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UNFCCC Workshop on Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation in Developing Countries
UNFCCC Workshop on Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation in Developing Countries
Definitional Issues
Wulf Killmann, FAO
Definitional Issues
Wulf Killmann, FAO
General AspectsGeneral Aspects
•Core Terms
– Forest
– Deforestation
– Forest Degradation
•Supporting Terms
•Core Terms
– Forest
– Deforestation
– Forest Degradation
•Supporting Terms
GHG emissions from forests
GHG emissions from forests
• Natural processes & calamities
• Conversion to cropland, grasslands, wetlands, settlements
• Conversion to planted forest
• Sustainable Management and use of forests
• Unsustainable use of forests
• Natural processes & calamities
• Conversion to cropland, grasslands, wetlands, settlements
• Conversion to planted forest
• Sustainable Management and use of forests
• Unsustainable use of forests
Forest Change ProcessesForest Change Processes
ForestForest
• MA and FRA compared
• Land use or land cover
• Different thresholds
• Choice of thresholds up to countries
• Criteria: historical reporting
• Importance of national definitions
• MA and FRA compared
• Land use or land cover
• Different thresholds
• Choice of thresholds up to countries
• Criteria: historical reporting
• Importance of national definitions
ForestForest
Issues & Choices
• Single definition
• Fragmented forests, forest fallow
• Strip width
Issues & Choices
• Single definition
• Fragmented forests, forest fallow
• Strip width
DeforestationDeforestation
• Forest losses/gains can have human and natural causes
• Conversion forest to non-forest
• Temporarily unstocked areas do not count as deforested
• Forest losses/gains can have human and natural causes
• Conversion forest to non-forest
• Temporarily unstocked areas do not count as deforested
DeforestationDeforestation
Issues & Choices
• MA includes agro -& urban forestry
• Deforestation or net loss of forest ?
• Avoided deforestation
Issues & Choices
• MA includes agro -& urban forestry
• Deforestation or net loss of forest ?
• Avoided deforestation
Forest DegradationForest Degradation
• Decreases forest’s capacity to fulfill its functions
• Happens within forest
• Human and/or natural causes
• Short-term assessment difficult
• Not every carbon stock reduction =
forest degradation
• Canopy cover no good proxy
• Decreases forest’s capacity to fulfill its functions
• Happens within forest
• Human and/or natural causes
• Short-term assessment difficult
• Not every carbon stock reduction =
forest degradation
• Canopy cover no good proxy
Forest degradation and supporting terms
Forest degradation and supporting terms
T3
FRA Improvement
Restoration
Rehabilitation
Fragmentation: possible component of structural
degradation
FRA Degradation
T3
FRA Improvement
Restoration
Rehabilitation
Fragmentation: possible component of structural
degradation
FRA Degradation
Forest DegradationForest Degradation
Issues & Choices
• How address fragmentation
• Spatial scale
• Quantitative thresholds
• Direct and/or indirect human impact
• Carbon stock reduction or forest degradation
Issues & Choices
• How address fragmentation
• Spatial scale
• Quantitative thresholds
• Direct and/or indirect human impact
• Carbon stock reduction or forest degradation
ConclusionsConclusions• Definitions should be clear &
unambiguous
• Existing definitions preferable
• Parameters should be measurable during assessments
• Distinction needed between – deforestation & net loss of forests – deforestation & forest degradation– carbon stock reduction & forest degradation
• Definitions should be clear & unambiguous
• Existing definitions preferable
• Parameters should be measurable during assessments
• Distinction needed between – deforestation & net loss of forests – deforestation & forest degradation– carbon stock reduction & forest degradation
Parties to decide• which processes to cover
• on terms & definitions
• which forest definition to apply
Parties to decide• which processes to cover
• on terms & definitions
• which forest definition to apply
ConclusionsConclusions
Thank You Thank You