1. Evidences of early settlements in Malaysia:

i. Niah caves burial site

ii. Perak Man

iii. Artefacts of Hindu civilisation in Malaysia

iv. Candi in Merbok Valley

*Web References1. ‘Perak Man’s bones tell his story”,http://allmalaysia.info/news/story.asp?file=/2003/

10/4/state/6340195&sec=mi_perak (Accessed 13 May 2009)

2. ‘Perak Man’,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenggong#Perak_Man (Accessed 13 May 2009)

Refer to pg. 3 of textbook – Ancient Periods and Early

Inhabited Areas in Malaysia. Table 1.1

Activity 1.1

Why do you think early civilisations centred on seashores or river mouths? Which were the ancient ports in Malaysia?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

Answer

Early 1st century, powerful kingdoms existed in the Malay Archipelago.

Refer to Table 1.2 of textbook

What is an Archipelago?

one Malay language and culture

similarities in languages in Malaysia, Indonesia,Kampuchea,Patani and

South of Mindanao.

With colonisation Malay Archipelago fragmented

Colonisers Parts of M.A.

English Peninsular Malaysia,Part of the Borneo Island

Dutch Indonesia

French Indochina

Spanish The Phillippines

o an empire of advanced civilisation

o founded by Parameswara in 1403 A.D.

o grew to a great empire in the M.A.

o renowned for maritime trade and spread of Islam

o famed trading traditions – “fairness”

o Tome Pires wrote +vely of its dev. And influence

o Admiral Cheng Ho- good observation of it.

based on Malacca Law (ML) and Malacca Law of the Sea (MLOS)

Sultan (king)

Bendahara Laksamana Temenggung Penghulu Bendahari

Do you know the roles of these officials ?

What are the similarities and differences between the system of administration of Malacca and the current system of administration in Malaysia?

What are the factors that contributed to the rise and fall of the empire of Malacca ?

(pages 6 to 8 of text)

What are the lessons to be learnt here?

Web Reference

http://www.melaka.net/history2.htm

Table 1.3 – list of powers that have colonised Malaysia due to

our nation’s natural resources- tin , spices, Industrial Rev.

Table 1.5 – Summary of British intervention in the Malay states,

Sabah and Sarawak .

Table 1.4 – Chronology of British colonisation in our nation.

1. Can do trace the domination of the British in our country?

2. What do you think are the effects of British colonisation in

Malaysia?

Refer to textbook, page 10 (Table 1.4)

1. The Straits Settlement

2. Federated Malay States

3. Non-Federated Malay States

4. 1910 and 1920 = years of peace

5. 1930s = decentralisation of powers= dissatisfaction

6. Why distribution of power unsuccessful? –WW2 Japanese invaded

Malaya in 1942. (Pg 17 of text)

7. Japanese occupation = important event in our history

8. Japanese Admin support Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

Video Clip-Invasion of Japan

1. Have you heard from the older generation about their experiences

during Jap Occ ?

2. What do you think was the general feeling towards the Japs?

3. Do you think such sentiments still prevail?

local populace agitate for more powers for own affairs

agitation for bigger roles in governance

emergence of Communist Party of Malaya (CPM)

declaration of Emergency by British High Commisioner-16 June

1948.

Era of Emergency (refer to text)- how it expedited independence

* Try exercises at end of Chap 1.

Malay Kingdom of Malacca influenced social, cultural and political systems of

country.

Invasion of colonialists – Malay Archipelago divided into 2 :- British control

north (Malaysia) Dutch –south (Indonesia)

Influence of colonialists over country

Various forms of British admin introduced= attempt to take over economy of country

Japs occ = uncertainty, chaos

After independence – a period of emergency + locals rejected communism.

These experiences formed basis of building our nation.

1. List 5 Early Kingdoms of the Malay Archipelago

2. What are the internal factors that led to the decline of the Malacca Empire?

3. What is the significance of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1824?

4. Beginning 1919, the states in Malaya were under 3 political units known as:

a._____________________________

b._____________________________

c._____________________________

Answers

We celebrate Merdeka – 31st August

Who declared Merdeka ?

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/File:History_merdeka.jpg#filehistory

o 2 stages

Armed/bloodshed stage

Began with the struggle of the Malays against Dutch and Portuguese.

Opposition against British colonists.

Spirit of nationalism stage

Literature

Negotiations

Refer to Table 2.1-outline of people’s armed struggle against colonialists.

What are the factors that contributed to the local inhabitants to revolt against the colonialists?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ANSWER

Table 2.2 – various channel of influence and sources that

brought about this change.

Formation of Malayan Union (MU)-Read pg 30 to 33 of text.

MU dissolution – 1946

Video Clips-Taylor College Student

Discuss the factors that led to the failure of the MU ?

