UNFCCC - NAI SOFTWARE Sector: Agriculture Practical Aspects and Exercises

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UNFCCC - NAI SOFTWARE Sector: Agriculture

Practical Aspects and Exercises

CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands – on Training Workshop for the African Region

Pretoria, South Africa

18 – 22 September 2006

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CONTENT

Specific details of the UNFCCC -NAI Software use to calculate GHG emissions in the sector Agriculture.

Practical exercises (to be solved by the participants after the presentation).

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BACKGROUND

The choice of a good practice method is given by the decision threes in the IPCC GPG according to national circumstances.

The UNFCCC -NAI Software contains, basically, the methods of smaller complexity that can use countries for the preparation of inventories.

However, in principle, the software can be used to report the estimated emissions independently of the complexity of used method (Tier 2, 3 etc).

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SECTOR: AGRICULTURE

Sector 4: Agriculture Source Categories and Subcategories Worksheets CH4 and N2O From Domestic Livestock. 4A. CH4 from Enteric Fermentation 4B. CH4 from Manure Management 4B. N2O from Manure Management

4-1s1 to 4-1s2 and 4-1 Supplemental (*) (8)

4C. CH4 Emissions from Flooded Rice Fields 4-2s1 (**) (1) 4E. Prescribed Burning of Savannas 4-3s1 to 4-3s3 (3) 4F Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 4-4s1 to 4-4s3 (3) 4D.Agricultural Soils 4-5s1 to 5-5s5

4-5A (Supplemental) 4-5B (Supplemental) (7)

(#) Quantity of sheets Changes in the worksheets with respect to the IPCC Software

* In 4.1 (supplemental) the unit of the activity was changed in the column A. In the current software is in number of animals (in the previous software in some sheets appeared in 1000s of animals)

** Was changed the unit for Harvested Area by one of more frequent use. Other minor changes in the calculation formula to obtain the emission in Gg

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SECTOR: AGRICULTURECH4 Emissions from Domestic Livestock

Enteric Fermentation (1)

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (1) UNFCCC -

NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Tier 2 Methods

Remarks

4A. CH4 Emissions from Enteric Fermentation in Domestic Livestock

4-1s1 to 4-1s2 and 4-1 Supplemental

More complex approach

-The software is prepared for the method Tier 1. The application of the method Tier 2 require the modification of the worksheets -The amount of CH4 is primarily driven by the number of animals, the type of digestive system and the type and amount of feed consumed. Tier 1: If the number of animals by livestock type (three years average) is available there are not difficulties to estimate emission using the software. -Simplified approach based on default EF. -Data on livestock categories and milk production should be used to select default EF. Notes: -It is good practice to review the Tier 1 EF to ensure that underlying animal characteristics used to develop them are similar to the conditions in the country. -Often Tier 2 is used for dairy cattle and sheep and Tier 1 for the other animals.

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Enteric Fermentation (2) SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (2)

UNFCCC -NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Tier 2 Methods

Remarks

4A. CH4 Emissions from Enteric Fermentation in Domestic Livestock



Tier 2 -Requires detailed country-specific data on nutrient requirements, feed intake and CH4 conversion rates for specified feed types which are used to develop EF for country-defined livestock categories. It uses the same equations of the Tier 1 but applies more disaggregated livestock population categories and uses calculated EF. Notes: -Animal population data should be from the detailed livestock characterization. -The Worksheets are prepared for the Tier 1 method (simplified). It is recommended to use the Tier 2 method if this category is key. The Tier 2 method uses country-specific information to calculate the EF. Suggestion: If that approach is used in substitution of the Tier1 method, then: 1) Modify the Worksheets using more disaggregated livestock categories. A bigger breakdown is usually required especially for the bovine livestock in categories by sex and age. For this should be added the necessary lines to the worksheets, maintaining the calculation procedures and their links with the sectoral summary tables. 2) Makes the calculations of EF outside of software; 3) Add note to the Documentation Boxes of Worksheets clarifying the used method. Provide detailed information in the NIR.

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Manure Management (1) SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (3)

UNFCCC -NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Tier 2 Methods

Remarks

4B. CH4 Emissions from Manure management



-The software is prepared for the method Tier 1. The application of the method Tier 2 require the modification of the worksheets Tier 1: If the number of animals by livestock type (three years average) and climate region is available there are not difficulties to estimate emission using the software. -Simplified approach that only requires livestock population data by animal species/category and climate region. -Default EF from the IPCC Guidelines are used. Notes: -It should be used only as last option. Good practice is to use the Tier 2 approach.


