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Unit 4

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The Stuart House is also known as Stewart, andEstuardo in Spanish.

It was founded by Robert II of Scotland.

The Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom ofScotland.

After Elizabeth I died in 1603, she left no heirs. Hersuccessor was James VI of Scotland (James VI = JamesI of England)

The Stuarts reigned over England and Scotland for over100 years.

9 Stuart monarchs ruled just Scotland from 1371 until1603.

After 1603, there was a union of the crowns under James

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EstuardoInglaterra.png?uselang=eshttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EstuardoEscocia.png?uselang=es

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1) James I (1603-1625 A.D)

2) Charles I (1625-1649 AD)

3) Commonwealth Interlude(1649-1660 AD)

4) Charles II (1660-1685 AD)

5) James II (1685-1688 AD)

6) William and Mary (1689-1702 AD)

7) Queen Anne (1702-1714

AD)

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James I was the ruler from 1603 to 1625.

He was not appointed by Elizabeth, but by aCouncil of Accession.

Although James was a successful monarch inScotland, the same was not true in England.

He was unable to deal with a hostile

Parliament. His mismanagement of the kingdom's funds

and extreme Protestant background led tomany enemies.

James was the target of Guy Fawkes and the

Gunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament in1605.

As a man, however he was not seen as afailure.

He is considered by many to have been one ofthe most intellectual and learned individualsever to sit on the English or Scottish thrones.

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Took place in 1605.

The plot intended to kill the king by blowing upthe Houses of Parliament.

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Charles I was king from 1625 to 1649. King James son took his fathers

struggle with Parliament tounprecedented levels with his belief inthe Divine Right of Kings.

He increased taxes without Parliament'sconsent.

He attempted to impose major religiouschanges on the Church of England andbrought their country's faith too close toCatholicism.

The last years of Charles' reign weremarked by the outbreak of the English

Civil War. The war ended with Charles being

publicly executed for high treason. The monarchy was overthrown, and a

commonwealth was established.

It was the only time since 1066 that theUnited Kingdom had no monarch.

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The Great Rebellionstarted in 1641 and endedin 1651.

The Civil War ended at theBattle of Worcester.

The English monarchywas first replaced with the

Commonwealth ofEngland and afterwardswith a Protectorate.

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He was born on April 25, 1599 .

He was born in to an influentialand wealthy family.

He was educated at Huntingdongrammar school .

He was an English military andpolitical leader.

Rose from the rank of captain tolieutenant-general in three

years. Had no significant role in

national politics before the CivilWar.

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He was a prime mover in

execution of Charles I. He defeated the supporters of the

king's son Charles II.

He ended the civil war.

He dismissed the parliament andasked church representatives tochose a new parliament.

He was chosen Lord Protector of

England, Scotland, and Ireland. He was a protector from 1649 to

1658.

He died on 3 September 1658 in

London

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Charles II ruled from 1660 to 1685.

Before his fathers execution, Charles foughtagainst the Parliamentarians until he fled intoexile in Europe.

Rule under Cromwell had became adictatorship and when he died, his son Richardproved to be unfit to take his fathers place.

There was a plan of restoration of theMonarchy and in 1660, Charles II returned toEngland.

Unlike his father, Charles II was skilled atmanaging Parliament.

The Whig and Tory political parties firstdeveloped during this time.

His reign was also marked by both the lastoutbreak of bubonic plague in England and theGreat Fire of London.

He was known as The Merry Monarch'

He converted to Roman Catholicism on his

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It was from 1665 to1666

It brought death to

~100,000 people It was stronger than

the Black Death

~40,000 dogs and~200,000 cats werekilled

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It began on the night ofSeptember 2nd in 1666 onPudding Lane.

London was built of wood.

6 people died. ~80% of the city was

destroyed: 13,000 houses

89 churches

52 Guild Halls

It helped to end the Great

Plague.

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James II was the king from 1685 to 1688. He was the second surviving son of King

Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France James was the last Roman Catholic

monarch over Scotland, England andIreland.

Due to his religious disposition some

distrusted his policies. A group of Protestant dissidents led by his

son-in-law William of Orange deposed himafter only three years in what is known asthe Glorious Revolution.

James made one attempt to get back thethrone, raising an army in Ireland but thisnever amounted to anything and he spentthe last days of his life in France.

He was succeeded by William of Orangeand his wife, the exiled Kings own

protestant daughter Mary.

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William III/Mary II (1689 1702/1694)

When James II's daughter Mary and her husbandWilliam of Orange accepted the joint crown theywere read the Declaration of Rights.

It declared that no Catholic could become

sovereign. Born in The Hague, William made no effort to win

English hearts.

He spent a lot of time abroad leaving Mary to ruleEngland.

As a result, he was seen by many as an arrogantforeigner.

Being English, Mary was more popular and ruledfairly successfully.

After she died of smallpox, Williams ties in

Europe led to Englands involvement in waroverseas.

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Queen Anne ruled from 1702 to1714.

Anne was the last monarch of the

House of Stuart. Both Anne and her sister Mary hadfailed to produce a child who couldlive into adulthood, so there was a

succession crisis. When she finally died of gout withoutan heir, she was succeeded by adistant cousin, George I, from the

House of Hanover.

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The 17th century saw great advances in allbranches of science.

William Harvey, Robert Hooke and Isaac Newton

laid the foundations for the modern sciences. William Harvey - From his observations, he

demonstrated how the blood circulates around thebody pumped by the heart.

Robert Hooke He was interested in the study ofoptics and gravity.

Isaac Newton His discoveries about light, laws offorce, motion and gravity provide the basis for our

modern day understanding of the world around us.