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Vocabulary I Culture: People’s unique way of life Paleolithic Age: Stone Age, use of tools Neolithic Age: Age of farming and domestication of
animals Technology: Ways of applying knowledge, tools to
meet a person’s needs Homo Sapiens: Modern Humans Archeologists: Learn about people by excavating and
studying early settlements Artifacts: Remains such as tools, jewelry, and other
human made objects. (Clues to the past) Anthropologists: Study of Culture, or people’s unique
way of life Paleontologists: Study fossils and determine the age
of the fossil rock
Early Footprints Found
1970’s Tanzania (East Africa)
Mary Leaky Finds Foot Prints
Found a Hominid (Early Human) footprints over 3 million years old in East Africa
Dawn of Modern Humans
Homo Sapiens Developed between 200,000 and 40,000 years ago
Neanderthals’ Way of Life Remains discovered in Europe and Southeast
Asia Developed Religious Beliefs and Preformed
Rituals Disappeared about 30,000 years ago
Vocabulary II Nomad: Mobile people without permanent
settlements Hunter-Gatherer: People who constantly hunt
and gather for food/survival Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution):
The shift from hunting-gathering to FARMING/DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS
Slash-and-Burn Farming: Cut and burn method of farming. Returns nutrients to the soil.
Domestication: Taming or training of animals for human use.
Before: Humans Tried to Control Nature!
Nomads: Wonder from place to place in search of food and they never make permanent settlements
These people are called Hunter-Gathers
Followed the herds, seasons, etc.
Civilizations did not develop. Why?
Domestication of Animals Define: Domestic
What is a “Domestic Cars vs. Imported Cars”
Humans drove animals into man-made structures (Fences)
Herded animals to serve as food and labor sources!
The Neolithic Revolution
Define: Neolithic Revolution
Causes of the Agricultural Revolution As climates warmed, grasses and grains had
longer growing season
Farming provided a steady food supply, allowing people to stay in one area
Slash and Burn farming allowed humans to clear large areas of land for farming
Vocabulary III Civilization: Complex culture with 5 characteristics: (1) advanced cities, (2)
specialized workers, (3) complex institutions, (4) record keeping, (5) Advanced tech.
Specialization: Development of “specific skills”
Artisan: Skilled craftsmen
Institutions: An established organization or foundation, especially one dedicated to education, public service or culture (Government, Religion, Economy, Schools)
Scribe: Professional writers
Cuneiform: “Wedge Shaped Writing”
Bronze Age: Time period when Bronze was primarily used for tools
Barter: Trade of goods without money
Ziggurat: Pyramid-shaped religious temple. (Layered)
Villages Grow and Prosper
Farming Develops in Many Places!!! What was needed for farming??
Humans developed agriculture independently in Africa, China, and South America
The discovery of agriculture and the domestication of animals allowed the creation of villages
Birth of Civilizations
The Eve of Civilizations
Bronze Age: People used Bronze to make tools and weapons
Villages grow into cities and force changes in society
Economic Changes!! Surplus of food allows for specialized workers Specialization: Allowed people to make important
advances in technology (Wheel and Sail) Social Changes
People needed to work together Religion becomes more organized
What is Civilization
5 Features of CivilizationMUST REMEMBER!
1. Advanced Cities
2. Specialized Workers (artisans)
3. Complex Institutions (Government)
4. Record Keeping (Writing/Language, Scribes)
5. Advanced Technology
5 Characteristics of Civilizations
Specialized Workers
Record Keeping
Advanced Technology
Advanced Cities
Complexed Institutions
The City of Ur
Economy Depended on goods from outlying farmers and
merchants for trade Why do people trade? Used a Barter System
Money is not used to buy goods (Canal Street, NYC)
Religion Center of city life was based around a
Ziggurat, a massive temple