Unit 6: 1914 to the Present
Global Fragmentation and Realignment
Question of Periodization?
Why begin the era with the year 1914?
Big Idea #1: Dissolution of Global Empires
• End 2nd period of European imperialism• Dissolution of land-based empires
– Russia, Ottoman, Soviet Union, Qing
• Dissolution of Maritime Empires– Negotiated independence: India, Guyana(Africa)
• Violent conflict: S. Africa, Vietnam, Algeria• New National Identities
– How did language, religion, peasant class, and culture contributed to post WWII national identities?
Big Idea #1 Continued
• Migration from colonies to Mother country– S.Asians to India– Algerians to France– Philippines to USA
• Social and Demographic Consequences– Refugees– India vs Pakistan exchange– Jewish/Palestine repatriation issue– Realignment of borders: India/Pakistan, Yugoslavia
dissolution
Big Idea #2: Global War and Conflict
• World War One and Two– Causes/effects– Was the war in 1914 a 30 years conflict?– Causes of War in ’39 same:
• Imperialism, nationalism, competition for resources, ethnic conflict, great power rivalry, ideological differences
– Global nature of war – colonials helped fight in war (British Indian troops)
Big Idea #2 Continued
– Economic mobilization & new technologies• economic decline of Europe• Genocide
– Armenian, Holocaust, Cambodia, Rwanda, Yugoslavia
What were the results of World War One?
• WW1– Mandate system– League of Nations
• World body to help maintain peace • No real power
– 9 new countries in Europe– Reparation system in Germany (33 Billion)
• Dependent on US financing• Also UK and France owed 2 billion to US
Middle East in 1914
WW 2 Results
• United Nations
• US and USSR most powerful in world
• Marshall Plan in Europe
• Germany and Japan occupied
• China returns to civil war
• India, Philippines given independence
Big Idea #2 Continued
• Cold War – Decolonization– Ideological struggle economically– Strategies of Cold War – flexible response,
MAD– East-West Division: NATO vs Warsaw Pact– Truman Doctrine/Marshall Plan
• Decolonization – Cuba, Vietnam, Congo
Big Idea #3: New Global Institutions & Characteristics
• Political – United Nations
• Economic– IMF, World Bank, OPEC, EU
• Humanitarian– Red Cross, Red Crescent, WHO, Doctors
Without Borders
• Regional agreements– EU, NAFTA
Big Idea #3 Continued
• New forms of communication/transport– Internet, spread of medicine
• Global poverty: what are our responsibilities?
• Globalization; spread of culture– Food, banking, multinational corporations