Unit 6: 1914 to the Present

Global Fragmentation and Realignment

Question of Periodization?

Why begin the era with the year 1914?

Big Idea #1: Dissolution of Global Empires

• End 2nd period of European imperialism• Dissolution of land-based empires

– Russia, Ottoman, Soviet Union, Qing

• Dissolution of Maritime Empires– Negotiated independence: India, Guyana(Africa)

• Violent conflict: S. Africa, Vietnam, Algeria• New National Identities

– How did language, religion, peasant class, and culture contributed to post WWII national identities?

Big Idea #1 Continued

• Migration from colonies to Mother country– S.Asians to India– Algerians to France– Philippines to USA

• Social and Demographic Consequences– Refugees– India vs Pakistan exchange– Jewish/Palestine repatriation issue– Realignment of borders: India/Pakistan, Yugoslavia

dissolution

Big Idea #2: Global War and Conflict

• World War One and Two– Causes/effects– Was the war in 1914 a 30 years conflict?– Causes of War in ’39 same:

• Imperialism, nationalism, competition for resources, ethnic conflict, great power rivalry, ideological differences

– Global nature of war – colonials helped fight in war (British Indian troops)

Big Idea #2 Continued

– Economic mobilization & new technologies• economic decline of Europe• Genocide

– Armenian, Holocaust, Cambodia, Rwanda, Yugoslavia

What were the results of World War One?

• WW1– Mandate system– League of Nations

• World body to help maintain peace • No real power

– 9 new countries in Europe– Reparation system in Germany (33 Billion)

• Dependent on US financing• Also UK and France owed 2 billion to US

Middle East in 1914

WW 2 Results

• United Nations

• US and USSR most powerful in world

• Marshall Plan in Europe

• Germany and Japan occupied

• China returns to civil war

• India, Philippines given independence

Big Idea #2 Continued

• Cold War – Decolonization– Ideological struggle economically– Strategies of Cold War – flexible response,

MAD– East-West Division: NATO vs Warsaw Pact– Truman Doctrine/Marshall Plan

• Decolonization – Cuba, Vietnam, Congo

Big Idea #3: New Global Institutions & Characteristics

• Political – United Nations

• Economic– IMF, World Bank, OPEC, EU

• Humanitarian– Red Cross, Red Crescent, WHO, Doctors

Without Borders

• Regional agreements– EU, NAFTA

Big Idea #3 Continued

• New forms of communication/transport– Internet, spread of medicine

• Global poverty: what are our responsibilities?

• Globalization; spread of culture– Food, banking, multinational corporations