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Unit 5: Nationalism, Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Sectionalism, and Economic
GrowthGrowth
SOL VA. US. 6a-dSOL VA. US. 6a-d
Nationalism:Love for one’s country
Sectionalism: Love for one’s region or section of a country
Following the War of 1812, Americans had a sense of national pride
Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe: 5th President
Economic Nationalism: Henry Clay “American System”
Goal: To strengthen the American economy
How?
National Bank
Protective Tariffs
Improved Transportation
National Bank
Provide low interest loans to expand business & industry
Re-chartered in 1816: By Republicans
Tax on imports
Allows American businesses to grow
Protective Tariff
Improved Transportation:
Allows people and goods to move throughout the country faster
Bill vetoed by James Madison
Canals Roads
Judicial NationalismJudicial NationalismMarshall Court
Strengthen National Government
Goal:
Marshall Court Decisions
McCulloch v. Maryland
National Bank
2) States cannot tax the national government
Reinforced the doctrine of implied powers
1) National Bank was legal
National Government over State Governments
Gibbons v. Ogden
A: National government controls interstate commerce (trade)
Q: Who has the power to regulate navigation?
Nationalist Diplomacy
Nationalist Goals:
Expand bordersEstablish presence in world affairs
Adams – Onis Treaty
Spain agreed to give up Florida to the United States
Monroe Doctrine
America warns Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere
Sectional SpecializationSectional Specialization
The United States was growing:
The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States
Agricultural, Industrial, & Transportation Revolutions link the sections together
Plantation Agriculture Plantation Agriculture SouthSouth
Cotton gin: Eli Whitney- Increased productivity
Indian Removal- Allowed expansion
Cash-Crop Economy- King Cotton
Industrialization Industrialization NortheastNortheast
Factory System expands:
Goods now made by machines, instead of by hand
Why the Northeast?
- Rivers and streams - Money
- Large labor supply
- Poor agricultural conditions
Lowell SystemLowell System
“Factory Girls”
New England
All in one production facility
Diversified Farming Diversified Farming WestWest
Fertile farmland in Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys
- Attracts people from the east and Europe
Small farms give way to specialized farms
Wheat:
- Northern Plains
Corn and Livestock:
-Ohio River Valley
InventionsInventionsEli Whitney:
Cotton Gin & Interchangeable Parts:
Samuel Slater: “Spinning Jenny”
John Deere: Metal Plow
Cyrus McCormick: Mechanical Reaper
Southern Needs:
Northern Manufactured Goods
Western Food
Western Needs:
Northern Manufactured Goods
Northeastern Needs:
Southern Cotton Western food
“Transportation Revolution”
Henry Clay: “American System”Roads
Canals
TrainsSteamboats
Turnpikes (Toll Roads):
- Built by private companies from 1800 -1825
- Cumberland Road (National Road)
Opened in 1825
- Linked New York City with New Orleans
- 350 miles long
“Clinton’s Big Ditch”
Erie Canal
Rivers: Flatboats dominate in the late 1700’s and early 1800’s
Robert Fulton:Creates the steamboat Clermont
Faster Travel
Changes America’s Waterways to 2 way arteries
Trains:
Most important change of the Transportation Revolution
Fast, Reliable, and cheaper than canals
The Transportation Revolution led to the development of a National Economy
North
West
South