Manure Management (2)SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (4)

UNFCCC -NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Tier 2 Methods

Remarks

4B. CH4 Emissions from Manure management



Tier 2: - A detailed method and is encouraged to be used for countries where a particular livestock specie/category represent a significant share of emissions. -Requires detailed information on animal characteristics and the manner in which manure is managed. Country-specific EF are developed using this information. Notes: -Animal population data should be from the detailed livestock characterization. -Some large countries have livestock in different climate regions. Different MCF values are given by the IPCC GPG for three climate regions (cool, temperate, warm). Suggestion: If that approach is used in substitution of the Tier1 method, then: 1) Modify the Worksheets using more disaggregated livestock categories. A bigger breakdown is usually required especially for the bovine livestock in categories by sex and age. For this should be added the necessary lines to the worksheets, maintaining the calculation procedures and their links with the sectoral summary tables. 2) Makes the calculations of EF outside of software; 3) Add note in the documentation boxes of Worksheets clarifying the used method. Provide detailed information in the NIR.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.1: CH4 from Enteric Fermentation and Manure

Management in Domestic Livestock (I)

Country A: Year: 2000.

Data The National Statistics Office provided data from domestic

livestock population in the country for the year 2000 (three years average centered in 2000) .

Determine the CH4 emissions from the enteric fermentation and manure management using the CMNUCC-NAI software.

Verify in the Table of Sectoral Report and the Summary Table of the Inventory the report of the results obtained

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Management in Domestic Livestock (II)

COUNTRY A: YEAR 2000. LIVESTOCK POPULATION AND EMISSION FACTORS

LIVESTOCK Number of animals

EF Enteric Fermentation

(kg/head/yr)

EF Manure Management

(kg/head/yr)

Dairy cattle 560000 36 1

Non-dairy cattle

200000 32 1

Sheep 6850000 5 0,21

Goats 1400000 5 0,22

Camels 231000 46 2,56

Horses 100000 18 2,18

Poultry 20 000000 0,023

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Management in Domestic Livestock (III)

RESULTS

CH4 emissions from Enteric Fermentation 80,24 Gg CH4

CH4 Emissions from Manure Management 3,78 Gg CH4

Total CH4 emissions from Domestic Livestock 84,01 Gg CH4

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CH4 EMISSIONS FROM ENTERIC FERMENTATION AND MANUERE

MANAGEMENT

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CH4 EMISSIONS FROM ENTERIC FERMENTATION AND MANUERE

MANAGEMENT IN THE SECTORAL REPORT TABLE

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CH4 EMISSIONS FROM ENTERIC FERMENTATION AND MANUERE MANAGEMENT IN THE SUMMARY

REPORT TABLE

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CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK IN THE SHORT SUMMARY

REPORT TABLE

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREN2O Emissions from Domestic Livestock. Manure Management (1)


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4B. N2O Emissions from Manure management


-N2O emissions produced during the storage and treatment of manure (dung and urine) before it is applied to land - The emissions depend on the nitrogen and carbon content of manure and on the duration of the storage and type of treatment. - The N2O emissions are obtained multiplying the total amount of Nexcretion (from all animal species/categories) in each type of manure management system by an EF for that type of manure management system. There are two options for the method: Option 1- Using the number of animals in each animal waste management system (AWMS) in the country and default values for the Nexcretion [Nex(t)] of each type of animals and the fraction of [Nex(t)] that is managed in each of the AWMS). If the number of animals by livestock type and AWMS is available there are not difficulties to estimate emission using the software. Default data for Nex (T) and the fraction managed are provided in the IPCC Guidelines.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREN2O Emissions from Domestic Livestock. Manure Management (2)

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (6) (cont) UNFCCC -

NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4B. N2O Emissions from Manure management


N2O emissions produced during the storage and treatment of manure (dung and urine) before it is applied to land Option 2- In dependence of data availability the method can be applied with more detail level. The most accurate estimate will be obtained using country-specific EF that has been fully documented in peer reviewed publications. Notes: 1- Nitrogen excretion Nex (T) from all AWMS is estimated here. However N2O emissions from daily spread and pasture range and paddock are reported under Agricultural Soils (Section 4.6). 2- If the dung is used as fuel, emissions should be reported under fuel combustion in the Energy Sector. 3-If the dung is burned without energy recovery; emissions should be reported under waste incineration in the Waste Sector. 4-The emissions that arise from the application of the manure to soil (after storage or treatment) are to be reported under agricultural soils.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTURECH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (1)


