Unit 1 Business Unit 1 Business KaleidoscopeKaleidoscope

Language Focus

Grammar Focus

Session 2

Translation

1 Match the words from the text with corresponding definitions1 Match the words from the text with corresponding definitions

(1) service(1) service

(2) customers(2) customers(3) an enterprise(3) an enterprise

(4) Consumers(4) Consumers

(5) an organization(5) an organization(6) goods(6) goods

a the people who actually use the products a the people who actually use the products of businessof business

b a group of people with a shared purposeb a group of people with a shared purposec the people or businesses who buy the c the people or businesses who buy the

goods and servicesgoods and servicesd tangible items that you can see and d tangible items that you can see and

touch, such as food, clothing and bookstouch, such as food, clothing and bookse business company or firme business company or firmf useful activities people do for you, such f useful activities people do for you, such

as haircuts, car repairs and legal adviceas haircuts, car repairs and legal advice

Keys: (1) f (2) c (3) e (4) a (5) b (6) d

22 The nouns in the table are from the text. Write outThe nouns in the table are from the text. Write out their verb forms. their verb forms.

NOUNS VERBS

organization

sale

decision

manufacturer

production / product

minimization

farmer

construction

transportation

consumer

manufactureproduce

construct

consumetransport

farm

minimize

decide

sellorganize

3 Work in pairs. Replace the words in italics with the3 Work in pairs. Replace the words in italics with the words used in the text. words used in the text.

(1) Nowadays we (1) Nowadays we relyrely heavily heavily onon (a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) (a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) organized business activity.organized business activity.

(2) we (2) we take part intake part in (a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) business (a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) business activities every time we buy goods and services.activities every time we buy goods and services. . .

(3) The subject of business may sound (3) The subject of business may sound difficult to understand difficult to understand (c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ).(c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ). o m p l i c a t e d

r e e n g a g e d i n

r e d e p e n d e n t o n

3 Work in pairs. Replace the words in italics with the3 Work in pairs. Replace the words in italics with the words used in the text. words used in the text.

(4) (4) In factIn fact (I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ), the issue is (I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ), the issue is notnot clear clear at all at all (b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ). (b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ).

(5) A retail business might buy products from a wholesaler (5) A retail business might buy products from a wholesaler which in turn which in turn getsgets (a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) them from a (a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) them from a manufacturer.manufacturer.

(6) They will carefully control their (6) They will carefully control their money spentmoney spent (e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ).(e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ).

n r e a l i t y

x p e n d I t u r e

c q u I r e s

y n o m e a n s

4 Complete the passage using words from Vocabulary4 Complete the passage using words from Vocabulary 1 and 2 in the correct form. 1 and 2 in the correct form.

One of the main reasons businesses are set up is to One of the main reasons businesses are set up is to

1__________ and sell goods and services. This is fine for the 1__________ and sell goods and services. This is fine for the

2__________ and 3___________ who want those 2__________ and 3___________ who want those

4___________ and 5_________, or products.4___________ and 5_________, or products.There are many There are many

types of businesses. Manufacturers produce 6________ from rtypes of businesses. Manufacturers produce 6________ from r

aw materials or component parts. Retailers act as middle-men aw materials or component parts. Retailers act as middle-men

in 7________ goods produced by 8_____________ to consumin 7________ goods produced by 8_____________ to consum

ers.ers. ..

produce

consumerscustomers

goods services

products

selling manufacturers

Grammar Focus: Grammar Focus: Present SimplePresent Simple

Analysis

Practice

Present Simple Present Simple

Usages USE 1: Repeated Actions USE 2: Facts or Generalizations USE 3: Scheduled Events in the Near Future USE 4: Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

Comparison Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

1)1) USE 1: Repeated ActionsUSE 1: Repeated Actions Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action

is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.or usually does not do.

Examples:Examples:I play tennis.I play tennis. Jimmy works very hard.Jimmy works very hard.He travels a lot.He travels a lot.When does the train usually When does the train usually leaveleave?? She always forgets her purse.She always forgets her purse.

2)2) USE 2: Facts or GeneralizationsUSE 2: Facts or Generalizations The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker

believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.generalizations about people or things.

Examples:Examples:Cats like milk. Cats like milk. California is in America. California is in America. Windows are made of glass. Windows are made of glass. Windows are not made of wood. Windows are not made of wood. New York is a large city.New York is a large city.

3)3) Scheduled Events in the Near FutureScheduled Events in the Near Future Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk

about scheduled events in the near future. This is about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.scheduled events as well.

Examples:Examples:The bus does not arrive at 11 am, it arrives at 11 The bus does not arrive at 11 am, it arrives at 11 pm. pm. When do we board the plane? When do we board the plane? The party starts at 8 o'clock. The party starts at 8 o'clock. When does class begin tomorrow?When does class begin tomorrow?