1.______________________________________________

2.______________________________________________

3.______________________________________________

4.______________________________________________

5.______________________________________________

ANSWER

VIDEO CLIP OF MU

MU was replaced by the Federation of Malaya (FOM)

FOM opposed by AMCJA and PUTERA

Points to ponder

Why do you think there was opposition from these groups?(Pg33-38)

Growth of political parties (Table 2.3)

Events B4 Proclamation of Independence (pg38 -42)

Try out questions at the end of chapter for understanding of SFI

Defeat of Japan and Germany at end of SWW/WW2-return of colonial master

Local populace question about their welfare

Post WW2 – independence-India & Burma (Britain), Indonesia (Dutch)

Vietnam (French)

Take note – Mahatma Ghandhi, Nehru,Chandra Bose, Ho Chi Minh,Sukarno

Struggle for independence – 2 stages-bloodshed and spirit of nationalism

MU-struggle and opposition to the proposal

FOM replaces MU

Political parties – communal stance

Victory of Alliance (UMNO,MCA and MIC)=negotiation with British for Independence

Reid Commission – draw constitution framework for Independence

Malaya declared independence on 31 Aug. 1957

1. Discuss how foreign influence fanned the spirit of nationalism among the locals.

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Answer

2. What were the four principles of PUTERA?

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Answer

3. What are the fundamental principals of our Constitution?

a.______________________________________________________

b.______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. _____________________________________________________

e. _____________________________________________________

Answer

END OF CHAPTER 2

Concept pioneered by Tunku Abdul Rahman (TAR)

Malaysia was inaugurated as a new nation -16 Sept. 1963

Factors that contributed to the FOM

Independence through

unification

Understanding for development

United international

relations

Ethnic balance and unity

Economic cooperation

Collective fight against

communism

1. Reaction from some neighbouring countries and Britain.

2. Reaction from people in Sabah and sarawak – most encouraging

3. Singapore – Accept generally

4. Brunei – unanimously agree

5. People of Malaya – mixed reaction

1. What was the reaction from Britain toward FOM ?

2. What was the reason for such reaction ?

3. For various reactions – refer to Table 3.1 in textbook

4. Pay attention to objectives of steps taken and the effects

5. Brunei’s withdrawal from Malaysia surprised many.

6. 3 fundamental reasons for Brunei to join Malaysia:

i. Speed up independence

ii. Strength of wall of defence against communist threat.

iii. Provision of help to less developed part.

7. What exactly caused Brunei’s withdrawal ? Claims???

What were Brunei’s claims that were conditions for joining Malaysia?

1.______________________________________________________

2.______________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________

6.______________________________________________________

7.______________________________________________________

8.______________________________________________________

9.______________________________________________________

10._____________________________________________________

* Table 3.2 – attempts to solve differences between Brunei and KLANSWER

Face external opposition –Philippines and Indonesia (pg 58-59)

Think about claims staked by Indonesia

Similar claims in recent years?

Malaysia officially formed in 1963-struggle

Separation of Singapore – Racial polarisation

9 Aug. 1965-Singapore left Malaysia with passing of Separation Act

Read pg 59 -60 –discord between Malay and Chinese extremists=racial polarisation

Point to ponder- What do you think our government does to avoid such situations in our multi-cultural society today?

1. Failed intervention of USA in Indochina

2. Domino Theory in Asia- spread of communism in developing Asia.

3. Emergence of socialist or communist regimes in Vietnam,Cambodia,Laos

and near dominance of Parti Komunis Indonesia (PKI)

4. The rest of Asia will fall like dominos-Lee Kuan Yew is a firm believer-used

ISA for “dismounting” the (communist) tiger!

5. President Macapagal used ISA to entrench his corrupt regime

6. FOM = defend against the spread of socialism or communism in SEA.

* Attempt the questions at the end of chapter.

1. Six years after independence Malaysia was declared a new nation -16 sept 1963

2. There were problems- i. formation of new nation

ii. The status of member countries

iii. Constitution

3. Opposition and resistance towards FOM – Indonesia and Phillipines.

4. Brunei pulled out last minute

5. Singapore withdrew.

6. Malaya + Sabah + Sarawak = Malaysia

1. “Freedom through Unification” was one of the factors for the FOM. What does “Freedom through Unification entail?

(ANSWER)

2. What caused Singapore to sever ties with Malaysia?

(ANSWER)

3. There were several attempts to resolve the differences between Brunei

and Kuala Lumpur. Despite these attempts, three matters remained unresolved.

These were;

a. _______________________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________________

c. _______________________________________________________

(ANSWER)

1. Malay Archipelago constitues socio-political entity of Malays

2. Kedah,Langkasuka,Srivijaya,Majapahit and Malacca were once supreme in MA

3. Malay Kingdom of Malacca influenced our country’s social,cultural and political

systems before colonialists.

4. Influence of Portuguese,Dutch,Siamese,British and Japanese left great impact.

5. British introduced various forms of administration to take over country while

Japanese Occ created chaos.

6. Struggle for independence = bloodshed + spirit of nationalism

7. MU – opposition- replaced by FOM

8. Political parties –communal position

9.Victoryof Alliance(UMNO,MCA,MIC)

10.Unity of citizen =negotiation of Independence

11. With constitution, Malaya declared Independence.

12. After independence = emergency = threat of communism

13. 6 years after independence = Malaysia formed

14. Brunei withdrew before Malaysia was declared a new nation on 16 Sept 1963

15. Singapore separated from Malaysia in 1965 as a result of racial polarisation.

Chapter 1

Andaya,B W and Leonard Y (1982), A History of Malaya, NY: St. Martin’s Press.

Asnarulkhadi Abu Samad and jayum A. Jawan (1997), Kenegaraan Malaysia,

Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia

Chapter 2

Andaya,B W and Leonard Y (1982), A History of Malaya, NY: St. Martin’s Press.

Jawan, J A (2006) Malaysian Politics and Government, Shah Alam: Karisma Publications.

Chapter 3

Hanna, Willard A (1964) The Formation of Malaysia, New York: American Universities Field Staff.

Mohamed Noordin Sopiee (1974) From Malayan Union to Singapore Separation, Kuala Lumpur:UM Press