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4C. CH4 Emissions from Flooded Rice Fields

4-2s1 -The IPCC Guidelines outline one method that uses annual harvested areas and area-based seasonally integrated EF. There are two options for the method Option1: Simple form. Using national AD (national total area harvested by water management regime) and a single EF. -If the national total area harvested by water management regime is available there are not difficulties to estimate emission using the software. Default values are provided for EF and other data. When applying this option keeps in mind that: - In the Workbook (and the Software) the Organic Amendment is not included into the Seasonally Integrated EF. It is used as term (column in the worksheet) separate. In the GPG it was incorporate to the Adjusted seasonally Integrated Emission Factor as SFo (scaling factor for organic amendments. -Also in the GPG were extended the default values to consider the amount of organic amendments apply as dry matter.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTURECH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (2)


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4C. CH4 Emissions from Flooded Rice Fields

4-2s1 Option 2: Most disaggregated. Takes into account the conditions under which rice is grown (e.g. water management practices, organic fertilizer use, soil type) that can affect seasonal CH4 emissions. - Require disaggregated national total harvested area into sub-units (e.g. harvested areas under different water management regimes. -The different conditions that should be considered include rice ecosystem type, water management regime, type and amount of organic amendments, and soil type (up no now the soil factor has not been taken into account in the IPCC Guidelines). Notes: -Inventory Agencies are encouraged to implement the IPCC method at the most disaggregated level possible. Suggestion: If the option 2 is used in substitution of the option 1, then: 1) Makes the calculations outside of software; 2) Incorporates the results manually in the Sectoral Table and the Tables of Summary of the Inventory, 3) Add note in the documentation box of the Table 4-2s1 clarifying the used method and results obtained. Provide detailed information in the NIR

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.2: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (I)

Country A: Year: 2000. Worksheet 4-2s1Data According with the data submitted by the Ministry of Agriculture in the country

during the year, were cultivated 400 000 ha of intermittently flooded paddy fields (single aeration) and 50 000 ha of upland rice. Was used non – fermented organic amendments. Actual data on soil types subject to composting is not available.

Cultivated area

(ha)

Cropping seasons

Water management

regime

Amount of organic

amendment applied as dry

matter

(t/ha)

400 000 2 Intermittently flooded (single

aeration)

6

50 000 1 Upland rice 3

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.2: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (II)

EFc

Default seasonally

integrated EF for

continuously flooded fields

without organic amendments

(g/m2 season)

SFw

Scaling factor to account for the differences in

ecosystems and water

management regime

SFo

Scaling factor to account the

application of organic

amendments

SFs

Scaling factor for soil type

20 0,5

(for intermittently flooded – single

aeration)

2,5 Data are not available

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.2: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (III)

Tasks

Using the UNFCCC -NAI Software:

1. Calculates CH4 emissions.

2. Verifies the emissions report in the Sectoral and Summary Tables.

3. Fills the Table 8A (Overview Table) for the self evaluation of quality and completeness.

4. Print the used worksheet, the Sectoral Summary Table and the Overview Table (8A).

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.2: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (IV)

Steps

1. Open the software and select in the Agriculture sector the worksheet 4-2s1 CH4 Emissions from Flooded Rice Fields.

2. Enter in column A the harvested area by water management regime (in 1000 ha). The harvested area is given by the cultivated area times the number of cropping seasons. Area cultivated under upland (or dry conditions) is excluded from calculations.

3. Enter the scaling factor for CH4 emissions in column B. Default value = 0,5 (relative to EF for continuously flooded fields).

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.2: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (V)

Steps

4. Enter a correction factor (scaling factor) for organic amendment in column C = 2,5

5. Enter in D the Seasonally Integrated CH4 EF for continuously flooded rice without organic amendment = 20g/m2.

6. In column E the software calculates CH4 emissions (Gg).

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SECTOR: AGRICULTURE Exercise 4.2: CH4 Emissions from Rice Cultivation (VI)

RESULTS

CH4 emissions from rice cultivation 200 Gg CH4

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CH4 EMISSIONS FROM RICE CULTIVATION

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CH4 EMISSIONS FROM RICE CULTIVATION IN THE SECTORAL TABLE FOR AGRICULTURE