4) USE 4: Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)4) USE 4: Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express

the idea that an action is happening or is not happening the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous VerbsNon-Continuous Verbs and certain and certain Mixed VerbsMixed Verbs..

Examples:Examples:I am here now. I am here now. She is not here now. She is not here now. He needs help right now. He needs help right now. He has his passport in his hand. He has his passport in his hand.

Do you have your passport with you?Do you have your passport with you?

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous (1)(1) we use the present simple to talk about permanent or long-we use the present simple to talk about permanent or long- term situations in our lives. We don't feel these situations term situations in our lives. We don't feel these situations will change very soon. On the other hand, we use the will change very soon. On the other hand, we use the present continuous to talk about temporary situations. We present continuous to talk about temporary situations. We know that these situations will end soon.know that these situations will end soon. For example: For example: I I workwork as a teacher as a teacher (present simple)(present simple) He He studiesstudies Engineering Engineering (present simple)(present simple) vs. vs. I I am workingam working in a bar for the summer in a bar for the summer (present continuous)(present continuous) She She is studyingis studying French this term French this term (present continuous)(present continuous)

(2) we use the present continuous to talk about a temporary(2) we use the present continuous to talk about a temporary action which is happening now. It's often when we tell action which is happening now. It's often when we tell someone what we are doing at the moment we are someone what we are doing at the moment we are speaking. In contrast, we use the present simple to talk speaking. In contrast, we use the present simple to talk about what usually happens, or what we usually do. This about what usually happens, or what we usually do. This describes our habits or daily routine. describes our habits or daily routine. For example:For example: I I eateat toast for breakfast every day toast for breakfast every day (present simple)(present simple) He often He often goesgoes to the cinema to the cinema (present simple)(present simple) vs. vs. I I am eatingam eating toast now toast now (present continuous)(present continuous) HeHe''ss goinggoing to the cinema now to the cinema now (present continuous)(present continuous)

(3) we use the present simple and the present continuous (3) we use the present simple and the present continuous to talk about the future. We use the present simple to to talk about the future. We use the present simple to talk about future timetables (for trains or planes for talk about future timetables (for trains or planes for example, or for classes or the cinema or theatre). On example, or for classes or the cinema or theatre). On the other hand, we use the present continuous to the other hand, we use the present continuous to describe definite future arrangements. A definite describe definite future arrangements. A definite arrangement is when we are 90% sure it will happen.arrangement is when we are 90% sure it will happen.

For example:For example: The train leaves at 8pm tomorrow (present simple) My Chinese class finishes at 3pm (present simple) vs. I'm meeting my friends later (present continuous) She's working tomorrow (present continuous)

PRACTICE PRACTICE 1. Which sentence below refers to

1 a permanent state or situation?2 an action that happens regularly, repeatedly or all the time?3 a future event based on a timetable?4 a timeless truth?

a We hear about business every day on television and radio. b Business is an important part of our society.c Services are things that people do for you.d We tend to relate “business” to the profit making activity of

private enterprises.e I have an important business to do tomorrow.

(1) c, d (2) a (3) e (4) bkeys

PRACTICE PRACTICE 2. Fill in the passage below, using the verbs in brackets in their correct forms.

A Day in the Life…

Mr. Robert Stanway usually_________ (get up) very early - at about 6 o’clock. He_______(have) breakfast with his wife, and then________ (leave) for work at 7:15. He_____ (go) to work by train, and _______ (get) to the office just before nine.“When I______ (arrive) at the office, I always ______ (check) my email. I______ (get) a lot of messages from our overseas offices. Then I usually_______ (have) a meeting with my team from 11 to 12 o’clock.” says Mr. Robert Stanway.

gets uphas

check

leaves

goes gets

arriveget

have

Mr. Stanway_____ (have) lunch in the office cafeteria at 12. The food ______ (be not) very good, but it’s cheap. After lunch he sometimes______ (meet) clients, or ______ (write) reports.

He usually________ (finish) work at about 6 o’clock and ______ (get) home about an hour later, and_______ (have) dinner with his family.

In the evening, Mr. Robert Stanway______ (help) his children with their homework, and ________ (watch) television with his wife.

PRACTICPRACTICE E

Is not

has

meets writes

finishes

gets

hashelps

watches

TranslationTranslationTranslate the following sentences into English.

2 这家公司主要从事汽车销售。

1 商务是指生产、购买和销售商品及服务的活动。 refer to

be engaged in

Business refers to the activities of producing, purchasing and selling goods and services.

This company is mainly engaged in car selling.

3 所有企业都只对盈利感兴趣吗？ Are all businesses only interested in making a profit?

Make a profit

The main business of this department is concerned with after-sale services.

4 他们的产品不能有效满足消费者的需求。

5 这个部门的主要业务与售后服务有关。

meet the needs of …

be concerned with…

Their products can not meet the needs of consumers efficiently.