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Composed by :-Composed by :-Umang ShandilyaUmang Shandilya

VII-CVII-C

0NSERVATION OF FLORA & FAUNA

Unlike in the past, habitat destruction and otherenvironmental damage are eroding ournatural flora

Fast-diminishing wealth - The now extinctCheetah is a

concern for the many species of Indianwildlife under threat

ConservationConservation

ofofora & faunaora & fauna

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IntroductionIntroduction

Flora is basically the plant life that is present in a particular region orFlora is basically the plant life that is present in a particular region orhabitat or at a particular time and fauna is the animal life that ishabitat or at a particular time and fauna is the animal life that ispresent in a particular region or habitat or at a particular time.present in a particular region or habitat or at a particular time.Biodiversity is a very large topic and somewhat difficult to defineBiodiversity is a very large topic and somewhat difficult to defineadequately in only a sentence or two. In the very simplest terms,adequately in only a sentence or two. In the very simplest terms,

"biodiversity" means the diversity of life on our planet, which"biodiversity" means the diversity of life on our planet, whichincludes genetic diversity, species diversity, and habitat diversity.includes genetic diversity, species diversity, and habitat diversity.Diversity can be defined as the number of different items and theirDiversity can be defined as the number of different items and theirrelative frequency. For biological diversity, these items are organizedrelative frequency. For biological diversity, these items are organizedat many levels, ranging from complete ecosystems to the chemicalat many levels, ranging from complete ecosystems to the chemicalstructures that are the molecular basis of heredity. hus, the termstructures that are the molecular basis of heredity. hus, the termencompasses different ecosystems, species, genes, and their relativeencompasses different ecosystems, species, genes, and their relativeabundance." he area of flora, fauna and biodiversity is quiteabundance." he area of flora, fauna and biodiversity is quiteinterrelated. Flora and fauna forms a ma!or part of biodiversity.interrelated. Flora and fauna forms a ma!or part of biodiversity.

UMANGUMANG

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ConservatioConservatio

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The need for conservation of wildlife in India is often questionedbecause of the apparently incorrect priority in the face of dire povertyof the people !owever "rticle #$ of the Constitution of India speci%esthat &the state shall endeavour to protect and improve theenvironment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country&and "rticle '(-" states that &it shall be the duty of every citi)en of

India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests*la+es* rivers* and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures&,arge and charismatic mammals are important for wildlife tourism inIndia and several national par+s and wildlife sanctuaries cater to theseneeds ro.ect Tiger started in (/01 is a ma.or e2ort to conserve thetiger and its habitats "t the turn of the 13th century* one estimate of

the tiger population in India placed the %gure at #3*333* yet an Indiantiger census conducted in (/01 revealed the e4istence of only ($10tigers Various pressures in the later part of the 13th century led to theprogressive decline of wilderness resulting in the disturbance of viabletiger habitatsConservation pro.ects have been established to preserve them* but for

some species* such as the Indian cheetah* protection has come toolate - the Indian cheetah was last seen in (/#$

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Seven steps to saveSeven steps to save

ora & faunaora & fauna Species and ecosystems need space to develop and recover. At least 10% ofSpecies and ecosystems need space to develop and recover. At least 10% of

all ecosystem types should be under protection to maintain nature andall ecosystem types should be under protection to maintain nature andnatural landscapes.natural landscapes.

Without biodiversity there will be no agriculture. Farming practices shouldWithout biodiversity there will be no agriculture. Farming practices shouldnot jeopardie species survival! improving farmland diversity and reducingnot jeopardie species survival! improving farmland diversity and reducingthe usage of pesticides and fertiliser are "ey efforts to saving biodiversity.the usage of pesticides and fertiliser are "ey efforts to saving biodiversity.#rganic agriculture practices can serve as an e$ample in many areas.#rganic agriculture practices can serve as an e$ample in many areas.

&% of all fisheries are fully e$ploited or over'fished. Species li"e cod(&% of all fisheries are fully e$ploited or over'fished. Species li"e cod(haddoc" and halibut are already threatened. )f we do not move towardshaddoc" and halibut are already threatened. )f we do not move towards

sustainable use( there will be no fish left for our grandchildren.sustainable use( there will be no fish left for our grandchildren. *oads( factories and housing destroy habitats for animals and plants. )f*oads( factories and housing destroy habitats for animals and plants. )f

urban and rural development continues to ignore nature( our surroundingsurban and rural development continues to ignore nature( our surroundings

will be dominated by concrete and pollutionwill be dominated by concrete and pollution ..

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Climate change is considered to be the greatestClimate change is considered to be the greatestchallenge for humanity 5ith changing conditions*challenge for humanity 5ith changing conditions*ecosystems and habitats will change as well It is anecosystems and habitats will change as well It is anobligation to %ght climate change and ma+e sure thatobligation to %ght climate change and ma+e sure thatspecies can migrate or adapt to new surroundingsspecies can migrate or adapt to new surroundings

If you release a species outside its usual habitat* it mightIf you release a species outside its usual habitat* it mightsimply die In other cases* the so-called alien invasivesimply die In other cases* the so-called alien invasivespecies have thrived and destroyed local 6ora and faunaspecies have thrived and destroyed local 6ora and fauna"s you never +now how things turn out* reducing these"s you never +now how things turn out* reducing theseinvasions is crucialinvasions is crucial

7iodiversity is the foundation for sustainable7iodiversity is the foundation for sustainable

development Its ecosystem services provide the basisdevelopment Its ecosystem services provide the basisfor all economic activity 7iodiversity concerns need thusfor all economic activity 7iodiversity concerns need thusbe integrated into all areas of policy-ma+ing 8easuresbe integrated into all areas of policy-ma+ing 8easuresinclude mar+et incentives* development assistance*include mar+et incentives* development assistance*biodiversity-friendly trade and international governancebiodiversity-friendly trade and international governanceprocessesprocesses

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COMPOSED BY :-

UMANG SHANDILYA

VII-C