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CH4 EMISSIONS FROMN RICE CULTIVATION IN THE SUMMARY REPORT TABLE

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREPrescribed Burning of Savannas


NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4E. Prescribed Burning of Savannas

4-3s1 to 4-3s3 -The burning of savannas results in instantaneous emissions of CO2. However as the vegetation regenerates between burning cycle the CO2 is reabsorbed during the next growth period. For this reason, net CO2 emissions are assumed to be zero. Savanna burning also releases other trace gases. -The non-CO2 trace gas emissions are estimated through a series of simple calculations (based on a set of important data rather a specific EF). -Area burned, biomass density, fraction actually burned, fraction of living biomass, carbon fraction of living and dead biomass, combustion efficiency. -At present ‘good practice’ for this source category is the application of the IPCC Guidelines following the suggested approach in the decision tree.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (9a) UNFCCC -

NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks


4-3s1 to 4-3s3 There are two options for the method Option1: Simple form. Using mostly default values. Option 2: Using country-specific activity data and factors (better option). If the area burned is available there are not difficulties to estimate emission using the software with both options. Default values are provided for EF and other data. Notes: 1- If data are available, savanna burned should be subdivided into relevant subcategories reflecting different conditions and characteristics into the country. 2- It is desirable to develop the seasonal-dependent AD and EF in various savanna ecosystems in each country if data are available. 3- In the IPCC GPG is described as appendix some details of a possible procedure near to the previous one but introducing the calculation of EF and combustion efficiency. This procedure is not yet considered as good practice.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (9b) UNFCCC -

NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks


4-3s1 to 4-3s3 Notes: (continuation) 4- If another method is applied (emission factors, results of measurements etc.) makes the calculations outside the software and incorporate the results, manually, in the table of sectoral report and the summary tables of the inventory. Add note to the worksheet clarifying the method, data and factors used. Provide complementary information in the NIR.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREField Burning of Agricultural Residues

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE (10)

UNFCCC -NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4F Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

4-4s1 to 4-4s3

-The burning of agricultural residues is not considered a net source of carbon dioxide because the carbon released to the atmosphere is reabsorbed during the next growing season. -This burning is a source of net emissions of many trace gases including CH4, CO2, N2O and NOx. -The non-CO2 trace gas emissions are estimated through a series of simple calculations (based on a set of important data rather a specific EF). -Residue to crop ratio, dry matter content, carbon fraction, Nitrogen-carbon ratio -At present ‘good practice’ for this source category is the application of the IPCC Guidelines following the suggested approach in the decision tree.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREField Burning of Agricultural Residues


UNFCCC -NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4F Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

4-4s1 to 4-4s3

There are two options for the method Option1: Simple form. Using mostly default values Option 2: Using country-specific activity data and factors (better option) If the AD are available there are not difficulties to estimate emission using the software with both options. Default values are provided for most of factors. The largest degree of uncertainty is related with the fraction of agricultural residues burned in the field (default 10% for developing countries). Notes: 1- Some agricultural residues are removed from the fields and burned as a source of energy. Non-CO2 emissions from this type of burning should be reported in the Energy Sector. 2- In the IPCC GPG is described as appendix some details of a possible procedure near to the previous one but introducing the calculation of EF and combustion efficiency. This procedure is not yet considered as good practice.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.3: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (I)

Country A: Year: 2000. Worksheet 4-2s1Data The Ministry of Agriculture provided information's of annual

production and other data related for locally important crops. It also specified the crops whose residues are burn in the field (maize, soybeans and rice). Data on actual values for the rate of oxidation are not available.

Crop Annual

Production

1000 ton

Residue to crop

ratio

Proportion burnt in fields

Dry matter

fraction

Carbon fraction

Nitrogen-Carbon

ratio

Maize 450 1 0,10 0,4 0,4709 0,02

Soybeans 350 2,1 0,07 0,87 0,45 0,05

Rice 2000 1,4 0,08 0,85 0,4144 0,014

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.3: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (II)

Tasks Using the UNFCCC -NAI Software:1. Calculates Non-CO2 emissions.2. Verifies the emissions report in the Sectoral and Summary

Tables.3. Fills the Table 8A (Overview Table) for the self evaluation of

quality and completeness. 4. Print the used worksheet, the Sectoral Summary Table and the

Overview Table (8A).

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.3: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (III)

Steps

1. Open the software and select in the Agriculture sector the worksheet 4-4 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues.

