Increased receiving range.Increased receiving range.For UWB, noise figure must be very low.For UWB, noise figure must be very low.

Receiver ComponentsReceiver Components

Down ConversionDown ConversionLocal OscillatorLocal OscillatorMixersMixers

FiltersFiltersRemoving spurious components from the Removing spurious components from the

mixing processmixing process

Current ProgressCurrent Progress

Initial Quadrature Modulator researchInitial Quadrature Modulator researchHittite Microwave CorporationHittite Microwave CorporationThis chip only needs a localThis chip only needs a local

oscillator and power foroscillator and power forexternal connections.external connections.

ProblemsProblemsOutput power is too highOutput power is too high

Current ProgressCurrent Progress

The FCC limit on power spectral density The FCC limit on power spectral density for UWB is -41.3 dBm/MHz.for UWB is -41.3 dBm/MHz.This corresponds to 7.413 x 10This corresponds to 7.413 x 10-5-5 mW/MHz mW/MHzFor the total bandwidth of a UWB For the total bandwidth of a UWB

transmission, the total EIRP is 39 microwatts, transmission, the total EIRP is 39 microwatts, or -14.1 dBm.or -14.1 dBm.

This will present a challenge in the transceiver This will present a challenge in the transceiver design.design.

Baseband ReceiverBaseband Receiver

Using an identical DSP board, the analog Using an identical DSP board, the analog RF signal will be sampled, and then RF signal will be sampled, and then processed in the reverse order of the processed in the reverse order of the baseband transmitter.baseband transmitter.

Its function is to restore the original input Its function is to restore the original input data.data.

Functional RequirementsFunctional Requirements

Baseband TransmitterBaseband TransmitterThe baseband signal bandwidth shall be The baseband signal bandwidth shall be

determined at a later time, but shall be less determined at a later time, but shall be less than 528 MHz.than 528 MHz.

Functional RequirementsFunctional Requirements

RF TransmitterRF Transmitter The maximum power spectral density of the The maximum power spectral density of the

transmission shall not exceed -41.3 dBm/MHz.transmission shall not exceed -41.3 dBm/MHz. The EIRP shall not exceed -14.1 dBm. Thus, the The EIRP shall not exceed -14.1 dBm. Thus, the

maximum output power shall be less than 39 maximum output power shall be less than 39 microwatts if using an isotropic radiator.microwatts if using an isotropic radiator.

The transmitter shall have a local oscillator at The transmitter shall have a local oscillator at precisely at 3.432 GHz.precisely at 3.432 GHz.

The transmitted bandwidth shall lie in the region of The transmitted bandwidth shall lie in the region of 3.168 and 3.696 GHz.3.168 and 3.696 GHz.

The transmitter shall not interfere with any other The transmitter shall not interfere with any other wireless devices.wireless devices.

Functional RequirementsFunctional Requirements

The receiver shall be immune to other The receiver shall be immune to other non-UWB RF signals.non-UWB RF signals.

The receiver shall have an oscillator that is The receiver shall have an oscillator that is capable of adjusting to frequency drifts, capable of adjusting to frequency drifts, with a nominal frequency of precisely with a nominal frequency of precisely 3.432 GHz.3.432 GHz.

UWB Development KitsUWB Development Kits

The first several weeks were spent trying The first several weeks were spent trying to find a suitable development kit that to find a suitable development kit that would allow testing to be done on the would allow testing to be done on the technology.technology.

Five companies were foundFive companies were foundTwo were out of our budget rangeTwo were out of our budget rangeTwo were under development Two were under development The last one did not meet our specifications The last one did not meet our specifications

Equipment ListEquipment List

ScheduleSchedule

Patents and StandardsPatents and StandardsPatentsPatentsNumberNumber DescriptionDescription71394547139454 Ultra-wideband fully synthesized high-resolution receiver and Ultra-wideband fully synthesized high-resolution receiver and

methodmethod70994227099422 Synchronization of ultra-wideband communications using a Synchronization of ultra-wideband communications using a

transmitted-reference preambletransmitted-reference preamble70614427061442 Ultra-wideband antennaUltra-wideband antenna70202247020224 Ultra-wideband correlating receiverUltra-wideband correlating receiver

Patent ApplicationsPatent ApplicationsNumberNumber DescriptionDescription2006016515520060165155System and method for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication System and method for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication

transceivertransceiver2006006227720060062277Ultra-wideband signal amplifierUltra-wideband signal amplifier2006004513420060045134Ultra-wideband synchronization systems and methodsUltra-wideband synchronization systems and methods

StandardsStandardsECMA 368 ECMA 368 High Rate Ultra Wideband PHY and MAC StandardHigh Rate Ultra Wideband PHY and MAC StandardECMA 369 ECMA 369 MAC-PHY Interface for ECMA-368MAC-PHY Interface for ECMA-368

Future WorkFuture Work Baseband processorBaseband processor

Increase complexityIncrease complexity Research UWB channelsResearch UWB channels Determine maximum feasible sampling rateDetermine maximum feasible sampling rate Purchase DSP boardPurchase DSP board Implement synchronous coherent detection for receiverImplement synchronous coherent detection for receiver

RF TransmitterRF Transmitter Find a suitable quadrature modulatorFind a suitable quadrature modulator Determine and purchase hardwareDetermine and purchase hardware Model and DesignModel and Design Fabricate hardwareFabricate hardware Antenna researchAntenna research

RF ReceiverRF Receiver LNA Design and modelingLNA Design and modeling Determine and purchase hardwareDetermine and purchase hardware Fabricate hardwareFabricate hardware

TestingTesting

QuestionsQuestions

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