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Unit 3: The AtomUnit 3: The Atom
AtomsAtoms
All matter is made of very tiny All matter is made of very tiny particlesparticlesThese particles have the same These particles have the same
properties as the matter hasproperties as the matter has
Parts of the AtomParts of the Atom
Subatomic Particles – smaller Subatomic Particles – smaller than an atomthan an atom
ProtonProtonNeutronNeutronElectronElectron
Subatomic ParticlesSubatomic Particles
ProtonsProtonsPositive chargePositive chargeEach one has a charge of +1Each one has a charge of +1Located in the nucleusLocated in the nucleusEach one has a mass of 1amu Each one has a mass of 1amu (atomic mass unit)(atomic mass unit)
Subatomic ParticlesSubatomic Particles
NeutronsNeutronsNo chargeNo chargeLocated in the nucleusLocated in the nucleusEach one has a mass of 1amu Each one has a mass of 1amu (atomic mass unit)(atomic mass unit)
Subatomic ParticlesSubatomic Particles
ElectronsElectronsNegative chargeNegative chargeEach one has a charge of -1Each one has a charge of -1Located in the space around the Located in the space around the nucleusnucleus
Each one has a mass of about Each one has a mass of about 0.0006amu (atomic mass unit)0.0006amu (atomic mass unit)
The AtomThe Atom
The AtomThe Atom
The nucleus has protons and The nucleus has protons and neutronsneutronsPositively chargedPositively charged
The electron cloud has electronsThe electron cloud has electronsNegatively chargedNegatively charged
The number of protons equals the The number of protons equals the number of electrons in a neutral atomnumber of electrons in a neutral atom
Periodic TablePeriodic Table
The periodic table gives us lots of The periodic table gives us lots of information about the elements.information about the elements.
1
H
Hydrogen
1.008
Atomic Number
Element Symbol
Element Name
Average Atomic Mass
Symbol PracticeSymbol Practice
For the element name, give the symbol.For the element name, give the symbol.HeliumHeliumCarbonCarbonSulfurSulfurOxygenOxygenMagnesiumMagnesium
Element PracticeElement Practice
For the symbol, give the element name.For the symbol, give the element name.LiLiNNArArAlAlNaNa
Atomic NumberAtomic Number
Atoms of different elements are Atoms of different elements are differentdifferent
All protons and neutrons are identical All protons and neutrons are identical to each otherto each other
The number of protons in the nucleus The number of protons in the nucleus explains the differenceexplains the difference
The number of protons in the nucleus The number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number of an elementis the atomic number of an element
Atomic NumberAtomic Number
The atomic number identifies the The atomic number identifies the elementelement
Like DNA for an elementLike DNA for an elementExamples:Examples:
Hydrogen atoms and only hydrogen Hydrogen atoms and only hydrogen atoms have 1 proton in the nucleusatoms have 1 proton in the nucleus
Helium atoms and only helium atoms Helium atoms and only helium atoms have 2 protons in the nucleushave 2 protons in the nucleus
Proton PracticeProton Practice
Practice: How many protons are in Practice: How many protons are in each of the following elements?each of the following elements?CarbonCarbonPotassium Potassium NitrogenNitrogenCalcium Calcium SiliconSilicon
ElectronsElectrons
Electrons give atoms their chemical Electrons give atoms their chemical propertiesproperties
In order for an atom to have a neutral In order for an atom to have a neutral charge, it must have the same charge, it must have the same number of electrons as it has protons.number of electrons as it has protons.
Electrons = protons = atomic numberElectrons = protons = atomic number
Electron PracticeElectron Practice
Practice: How many electrons are in Practice: How many electrons are in each of the following elements?each of the following elements?HeliumHeliumChlorine Chlorine NitrogenNitrogenAluminum Aluminum BoronBoron
Mass NumberMass Number
All atoms have a mass numberAll atoms have a mass numberWe can figure it out by rounding the We can figure it out by rounding the
Average Atomic Mass to the nearest Average Atomic Mass to the nearest whole numberwhole number
Mass number = protons + neutronsMass number = protons + neutronsNeutrons = Mass number – protonsNeutrons = Mass number – protons
Finding NeutronsFinding NeutronsExample: CarbonExample: CarbonRound the Average Atomic Mass to Round the Average Atomic Mass to
the nearest whole number: the nearest whole number: 12.01 rounds to 1212.01 rounds to 12
How many protons in carbon?How many protons in carbon?66
Neutrons = Mass number – protonsNeutrons = Mass number – protonsNeutrons = 12 – 6 = 6Neutrons = 12 – 6 = 6
Neutron PracticeNeutron Practice
Practice: How many neutrons are in Practice: How many neutrons are in each of the following elements?each of the following elements?OxygenOxygenChlorine Chlorine ArgonArgonAluminum Aluminum PhosphorusPhosphorus
Atom Concept MapAtom Concept Map
First 25 Elements ActivityFirst 25 Elements Activity
IsotopesIsotopes
Isotopes of an element have the Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons, but different same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.numbers of neutrons.
There can be many isotopes of the There can be many isotopes of the same element.same element.