2. For each type of crop enter annual production in Gg in column A.

3. Enter residue to crop ratio for each crop type in column B.

4. The software obtain the quantity of residue in C.

5. Enter dry matter fraction for each crop type in D.

6. The software obtain the quantity of dry residue in E.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.3: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (IV)

Steps

7. Enter the fraction burned in fields for each crop type in column F.

8. Enter in G the fraction oxidised for each crop (default value 0,90).

9. The software obtain the total biomass burned in column H.

10. Enter the carbon fraction for each residue in column I. The software obtain the total carbon released in column J.

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4.3: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (V)

Steps

11. Enter Nitrogen-Carbon ratio in for each crop in column k. The software obtain the total nitrogen released in column L.

12. Enter emission ratios in column M (CH4=0,005; CO=0,06, N2O=0,007, NOx=0,121).

13. The software makes the rest of calculations to obtain the emissions of non-CO2 gases

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise 4. 3: Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (V)

RESULTS

Emissions from field burning of agricultural residues

CH4 0,65 Gg

CO 13,55 Gg

N2O 0,02 Gg

NOx 0,82 Gg

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BIOMASS BURNED

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CARBON AND NITROGEN RELEASED

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EMISSIONS FROM FIEL BURNING OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

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NON CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FIELD BURNING OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES IN THE SECTORAL REPORT TABLE FOR

AGRICULTURE

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NON CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FIELD BURNING OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES IN THE SUMMARY REPORT TABLE

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREAgricultural Soils


UNFCCC –NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4D.Agricultural Soils

4-5s1 to 5-5s5 4-5A (Supplemental) 4-5B (Supplemental)

- A number of agricultural activities add nitrogen to soils, increasing the amount of N available for nitrification and denitrification, and ultimately the amount of N2O emitted. The calculations include: 1-Direct emissions from agricultural soils (excluding N-inputs from animals on pasture range and paddock). 2-Direct soil emissions from animal production (from unmanaged animal production). 3-Indirect emission of N2O from nitrogen used in agriculture

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SECTOR: AGRICULTUREAgricultural Soils


UNFCCC –NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

4D.Agricultural Soils

4-5s1 to 5-5s5 4-5A (Supplemental) 4-5B (Supplemental)

There are two options for the method Tier 1a: Equations provided in the IPCC Guidelines. The calculations can be performed in 9 steps in Worksheet 4-5. Tier 1b: Equations provided in the IPCC GPG (represent increased precision due the expansion of the terms). When applying this methods keeps in mind that: 1- The method Tier 1b is the favorite although it needs bigger quantity of data. 2- For several of the equations in the IPCC Guidelines were introduced modifications in the GPG that provide better estimates. Also in the GPG were improved definitions of some terms and were provided updated default values for some of the used EF. Suggestion: 1) Makes the calculations outside of software using the Tier 1b method; 2) Incorporates the results manually in the Sectoral Table and the Tables of Summary of the Inventory, 3) Add note in the documentation box of the Tables 4-5s clarifying the used method and results obtained. Provide detailed information in the NIR

47 6D.47

SECTOR: AGRICULTUREExercise for self evaluation 1: GHG Emissions from

Prescribed Burning of Savannas (I)

Country A: Year: 2000.

Data The Ministry of Agriculture provided information on annual prescribed

burning of savannas (area burned and other data related). Determine GHG emissions using the CMNUCC–NAI Software. Verifies the emissions report in the Sectoral and Summary Tables.

48 6D.48


Prescribed Burning of Savannas (II)

COUNTRY A: YEAR 2000. PRESCRIBED BURNING OF SAVANNAS

Area burned 800 kha

Fraction of total savanna burned annually 0,7

Aboveground biomass density 8,0 t dm/ha

Fraction of biomass actually burned 0,7

Fraction of aboveground biomass that is living 0,55

Living fraction - fraction oxidised 0,80

Living fraction - carbon fraction 0,45

Dead fraction - fraction oxidised 1,0

Dead fraction - carbon fraction 0,40

Nitrogen – Carbon ratio 0,006

Emission ratio CH4 0,004

Emission ratio CO 0,06

Emission ratio N2O 0,007

Emission ratio NOx 0,121

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Prescribed Burning of Savannas (III)

RESULTS

GAS EMISSION (Gg)

CH4 9,03

CO 237,08

N2O 0,11

NOx 4,04

6B.50

Thank you

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UNFCCC - NAI SOFTWARE Sector: Agriculture Practical Aspects and Exercises

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