Unit 1 Intro to Chemistry and Measurement
Unit 2Matter and ChangeChemistry IMr. PatelSWHS
Topic OutlineContinue to Learn Major Elements and SymbolsProperties of Matter (2,1, 2,2, 2,3)Physical and Chemical Changes (2.1, 2.4)Inter-/Intra-molecular ForcesStates of Matter (13.2, 13.2, 13.3) Kinetics/KMT, Phase Change (13.1, 13.4)Properties of MatterRemember matter is anything that has mass and occupies volume.
Matter is described using properties that are extensive or intensive properties.
Extensive PropertiesExtensive Property a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. (Changes with amount)Mass measure of the amount of matter an object contains
Volume measure of the space taken up
Other examples: energy, weight, length, areaIntensive PropertiesIntensive Property a property that does NOT depend on the amount of matter
Density D = mass/volume matter per unit volume
Other examples: hardness, melting/freezing point, concentration, viscosity
Classify the statement as Intensive or ExtensiveThe Boiling point of water is 100OC.
The mass if 300 kg.
The length is 30 m.
The density of water is 1.0 g/mL.Intensive
Extensive
Extensive
Intensive
SubstanceAll matter can be divided into substances and mixtures
Substance uniform and definite composition
Every sample of a substance has identical intensive properties. Why?Copper Kettle
Gold SculptureMatterAnything that has mass and volumeSubstanceConstant Composition; All particles identicalEx: Water, HeliumMixtureVariable Composition; 2 or more substancesEx: Sand, SoilPhysicallySeparateSubstancesSubstances can be classified as elements or compounds
Element simplest form of matter with unique set of properties (all atoms same)Ex: Gold, Hydrogen, Oxygen (on periodic table)
Compound two or more elements chemically combined in fixed ratiosEx: Water, salt, baking soda
Compounds can be chemically separated to elements
MatterAnything that has mass and volumeSubstanceConstant Composition; All particles identicalEx: Water, HeliumMixtureVariable Composition; 2 or more substancesEx: Sand, SoilElementMade up of identical atoms; on Periodic TableEx: Zinc, UraniumCompoundMade up of 2 or more elements; combined chemicallyEx: Carbon dioxidePhysicallySeparateSeparateChemicallyMixturesMixture a physical blend of two or more components (substances)
Heterogeneous Mixture the composition is not uniform throughoutEx: soil, chicken noodle soup
Homogeneous Mixture (solution) composition is uniform throughoutEx: salt water, alloys (solid in solid)MixturesMixtures can be separated physically
Filtration solid from liquid
Distillation liquid from liquid or solid
Steel = Iron + Carbon
MatterAnything that has mass and volumeSubstanceConstant Composition; All particles identicalEx: Water, HeliumMixtureVariable Composition; 2 or more substancesEx: Sand, SoilElementMade up of identical atoms; on Periodic TableEx: Zinc, UraniumCompoundMade up of 2 or more elements; combined chemicallyEx: Carbon dioxidePhysicallySeparateSeparateChemicallyHeterogeneousUneven Distribution; easy to separateEx: Vegetable SoupHomogenousUniform Distribution; called solutionEx: Tap water, SteelPhysical Changes and PropertiesPhysical Property measured properties that do not change the nature of the sampleEx: Boiling Point, Density, Mass
Physical Change some properties may change but the composition of the material does not changeEx: Boiling, Freezing, Cutting, SplittingCan be Reversible or Irreversible
Physical Changes and PropertiesPhysical Changes do not involve chemical reactionsNo Breaking or Forming Chemical BondsSubstance is the same before and after the changeChemical Changes & PropertiesChemical Property the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reactionEx: Flammability, Combustibility, decomposition
Chemical Change the composition of matter will always changeEx: Burning, exploding, reacting, rusting, rottingAlso called a chemical reaction
Signs of Chemical ChangesClues for a chemical reaction:Transfer of Energy heat, sound, lightColor ChangeGas ProductionFormation of Precipitate solid that settles out of a liquid mixture
Dont confuse for a physical change
Conservation of MassLaw of Conservation of Mass mass is neither created nor destroyed; it is only transformed.
The mass before a reaction must always equal the mass after a reaction
Classify: Physical or Chemical ChangeBurning GasolineEvaporation of WaterStripping a Copper WireMold Growing on YogurtAlka-Setlzer tabletsChemicalPhysical
Physical
Chemical
Chemical
Molecular ForcesINterMolecular ForcesIntramolecular forcesForces between individual molecules
Strong by Numbers
Ex: Hydrogen Bonding, Dipole forces, Dispersion Forces
Contribute to Physical ChangesForces within a specific, individual molecule
Very Strong
Ex: Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond, Metallic Bond
Contribute to Chemical Changes