Bell Ringer:What features describe the New England, Middle, and

Southern Colonies?

Left Group: New EnglandCenter Group: Middle Right Group: Southern

What European countries had colonies in America?

Britain

France

Spain

Native Americans were also here trying to survive.

Bell Ringer: What are the

characteristics of the two sides in the war?

1’s tell 2’s 2 things about the British

2’s tell the 1’s 2 things about the French

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)• Conflict between Natives and frontier settlers

• Governor Berkley (VA) wanted peace• Nathaniel Bacon attacked Native villages

• Berkley and the House of Burgesses did not support attacks• Bacon and his men marched to Jamestown

• Threatened to kill the Governor and the H.o.B. members• Burned the Capital

• Retreated after British forces arrive

I. North America as part of the British Empire

A. Colonies provide raw materials to EnglandB. England controls American trade

C. England fights with France & Spain for control of North America

North America in 1750

II. French & Indian War (1754-1763)

A. France & England fight for control of Ohio Valley & Canada

B. Early part of the war in western Pennsylvania

1. 1754 - Ft. Duquesne built by the French

a. Major George Washington sent by Virginia to kick French out of P A

b. GW defeated at Ft. Necessity - war begins

i. Kills a French diplomat & builds Ft. Necessity

Fort Duquesene

Fort Necessity

What three nations are represented in the painting?

Domain of Three Nations What event is depicted in the

painting?

What is the underlying theme (message) of the painting?

Fort Necessity Surrender Agreement

Captain de Villers grants these terms to the British on July 3, 1754

It is not our goal to make trouble, but only to revenge the assassination of one of our officers and to stop the British from settling on our land. With this in mind we will allow the British to surrender based upon the following agreement:

1. We allow the British to return peacefully to their colony on the other side of the Allegheny Mountains.

2. We will allow them to take all their belongings, except their cannons.3. We grant them the “Honors of War” showing them that we thought they

fought well and that we are still friends.4. As soon as this agreement is signed , the British will take down their flag.5. Tomorrow at daybreak we will take control of Fort Necessity.6. The British give their honor that they will not build a for or building beyond

the Allegheny Mountains for one year from today.7. The British have 21 French prisoners captured at the time they assassinated

Jumonville. In order to make sure that those French are returned safely to us, we will take Captain Stobo and Captain Van Braam with us as prisoners to Fort Duquesne. We will return both when the French prisoners are returned to us.

2. 1755 - GW returns with a larger British force

a. commander - General Edward Braddock

b. Braddock killed – mission fails

C. Strategic locations captured by the British

1. 1758 - Ft. Louisbourg (St. Lawrence River)2. 1758 - Ft. Duquesne (Ohio River)

a. Rebuilt & named after the British leader, William Pitt

3. 1759 - Ft. Niagara (Great Lakes)4. 1759 - Quebec (capital of New France)

a. French led by Montcalmb. British led by Wolfe

both killed

c. Battle occurs on the Plains of Abraham

Attempted to create a single government to lead the colonies

Albany Plan of Union

D. Treaty of Paris signed in 17631. France lost its empire in North America2. Spain gained some land3. British obtained MUCH land in North America

a. Gained a £130 million debtb. Bitter feelings toward the colonists

4. Americans were united and began to not trust the British

North America in 1763

E. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)1. Tension along the

frontiera. Settlers went past the Proclamation Line of 1763

2. Pontiac and allies attacked settlements and forts in their areas

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

Proclamation of 1763

Bell Ringer:What effect did the F&I war have on the relationship between the

British and the American Colonists?

British

• March in formation or bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

• Drills & tough discipline.

• Colonists should pay for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerilla tactics.

• Col. militias served under own captains.

• No mil. deference or protocols observed.

• Resistance to rising taxes.

• Casual, non-professionals.

Methods ofFighting:

MilitaryOrganization:

MilitaryDiscipline:

Finances:

Demeanor:

British-American Colonial Tensions

Colonials

III. Crisis Over TaxesA. British Parliament thinks colonists should help pay off the debt caused by the F & I War

1. Sugar Act (1764) illegal to buy non- British sugar (ignored)2. Stamp Act (Feb 1765) – taxed legal documents, newspapers, and other printed items

Discussion Points:

Were the British right to put taxes on the

Colonists?How did the Colonists respond to the taxes that were passed?

