Unit 1 Notes:Organ Systems

(1) Organ System Function● Organ systems must work together to maintain homeostasis in the living

organism.

● Each organ system is made of different organs that work together on a common purpose.

(2) The Nervous System● Organs / Structures:

○ Brain○ Spinal Cord○ Nerves○ Neurons

● Function:○ Control all other organ systems.○ Maintain homeostasis.○ Respond to stimuli and changes.

(3) The Cardiovascular System● Organs / Structures:

○ Heart○ Blood○ Blood Vessels

● Function:○ Circulate nutrients from food.○ Circulate Oxygen gas.○ Circulate waste products.○ Circulate Carbon Dioxide gas.

(4) The Respiratory System● Organs / Structures:

○ Nasal Cavity○ Trachea and Bronchial Tubes○ Lungs○ Diaphragm

● Function:○ Bring in oxygen gas, and deposit it into the

cardiovascular system.○ Remove carbon dioxide gas from the

cardiovascular system.

(5) The Skeletal System● Organs / Structures:

○ Bones○ Joints○ Cartilage

● Function:○ Overall body mobility (by working with muscles).○ Mineral and hormone storage.○ Produce blood cells.○ Structure, support, and protection.

(6) The Muscular System● Organs / Structures:

○ Muscles○ Tendons and Ligaments

● Function:○ Overall body mobility (by working with the

skeletal system).○ Produce body heat.

(7) The Digestive System● Organs / Structures:

○ Mouth ○ Esophagus○ Stomach○ Small and Large Intestine

● Function:○ Break food into smaller pieces.○ Metabolize biomolecules within food.○ Absorb useful compounds/nutrients and water.○ Excrete waste.

(8) The Excretory System● Organs / Structures:

○ Kidneys○ Ureters○ Bladder○ Urethra

● Function:○ Filter blood.○ Reabsorb useful / necessary compounds.○ Excrete harmful / excessive compounds.

(9) The Reproductive System● Organs / Structures:

○ Male → Penis, Testicles, Sperm○ Female → Vagina, Ovaries,

Uterus, Eggs

● Function:○ Pass genes on to offspring.

(10) The Endocrine System● Organs / Structures:

○ Glands○ Hormones

● Function:○ Initiate and control reproductive growth and cycles.○ Initiate and control body growth and development.○ Stimulate homeostatic responses.

(11) The Integumentary System● Organs / Structures:

○ Skin○ Hair○ Nails

● Function:○ Protect internal organs and produce vitamins.○ Provide additional body heat.○ Provide extra manipulation to environment and materials.

(12) The Lymphatic System● Organs / Structures:

○ White Blood Cells○ Lymph Vessels and Nodes

● Function:○ Protect the body against infectious

agents (bacteria / viruses).