B. Colonists Respond1. No Taxation Without Representation” – colonists don’t elect members to Parliament2. Angry colonists protest sometimes violently

4. Stamp Act Congress (Oct 1765): meeting of delegates from 9 colonies –

3. Boycott: colonists refuse to buy British goods

a. Send a petition to George III

C. Parliament Responds

1. Boycott causes loss of income

a. placed taxes on paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea

3. British send troops to enforce these laws

a. Stamp Act repealed (1766)

2. New idea for taxation: Townshend Acts (June 1767)

b. colonists could produce these

Discussion Point:

What effect do the British Soldiers sent to enforce the

laws have on the opinions of the colonists toward the British?

Tar and Feathering

IV. The Crisis WorsensA. The Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770)

1. Conflict between British soldiers and colonists2. Colonists throw snow & ice at soldiers3. Someone yelled “FIRE”& soldiers shot at the people4. Five citizens killed including Crispus Attucks

B. Townshend Acts repealed (March 5, 1770)

Crispus Attucks

The Bloody Massacre (March 27,1770)

By Paul Revere

The Boston Massacre (April 10,1770)

By Henry Pelham

The Boston Massacre (1868)

By Alonzo Chappel

Committees of Correspondence

Purpose Warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br.

Broaden the resistance movement.

(CP) Summary Point:

Write a short letter to the editor of the Boston Gazette in response to the Boston Massacre and the events

surrounding it. Be sure to include your opinion on the course of action that

should be taken.

(GN) Summary Point:

Bring in an example of propaganda from the

media.(newspapers, internet, T.V., etc…) Be ready to

explain why it is propaganda.

Bell Ringer:Take out the example of

propaganda.

Share the example with the class and tell why it

is propaganda.

C. Tea Act (May 1773)

1. Colonists must buy tea from the British East India Company

2. 3¢ per pound tax on tea, but it was cheaper

a. Monopoly on tea and cut out colonial businessmen

D. Boston Tea Party (December 1773)1. Colonists angry about the tax on tea

2. Protesters, led by Samuel Adams, threw 342 chest of tea into Boston Harbor

Boston Tea Party (1773)

CP Classes:Write a letter to the editor in response to the Boston

Tea Party.1’s will write as if they were supporting the Loyalist side.

2’s will write as if they were supporting the Patriot side.

GN Classes:Write a 1 paragraph response to

the Boston Tea Party and preceding events from a certain

perspective.1’s will write as if they were supporting the Loyalist side.

2’s will write as if they were supporting the Patriot side.

E. Intolerable Acts (Spring 1774) –

2. Port of Boston closed until the tea was paid for (£9000)3. Governor of MA replaced with a military general4. Elected officials replaced with appointed officials5. Colonists must provide housing for British soldiers

1. Passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the Tea Party

Modern Cost of the Tea Party:

£11,852,030.57

$23,729,767.20

V. The Road to WarA. First Continental Congress (September 1774)

1. 12 colonies send delegates to Philadelphia2. Purpose: restore peace, NOT declare independence

Independence Hall

3. Agree on a course of actiona. Ignore Intolerable Acts

b. Continue boycott of British goods

c. Set up colonial militias

i. Citizen-soldiers trained to serve in an emergency

B. Fighting Begins: Lexington & Concord (April 1775)

1. Colonial militias have arms stored in Concord

2. British set out to capture these arms

The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere1) Read the Poem “The Midnight Ride of Paul

Revere by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

2) Write a short synopsis of the events of the poem.

3) Read the Real Midnight Ride of Paul Revere.

4) Compare and Contrast the two by creating a graphic organizer to display the information.

3. British meet Lexington militia & shots are fired; 8 colonists killed

4. British find no weapons at Concord & retreat to Boston5. Colonial militias attack the retreating Redcoats with ambushes

a. colonial casualties: 49 dead, 41 woundedb. British casualties: 73 dead, 174 wounded; 26 missing

The Shot Heard ’Round the World!

Who Fired It?

Who Fired First?

After reading the evidence provided and recorded on the chart, answer the following

question on a separate sheet of paper.

Who do you believe fired the first shot? Explain why you have come to this

conclusion and include specific examples to justify your thinking.